Article(id=1322941227615789563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940959071285581, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.266, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717344000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343367722, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343367722, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343367722, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343367722, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940959071285581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='551', pageEnd='660', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749916800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343303697, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343303697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=562, endPage=567, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941227796144636, articleId=1322941227615789563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Surface Rupture of the 2022 Honghe MS5.0 Earthquake, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The epicenter of 2022 Honghe MS5.0 earthquake is located near the southern section of Red River fault zone, which consists of two nearly parallel faults: the Bolumu-Maocaoping fault and the Nanhun-Nabing fault. The Nanhun-Nabing fault is an active fault in the late Pleistocene, and significant water system dislocation deformation exists in the earthquake area. The field investigation after earthquake shows that a 1.2 km long surface rupture appeared on the ridge between Nanhun river and Nanchu river, and its distribution characteristics are consistent with the linear topography of Nanhun-Nabing fault. The deformation properties exhibited by the surface rupture in this area are consistent with the motion characteristics of earthquake rupture. Combined with the focal mechanism solution, it is believed that the Nanhun-Nabing fault is the seismogenic structure of Honghe MS5.0 earthquake.

, authors=Changwei LIU1, Qingyun ZHOU1, *, authorsList=Changwei LIU, Qingyun ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingyun ZHOU, authorNote=

LIU Changwei, engineer, majors in seismic geology and tectonic geomorphology, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941231193530895, articleId=1322941227615789563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=2022年红河MS5.0地震地裂缝特征及其构造意义, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

2022年红河MS5.0地震震中位于红河断裂带南段附近,该段由波鲁母-茅草坪断裂和南昏-那炳断裂2条近平行的断裂组成。南昏-那炳断裂表现为晚更新世以来活动,震区内存在显著的水系位错变形。震后野外地质调查发现,在南昏河与南处河间的山脊上存在一条长约1.2 km的地裂缝,其展布特征与南昏-那炳断裂的线性地貌较为吻合。该地裂缝表现出的变形性质与地震的破裂运动特征一致,结合震源机制解认为,南昏-那炳断裂为红河地震的发震构造。

, authors=刘昌伟1, 周青云1, *, authorsList=刘昌伟, 周青云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周青云, authorNote=

刘昌伟, 工程师, 主要从事地震地质、构造地貌研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

周青云, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震地质、构造地貌以及地震危险性评价研究, E-mail:

ZHOU Qingyun, senior engineer, majors in seismic geology, tectonic geomorphology and seismic hazard assessment, E-mail: zhouqingyun@pku.edu.cn

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F1 : 维西-乔后断裂; F2 : 红河断裂; F3 : 楚雄-南华断裂; F4 : 元谋断裂; F5 : 普渡河断裂; F6 : 曲江断裂; F7 : 石屏-建水断裂; F8 : 小江断裂; F9 : 弥勒-师宗断裂

, figureFileSmall=slH/eZGmIlWaPLuNUtDwxQ==, figureFileBig=wFroOa9rpQW23WWaftL+UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941235694019115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941227615789563, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Characteristics of water systems in earthquake area, figureFileSmall=QCjyGNhdNilFy5+bP6Wy+A==, figureFileBig=4lduf8juyxWheLmh1tixiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941235773710892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941227615789563, language=CN, label=图3, caption=震区水系特征

F1 : 南昏-那炳断裂; F2 : 波鲁母-茅草坪断裂

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2022年红河MS5.0地震地裂缝特征及其构造意义
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刘昌伟 1 , 周青云 1, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(6): 562-567
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (6) : 562 -567
2022年红河MS5.0地震地裂缝特征及其构造意义
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刘昌伟1 , 周青云1, *
作者信息
  • 1 云南省地震局, 昆明市北辰大道148号, 650224
通讯作者:

周青云, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震地质、构造地貌以及地震危险性评价研究, E-mail:

ZHOU Qingyun, senior engineer, majors in seismic geology, tectonic geomorphology and seismic hazard assessment, E-mail: zhouqingyun@pku.edu.cn

作者简介:

刘昌伟, 工程师, 主要从事地震地质、构造地貌研究, E-mail:

Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Surface Rupture of the 2022 Honghe MS5.0 Earthquake
Changwei LIU1 , Qingyun ZHOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Yunnan Earthquake Agency, 148 Beichen Road, Kunming 650224, China
  • LIU Changwei, engineer, majors in seismic geology and tectonic geomorphology, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.266
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2022年红河MS5.0地震震中位于红河断裂带南段附近,该段由波鲁母-茅草坪断裂和南昏-那炳断裂2条近平行的断裂组成。南昏-那炳断裂表现为晚更新世以来活动,震区内存在显著的水系位错变形。震后野外地质调查发现,在南昏河与南处河间的山脊上存在一条长约1.2 km的地裂缝,其展布特征与南昏-那炳断裂的线性地貌较为吻合。该地裂缝表现出的变形性质与地震的破裂运动特征一致,结合震源机制解认为,南昏-那炳断裂为红河地震的发震构造。

红河5.0级地震  /  南昏-那炳断裂  /  地裂缝  /  发震构造  /  红河断裂

The epicenter of 2022 Honghe MS5.0 earthquake is located near the southern section of Red River fault zone, which consists of two nearly parallel faults: the Bolumu-Maocaoping fault and the Nanhun-Nabing fault. The Nanhun-Nabing fault is an active fault in the late Pleistocene, and significant water system dislocation deformation exists in the earthquake area. The field investigation after earthquake shows that a 1.2 km long surface rupture appeared on the ridge between Nanhun river and Nanchu river, and its distribution characteristics are consistent with the linear topography of Nanhun-Nabing fault. The deformation properties exhibited by the surface rupture in this area are consistent with the motion characteristics of earthquake rupture. Combined with the focal mechanism solution, it is believed that the Nanhun-Nabing fault is the seismogenic structure of Honghe MS5.0 earthquake.

Honghe MS5.0 earthquake  /  Nanhun-Nabing fault  /  surface rupture  /  seismogenic structure  /  Red River fault
刘昌伟, 周青云. 2022年红河MS5.0地震地裂缝特征及其构造意义. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (6) : 562 -567 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.266
Changwei LIU, Qingyun ZHOU. Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Surface Rupture of the 2022 Honghe MS5.0 Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (6) : 562 -567 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.266
震后观察、记录同震破裂和地表变形非常重要,有助于分析主震破裂性质并判断发震构造[1-2]。一般认为6.5级以上地震更易形成指示地震运动性质的地表破裂[3],但后期研究发现, 与同震地表破裂或变形有关的最小地震震级可能低于MW5.0[4];同时部分学者通过增加地震样本数量建立了地表破裂长度与震级大小的线性回归模型,结果同样显示产生地表破裂或变形的最小震级容易被低估[1]。近年来地震现场科考工作开展得更为精细,国内外报道了诸多中强地震(4.5<M<6.0)产生同震地表破裂或变形的典型震例,对发震构造的研究具有指示作用[5-6]。通过收集补充全球范围内有明确记录产生了地表破裂的中小震例,分析得出产生地表破裂的最小震级及其控制因素,主要包括震源深度、发震断层几何特征、场地效应、断裂弱化程度及观测条件或观测偏差等[7]。整体上看,目前对于中强地震产生地表破裂或地表变形的相关研究较少且缺乏关注。
据中国地震台网中心测定,2022-11-19 01:27云南省红河州红河县(23.37°N, 102.26°E)发生5.0级地震,震源深度8 km。云南省地震局承担此次地震的灾评及科考工作,本文以此为基础,对极震区内南处村附近发现的连续地裂缝(长度约1.2 km)进行描述,并对其展布特征和运动性质进行分析,结合地貌特征讨论该地裂缝的构造意义。本文研究结果有助于深化对红河断裂带南段现今运动状态的认识。
2022年红河5.0级地震最高烈度为Ⅵ度,极震区面积约315 km2,涉及红河州红河县、石屏县和玉溪市元江县3个县共8个乡镇。等震线形状呈椭圆形,长轴走向NW(图1(a),地震烈度等震线据云南省地震局)。野外调查发现大坡-罕坝一带沿南昏-那炳断裂产生19处小型滑坡(图1(a)),尤其大水塘-罕坝一带分布较为集中(图1(b)和1(c))。此外,本文观察到此次地震事件在南处村附近产生长约1.2 km的连续地裂缝(图1(a))。
新生代以来印度洋板块持续向北楔入,使得青藏高原东南缘及东南亚地区发生显著的块体侧向挤出与旋转[8]。哀牢山-红河剪切带作为兰坪-思茅块体的北部边界,是区域内重要的力学与块体物质调节通道,对于陆内变形具有关键作用[9]。在碰撞作用下,新生代中期青藏高原地壳缩短变形作用逐步减弱,作为中南半岛北部边界的哀牢山-红河剪切带开始发生左旋走滑运动[10]。新生代晚期随着印度洋板块的持续向北楔入,青藏高原物质开始向东逃逸,哀牢山-红河剪切带由左旋走滑转变为右旋走滑,当今构造格局逐渐形成[11-12]。
作为哀牢山-红河剪切带重要组成部分的红河断裂带整体走向NW,略向西南弧形弯曲,其北起洱源,南东至越南南定市一带,最终延伸至红河出海口,断裂带全长约970 km(图2)。红河断裂带在我国境内部分长约600 km,前人根据几何结构与活动特征将其划分为洱源-弥渡断裂(北段)、苴力-大斗门断裂(中段)及春元-河口断裂(南段)3个部分[13];其境外部分北起越南老街,经安沛最终延伸至南定一带,长约370 km[14]。断裂带整体活动性自北向南逐渐减弱[15-17]。
2022年红河5.0级地震发生在红河断裂带南段,该段由2条近平行的断裂组成,分别为波鲁母-茅草坪断裂与南昏-那炳断裂(图1)。其中,波鲁母-茅草坪断裂错断的最新地层年代为中更新统,表示其晚更新世以来无明显活动迹象[13, 18];而南昏-那炳断裂晚更新世以来有活动迹象[13, 18],该断裂历史上共发生2次破坏性地震,分别为1972年红河5.5级和1972年红河4.8级地震(图3)。
作为哀牢山山前断裂南段的波鲁母-茅草坪断裂走向大致呈NW向,全长约180 km,主要发育于元古界变质岩或新生界地层之间,岩性以挤压透镜体、糜棱岩、构造角砾岩为主。震区范围内该断裂在地貌上的总体线性和连续性较为显著(图3),大水塘-底勐坝一带主要表现为断层槽谷地貌,全长超过5 km,宽100~600 m,呈“V”型(图4),附近构造侵蚀作用较强,槽谷局部下切深度超过200 m。此外,大水塘附近可见南罕河受到波鲁母-茅草坪断裂右旋运动的位错量达1.9 km(图4),芭蕉冲河在底勐坝附近右旋位错量达1.2 km(图3)。断裂由底勐坝向南东延伸至红河县以南一带断层槽谷地貌减弱,但依旧可观察到局部坡度发生转折及其对河流的控制。
南昏-那炳断裂为中谷断裂中北段,西北起自南昏村,沿南东穿过红河县延入那炳村附近,走向大致呈NW向,全长约75 km。震区范围内该断裂与波鲁母-茅草坪断裂近平行展布,两者相距1~2 km,大致沿红河南岸展布,局部对红河流向具有明显控制作用。南昏-那炳断裂在南昏-坝罕一带断错地貌表现尤为显著,主要表现为水系位错、线性山脊及线性槽谷等。
震区范围内受南昏-那炳断裂右旋走滑控制的水系位错量表现出分段性,以大水塘村为界,右旋位错呈现出北西段(大塘子-南处)高、南东段(大水塘-罕坝)低的特点。其中,北西段南满河、尼郎河在大塘子附近分别产生4.7 km和2.1 km的右旋位错;南昏村附近扒垤落河与下夺河在断裂右旋走滑作用下被袭夺,最终并入南昏河,并产生震区内最大右旋位错量(7.7 km);南处河在南处村附近产生3.9 km的右旋位错(图3)。南东段南昏-那炳断裂对河流的右旋位错量级整体为数百米,大水塘北东方向南罕河与红河汇入口可见两条水系发生同步右旋位错,该位置处红河T3-T4阶地形态随右旋作用发生改变,位错量分别为170 m和240 m(图5(a));芭蕉冲河与红河交汇口及孟甸河在罕坝附近与红河交汇口河流右旋位错量分别为620 m和450 m,区域内局部可见小水系由于断裂构造作用被袭夺(图3和5(b))。
此外,南昏-那炳断裂也以南处村为界,在北西、南东两段表现出截然不同的地貌特征。宏观上看,北西段受右旋位错及相关水系的影响,在大塘子、大坡及南处附近均可见线性山脊夹线性槽谷发育,长达数千米,受较强的侵蚀作用,该段线性地貌虽连续,但平直度欠佳;南东段线性地貌主要分布在大水塘及罕坝等地,均可见小规模槽谷及线性山脊,红河南岸局部可见断层三角面,整体上线性地貌平直度较高。
红河5.0级地震发生后,云南省地震局迅速对震区内地表变形展开详细的野外调查,发现南处村以东约2 km、南昏河与南处河间的山脊上存在一条长约1.2 km的地裂缝(图1和6(a)),裂缝沿NW向几乎贯穿整个线性山脊(图6(a)和6(b))。通过手持GPS追踪此范围内全部地裂缝行迹发现,其几何展布较为平直,走向NW290°,连续性较好(图6(a))。
该地裂缝的展布与南昏-那炳断裂的线性地貌几乎重合,发育在山脊北坡一缓坡平台上。与山脊顶部高度相比,地裂缝高差呈现两端低、中间高的特点,中部最大高差约12±1 m(图6(d)),长度超过650 m,与南处村负地形垭口及南罕河附近断层三角面呈连续定向分布。此外,罕坝附近孟甸河发生右旋位错处可观察到T3或T4阶地在断层作用下形成连续线性地貌(图5(b)),其特征与地裂缝附近发育的断坡平台较为相似。
在几何展布上,南处村地裂缝北西端(长约300 m)以张裂为主,连续性稍差,裂缝普遍宽度为1~3 cm不等(图6(c)),走向以NW300°为主,局部可见近EW向小裂缝发育。地裂缝由北西向南东延伸,逐渐表现出连续贯通的特点(图6(d)),长度达900 m,走向NW290°,表现为张性兼右旋错动。地裂缝在局部表现为左阶斜裂(图7(b)),宽度约1 cm,由于持续贯通可见小型拉分区(图7(c)),在一田垄上可见挤压作用形成的鼓丘(图7(a)),其空鼓高度约2 cm,两侧裂缝宽约1.5 cm。地裂缝在南东端宽度和贯通性逐渐减弱,最终分散为2条分支后消失。
本文在南处村附近观察到分布连续、走向稳定、发育位置与南昏-那炳断裂线性地貌一致、长约1.2 km的地裂缝,其表现出右旋走滑运动性质,结合红河5.0级地震的震源机制发现,地裂缝的变形特征与地震破裂性质一致。据中国地震台网中心正式测定结果,红河5.0级地震震源深度约8 km,可能产生指示地震破裂运动性质的次生地表变形。因此,本文认为在南处村附近观察到的是红河5.0级地震产生的同震地裂缝。
根据以往认识,结合南昏-那炳断裂活动性、几何特征与震源机制,本文认为南昏-那炳断裂为红河5.0级地震的发震构造,发震模式见图8。参考震源机制、南昏-那炳断裂运动性质及构造节面产状,结合实地调查结果推测,此次地震地表变形最大的位置并非主震垂直投影在地表的区域,而可能出现在地表断裂带附近。对于走滑断裂,断层倾角由直立变缓时,地表变形量峰值向断层上盘一侧少量偏移,但主要还是集中在断层在地表的出露处[19],地裂缝的产生机制见图9。前人通过数值模拟发现,由于主震破裂存在滑移角,部分非垂直构造节面的发震断层,其地表变形具有非对称性[20],在发震断层倾角合适的情况下,即使震级较小也能产生地表变形[7]。该模拟结果与此次红河5.0级地震的发震模式一致。南处村同震地裂缝并不能代表地震事件在地表的直接破裂行为,但可能指示此次地震地表变形的最大区域,更精确的形变量及影响范围还需结合地表InSAR分析结果进行对比验证。
同震地裂缝的成因除与地震作用有关外,边坡效应产生的影响同样不可忽视。从地貌上看,地裂缝发育位置处于线性山脊两侧的缓坡平台上,整体呈直线展布(图6(b))。缓坡平台外缘坡度较大,实测坡度约37°,对地震动较为敏感。地裂缝在部分段落以张裂为主,显示其可能受到边坡的放大作用影响,本文所测量的右旋变形量可能偏大。但该地裂缝并不只是边坡效应作用的结果,具体原因为:1)该地裂缝北西端始于山脊北坡,向南东穿越山脊线至山脊南坡,滑坡后缘的张裂缝一般均发育在山体坡面一侧,很少会对山脊线产生切穿;2)南处村地裂缝整体规模较长(约1.2 km),连续性较好,几何展布上较为平直,未出现边坡裂缝常见的不连续弧形张裂缝;3)该地裂缝除张裂性质外,还表现出与地震破裂性质一致的右旋剪切特征,甚至在局部出现剪切作用产生的鼓丘;4)该地裂缝的空间展布与南昏-那炳断裂几乎完全一致[13],与断裂构造形成的线性地貌均呈连续定向排列。因此,本文认为南处村同震地裂缝在成因上主要与地震作用有关。
在红河5.0级地震发震构造方面仍有部分问题需进一步研究:1)地貌上波鲁母-茅草坪断裂分别对南罕河、芭蕉冲河产生约1.9 km、1.2 km的右旋位错量,其晚更新世以来的活动性仍具有不确定性;2)根据本文给出的发震模式,波鲁母-茅草坪断裂在几何结构上同样具有参与发震的可能,其活动性及深部几何特征仍需进一步探讨。
红河5.0级地震在南处村附近形成了一条长约1.2 km的地裂缝。该地裂缝发育位置与南昏-那炳断裂线性地貌重叠,变形性质与地震破裂运动性质一致,是一条同震地裂缝。结合断裂活动性、几何特征与震源机制认为,南昏-那炳断裂为红河5.0级地震的发震构造。
  • 云南省地震局科技创新团队项目(CXTD202408)
  • 云南省重点研发计划(202203AC100003)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.266
  • 接收时间:2024-06-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03
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Project for Science and Technology Innovation Team of Yunnan Earthquake Agency(CXTD202408)
云南省地震局科技创新团队项目(CXTD202408)
Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(202203AC100003)
云南省重点研发计划(202203AC100003)
作者信息
    1 云南省地震局, 昆明市北辰大道148号, 650224

通讯作者:

周青云, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震地质、构造地貌以及地震危险性评价研究, E-mail:

ZHOU Qingyun, senior engineer, majors in seismic geology, tectonic geomorphology and seismic hazard assessment, E-mail: zhouqingyun@pku.edu.cn

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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