Article(id=1322940892499288660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940717152215106, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718035200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343287824, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343287824, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343287824, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343287824, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940717152215106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='331', pageEnd='440', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744646400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343246019, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343246019, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=392, endPage=396, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322940894588052054, articleId=1322940892499288660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=The Application of Seismic Attribute Analysis to Urban Active Fault Detection, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to more clearly depict the fault distribution in the seismic profile of urban active fault detection, seismic attributes are extracted from the seismic data of urban active fault detection based on the theory and implement methods of variance body, coherence body, instantaneous phase and wave impedance inversion, and comprehensively analyze the application effects of various attributes, and use the attribute fusion method to superimpose display the seismic attributes. The results show that using seismic attribute analysis and attribute fusion can reduce the difficulty of fault identification, improve the accuracy of fault identification, and the fault distribution is more regular.

, authors=Tailin AN1, Shaoying FENG1, Xiaojuan DENG1, Qian LI1, Yiming TIAN1, Lihua HOU1, authorsList=Tailin AN, Shaoying FENG, Xiaojuan DENG, Qian LI, Yiming TIAN, Lihua HOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

AN Tailin, engineer, majors in seismic exploration methods and urban active fault detection, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322940900854342248, articleId=1322940892499288660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=地震属性分析在城市活断层探测中的应用, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为更清晰地刻画城市活断层探测地震剖面中的断层分布,基于方差体、相干体、瞬时相位、波阻抗反演的原理和实现方法对城市活断层探测地震数据资料进行地震属性提取,将各类属性的应用效果进行综合分析,并利用属性融合方法对地震属性进行叠合显示。结果表明,利用地震属性分析和属性融合可以降低断层识别的难度,提高断层识别的精度,且断层分布更具有规律性。

, authors=安泰霖1, 酆少英1, 邓小娟1, 李倩1, 田一鸣1, 侯黎华1, authorsList=安泰霖, 酆少英, 邓小娟, 李倩, 田一鸣, 侯黎华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

安泰霖, 工程师, 主要从事地震勘探方法及城市活断层探测研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Y+0PU/B+NadW1y8v8l9EwQ==, magXml=rU/9IICWtSKWdtF66XYUsQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=uljmeEin+1ifuOdwuXlyoA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ajAXF7kx6xVKV5qNcAqlKA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322940903433839213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940892499288660, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1558037714@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322940903832298095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940892499288660, authorId=1322940903433839213, language=EN, stringName=Tailin AN, firstName=Tailin, middleName=null, lastName=AN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA, 75 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China, bio={"content":"

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AN Tailin, engineer, majors in seismic exploration methods and urban active fault detection, E-mail:

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地震属性分析在城市活断层探测中的应用
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安泰霖 1 , 酆少英 1 , 邓小娟 1 , 李倩 1 , 田一鸣 1 , 侯黎华 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(4): 392-396
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (4) : 392 -396
地震属性分析在城市活断层探测中的应用
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安泰霖1 , 酆少英1, 邓小娟1, 李倩1, 田一鸣1, 侯黎华1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心, 郑州市文化路75号, 450002
作者简介:

安泰霖, 工程师, 主要从事地震勘探方法及城市活断层探测研究, E-mail:

The Application of Seismic Attribute Analysis to Urban Active Fault Detection
Tailin AN1 , Shaoying FENG1, Xiaojuan DENG1, Qian LI1, Yiming TIAN1, Lihua HOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA, 75 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • AN Tailin, engineer, majors in seismic exploration methods and urban active fault detection, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.276
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为更清晰地刻画城市活断层探测地震剖面中的断层分布,基于方差体、相干体、瞬时相位、波阻抗反演的原理和实现方法对城市活断层探测地震数据资料进行地震属性提取,将各类属性的应用效果进行综合分析,并利用属性融合方法对地震属性进行叠合显示。结果表明,利用地震属性分析和属性融合可以降低断层识别的难度,提高断层识别的精度,且断层分布更具有规律性。

地震属性分析  /  属性融合  /  城市活断层探测

In order to more clearly depict the fault distribution in the seismic profile of urban active fault detection, seismic attributes are extracted from the seismic data of urban active fault detection based on the theory and implement methods of variance body, coherence body, instantaneous phase and wave impedance inversion, and comprehensively analyze the application effects of various attributes, and use the attribute fusion method to superimpose display the seismic attributes. The results show that using seismic attribute analysis and attribute fusion can reduce the difficulty of fault identification, improve the accuracy of fault identification, and the fault distribution is more regular.

seismic attribute analysis  /  attribute fusion  /  urban active fault detection
安泰霖, 酆少英, 邓小娟, 李倩, 田一鸣, 侯黎华. 地震属性分析在城市活断层探测中的应用. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (4) : 392 -396 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.276
Tailin AN, Shaoying FENG, Xiaojuan DENG, Qian LI, Yiming TIAN, Lihua HOU. The Application of Seismic Attribute Analysis to Urban Active Fault Detection[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (4) : 392 -396 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.276
地震属性分析一直是地震解释研究的一项重要内容,是将地震属性转换为地质特征的一套方法,有助于更加精确且高效地解释地震数据[1-2]。在城市活断层探测中,以往主要根据地震剖面中的反射波同相轴是否连续来判断是否存在断层,但这种方法要求地震资料有很高的质量,解释中容易忽略那些反射波同相轴在地震剖面上的不连续性较不明显、辨识度低的断层。因此,利用地震属性分析在城市活断层探测中开展识别与解释断层具有重要意义。
本文基于方差体、相干体、瞬时相位、波阻抗反演的原理和实现方法对城市活断层探测地震数据资料进行地震属性提取,将各类属性的应用效果进行综合分析,并利用属性融合方法对地震属性进行叠合显示。
方差体来源于方差分析,它通过计算时窗内地震道的每个采样点与平均值之差得到,在遇到地下有断层或者是地层不连续变化时,方差体可以突显地震反射波的异常[3-4]。相干体是通过计算地震道之间的相似性获得的,在地震剖面中出现断层时,地震波的波形特征发生变化,进而导致在地震剖面的局部地震道与地震道之间的相关性发生变化[5-6]。瞬时相位是地震剖面上反射波同相轴连续性的量度,无论能量大小,即使是地震波振幅较弱的时候也能很好地显示在瞬时相位图上[7-8]。波阻抗反演是建立地质体与波阻抗之间的对应关系,通过地震资料反演地层波阻抗,根据地质体的波阻抗响应来推测地下地质构造[9]。
本文利用GeoEast软件中的属性比例融合方法对地震属性进行融合。属性比例融合功能可以将2个地震属性数据A和B按一定比例关系融合生成新的数据C[10-11],其原理如下:
1) 设数据A的最大、最小值分别为Amax、Amin,取[A1, A2]之间的数据参加融合;
2) 设数据B的最大、最小值分别为Bmax、Bmin,取[B1, B2]之间的数据参加融合;
3) 设融合后的新数据C的最大、最小值为Cmax、Cmin,并且满足Cmax=Bmax或B2,Cmin=Amin或A1;
4) 为了将数据A和B按比例融合成数据C,在数据C的最大、最小值之间选择一个合适的值作为分界点Cx。将A中参与融合的数据[A1, A2]融合到C中的[Cmin, Cx]段,B中参与融合的数据[B1, B2]融合到C中的[Cx, Cmax]段。且有:
在地球物理勘探中,常通过提取地震资料中的地震属性来解释地质异常构造,但是利用一种地震属性进行构造解释时,常会受到原始地震资料的分辨率和信噪比的影响,造成解释结果具有多解性 [12]。
由于不同的地震属性具有不同的原理,所表征的地下地质信息也不同,由此便产生了能够结合多种地震属性进行构造解释的地震属性融合方法。该方法基于不同地区的地质条件对具有不同含义的地震属性进行融合,能够综合各个地震属性在构造解释方面的优势,降低解释结果的多解性,提高构造解释的精度[13]。
Balch[14]使用多种颜色来显示地震数据,将彩色图像与异常区域的地质构造进行对应,并利用多种颜色的显色效果显示异常地质构造,之后该方法成为一种常用的地震解释手段。Onstott[15]首次使用多属性显示,用红色、绿色、蓝色分别对应近炮检距、中炮检距和远炮检距地震属性,得到AVO的颜色叠加特性。Guo等[16]将主成分分析(PCA)与RGBA融合方法相结合,对各地震属性主成分提取后融合,极大提高了对地质异常体的识别能力。
国内研究人员将地震属性融合方法应用于断层识别中,大幅提升了断层识别的效果。丁峰等[17]将PCA与RGBA融合方法应用于渤海SZ油田,有效刻画了断层的形态,并得到了油藏流体的动态变化特征。赵喜彬[18]利用相干能量梯度与地震剖面进行属性比例融合,提高了断裂构造解释的准确性。赵小辉等[19]通过核主成分分析融合技术融合构造曲率和振幅曲率属性,使用多方位数据特征值融合技术将多个方位角的相干、构造曲率、振幅曲率属性融合在一起,有效提高了研究区微小断裂的识别精度,取得了较好的应用效果。罗忠琴等[20]利用深度域的相干体、方差体、曲率体、蚂蚁体等地震属性融合辅助小断层解释,提高了小断层解释的精度和可靠程度。
地震属性颜色融合即利用不同颜色来表示地震属性,然后采用RGB等颜色模型融合多种属性[21]。RGB颜色模型采用红、绿、蓝分别表达一种地震属性,然后将3种属性进行融合[22]。此外还有基于透明度的颜色融合,即将一种属性调整透明度显示之后,再叠加于另一种属性之上[23]。
本文所采用的地震属性比例融合属于地震属性颜色融合的一种,该方法可以应用于2种地震属性的情况,且不需要钻井数据,在无井区域也可以使用。限制因素是该方法本质上是简单的颜色叠加而非数据融合,无法调整不同属性间的权重,无法提供定量化参数[22]。
使用中国地震局地球物理勘探中心于2004年在银川地区布设的一条浅层地震勘探测线Z1获得的反射地震数据开展研究。该测线采用道间距10 m、偏移距20 m、96道接收、16次覆盖的工作方法,得到的反射波叠加时间剖面见图1。由图1可以看出,反射波叠加时间剖面双程到时400 ms以下地层反射成层分布且能量较强,而400 ms以上在剖面上几乎看不到明显的地层反射。根据剖面上反射波同相轴的明显错断、反射波能量的变化等,在剖面上解释了3条特征明显的断层,图中分别用F1、F2和F3来表示。从这3条断层在剖面上的特征来看,F1断层的特征最为明显,F2和F3断层在剖面上也可以清晰地分辨出来,但其规模要小于F1断层。根据剖面上反映的特征,结合已有的地质资料,认为剖面上的F1断层就是要探测的银川断层。
下面针对Z1测线进行方差体、相干体、瞬时相位的提取和波阻抗反演,将各类地震属性的应用效果进行综合分析,并利用地震属性比例融合方法对地震属性进行叠合显示(图2~8)。
综合分析图1~8可以得出:
1) 方差体对断层的细节刻画较好,方差体剖面中方差值高的位置与断层方向基本一致。规模较小的断层在方差体剖面上相较规模较大的断层更容易分辨,规模较大的F1断层在方差体剖面上有继续往上延伸的趋势。
2) 瞬时相位剖面相较原始地震剖面在400 ms以上振幅较弱的地方连续性更好,在地震剖面质量较差的情况下仍然可以分辨断层。规模较大的F1断层在瞬时相位剖面上有明显继续往上延伸的趋势,断层向上延伸到20 ms左右瞬时相位依然有被错断的迹象。
3) 相干体剖面中相干值较低的点与断层基本吻合,该相干体剖面针对断层的分辨能力一般,虽然可以指示有断层的存在,但是无法精细刻画出断层的位置。
4) 波阻抗剖面相较原始地震剖面能够更加清楚地识别400 ms以下的多组能量较强的地震波反射界面,可以为剖面反射波同相轴的追踪提供依据。
5) 相干体和瞬时相位2种地震属性融合之后,断层的分辨能力得到显著提高,对断层方向的细节刻画有明显改善。
6) 方差体和波阻抗2种地震属性融合之后,断层的分辨能力得到显著提高,F1断层往浅部延伸的特征更加明显,方向也更加清晰。
新渠梢钻孔联合实验剖面与地震勘探测线重合布置,横跨银川断层(即地震剖面上的F1断层)。剖面实际长100.6 m,由9个钻孔组成。从钻孔地质剖面上能分辨的断层上断点埋深为8.35 m,该深度以上因地层标志不清,无法分辨[24-25]。
钻孔地质剖面上断层向浅部延伸的特征与方差体和波阻抗2种地震属性融合之后得到的F1断层往浅部延伸的特征相吻合,钻孔验证的上断点埋深与分析瞬时相位剖面之后所得到的结论基本一致。
1) 在城市活断层探测中利用地震属性分析方法可以增强从剖面中提取地层特征和构造信息的能力。综合应用方差体、瞬时相位、相干体等地震属性和波阻抗反演,可以更加直观并且清晰地划分地层并刻画断层的形态,为断层解释提供更多的判别依据,使断层解释更加客观准确。
2) 以相干体和瞬时相位、方差体和波阻抗为例,应用属性比例融合方法,得到的属性融合数据同时包含了2种地震属性的信息,充分利用了2种地震属性各自的优势,减少了只利用一种地震属性解释时的不确定性,在针对城市活断层探测地震资料的实际应用中取得了较好的断层识别效果。
  • 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心青年基金(YFGEC2023004)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.276
  • 接收时间:2024-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11
基金
Seismic Youth Funding of GEC(YFGEC2023004)
中国地震局地球物理勘探中心青年基金(YFGEC2023004)
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    1 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心, 郑州市文化路75号, 450002
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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