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Article(id=1322940882906907641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940717152215106, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.217, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715270400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343285537, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343285537, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343285537, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343285537, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940717152215106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='331', pageEnd='440', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744646400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343246019, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343246019, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=362, endPage=366, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322940883099845626, articleId=1322940882906907641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Abnormal Characteristics of Fixed-Point Deformation of Luding MS6.8 Earthquake in Sichuan, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study analyzed data from vertical pendulum tiltmeters, water-tube tiltmeters, extensometers, borehole strainmeters, and gravimeters at three stations within 100 km of the epicenter prior to the MS6.8 Luding earthquake in Sichuan province. The results revealed that pre-earthquake observations from some instruments exceeded two times the mean square deviation, and the distance from the epicenter influenced the duration of the anomalies.

, authors=Chaohui ZHOU1, Guang YANG2, Dongmei NING3, authorsList=Chaohui ZHOU, Guang YANG, Dongmei NING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

ZHOU Zhaohui, senior engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322940886337847310, articleId=1322940882906907641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=四川泸定6.8级地震定点形变异常特征, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

分析四川泸定6.8级地震前震中周边100 km内3个台站的垂直摆倾斜仪、水管仪、伸缩仪、钻孔应变仪和重力仪数据，发现震前部分仪器观测值超2倍均方差，且震中距的远近会影响异常持续时间的长短。

, authors=周朝晖1, 阳光2, 宁冬梅3, authorsList=周朝晖, 阳光, 宁冬梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

周朝晖, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震监测研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有，未经授权，不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6SexN4FEiBGNJV5ip9Hn7A==, magXml=kvcXWb5528XRV4B7FfWr6g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Raf772qrwp7pZ5+/VwRjug==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Bom2teBxBPVxpIyLmzOMPg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322940887298342941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940882906907641, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=517267939@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322940887541612577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940882906907641, authorId=1322940887298342941, language=EN, stringName=Chaohui ZHOU, firstName=Chaohui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Sichuan Earthquake Agency, 29 Section 3 of South-Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China, bio={"content":"

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ZHOU Zhaohui, senior engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring, E-mail:

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周朝晖, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震监测研究, E-mail:

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周朝晖, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震监测研究, E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322940895418515534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940882906907641, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Information of observation stations and instruments

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台站 台站位置 观测仪器 震中距/km
燕子沟 29.68°N、102.07°E 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP)、g-Phone重力仪 10
天全 30.073°N、102.764°E 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP)、DSQ水管仪、SSY伸缩仪、RZB-2钻孔应变仪 84
姑咱 30.117°N、102.173°E 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP)、三分量DSQ水管仪、三分量SSY伸缩仪、YRY-4钻孔应变仪、DZW重力仪 59
), ArticleFig(id=1322940895510790223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940882906907641, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

观测台站与观测仪器信息

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台站 台站位置 观测仪器 震中距/km
燕子沟 29.68°N、102.07°E 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP)、g-Phone重力仪 10
天全 30.073°N、102.764°E 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP)、DSQ水管仪、SSY伸缩仪、RZB-2钻孔应变仪 84
姑咱 30.117°N、102.173°E 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP)、三分量DSQ水管仪、三分量SSY伸缩仪、YRY-4钻孔应变仪、DZW重力仪 59
), ArticleFig(id=1322940895569510480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940882906907641, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Typical anomalies of Luding MS6.8 earthquake

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台站 观测仪器 异常项 异常时间变化
燕子沟 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP) 日均值北南分量 2022-07转折加速南倾
gPhone重力仪 重力日均值 2022-04-10转折下降
天全 RZB-2钻孔应变仪 四分量钻孔北南分量 2022-08-20转折为压性
四分量钻孔东西分量 2022-08-20转折为压性
姑咱 三分量DSQ水管仪 水管仪日均值东西分量 2021-10开始转折
水管仪日均值北西分量 2021-10开始转折
伸缩仪日均值观测曲线 2020-09开始转折
三分量SSY伸缩仪 北南向潮汐因子 2022-06波动增加，7月份2倍均方差
垂直摆倾斜仪(VP) 东西向潮汐因子 2022-06波动增加，7月份2倍均方差
), ArticleFig(id=1322940895674368081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940882906907641, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

泸定6.8级地震典型异常情况

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台站 观测仪器 异常项 异常时间变化
燕子沟 垂直摆倾斜仪(VP) 日均值北南分量 2022-07转折加速南倾
gPhone重力仪 重力日均值 2022-04-10转折下降
天全 RZB-2钻孔应变仪 四分量钻孔北南分量 2022-08-20转折为压性
四分量钻孔东西分量 2022-08-20转折为压性
姑咱 三分量DSQ水管仪 水管仪日均值东西分量 2021-10开始转折
水管仪日均值北西分量 2021-10开始转折
伸缩仪日均值观测曲线 2020-09开始转折
三分量SSY伸缩仪 北南向潮汐因子 2022-06波动增加，7月份2倍均方差
垂直摆倾斜仪(VP) 东西向潮汐因子 2022-06波动增加，7月份2倍均方差
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四川泸定6.8级地震定点形变异常特征
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周朝晖 1 , 阳光 2 , 宁冬梅 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(4): 362-366
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (4) : 362 -366
四川泸定6.8级地震定点形变异常特征
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周朝晖1 , 阳光2, 宁冬梅3
作者信息
  • 1 四川省地震局, 成都市人民南路三段29号, 610041
  • 2 四川省地震局康定地震监测中心站, 四川省康定市银河路47号, 626001
  • 3 雅安市应急管理局, 四川省雅安市宁雅路66号, 625000
作者简介:

周朝晖, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震监测研究, E-mail:

Abnormal Characteristics of Fixed-Point Deformation of Luding MS6.8 Earthquake in Sichuan
Chaohui ZHOU1 , Guang YANG2, Dongmei NING3
Affiliations
  • 1 Sichuan Earthquake Agency, 29 Section 3 of South-Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 2 Kangding Earthquake Monitor Center of Sichuan Earthquake Agency, 47 Yinhe Road, Kangding 626001, China
  • 3 Ya'an Emergency Management Bureau, 66 Ningya Road, Ya'an 625000, China

    • ZHOU Zhaohui, senior engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.217
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摘要
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分析四川泸定6.8级地震前震中周边100 km内3个台站的垂直摆倾斜仪、水管仪、伸缩仪、钻孔应变仪和重力仪数据，发现震前部分仪器观测值超2倍均方差，且震中距的远近会影响异常持续时间的长短。

泸定6.8级地震  /  定点形变  /  变化特征  /  重力观测  /  钻孔应变

This study analyzed data from vertical pendulum tiltmeters, water-tube tiltmeters, extensometers, borehole strainmeters, and gravimeters at three stations within 100 km of the epicenter prior to the MS6.8 Luding earthquake in Sichuan province. The results revealed that pre-earthquake observations from some instruments exceeded two times the mean square deviation, and the distance from the epicenter influenced the duration of the anomalies.

Luding MS6.8 earthquake  /  fixed-point deformation  /  variation characteristics  /  gravity observation  /  borehole strain
周朝晖, 阳光, 宁冬梅. 四川泸定6.8级地震定点形变异常特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (4) : 362 -366 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.217
Chaohui ZHOU, Guang YANG, Dongmei NING. Abnormal Characteristics of Fixed-Point Deformation of Luding MS6.8 Earthquake in Sichuan[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (4) : 362 -366 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.217
正文
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2022-09-05四川省甘孜州泸定县(102.08°E, 29.59°N) 发生6.8级地震，震源深度16 km。该地震发生在鲜水河断裂带南段磨西段，该区域位于青藏高原东缘，构造复杂，大型活动断裂发育，地震活动活跃。截至2023-05-12，该地震序列共记录到余震17 079次，其中MS≥5.0余震2次，分别为2022-10-22 MS5.0和2023-01-26 MS5.6地震，MS4.0~4.9余震6次；余震总体沿NNW向展布，大渡河断裂参与了南段的余震活动。泸定MS6.8地震的震源机制为走滑型，断层节面Ⅰ：走向251°、倾角81°、滑动角169°；节面Ⅱ：走向343°、倾角79°、滑动角9°。地震破裂过程由震中向东南方向延伸，由深部向浅部扩展，最大滑动量约0.8 m。
1 震中台站和地震资料
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本文以震中距100 km范围内的区域形变台作为本次地震的研究对象(表1)。
四川燕子沟地震台位于海螺沟景区内，2010-06开始建设，2019年底完成仪器设备安装工作，洞室总长78 m。该台站位于川滇南北向构造南端，为近南北向的安宁河断裂、北西向的磨西断裂(鲜水河断裂)、北东向的龙门山断裂带交会地带，属青藏高原东南缘。
2 异常特征分析
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2.1 非潮汐变化
日均值方法是固体潮数据非潮汐分析方法之一[1]，即对每日24个整点值取平均，可以滤去97%的潮汐成分，剩余的为零点飘移和非潮汐信息，可反映趋势变化。通过提取非潮汐频段的加速、转折、年变消失、突变等异常信息，利用多台站数据特征或与其他异常配合，可为中强地震的中短期预测提供判定依据[2-7]。距震中59 km的姑咱台为形变综合台，该台水管仪和伸缩仪均为三分量观测，正常情况下年变背景具有规律性。从图1可以看出，北南分量、东西分量和北西分量分别具有不同程度的震前突变异常特征，北南分量在2022年存在一个年变波动，水管仪东西分量在2021年开始出现加速上升、转折、年变消失的现象；水管仪北西分量在2021年开始出现转折并伴有加速上升趋势；伸缩仪在2020年底出现加速上升、年变消失的现象，表现为张性变化，在转为压性变化过程中发生泸定6.8级地震。
2.2 小波分析
小波分析应用于潮汐形变数字化资料干扰识别与消除，可提取不同频率的非潮汐信息。本文采用MATLAB中db4小波函数进行细节性分析计算[8]。
分别对燕子沟台VP垂直摆倾斜仪北南分量、东西分量，姑咱台水管仪和伸缩仪东西分量、北西分量的整点值进行计算，并对2个台站的高频部分进行分解(图2)。从第8、9阶可以看出，震前出现较大幅度的异常变化，周期约为几十天(每个分图中上面一条红线为2倍均方差，超过该线为异常)。观测台站与震中距离不同，出现异常信息的频段也会存在差异，燕子沟台离震中约10 km，震中位于台站东西方位，姑咱台离震中约59 km，准同步基本在2022-06-10，在2023-01-23还相继发生5.6级余震(图2)。
2.3 潮汐因子异常
倾斜潮汐因子γ值为实测倾斜潮汐振幅与理论振幅的比值[9]。从物理意义上看，潮汐因子指标可反映地壳介质对引潮力响应的弹性状态，当数据以逐月、连续的潮汐因子序列图表示时，图中曲线则表现弹性状态随时间的变化，因此其与地壳介质的应力-应变状态存在联系。岩石实验结果可反映应力-应变曲线上的特征点与变形的阶段性变化特征，包括稳速变化段α、扩容状态段β1、失稳段β2和震前突变段γC[10]；岩石物理性质发生改变，潮汐参数可能就会出现变化。由图3可知，燕子沟台VP垂直摆倾斜仪在主震前潮汐因子变化波动不大；姑咱台VP垂直摆倾斜仪和水管仪基本准同步变化，在2022-06相继出现γ值逐渐增大的现象，并存在超出2倍均方差的异常变化，8月开始逐渐下降，在下降过程中发生泸定6.8级地震，然后经历下降-回升过程，在回升过程中(2023-01-26)发生5.6级余震。姑咱台伸缩仪在主震发生前的2022-06-08三分量分别都出现γ值增加和减弱的起伏异常变化，并存在接近2倍均方差的异常变化。可以看出，此次地震几乎都发生在姑咱台仪器γ值的高值上升趋势变化中，反映了区域观测场地的介质弹性参数及其地壳介质的物性变化特征。
2.4 燕子沟台重力异常
燕子沟台重力观测采用gPhone重力仪，该仪器稳定性良好。由图4可知，2022-04-09曲线出现转折并加速下降，下降幅度约为529 μGal，04-09 16:46—23:59因停电造成短时间缺数，记录恢复后曲线还是继续加速下降，至到2022-09-04曲线又开始出现加速上升，上升幅度约为789 μGal。为了更清楚地提取异常，使用20阶一般多项式拟合方法对原始曲线进行计算，在原始数据与拟合差值曲线上可以更清楚地分辨出异常变化(图5)。地震一般发生在曲线回升峰值的前后段，由此可知，异常的转折和回升就是进入短临异常的标志(图5)。对比2022年重力资料可知，整体高频变化的情况均较少，但2022-08开始高频信号逐渐增多并增强(图6)，这可能是孕震过程进入临震前的一个短临异常现象。
2.5 天全台钻孔应变异常
天全台RZB型分量式钻孔应变仪安装深度为58 m。仪器北南分量和东西分量在2022-08-20由之前的张性转变成压性，加速压性过程中发生6.8级地震(图7)，地震后持续受压至2022-12，在2022-12底开始由压性转变为张性，在张性变化过程中发生泸定5.6级地震。北东分量和北西分量也为持续张性状态。地震发生后，四川省地震局形变学科组在2023-01-16邀请专家到现场对仪器进行检测，选取天全台RZB-2型四分量钻孔应变仪2022-12-15-2023-01-15的数据计算2组面应变，绘制检验自检性能的面应变曲线(图8)。结果表明，2组面应变一致性较好[11]，设备工作正常。由此可知，天全台钻孔应变张性加速后转压性的过程是临震前的异常变化，对泸定6.8级地震和泸定震群的前兆指示意义较好。
2.6 异常特征分析
泸定6.8级地震前，震中100 km范围内的燕子沟台垂直摆倾斜仪和重力仪，姑咱台垂直摆倾斜仪、水管仪和伸缩仪，天全台钻孔应变仪都分别出现中、短期异常(表2)。地壳形变观测反映的是相对变化，对震前区域孕震应力应变信息会有不同程度的反映。当构造应力积累到一定程度时，岩石介质会产生破裂而使地壳形变发生急剧变化。许多理论研究认为，在地震孕震过程中，地壳形变方向和速率都会发生较大改变，如在弹塑模式或实验室研究中的弹塑阶段和破裂阶段以及理论中的扩容阶段。另外，在长期的形变观测中也积累了很多震前形变长期趋势发生改变的案例。因此，地壳形变长期趋势变化异常，实际上反映的是地震孕震过程，其物理机制是非常清楚的。
3 结语
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四川形变台站较少，在中强地震前有多个台站能记录到震前异常变化较为不易，特别是在构造区域相关而且又相对集中的台站异常变化，也为本文观测仪器的可靠性和数据的应用提供了很好的基础。通过对比分析长条型仪器可知，异常转折点基本都是在准同步时间上，潮汐因子异常出现在燕子沟台VP垂直摆倾斜仪、姑咱台水管仪和伸缩仪。燕子沟重力数据在震前存在明显的凹形异常变化。从时间上看，离震中较近的异常出现时间较早，持续时间也较长，离震中较远的异常出现时间稍晚，持续时间较短。重点监测区的台站观测密度不够，资料异常分析受限，尽管地震前出现的前兆异常数量、幅度、持续时间等存在较大差异，但异常点在地质构造上基本上都与震中存在直接或间接的联系。
基金
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  • 泸定地震灾后重建项目
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.217
  • 接收时间：2024-05-10
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-10
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Reconstruction Project of Luding Earthquake
泸定地震灾后重建项目
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    1 四川省地震局, 成都市人民南路三段29号, 610041
    2 四川省地震局康定地震监测中心站, 四川省康定市银河路47号, 626001
    3 雅安市应急管理局, 四川省雅安市宁雅路66号, 625000
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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