Article(id=1322940675225953216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940449979244751, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.166, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712764800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343236023, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343236023, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343236023, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343236023, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940449979244751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='221', pageEnd='330', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741968000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343182320, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343182320, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=239, endPage=243, 278, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322940678161966017, articleId=1322940675225953216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Comparative Analysis and Accuracy Evaluation of BDS/GNSS Deformation Monitoring Methods in Reservoir Canyon Areas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the mobile Beidou deformation monitoring system at Xiluodu hydropower station, we per- form the horizontal deformation simulation experiment. The static differential positioning, post-processed kinematic positioning and precise point positioning methods are employed to compute actual displacements and evaluate accuracy. The results indicate that the accuracy of single BDS and GPS+BDS dual systems is consistent. The static differential method has the highest accuracy, with the external coincidence accuracy of dual systems and single BDS better than 0. 5 mm and 0. 7 mm, respectively. The baseline differential method can effectively eliminate interference from dam area water vapor, ionospheric and multipath errors through 24 hours long-term observations. The maximum errors of PPK for dual systems and single BDS are 0.5 mm and 1 mm, respectively, while under dynamic PPP are 1. 7 mm and 1 mm, respectively. This shows thatPPK and PPP can also achieve deformation monitoring results close to 1 mm, demonstrating significant application potential.

, authors=Zhiyong QI1, 2, Yanpian MAO1, Rongxin FANG3, *, Xinghui HU3, Zhengyang TANG1, 2, Dawen TAN1, Xuhuang DU1, Chunyao HOU1, Shirong YE3, authorsList=Zhiyong QI, Yanpian MAO, Rongxin FANG, Xinghui HU, Zhengyang TANG, Dawen TAN, Xuhuang DU, Chunyao HOU, Shirong YE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rongxin FANG, authorNote=

QI Zhiyong, senior engineer, majors in deformation monitoring of high dams and large reservoirs and dam safety diagnosis, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322940687859196881, articleId=1322940675225953216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=水库峡谷区北斗/GNSS变形监测方法对比分析与精度评估, columnId=1322506197874356701, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地壳运动, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于溪洛渡水电站的可移动北斗变形监测系统,利用GNSS测站水平变形模拟实验,开展静态差分、事后动态差分(PPK)和动态精密单点定位(PPP)3种方法对比分析与形变监测精度评估。结果表明,单BDS与GPS+BDS双系统的观测精度相当,在3种解算方法中,静态差分精度最高,双系统和单BDS的外符合精度分别优于0.5 mm和0.7 mm,基线差分方法通过24 h长时序观测能够更加有效地消除坝区水汽干扰和电离层及多路径误差;动态PPK双系统和单BDS结果的最大误差分别为0.5 mm和1 mm,动态PPP分别为1.7 mm和1 mm,说明PPK和PPP也能获得精度接近1 mm的形变监测结果,具有较大的应用潜力。

, authors=齐智勇1, 2, 毛延翩1, 方荣新3, *, 胡星辉3, 汤正阳1, 2, 谭大文1, 都旭煌1, 侯春尧1, 叶世榕3, authorsList=齐智勇, 毛延翩, 方荣新, 胡星辉, 汤正阳, 谭大文, 都旭煌, 侯春尧, 叶世榕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=方荣新, authorNote=

齐智勇,高级工程师,主要从事高坝大库变形监测和大坝安全诊断研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

方荣新,博士,教授,主要从事北斗/GNSS高精度定位及其应用研究,E-mail:

FANG Rongxin, PhD, professor, majorsin Beidou/GNSS high-precision positioning andits application, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=69eaErbkodKhIeIPGJh+wA==, magXml=AgcVueozRkEOJcbuVDv8Zg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=27nMDT6ZHTJypKrHeXBQ5w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZgkW3njrm+PtN1tYMyvxyg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322940693253071837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940675225953216, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qi_zhiyong@ctg.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322940693651530720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940675225953216, authorId=1322940693253071837, language=EN, stringName=Zhiyong QI, firstName=Zhiyong, middleName=null, lastName=QI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 China Yangtze Power Co Ltd, 88 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430014, China
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QI Zhiyong, senior engineer, majors in deformation monitoring of high dams and large reservoirs and dam safety diagnosis, E-mail:

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Statistics of deformation monitoring results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
移动监测站 基准站 基线长/m 北方向形变量/mm 东方向形变量/mm
GPS+BDS BDS GPS+BDS BDS
TN3n VDR5 886 1.6 0.2 -14.2 -13.2
VDL5 103 1.7 1.7 -13.4 -13.2
TN14 VDR5 718 -1.7 -2.4 -13.5 -13.8
VDL5 1 250 -0.6 3.0 -13.0 -13.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322940708641972255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940675225953216, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

形变监测结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
移动监测站 基准站 基线长/m 北方向形变量/mm 东方向形变量/mm
GPS+BDS BDS GPS+BDS BDS
TN3n VDR5 886 1.6 0.2 -14.2 -13.2
VDL5 103 1.7 1.7 -13.4 -13.2
TN14 VDR5 718 -1.7 -2.4 -13.5 -13.8
VDL5 1 250 -0.6 3.0 -13.0 -13.0
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水库峡谷区北斗/GNSS变形监测方法对比分析与精度评估
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齐智勇 1, 2 , 毛延翩 1 , 方荣新 3, * , 胡星辉 3 , 汤正阳 1, 2 , 谭大文 1 , 都旭煌 1 , 侯春尧 1 , 叶世榕 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地壳运动 2025,45(3): 239-243, 278
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地壳运动 2025 , 45 (3) : 239 -243, 278
水库峡谷区北斗/GNSS变形监测方法对比分析与精度评估
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齐智勇1, 2 , 毛延翩1, 方荣新3, * , 胡星辉3, 汤正阳1, 2, 谭大文1, 都旭煌1, 侯春尧1, 叶世榕3
作者信息
  • 1 中国长江电力股份有限公司, 武汉市三阳路88号, 430014
  • 2 湖北省智慧水电技术创新中心, 武汉市三阳路88号, 430014
  • 3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
通讯作者:

方荣新,博士,教授,主要从事北斗/GNSS高精度定位及其应用研究,E-mail:

FANG Rongxin, PhD, professor, majorsin Beidou/GNSS high-precision positioning andits application, E-mail:

作者简介:

齐智勇,高级工程师,主要从事高坝大库变形监测和大坝安全诊断研究,E-mail:

Comparative Analysis and Accuracy Evaluation of BDS/GNSS Deformation Monitoring Methods in Reservoir Canyon Areas
Zhiyong QI1, 2 , Yanpian MAO1, Rongxin FANG3, * , Xinghui HU3, Zhengyang TANG1, 2, Dawen TAN1, Xuhuang DU1, Chunyao HOU1, Shirong YE3
Affiliations
  • 1 China Yangtze Power Co Ltd, 88 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430014, China
  • 2 Hubei Technology Innovation Centerfor Smart Hydropower, 88 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430014, China
  • 3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
  • QI Zhiyong, senior engineer, majors in deformation monitoring of high dams and large reservoirs and dam safety diagnosis, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.166
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基于溪洛渡水电站的可移动北斗变形监测系统,利用GNSS测站水平变形模拟实验,开展静态差分、事后动态差分(PPK)和动态精密单点定位(PPP)3种方法对比分析与形变监测精度评估。结果表明,单BDS与GPS+BDS双系统的观测精度相当,在3种解算方法中,静态差分精度最高,双系统和单BDS的外符合精度分别优于0.5 mm和0.7 mm,基线差分方法通过24 h长时序观测能够更加有效地消除坝区水汽干扰和电离层及多路径误差;动态PPK双系统和单BDS结果的最大误差分别为0.5 mm和1 mm,动态PPP分别为1.7 mm和1 mm,说明PPK和PPP也能获得精度接近1 mm的形变监测结果,具有较大的应用潜力。

大坝变形监测  /  北斗  /  差分定位  /  精密单点定位

Based on the mobile Beidou deformation monitoring system at Xiluodu hydropower station, we per- form the horizontal deformation simulation experiment. The static differential positioning, post-processed kinematic positioning and precise point positioning methods are employed to compute actual displacements and evaluate accuracy. The results indicate that the accuracy of single BDS and GPS+BDS dual systems is consistent. The static differential method has the highest accuracy, with the external coincidence accuracy of dual systems and single BDS better than 0. 5 mm and 0. 7 mm, respectively. The baseline differential method can effectively eliminate interference from dam area water vapor, ionospheric and multipath errors through 24 hours long-term observations. The maximum errors of PPK for dual systems and single BDS are 0.5 mm and 1 mm, respectively, while under dynamic PPP are 1. 7 mm and 1 mm, respectively. This shows thatPPK and PPP can also achieve deformation monitoring results close to 1 mm, demonstrating significant application potential.

dam deformation monitoring  /  BDS  /  differential positioning  /  precise point positioning
齐智勇, 毛延翩, 方荣新, 胡星辉, 汤正阳, 谭大文, 都旭煌, 侯春尧, 叶世榕. 水库峡谷区北斗/GNSS变形监测方法对比分析与精度评估. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (3) : 239 -243, 278 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.166
Zhiyong QI, Yanpian MAO, Rongxin FANG, Xinghui HU, Zhengyang TANG, Dawen TAN, Xuhuang DU, Chunyao HOU, Shirong YE. Comparative Analysis and Accuracy Evaluation of BDS/GNSS Deformation Monitoring Methods in Reservoir Canyon Areas[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (3) : 239 -243, 278 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.166
水电站作为水利工程的重要组成部分,其安全运行对于推动经济发展和保障生态平衡具有重大意义。水电站坝区变形监测系统通过实时掌握大坝变形情况,及时识别和分析潜在隐患,可提升防灾减灾和应急响应能力,是确保水库大坝持续稳定运行的有力保障[1],但传统人工监测方式存在效率低、误差大和成本高等诸多不足,无法满足高精度和高可靠性的监测要求[2]。全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)具有全天候运行、环境适应性强、实时响应速度快和观测精度高等诸多优势,已成为大坝变形监测的重要手段之一[3-7]。随着我国北斗三号卫星导航系统(BDS-3)正式建成组网,建立规模化、体系化的北斗产业成为大众日益关注的焦点。我国作为世界上水库大坝最多的国家,研制基于北斗系统的高精度定位算法和监测基准体系对于维护大坝持续稳定运行具有重要意义[8-10]。
目前北斗系统在水库大坝工程中的应用仍处于推广阶段,研究高精度误差改正算法,对比不同定位模式在实际工程中的应用效果,对于构建全自动大坝变形监测系统具有重要作用。本文基于溪洛渡水电站北斗变形监测实验测试系统,选择新建监测站进行微动实验,模拟实地变形,并通过静态差分、事后动态差分(PPK)和动态精密单点定位(PPP)3种测量技术,解算GPS+BDS组合和单BDS观测数据,得到站点实验前后的位置变化,全方位分析和验证系统监测精度和运行保障能力,为后续建立北斗监测预警平台提供技术支撑。
GNSS差分定位基于2台或2台以上接收机的同步观测数据,通过作差构造虚拟观测方程,并利用最小二乘原理解算观测点间的基线向量。差分定位包括静态差分、动态RTK、动态PPK和网络RTK等多种测量技术,根据作差模式不同,一般可分为单差、双差和三差;根据作差基准不同,可分为星间求差、站间求差和历元间求差。在实际应用中,由于构成基线的站点位置相对固定,在某些系统误差上具有一定的相似性,使用不同的作差模式和基准组合可实现不同的误差改正或削弱效果,获得更高精度的相对位置关系。
目前应用最广泛的是在站间和星间分别求差的双差观测,不仅可消除卫星和接收机端的公共误差,还能进一步削弱电离层和对流层延迟的影响[11]。伪距和载波相位的站星双差观测方程为:
$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\nabla \Delta P_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}=\nabla \Delta \rho_{\mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}+\nabla \Delta T_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}+ \\\nabla \Delta I_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}+\nabla \Delta \varepsilon_p \\\lambda_j \nabla \Delta \varphi_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}=\nabla \Delta \rho_{\mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}+\nabla \Delta T_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}- \\\nabla \Delta I_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}+\lambda_j \nabla \Delta N_{j, \mathrm{rs}}^{\mathrm{hi}}+\nabla \Delta \varepsilon_{\varphi}\end{array}\right.$
式中,$\nabla \Delta$为双差算子;h、i、r、s为2颗卫星和2台接收机;P、φ分别为伪距和载波观测值;λj为j频率的载波相位波长;ρ为卫星与接收机天线相位中心之间的距离;T、I分别为对流层和电离层延迟改正;N为整周模糊度;ε为观测噪声。
本文收集微动实验前后各7 d的30 s采样率数据和实验当天的1 s采样率数据,选择武汉大学自研软件,分别采用静态差分和动态PPK解算方法,通过GPS和BDS双频数据构造站星双差观测方程,配合国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)发布的广播星历,计算静态和动态基线解。针对水库峡谷地区,以15°作为卫星截止高度角,并采用高度角随机模型进行定权。
PPP技术利用地面分析中心发布的轨道和钟差等精密产品,在改正各项误差的基础上,通过非差方式直接获取接收机的精确位置坐标。该方法可综合利用伪距和载波相位观测,无需基准站即可在任意地点实现高精度测量。PPP通常使用双频无电离层组合观测值构造方程,消除一阶电离层延迟的影响[12]。令α=f12/(f12-f22), β=f22/(f12-f22),伪距和载波相位的无电离层组合观测方程为:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}P_{\mathrm{IF}}=\alpha P_{1, \mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}-\beta P_{2, \mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}=\rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}+c\left(t_{\mathrm{r}}-t^{\mathrm{i}}\right)+T_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}+ \\\quad b_{\mathrm{IF}, \mathrm{r}}-b_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{i}}+\varepsilon_{P_{\mathrm{IF}}} \\\mathit{Φ}_{\mathrm{IF}}=\alpha \mathit{Φ}_{1, \mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}-\beta \mathit{Φ}_{2, \mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}=\rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}+c\left(t_{\mathrm{r}}-t^{\mathrm{i}}\right)+T_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}+ \\\alpha \lambda_1 N_{1, \mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}-\beta \lambda_2 N_{2, \mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{i}}+B_{\mathrm{IF}, \mathrm{r}}-B_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{i}}+\varepsilon_{\mathit{Φ}_{\mathrm{IF}}}\end{array}\right.$
式中,c为光速;tr、ti分别为接收机和卫星端钟差;bIF, r、bIFi分别为接收机和卫星的伪距硬件延迟组合;BIF, r、BIFi分别为接收机和卫星的相位延迟组合;其余符号与式(1)表述一致。
基于微动实验当天的1 s采样率数据,利用武汉大学自研的PPP处理软件,构建GPS和BDS双频无电离层组合观测值,使用武汉大学IGS数据中心发布的快速精密轨道、相位偏差和钟差产品(WUM),对流层误差采用Saastamoinen模型和GMF投影函数进行改正,天线相位缠绕、相对论效应、潮汐效应、地球自转等误差采用模型进行改正,卫星截止高度角设置为15°。由于GEO卫星轨道误差较大,对BDS系统GEO卫星进行适当降权处理,通过批处理最小二乘方法计算站点的绝对位置坐标。
溪洛渡水电站位于四川省雷波县和云南省永善县接壤的溪洛渡峡谷,是金沙江下游4个水电梯级中的第3个梯级。溪洛渡工程为双曲拱坝,坝高285.5 m,正常蓄水位600 m,是长江防洪体系的重要组成部分[13]。实验使用坝区内4个北斗监测站点数据(图1),所用监测设备全部为国产高精度接收机,可稳定接收北斗信号,并已于2023-07开始提供持续的北斗/GNSS站点观测数据。
为充分验证溪洛渡坝区GNSS监测系统的稳定性和可靠性,在2023-09-11(doy254)利用精度为0.1 mm的水平移动装置(由游标卡尺精确测量)将TN3n和TN14两个监测站点朝正西向人为移动14 mm,以模拟实地变形。选择VDL5和VDR5为基准站,采集4个站点位移前后各7 d(doy246-259)的30 s采样率原始观测数据和位移当天的1 s采样率观测数据,通过静态差分、动态PPK和动态PPP三种不同的定位手段,在GPS+BDS组合和单BDS模式下全方位分析系统监测精度。
分别以VDL5和VDR5为基准站,与TN3n和TN14站点构成短基线,进行GPS+BDS组合和单BDS模式下的静态差分解算,得到doy246-259的基线三维坐标结果,并与人为移动量进行对比。以105°E为中央子午线,将基线X、Y、Z分量通过高斯投影到北方向和东方向,并以doy246结果为基准,其后每天结果与之作差,得到不同方向上的形变时间序列。
从图2可以看出,当基准站不同时,基线长度越长,解算结果精度越低。图2(b)中以VDL5为基准的TN14形变序列在微动实验前后均出现明显波动,可能是由于坝区水汽环境复杂,该基线长达1.2 km,差分结果中仍含有一定的对流层延迟残余,对精度造成一定影响。对比GPS+BDS组合和单BDS结果发现,其余基线长度在变化趋势和变化大小上均十分吻合,在东方向出现明显位移,与实验预期相符。
表1为监测站位移前后的形变量统计结果,其中北方向变化在3 mm以内,东方向由GPS+BDS双系统解算的TN3n和TN14平均形变量分别为-13.8 mm和-13.3 mm,由单BDS解算的平均形变量分别为-13.2 mm和-13.4 mm,二者基本相当,均与人为移动量十分接近,精度表现较优。
基于doy254的1 s采样率数据,选择VDL5作为基准站,分别与TN3n和TN14监测站构成短基线,进行GPS+BDS组合和单BDS模式下的PPK解算。将基线结果投影到以105°E为中央子午线的高斯投影带上,得到北方向和东方向坐标序列。
对比图3中TN3n和TN14站点的动态解算结果可以看出,在UTC 01:21和00:50左右,2个站点在东方向均出现基线长度明显减小的现象。通过计算微动实验前后10 min的基线长度均值发现,由GPS+BDS双系统解算的TN3n和TN14平均形变量分别为14.0 mm和14.5 mm,单BDS解算的平均形变量分别为13.3 mm和15.0 mm,与实验记录差值最大不超过1.0 mm,整体差异较小。此外,北方向2个站点的形变量均在5 mm范围内上下浮动,并未出现永久形变。
PPK解算精度略低于静态差分结果,这主要是因为PPK方法对于动态数据虽综合多个历元来固定模糊度,但无更多的观测冗余,有时会出现固定错误的情况;静态差分技术在处理数据时用于解算同一模糊度参数的历元较多,可利用长时间的观测数据进行误差修正和数据平滑,进而提升精度。
分别对TN3n和TN14站点的1 s采样率数据进行GPS+BDS组合和单BDS模式下的动态PPP解算,绘制位移前后共200 s的位置坐标在E、N、U方向的变化序列,并对微动前后历元均值(图4中红色直线)作差,计算具体形变量。
由图4可知,GPS+BDS双系统解算的TN3n和TN14站点东方向平均形变量分别为13.5 mm和16.9 mm,与实验记录相差0.5 mm和2.9 mm;单BDS解算的平均形变量分别为14.1 mm和15.8 mm,与实验记录相差0.1 mm和1.8 mm;北方向形变序列保持在10 mm以下,与PPP技术的精度水平相符。
动态PPP结果显示,GPS+BDS双系统组合和单BDS系统均能检测出1 mm左右的形变量,二者整体精度水平相当。PPP整体解算精度略低于基线解,特别是在TN14站点上,其原因为相比于差分方法通过双差消除轨道、钟差和大气延迟等误差,PPP通过精密轨道、钟差产品和模型改正无法达到与差分基线解相同的效果。但在此次实验中,该方法仍能很好地捕捉到形变信息,表明现有系统有能力通过不同数据处理手段满足坝区形变监测的要求。
本文在溪洛渡水电站坝区高边坡区域利用0.1 mm精度水平移动装置,人为水平移动天线进行滑坡体变形模拟,对比分析在GPS+BDS组合和单BDS系统下静态差分、PPK和PPP三种高精度定位方法在水库峡谷区的实际测量精度。结果表明,单BDS观测精度与GPS+BDS组合相当,仅在部分天中存在细微差异。在3种解算方法中,静态差分精度最高,GPS+BDS组合和单BDS解算的TN3n和TN14站点平均位移结果与人为移动量的差异分别为0.5 mm和0.7 mm;在PPK方法下,双系统和单BDS结果的最大误差分别为0.5 mm和1 mm;PPP方法解算精度略低,双系统和单BDS结果的最大误差分别为1.7 mm和1 mm。综上可知,水库峡谷区的北斗/GNSS变形监测系统在3种不同的数据处理策略下均能监测出mm级形变量,且这些方法的解算结果具有很好的一致性,可作为系统稳健性估计的重要参考。后续研究可通过优势互补,满足大坝工程实际应用场景下高可靠性和高稳定性的形变监测需求。随着后续水库峡谷区北斗/GNSS长时序数据的积累和更多实验数据的测试,有望实现多种算法的融合互补和高鲁棒性近坝区高边坡GNSS变形监测预警模型和软件平台的搭建。
  • 中国长江电力股份有限公司项目(Z152202016)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42274025)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U2340228)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.166
  • 接收时间:2024-04-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-11
基金
Project of China Yangtze Power Co Ltd(Z152202016)
中国长江电力股份有限公司项目(Z152202016)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42274025)
国家自然科学基金(42274025)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2340228)
国家自然科学基金(U2340228)
作者信息
    1 中国长江电力股份有限公司, 武汉市三阳路88号, 430014
    2 湖北省智慧水电技术创新中心, 武汉市三阳路88号, 430014
    3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079

通讯作者:

方荣新,博士,教授,主要从事北斗/GNSS高精度定位及其应用研究,E-mail:

FANG Rongxin, PhD, professor, majorsin Beidou/GNSS high-precision positioning andits application, E-mail:

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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