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Article(id=1322940548776067088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940449979244751, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.164, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712678400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343205875, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343205875, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343205875, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343205875, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940449979244751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='221', pageEnd='330', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741968000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343182320, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343182320, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=325, endPage=330, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322940549166137361, articleId=1322940548776067088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Development and Application of a Portable Apparent Resistivity Observation System Detection Device, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We focus on the apparent resistivity method in earthquake precursor observation, develop a detection device suitable for its observation system, and conduct theoretical simulation and on-site testing on the device. First, we analyze the apparent resistivity measurement system, and point out the shortcomings of existing detection systems. Second, according to the demand analysis of observation system, the corresponding detection index and circuit are designed, and the detection accuracy of instrument is designed to 0.001 level to improve the performance. Finally, the developed device is theoretically simulated using Simulink, and the impact of interference on observation results is compared and studied. Random earthquake observation stations in Gansu region are selected for on-site testing. The results show that the developed device can not only visually display the working status of apparent resistivity measurement system, but also accurately evaluate the real-time superiority and inferiority of apparent resistivity observation system, and fill the gap in detection device of apparent resistivity observation system and provide great convenience for frontline earthquake workers.

, authors=Wei DAO1, Qibin CHEN2, Weidong ZHOU1, authorsList=Wei DAO, Qibin CHEN, Weidong ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

DAO Wei, assistant engineer, majors in geophysical precursor operation and maintenance, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322940555155603504, articleId=1322940548776067088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=便携式地电阻率观测系统检测装置的研制与应用, columnId=1322506256904994864, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=观测技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对地震前兆观测中的地电阻率法，研制出适合其观测系统的检测装置，并对装置进行理论仿真与实地检测。首先，通过对地电阻率测量系统进行剖析，指出现有检测系统的不足；然后，根据观测系统需求进行分析，设计对应的检测指标和电路，并将仪器检测精度设计至0.001级别，提升设备性能；最后，借助Simulink工具对检测装置进行理论仿真，对比研究干扰对观测结果的影响，并随机选取甘肃地区地震观测台站进行实地检测。结果表明，检测装置不仅能直观展示地电地阻率测量系统的工作状态，而且能精准评价地电阻率观测系统的实时优劣性，填补地电阻率观测系统检测装置的空白，为地震一线工作人员提供极大便利。

, authors=道伟1, 陈奇彬2, 周卫东1, authorsList=道伟, 陈奇彬, 周卫东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

道伟，助理工程师，主要从事地球物理前兆运维研究，E-mail：

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DAO Wei, assistant engineer, majors in geophysical precursor operation and maintenance, E-mail:

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DAO Wei, assistant engineer, majors in geophysical precursor operation and maintenance, E-mail:

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道伟，助理工程师，主要从事地球物理前兆运维研究，E-mail：

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道伟，助理工程师，主要从事地球物理前兆运维研究，E-mail：

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China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2022, 44 (4): 945- 952, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322940574218715268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940548776067088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=30, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=14, authorNames=孙会丽, journalName=辽宁师专学报: 自然科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙会丽. 浅谈纹波电压及纹波系数[J]. 辽宁师专学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 11 (4): 30, articleTitle=浅谈纹波电压及纹波系数, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322940574323572869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940548776067088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=30, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Sun Huili, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Sun Huili . Discussion on Ripple Voltage and Ripple Coefficient[J]. 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DB/T 29.1-2008 Technical Requirements of Instruments in Network for Earthquake Monitoring. Geoelectrical Meters. Part 1: Diret Current Meter for Geoelectrical Resistivity[S]. 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Ripple factor test record

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测试地点 直流电压表读数Vd/V 交流电压表读数Va/V 纹波因数γ/%
西北片区维修中心 200 0.012 0.006 0
陇南汉王台 200 0.009 0.004 5
兰州台 200 0.001 0.000 5
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纹波因数测试记录

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测试地点 直流电压表读数Vd/V 交流电压表读数Va/V 纹波因数γ/%
西北片区维修中心 200 0.012 0.006 0
陇南汉王台 200 0.009 0.004 5
兰州台 200 0.001 0.000 5
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Current stability test records

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测试地点 设定电流I/A 电流漂移量ΔI/A 电流稳定度ε/%
西北片区维修中心 2 0.001 0.05
陇南汉王台 2 0.002 0.10
兰州台 2 0.004 0.20
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电流稳定性测试记录

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测试地点 设定电流I/A 电流漂移量ΔI/A 电流稳定度ε/%
西北片区维修中心 2 0.001 0.05
陇南汉王台 2 0.002 0.10
兰州台 2 0.004 0.20
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便携式地电阻率观测系统检测装置的研制与应用
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道伟 1 , 陈奇彬 2 , 周卫东 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 观测技术 2025,45(3): 325-330
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大地测量与地球动力学 |观测技术 2025 , 45 (3) : 325 -330
便携式地电阻率观测系统检测装置的研制与应用
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道伟1 , 陈奇彬2, 周卫东1
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃省地震局, 兰州市东岗西路450号, 730000
  • 2 国网阜阳市城郊供电公司, 安徽省阜阳市阜王路616号, 236000
作者简介:

道伟，助理工程师，主要从事地球物理前兆运维研究，E-mail：

Development and Application of a Portable Apparent Resistivity Observation System Detection Device
Wei DAO1 , Qibin CHEN2, Weidong ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Gansu Earthquake Agency, 450 West-Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2 State Grid Fuyang Suburban Power Supply Company, 616 Fuwang Road, Fuyang 236000, China

    • DAO Wei, assistant engineer, majors in geophysical precursor operation and maintenance, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.164
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摘要
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针对地震前兆观测中的地电阻率法，研制出适合其观测系统的检测装置，并对装置进行理论仿真与实地检测。首先，通过对地电阻率测量系统进行剖析，指出现有检测系统的不足；然后，根据观测系统需求进行分析，设计对应的检测指标和电路，并将仪器检测精度设计至0.001级别，提升设备性能；最后，借助Simulink工具对检测装置进行理论仿真，对比研究干扰对观测结果的影响，并随机选取甘肃地区地震观测台站进行实地检测。结果表明，检测装置不仅能直观展示地电地阻率测量系统的工作状态，而且能精准评价地电阻率观测系统的实时优劣性，填补地电阻率观测系统检测装置的空白，为地震一线工作人员提供极大便利。

地电阻率  /  测量系统  /  检测装置

We focus on the apparent resistivity method in earthquake precursor observation, develop a detection device suitable for its observation system, and conduct theoretical simulation and on-site testing on the device. First, we analyze the apparent resistivity measurement system, and point out the shortcomings of existing detection systems. Second, according to the demand analysis of observation system, the corresponding detection index and circuit are designed, and the detection accuracy of instrument is designed to 0.001 level to improve the performance. Finally, the developed device is theoretically simulated using Simulink, and the impact of interference on observation results is compared and studied. Random earthquake observation stations in Gansu region are selected for on-site testing. The results show that the developed device can not only visually display the working status of apparent resistivity measurement system, but also accurately evaluate the real-time superiority and inferiority of apparent resistivity observation system, and fill the gap in detection device of apparent resistivity observation system and provide great convenience for frontline earthquake workers.

apparent resistivity  /  measurement system  /  detection device
道伟, 陈奇彬, 周卫东. 便携式地电阻率观测系统检测装置的研制与应用. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (3) : 325 -330 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.164
Wei DAO, Qibin CHEN, Weidong ZHOU. Development and Application of a Portable Apparent Resistivity Observation System Detection Device[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (3) : 325 -330 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.164
正文
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地电阻率观测对中短期地震预报具有重要意义[1]，电阻率勘探方法[2]受局部环境干扰小，能通过数据直观观察地下深部应力变化[3]。1966年邢台地震后，地电阻率法开始被规范化与规模化用于地震前兆观测的连续定点观测[4]，迄今为止已有近60 a的观测历史。然而，随着地电阻率法测量手段的不断完善以及地震科技的不断创新，仪器的标准化测量已成为亟待解决的问题。
地电阻率观测系统最核心的2台仪器分别为地电阻率测量仪与稳流电源。要获得精准的地电阻率数据，就必须保证地电阻率测量仪和稳流电源的稳定性和可靠性。常用的观测系统检测方法包括观测仪器标定、供电设备性能测试和观测系统误差检测等，其中观测仪器标定可通过直流电位差计、标准电池完成，供电稳定性由运维人员使用电路元件组装回路完成检测。
目前，运维人员一般采用电炉丝代替负载电阻，结合万用表读取数据，以计算纹波因数与电流稳定度。但检测中电炉丝会产生较高温度，具有极大安全隐患；同时，这种检测设备中常用的万用表精度低、不便于携带，会给检测工作带来诸多不便，该检测方法还无法测量观测系统的整体误差。为满足地电阻率仪器的检测需求，提高地电阻率观测质量与运维工作效率，实现资源优化整合，开发一种便携式专业检测设备具有必要性。
1 观测原理
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国内现有的地电阻率观测台站大多采用地表对称四极装置的直流供电观测系统[5]，该系统由测量系统(测量仪器、供电设备等)和装置系统(电极、外线路、避雷系统等)共同组成。本文研制的检测设备是针对测量系统设计的，旨在检测测量系统的误差精度。
地电阻率观测原理见图1，图中A、M、N、B四个接地点代表地下4个电极，地震行业要求电极深埋在1.5 m左右，A、B电极构成的回路称为供电极，长度一般要求大于1 000 m，M、N电极构成的回路称为测量极，长度为AB的1/5~1/3[6]。电流从电源流出，在供电极形成稳定的人工电场，供电极AB回路的电流大小为I，在测量极MN通过电压检测装置测得电压为ΔU，则可根据地电阻率公式求得该地区的地电阻率ρs[7]：
$\rho_s=K \frac{\Delta U}{I}$
式中，K为装置系数，大小由极距确定：
$K=\frac{2 \mathtt{π}}{\frac{1}{A M}-\frac{1}{A N}-\frac{1}{B M}+\frac{1}{B N}}$
2 系统设计
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根据地震行业规范要求，研制仪器必须具备2项基本功能：稳流电源纹波因数检查和电流稳定性检查。本文研制的仪器在此基础上加入整体性误差测量功能，以提高仪器的检测精度。考虑到地震台站大多布设在野外，须设计出集上述功能于一体的便捷式轻巧设备，便于运维人员野外携带。
2.1 纹波因数检查
理想状态下，电源输出的应当是完全稳定的直流信号，但实际仪器中常包含交流成分。纹波因数可描述输出电压中的纹波成分[8]，通常用于评估电源或电子仪器设备正常运行的稳定性。通过计算纹波因数，可评估稳流电源电压的稳定性，计算公式为：
$\gamma=\frac{U_a}{U_d} \times 100 \%$
式中，Ua为稳流电源的纹波输出电压；Ud为稳流电源的直流输出电压。根据地震行业规范要求，纹波因数γ＜0.5%为合格。为实现Ua与Ud的测量，设计电路见图2，其中电容C1、C2均为0.47 μF/400 V，额定负载电阻RL为100 Ω，电阻R为10 kΩ/W。
2.2 电流稳定性检查
地电阻率计算公式中的电流I由稳流电源提供，可见稳定的电流是计算地电阻率的关键。对电流稳定性进行检查能直观分析稳流电源参与观测系统的影响，电流稳定性可通过电流稳定度ε来衡量。电流I的漂移量记为ΔI，根据地震行业规范要求，电流稳定度应满足ε≤0.5%，计算公式为：
$\varepsilon=\frac{\Delta I}{I} \times 100 \%$
为实现电流I的测量，设计电路见图3，其中电阻RL取值100 Ω，要求额定功率为1 000 W，直流电流表量程为0~5 A，要求分辨率为0.001 A。
2.3 测量系统整体误差检查
稳流电源与地电阻率观测仪组合系统的整体误差是测量的关键。根据地震观测要求，最大允许误差为±(0.1%读数+0.02 Ωm)[9]。设计如图4所示的电路，图中额定负载电阻RA和RB均为50 Ω，取样标准电阻RI为0.01 Ω，要求准确度等级为0.01级。
2.4 整体装置设计
基于本文电路设计原理，选取合适的元器件，按照纹波因数、整体误差和电流稳定性3个方面布局，完成集3种功能于一体的检测装置研制。同时，考虑到携带需以简单易用为主，设计内部装置布局三维图见图5，在此基础上借鉴常用箱体外壳样式，即可设计出便携实用的目标检测装置。
3 测试结果
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3.1 实验仿真测试
为检验设计电路的实时检测能力与稳定性，加入模拟干扰充当台站仪器误差进行对比观测。考虑到仿真时所用元器件为理想元件，搭建仿真系统时需增加随机干扰信号：
$f(t)=0.01 A \sin (\omega t+\varphi)$
式中，t为时间；A为0~1之间的随机数；频率ω为30 Hz；初相位φ为90°。
3.1.1 纹波因数与电流稳定性检查测试
根据纹波因数设计原理，纹波因数的计算需测得Ua与Ud值；电流稳定性可通过电流稳定度来衡量，稳定度计算需测得电流大小。本文通过搭建Simulink仿真模型来验证设计思路，仿真模型见图6。
系统中稳流电源为可调输出，地震系统多采用2 A电流输出，故仿真波形设计为2 A电流时的波形。按照图6搭建系统，并按前文所述设置其余各元器件参数，得到示波器波形变化见图7。
图7为电流稳定性检查所产生的波形，通过对比可知，本文设计电路具有良好的判断干扰的能力，可实现预期电流稳定性检查的目标。直流电压波形变化见图8，纹波电压波形变化见图9。
对比图8和9可知，无干扰时，所加负载两端的电压变化符合电路理论；直流电压与纹波电压在有干扰时出现显著变化，表明检测系统具有良好的跟随能力，可实现纹波电压测试功能。
3.1.2 系统整体误差测试
将ZD8M、稳流电源、负载电阻RL、取样标准电阻RI串联成模拟测量系统，测试整个系统(包括测量主机、稳流电源)的测量误差。该部分是针对近年来中国地震局标准化测量设计的误差测试，旨在进一步实时检测误差，优化数据。首先，根据地电阻率计算公式可知，ΔV测量至关重要，I经过电流稳定性检测，假定其为理想状态；其次，根据系统整体误差设计原理可得：
$\Delta V=I R_I$
根据式(1)，地电阻率ρs可表示为：
$\rho_s=K \frac{I R_I}{I}=K R_I$
由式(7)可知，RI取样标准电阻非常重要，决定着地电阻率测量的准确性，保证取样电阻与极距的精确性对于测值至关重要。由于K值由极距决定，当布置场地确定时，其值为一个常数。根据以上原理搭建仿真模型，见图10。
在实际情况下，测量时总会伴随有系统误差，因此同样加入干扰信号f(t)。搭建仿真系统，并按前文所述设置其余各元器件参数，得到示波器波形变化，具体结果见图11。
通过图11可知，取样电阻的电压符合检测系统的理论预期值，检测系统可对电压进行实时跟踪、准确测量；当干扰信号出现时，测量系统干扰信号的波形干扰可实时反映在取样电阻电压的变化中，表明检测装置具备良好的实时性与准确性，可适应地电阻率观测系统的检测需求。
3.2 现场测试
经过理论模拟验证，研制目标实物，见图12。该检测装置是针对地电阻率测量检定的专用仪器，故需符合现阶段地震系统的实际测量要求，本文选择甘肃省地震局西北片区前兆维修中心、陇南汉王台、兰州台作为研制仪器的测试点(台站仪器误差符合观测条件)。
3.2.1 纹波因数现场测试
针对所选台站地电阻率观测系统进行测试，纹波因数测试步骤为：
1) 将稳流源的输出端与检测仪面板上的“纹波因数”接线端用专用线连接。
2) 启动检测仪电源开关和稳流源高压开关，调节输出电流至2 A。
3) 在检测仪面板的直流电压表上读取电压值Vd。
4) 观察检测仪面板的交流电压表数值变化，待数值稳定后读取该值Va。
5) 由纹波因数测试记录(表1)可知，3个测试地点的纹波因数都处于正常范围，表明该仪器具备纹波因数检测功能。
3.2.2 电流稳定性检查
1) 将稳流源的输出端与检测仪面板上的“电流稳定性”接线端用专用线连接WL-6B型稳流电源。
2) 依次打开检测仪电源和稳流电源开关，预热约5 min。
3) 启动稳流电源高压开关，调节输出电流至2 A，关闭高压后再启动。根据行业标准《地震地电观测方法地电阻率观测》规定，记录5~60 s内电流的漂移和抖动范围，该范围数值已能检测系统的稳定性。
4) 将检查结果记入观测记录(表2)。由测试记录可知，3个测试地点的电流稳定度都处于正常范围，表明该仪器具备电流稳定性测试功能。
3.2.3 整体性误差测量
1) 将地电阻率仪的其中一个测道与检测仪相互连接。
2) 将该测道的装置系数K依次设置为1 000、2 000、4 000，根据式(7)可得到此时对应的地电阻率标准值为10.00 Ωm、20.00 Ωm、40.00 Ωm。
3) 设置稳流电源的供电电流分别为0.5 A、1 A和2 A左右，启动地电阻率仪。根据行业标准《地震地电观测方法地电阻率观测》规定，对该标准值地电阻率连续测量至少5次，并记录测值。将多次测量结果绘制成误差曲线，可直观观察误差值，并对多次测量结果求均值。当K=1 000时，测量数据见图13，3个测试地点的均值误差分别为0、－0.01、0。根据测量误差要求，误差处于正常范围±0.03以内，表明该仪器在K=1 000时具备整体误差测量功能。
当K=2 000时，测量数据见图14，3个测试地点的均值误差分别为0.02、0、－0.01。根据测量误差要求，误差处于正常范围±0.04以内，表明该仪器在K=2 000时具备整体误差测量功能。
当K=4 000时，测量数据见图15，3个测试地点的均值误差分别为－0.05、0.03、－0.02。根据测量误差要求，误差处于正常范围±0.06以内，表明该仪器在K=4 000时具备整体误差测量功能。
实验结果表明，本文研制的仪器符合预期目标，具备电流稳定性检查、纹波因数测试、整体误差测量3种功能，可用于台站日常检测使用。
4 结语
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地电阻率观测系统检测装置的研发将大大提高工作的安全性与准确性，为地震系统台站运维人员提供更加简便的检测手段。同时，本装置的研发填补了地电阻率观测系统检测装置的空白，可进一步完善地电阻率法在地震系统的应用，保障实时检测地震工作的开展。
基金
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  • 甘肃省地震局地震科技发展基金(KY2303015)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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1
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解滔, 卢军, 闫伟. 地电阻率日变化成因分析[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41 (6): 1464- 1480
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2025年第45卷第3期
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引用本文
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文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.164
  • 接收时间：2024-04-10
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-10
基金
Science and Technology Development Foundation of Gansu Earthquake Agency(KY2303015)
甘肃省地震局地震科技发展基金(KY2303015)
作者信息
    1 甘肃省地震局, 兰州市东岗西路450号, 730000
    2 国网阜阳市城郊供电公司, 安徽省阜阳市阜王路616号, 236000
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