Article(id=1322933571979182161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322933542426116991, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.076, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708617600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341542476, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341542476, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341542476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341542476, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322933542426116991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='110', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341535431, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341535431, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=48, endPage=54, 59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322933572167925842, articleId=1322933571979182161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Determination of Source Parameters of the M4.6 Earthquake in Pulandian, Liaoning Province on August 23, 2023, and Preliminary Judgement of Its Seismogenic Structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

On August 23, 2023, a M4.6 earthquake hit the Pulandian, Liaoning province. To describe the source characteristics of this earthquake, we explore its incubation and seismogenic mechanisms. In this paper we determined the focal depth of the Pulandian M4.6 earthquake, and calculate the focal mechanism solution, moment tensor solution and centroid depth of the earthquake, obtain the center of focal mechanisms of the earthquake. In the same, we analyze the relationship between focal mechanism and tectonic stress field, and fit the fault plane according to the results of small earthquake relocation. We preliminarily determine the seismogenic fault plane of this earthquake. The results show that the initial rupture depth of the Pulandian M4.6 earthquake is 12.0 km. The focal mechanism solution is strike: 50°, dip: 75° and rake: -169° for nodal planeⅠ, strike: 317°, dip: 80°and rake: -15° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the moment magnitude is MW4.8, while the centroid is 12 km. The seismic moment M0 is 1.796×1016 Nm, the moment tensor solution is Mrr: -0.004, Mtt: 0.946, Mpp: -0.942, Mrt: 0.017, Mrp: -0.305, Mtp: -0.125. The center of focal mechanisms solution is strike: 47.03°, dip: 79.04° and rake: -168.15° for nodal planeⅠ, strike: 314.75°, dip: 78.37°and rake: -11.19°for nodal plane Ⅱ. The relative shear stress and relative normal stress generated by the tectonic stress field acting on the nodal plane Ⅰ are 0.877 and -0.544; on nodal plane Ⅱ they are 0.911 and 0.161. The fitted seismogenic fault plane is strike: 148.91°, dip: 89.85° and rake: 26.47°. The analysis shows that the Pulandian M4.6 earthquake occurred on the Pulandian-Changhai NW tectonic belt. It is a natural earthquake that after stress accumulation occurs along the optimal nodal plane of the stress field and takes left-lateral strike-slip as the dislocation mode.

, authors=Yinglei DAI1, Wenjing ZHANG1, *, Xiaodong YANG1, Rui SUO1, Chengwei WANG1, authorsList=Yinglei DAI, Wenjing ZHANG, Xiaodong YANG, Rui SUO, Chengwei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenjing ZHANG, authorNote=

DAI Yinglei, engineer, majors in seismology, tectonics and geodynamics, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved, without authorization, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322933575603060835, articleId=1322933571979182161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=2023-08-23辽宁普兰店M4.6地震震源参数测定及发震构造初判, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

2023-08-23 18:19辽宁省大连市普兰店区发生M4.6地震, 为准确描述本次地震的震源特征, 探讨其孕育和发震机理, 本文通过测定地震的震源深度, 反演震源机制、矩张量及质心深度, 给出震源机制中心解; 同时分析震源机制与构造应力场的关系, 根据小震重定位结果对发震断层面进行拟合, 初步确定了本次地震的发震断层。结果表明, 普兰店M4.6地震初始破裂深度为12.0 km, 震源机制解参数为节面Ⅰ走向50°, 倾伏角75°, 滑动角-169°; 节面Ⅱ走向317°, 倾伏角80°, 滑动角-15°, 矩震级MW4.8, 最优质心深度12 km; 地震矩M0为1.796×1016 Nm, 矩张量解Mrr、Mtt、Mpp、Mrt、Mrp、Mtp分别为-0.004、0.946、-0.942、0.017、-0.305、-0.125;中心解参数为节面Ⅰ走向47.03°, 倾伏角79.04°, 滑动角-168.15°; 节面Ⅱ走向314.75°, 倾伏角78.37°, 滑动角-11.19°。构造应力场作用在中心解节面Ⅰ上的相对剪应力为0.877, 相对正应力为-0.544;投影于节面Ⅱ上的相对剪应力为0.911, 相对正应力为0.161。拟合的断层面走向148.91°, 倾伏角89.85°, 其在构造应力体系下的滑动角为26.47°。综合分析认为, 普兰店M4.6地震发生在NW向普兰店-长海构造带, 是沿应力场最优节面以左旋走滑为错动方式的天然地震。

, authors=戴盈磊1, 张文静1, *, 杨晓东1, 索锐1, 王承伟1, authorsList=戴盈磊, 张文静, 杨晓东, 索锐, 王承伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张文静, authorNote=

戴盈磊, 工程师, 主要从事地震学、大地构造与地球动力学研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

张文静, 工程师, 主要从事地震应急系统研究, E-mail:

ZHANG Wenjing, engineer, majors in earthquake emergency system, E-mail:

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戴盈磊, 工程师, 主要从事地震学、大地构造与地球动力学研究, E-mail:

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articleId=1322933571979182161, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=震源机制), Keyword(id=1322940340642128724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933571979182161, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=构造应力场)], refs=[Reference(id=1322940354776933232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933571979182161, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=17, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=李宇彤, 万波, 李广平, journalName=地震地磁观测与研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李宇彤, 万波, 李广平. 利用现代小地震分布研究1861年辽宁普兰店东6级地震的震中位置和发震构造[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 2010, 31 (1): 17- 24, articleTitle=利用现代小地震分布研究1861年辽宁普兰店东6级地震的震中位置和发震构造, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322940355225723761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933571979182161, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=17, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, 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caption=

The central focal mechanism and standard deviation of Pulandian M4.6 earthquake

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序号 来源 初始解 节面Ⅰ中心解 节面Ⅱ中心解 标准差 最小空间旋转角
走向 倾伏角 滑动角 走向 倾伏角 滑动角 走向 倾伏角 滑动角
1 台网中心自动产出(CAP) 41 85 -165 47.03 79.04 -168.15 314.75 78.37 -11.19 6.651 057 9.33
2 本文(CAP)震源机制解 50 75 -169 47.01 79.07 -168.19 314.74 78.41 -11.16 6.651 173 5.19
3 本文(gCAP)最优双力偶解 50 77 -170 47.01 79.04 -168.19 314.73 78.41 -11.19 6.651 205 4.32
), ArticleFig(id=1322940346065363814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933571979182161, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

普兰店M4.6地震震源机制中心解和标准差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 来源 初始解 节面Ⅰ中心解 节面Ⅱ中心解 标准差 最小空间旋转角
走向 倾伏角 滑动角 走向 倾伏角 滑动角 走向 倾伏角 滑动角
1 台网中心自动产出(CAP) 41 85 -165 47.03 79.04 -168.15 314.75 78.37 -11.19 6.651 057 9.33
2 本文(CAP)震源机制解 50 75 -169 47.01 79.07 -168.19 314.74 78.41 -11.16 6.651 173 5.19
3 本文(gCAP)最优双力偶解 50 77 -170 47.01 79.04 -168.19 314.73 78.41 -11.19 6.651 205 4.32
), ArticleFig(id=1322940348078629735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933571979182161, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Fitting fault plane parameters

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地震数量 走向 倾伏角 滑动角 断层面顶点坐标
值/(°) 标准差/(°) 值/(°) 标准差/(°) 值/(°) 标准差/(°) 经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 深度/km
119 148.91 2.21 89.85 2.53 28.92 8.04 122.07 39.55 1.10
122.07 39.55 24.84
122.25 39.32 24.84
122.25 39.32 1.10
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拟合断层面参数

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地震数量 走向 倾伏角 滑动角 断层面顶点坐标
值/(°) 标准差/(°) 值/(°) 标准差/(°) 值/(°) 标准差/(°) 经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 深度/km
119 148.91 2.21 89.85 2.53 28.92 8.04 122.07 39.55 1.10
122.07 39.55 24.84
122.25 39.32 24.84
122.25 39.32 1.10
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2023-08-23辽宁普兰店M4.6地震震源参数测定及发震构造初判
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戴盈磊 1 , 张文静 1, * , 杨晓东 1 , 索锐 1 , 王承伟 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(1): 48-54, 59
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (1) : 48 -54, 59
2023-08-23辽宁普兰店M4.6地震震源参数测定及发震构造初判
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戴盈磊1 , 张文静1, * , 杨晓东1, 索锐1, 王承伟1
作者信息
  • 1 辽宁省地震局, 沈阳市黄河北大街44号, 110031
通讯作者:

张文静, 工程师, 主要从事地震应急系统研究, E-mail:

ZHANG Wenjing, engineer, majors in earthquake emergency system, E-mail:

作者简介:

戴盈磊, 工程师, 主要从事地震学、大地构造与地球动力学研究, E-mail:

Determination of Source Parameters of the M4.6 Earthquake in Pulandian, Liaoning Province on August 23, 2023, and Preliminary Judgement of Its Seismogenic Structure
Yinglei DAI1 , Wenjing ZHANG1, * , Xiaodong YANG1, Rui SUO1, Chengwei WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Liaoning Earthquake Agency, 44 North-Huanghe Street, Shenyang 110031, China
  • DAI Yinglei, engineer, majors in seismology, tectonics and geodynamics, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.076
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2023-08-23 18:19辽宁省大连市普兰店区发生M4.6地震, 为准确描述本次地震的震源特征, 探讨其孕育和发震机理, 本文通过测定地震的震源深度, 反演震源机制、矩张量及质心深度, 给出震源机制中心解; 同时分析震源机制与构造应力场的关系, 根据小震重定位结果对发震断层面进行拟合, 初步确定了本次地震的发震断层。结果表明, 普兰店M4.6地震初始破裂深度为12.0 km, 震源机制解参数为节面Ⅰ走向50°, 倾伏角75°, 滑动角-169°; 节面Ⅱ走向317°, 倾伏角80°, 滑动角-15°, 矩震级MW4.8, 最优质心深度12 km; 地震矩M0为1.796×1016 Nm, 矩张量解Mrr、Mtt、Mpp、Mrt、Mrp、Mtp分别为-0.004、0.946、-0.942、0.017、-0.305、-0.125;中心解参数为节面Ⅰ走向47.03°, 倾伏角79.04°, 滑动角-168.15°; 节面Ⅱ走向314.75°, 倾伏角78.37°, 滑动角-11.19°。构造应力场作用在中心解节面Ⅰ上的相对剪应力为0.877, 相对正应力为-0.544;投影于节面Ⅱ上的相对剪应力为0.911, 相对正应力为0.161。拟合的断层面走向148.91°, 倾伏角89.85°, 其在构造应力体系下的滑动角为26.47°。综合分析认为, 普兰店M4.6地震发生在NW向普兰店-长海构造带, 是沿应力场最优节面以左旋走滑为错动方式的天然地震。

普兰店M4.6地震  /  初至P震相定位法  /  gCAP  /  震源机制  /  构造应力场

On August 23, 2023, a M4.6 earthquake hit the Pulandian, Liaoning province. To describe the source characteristics of this earthquake, we explore its incubation and seismogenic mechanisms. In this paper we determined the focal depth of the Pulandian M4.6 earthquake, and calculate the focal mechanism solution, moment tensor solution and centroid depth of the earthquake, obtain the center of focal mechanisms of the earthquake. In the same, we analyze the relationship between focal mechanism and tectonic stress field, and fit the fault plane according to the results of small earthquake relocation. We preliminarily determine the seismogenic fault plane of this earthquake. The results show that the initial rupture depth of the Pulandian M4.6 earthquake is 12.0 km. The focal mechanism solution is strike: 50°, dip: 75° and rake: -169° for nodal planeⅠ, strike: 317°, dip: 80°and rake: -15° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the moment magnitude is MW4.8, while the centroid is 12 km. The seismic moment M0 is 1.796×1016 Nm, the moment tensor solution is Mrr: -0.004, Mtt: 0.946, Mpp: -0.942, Mrt: 0.017, Mrp: -0.305, Mtp: -0.125. The center of focal mechanisms solution is strike: 47.03°, dip: 79.04° and rake: -168.15° for nodal planeⅠ, strike: 314.75°, dip: 78.37°and rake: -11.19°for nodal plane Ⅱ. The relative shear stress and relative normal stress generated by the tectonic stress field acting on the nodal plane Ⅰ are 0.877 and -0.544; on nodal plane Ⅱ they are 0.911 and 0.161. The fitted seismogenic fault plane is strike: 148.91°, dip: 89.85° and rake: 26.47°. The analysis shows that the Pulandian M4.6 earthquake occurred on the Pulandian-Changhai NW tectonic belt. It is a natural earthquake that after stress accumulation occurs along the optimal nodal plane of the stress field and takes left-lateral strike-slip as the dislocation mode.

Pulandian M4.6 earthquake  /  first arrival P phase locating method  /  gCAP method  /  focal mechanism  /  stress field
戴盈磊, 张文静, 杨晓东, 索锐, 王承伟. 2023-08-23辽宁普兰店M4.6地震震源参数测定及发震构造初判. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 48 -54, 59 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.076
Yinglei DAI, Wenjing ZHANG, Xiaodong YANG, Rui SUO, Chengwei WANG. Determination of Source Parameters of the M4.6 Earthquake in Pulandian, Liaoning Province on August 23, 2023, and Preliminary Judgement of Its Seismogenic Structure[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 48 -54, 59 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.076
据中国地震台网正式测定,北京时间2023-08-23 18:19辽宁省大连市普兰店区(39.42°N,122.20°E)发生M4.6地震,震源深度8 km,大连市及周边地区震感强烈,辽宁省内多地有震感。普兰店M4.6地震震中50 km范围内曾发生1861-07-19普兰店东6级地震[1],1949年以来该区域未发生M5.0及以上地震。1970年以来的地震震中分布情况和构造背景见图1。可以看出,现代小震在震中附近均匀分布,断裂构造较发育,规模较大的有金州断裂、普兰店湾断裂、大和尚山山前断裂和皮口断裂等。其中,金州断裂走向为N15°~30°E,倾向NW,倾伏角40°~80°,其西为缓丘和平原,东为低山丘陵,东西两侧差异升降运动明显[2],是纵贯辽东半岛的区域性大断裂,最新活动时代为晚更新世,与大和尚山山前断裂共同控制金州断陷盆地。皮口断裂基本平行于金州断裂,长约80 km,沿走向有NNE向沟谷和山地发育。普兰店湾断裂近EW向,长约40 km,晚更新世有活动,运动方式为黏滑兼蠕滑。
本次普兰店M4.6地震是2017-12-19辽宁海城MS4.4地震后辽宁省内发生的又一次4级以上地震事件,对该地震震源参数进行准确测定,有助于加深对其孕震环境和发震构造的认识。本文首先利用初至P震相定位方法[3]测定普兰店M4.6地震震源深度,并通过gCAP方法[4]反演矩张量和震源机制,给出质心深度;然后计算震中附近构造应力场作用下震源机制中心解各节面产生的相对应力分布;再采取hypoDD方法[5]对震源区小震进行重新定位;最后基于拟合的断层面产状及相关地质构造背景资料对该地震的发震构造进行探讨。
初至P震相定位法[6]利用初至震相易识别、读取误差小的优势,同时使用Pg和Pn震相的走时来约束震源深度。本文从辽宁测震台网正式观测报告中提取带有初动方向标识的观测走时,用于计算普兰店M4.6地震震源深度,其中包括震中距为28~75 km的4个Pg震相及震中距为131~425 km的28个Pn震相(图2)。
考虑到地壳结构横向不均匀性对长路径Pn震相走时的影响,本文使用戴盈磊等[6]在计算2013年辽宁灯塔MS5.1地震震源深度时构建的双层P波速度模型,震源深度搜索步长设置为0.1 km,计算得到的初至P震相走时残差在深度方向和震中附近的变化情况见图3。图3(a)中,随着震源深度的增加,走时残差呈“V”字型变化趋势,12.0 km处达到最小,为0.347 2 s;在图3(b)中,经度、纬度、水平3个切片的走时残差变化形态基本为椭球,最小走时残差位置处于椭球中心附近,垂直方向椭圆长短轴接近。由此可知,初至P震相定位法测定的普兰店M4.6地震震源深度为12.0 km。
由于普兰店M4.6地震震中区东邻黄海,东南方向没有可用的台站分布。同时,为探究该地震的破裂成因,本文采用gCAP方法[4]求解该地震的震源机制和矩张量。选取观测信噪比较高的10个台站波形,震中距为79~300 km,对Pnl波和面波各自截取30 s和70 s长度的时间窗后分别进行0.05~0.15 Hz、0.05~0.10 Hz的带通滤波。将走向、倾伏角和滑动角的反演步长设置为5°,矩震级、质心深度的搜索间隔分别设置为0.1和1 km,采用频率-波数(FK)方法[7]计算理论波形,其与实际观测波形的采样频率均设置为0.08 s。为适应质心深度搜索,根据分层较为精细的辽宁地区一维速度模型[8]进行反演,计算过程中全矩张量解包含了除双力偶(DC)成分外的各向同性源(ISO)和线性补偿矢量偶极分量(CLVD),而震源机制解中二者的约束为0,得到的反演拟合误差随深度的变化情况见图4。可以看出,不同深度的反演结果差异不大,较为稳定,深度在12 km处对应的震源机制解误差最小(图4(a)),13 km处的矩张量解误差最小(图4(b)),具体结果参数见图5。其中,震源机制解平均拟合相关系数为79.38%(图5(a)),矩张量解的平均拟合相关系数为79.06%(图5(b)),基本一致。参照相关质量分类标准[9],二者均大于65%,属于A类,说明结果较为可靠。因震源机制解的平均拟合相关系数更高,将其作为本文求解普兰店M4.6地震的震源机制结果:节面Ⅰ走向50°,倾伏角75°,滑动角-169°;节面Ⅱ走向317°,倾伏角80°,滑动角-15°;P轴走向273°、倾伏角18°,B轴走向103°、倾伏角71°,T轴走向4°、倾伏角3°;矩震级MW4.8,质心深度12 km,属走滑类型[10]。该结果与中国地震台网中心自动产出的震源机制解结果(走向41°,倾伏角85°,滑动角-165°的最小空间旋转角[11]14.47°,矩心深度12 km)基本一致。
本文使用gCAP方法[7]计算普兰店M4.6地震的地震矩M0为1.796×1016 Nm,矩张量解Mrr、Mtt、Mpp、Mrt、Mrp、Mtp分别为-0.004、0.946、-0.942、0.017、-0.305、-0.125。同时,还得到了双力偶ΛDC、各向同性源ΛISO和线性补偿矢量偶极分量ΛCLVD,每种成分所占比例的具体计算公式[7]如下:
$\Lambda^\mathrm{ISO}=\operatorname{sgn}(\xi) \xi^2$
$\Lambda^{\mathrm{DC}}=\left(1-\xi^2\right)\left(1-\chi^2\right)$
$\Lambda^{\mathrm{CLVD}}=\operatorname{sgn}(\chi)\left(1-\xi^2\right) \chi^2$
$\left|\Lambda^{1 \mathrm{SO}}\right|+\left|\Lambda^{\mathrm{DC}}\right|+\left|\Lambda^{\mathrm{CLVD}}\right|=1$
由图5(b)可知,各向同性参数ξ为0.00,线性补偿参数χ为0.07。代入式(1)~(4),得到ΛISO为0.00、ΛDC为0.995 1,ΛCLVD为0.004 9,表明双力偶成分占比达到99.51%,普兰店M4.6地震是一次天然地震事件。
采用万永革[12]的方法计算普兰店M4.6地震震源机制中心解,具体参数见表1(单位(°))。可以看出,由不同初始震源机制解得到的中心解之间差别甚微,标准差可精确到小数点后4位。选择标准差最小的作为普兰店M4.6地震震源机制中心解:节面Ⅰ走向47.03°,倾伏角79.04°,滑动角-168.15°;节面Ⅱ走向314.75°,倾伏角78.37°,滑动角-11.19°。
为分析普兰店M4.6地震与震源区构造应力场之间的关系,本文使用万永革[13]的方法模拟在震源区背景构造应力体系控制下产生的震源机制类型及其各节面上的相对剪应力和相对正应力分布情况。研究发现[14],辽宁地区构造应力场呈明显的不均匀特征和复杂性,因此本文根据戴盈磊等[15]使用的MSATSI软件包给出震中附近1°范围内现今构造应力场参数:σ1轴走向282.1°、倾伏角20.29°,σ2轴走向150.6°、倾伏角60.84°,σ3轴走向19.84°、倾伏角20.1°,应力形因子R=0.72,模拟计算在其约束下震源区可能产生的各种震源机制类型及在普兰店M4.6地震震源机制中心解各节面上的相对剪应力和相对正应力,结果见图6。在走向47.03°、倾伏角79.04°的节面Ⅰ上,相对剪应力为0.877(最大值为1),相对正应力-0.544(拉张为正),剪滑角-169.5°,与中心解该节面滑动角相差1.35°;在走向314.75°、倾伏角78.37°的节面Ⅱ上,相对剪应力0.911,相对正应力0.161,剪滑角-26.8°,与中心解滑动角相差15.61°。由图6可知,2个节面基本都处于最大剪应力加载状态,且剪滑角与中心解节面滑动角比较接近,说明普兰店M4.6地震是在区域正走滑型构造应力体系控制下,沿应力场最优节面发生的剪切破裂。将区域构造主压应力方向和普兰店M4.6地震震源机制中心解2个节面上的相对剪应力大小及错动方式绘制成示意图,由图7可知,区域构造主压应力方向和震源机制中心解P轴走向较接近,区域主压应力作用于节面Ⅰ可产生右旋走滑的错动方式,区域主压应力作用于节面Ⅱ可产生左旋走滑的错动方式。NW向节面Ⅱ上的相对剪应力略大于NE向的节面Ⅰ,在理论上其有可能是该地震的发震断层面。
本文基于2009-01-2023-08普兰店M4.6地震震中附近25 km范围内ML≥1.0地震数据,利用辽宁地区一维速度模型[8],采用hypoDD方法[5]进行重新定位,得到55个地震的精确位置,震源深度介于2.12~22.85 km之间,平均深度为13.19 km。普兰店M4.6地震震中位置为39.411 2°N、122.217 2°E,震源深度为11.69 km,与初至P震相定位法测定的震源深度极为接近,定位后的小震总体呈NW向分布(图8红色圆圈)。李宇彤等[1]曾对1861年普兰店6级地震附近区域1999-2007年ML1.0及以上地震进行重定位,平均深度为7.5 km(图8蓝色圆圈),利用这两部分重定位小震资料进行断层面拟合[16],具体结果见表2。由表可知,本文得到的断层面走向为148.91°,标准差为2.21°,倾伏角89.85°,标准差为2.53°(图8红色线段)。根据区域构造应力场参数计算其投影在拟合断层面上的滑动角为28.92°,标准差为8.04°,该结果与本文计算的震源机制中心解节面Ⅱ结果(走向314.75°,倾伏角78.37°,滑动角-11.19°的最小空间旋转角[14]26.47°)较为接近。据此结果,结合2个节面上相对剪应力分布情况进行判断,认为普兰店M4.6地震的发震断层面是NW向左旋走滑节面Ⅱ。需要说明的是,本文的小震重定位结果和李宇彤等[1]的结果存在一定差异,这主要是由选用的速度模型和台站数据不同造成的[17]。从表2的拟合误差来看,拟合断层面结果较为稳定。此外,本文利用基于走时的2种定位方法测定的震源深度为破裂起始深度,而反演的最优质心深度是破裂过程中地震矩释放的最大深度[18],二者物理意义不同。通常矩心深度会浅于初始破裂深度,反映出地震成核区域深浅部错动的不一致[19]。本文初始破裂深度和质心深度差别很小,表明该地震破裂过程并不复杂。
钟以章等[2]分析辽东半岛深部构造与地震活动关系指出,在复州湾-普兰店-长山、北海-旅顺区域存在NW向小震条带,长约33 km,宽约12 km,无地表出露形迹,认为其属于隐伏活动构造带,即普兰店-长海NW向构造带,目前尚未被明确绘入地质构造图[1]。万波等[20-21]研究认为,与本次普兰店M4.6地震相距约8.1 km的1861年6级地震(图8绿色圆点)的发震构造是NW向断裂,相对而言,EW向普兰店湾断裂地震活动水平较低,地震危险性不大;普兰店-长海NW向构造带由密集的地震条带组成,活动时代为中更新世,地壳多震层内有低速层,以左旋走滑为主,危险性较高。本文认为普兰店M4.6地震的发震断层为NW向,运动特征为左旋走滑,与前人关于普兰店-长海NW向构造带主要特征的研究成果一致。同时,辽宁省地震局派遣的现场工作队获得的宏观地震烈度调查结果显示,极震区Ⅵ度等震线大致围成一个不规则的椭圆形,椭圆长轴方向为NW-NNW向,短轴方向为NEE向,椭圆长轴长度大约是短轴长度的1.5~2倍,表明这次地震可能与NW向地质构造有关,证明了本文对普兰店M4.6发震构造判定结果的科学性和可靠性。
根据前文测定的震源参数结果,综合考虑震源区构造应力环境及相关地质构造背景资料进行分析,普兰店M4.6地震的孕震机制可能为:在震中附近NWW向主压应力的作用下,NW向高倾伏角隐伏构造带与近水平的构造应力场主压应力呈小角度斜交,有利于左旋剪切错动的产生,而低速高导层有着不消耗应力却能传导应力的特性[22],使岩体裂隙容易发生蠕变。随着构造应力的持续积累,低速体不断将应力传导至上层刚性地壳,导致了本次地震的发生。
本文测定2023-08-23普兰店M4.6地震的震源参数,并对其发震构造进行初步判定,分析该地震的孕育机理,得出如下结论:
1) 使用初至P震相定位法测定的普兰店M4.6地震震源深度为12.0 km。
2) 通过gCAP方法反演得到的普兰店M4.6地震震源机制解参数为:节面Ⅰ走向50°,倾伏角75°,滑动角-169°;节面Ⅱ走向317°,倾伏角80°,滑动角-15°,矩震级MW4.8,最优质心深度12 km。地震矩M0为1.796×1016 Nm,矩张量解Mrr、Mtt、Mpp、Mrt、Mrp、Mtp分别为-0.004、0.946、-0.942、0.017、-0.305、-0.125,双力偶成分占比99.51%。该地震震源机制中心解为:节面Ⅰ走向47.03°,倾伏角79.04°,滑动角-168.15°;节面Ⅱ走向314.75°,倾伏角78.37°,滑动角-11.19°。
3) 计算在现今构造应力体系约束下普兰店M4.6震源机制中心解2个节面可产生的相对剪应力和相对正应力分别为:NE向的节面Ⅰ为0.877,-0.544;NW向的节面Ⅱ为0.911,0.161。联合前人与本文的小震重定位结果拟合得到的断层面走向为148.91°,倾伏角为89.85°,震源区构造应力场投影到拟合断层面上的滑动角为28.92°。
4) 参考震源机制中心解2个节面上的相对剪应力分布情况、小震拟合的断层面参数及相关地质构造背景,判定普兰店M4.6地震发震构造与1861年普兰店6级地震的发震构造相同,即NW向普兰店-长海北西向构造带,与现场工作队的宏观地震烈度调查结果一致。进一步分析认为,本次M4.6地震是高倾伏角NW向隐伏构造经长期应力积累,沿构造应力场最优节面发生的左旋走滑破裂。
本文首次给出普兰店-长海NW向隐伏构造带的断层面产状和滑动性质,增加了对该地震条带在定量层面的描述和认识,可对今后该区域的地震危险性、重复地震、断裂错动特征等相关研究提供重要参考。
  • 辽宁省地震局预研孵化基金(LZ2022001)
  • 中国地震局地震应急青年重点任务(CEA_EDEM-20240203)
  • 中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH24009YA)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.076
  • 接收时间:2024-02-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23
基金
The Pre-Research Incubation Fund of Liaoning Earthquake Agency(LZ2022001)
辽宁省地震局预研孵化基金(LZ2022001)
The Key Young Task of Earthquake Emergency of CEA(CEA_EDEM-20240203)
中国地震局地震应急青年重点任务(CEA_EDEM-20240203)
The Spark Program of Earthquake Technology of CEA(XH24009YA)
中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH24009YA)
作者信息
    1 辽宁省地震局, 沈阳市黄河北大街44号, 110031

通讯作者:

张文静, 工程师, 主要从事地震应急系统研究, E-mail:

ZHANG Wenjing, engineer, majors in earthquake emergency system, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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