Article(id=1322933558750360283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322933542426116991, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708358400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341539323, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341539323, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341539323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341539323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322933542426116991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='110', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341535431, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341535431, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322933558918132444, articleId=1322933558750360283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Rapid Analysis of the Impact of the 2023 Jishishan MS6.2 Earthquake on the Deformation of GNSS Reference Stations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, we collect 1 Hz high-frequency data from multiple GNSS ground reference stations near the epicenter of the Jishishan earthquake on December 18, 2023, and use PRIDE PPP-AR and TRACK software for dynamic PPP calculation and high-precision static data processing. The coseismic deformation displacement fluctuation and permanent deformation displacement of the GNSS reference stations are obtained. Then, we analyze the deformation impact of the earthquake on the GNSS ground reference station at the epicenter. The results show that PRIDE PPP-AR and TRACK software can both calculate the coseismic deformation displacement impact of the earthquake on the reference station. The static calculation results show that the earthquake caused a permanent deformation displacement of about 18 mm in the horizontal direction at LXJS station (5.3 km away from the epicenter), and the impact range of this earthquake on the stability of the GNSS reference station is about 50 km. The rapid deformation analysis method and results can provide reference and data support for disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as real-time navigation and positioning services.

, authors=Haitao WANG1, Qingtao ZHANG1, *, Xiaoqing WANG2, Yang LI1, Liyang WANG3, Lijiang ZHAO4, Gongwen HUANG1, authorsList=Haitao WANG, Qingtao ZHANG, Xiaoqing WANG, Yang LI, Liyang WANG, Lijiang ZHAO, Gongwen HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingtao ZHANG, authorNote=

WANG Haitao, engineer, majors in GNSS data processing and satellite precise positioning, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved, without authorization, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322933560411304681, articleId=1322933558750360283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=2023年甘肃积石山MS6.2地震对GNSS基准站形变影响快速分析, columnId=1322506197874356701, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地壳运动, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

收集2023-12-18积石山地震震中附近多座GNSS地面基准站地震前后1 Hz高频数据, 采用PRIDE PPP-AR、TRACK软件进行动态PPP解算和高精度静态数据处理, 得到GNSS基准站的同震形变位移波动和永久形变位移, 分析地震对震中GNSS地面基准站造成的形变影响。结果表明, PRIDE PPP-AR和TRACK软件均可计算地震对基准站造成的同震形变位移影响。静态解算结果显示, 此次地震造成LXJS站(距震中5.3 km)在水平方向产生约18 mm的永久形变位移, 对GNSS基准站稳定性的影响范围约50 km。该快速形变分析方法和结果可为防灾减灾和实时导航定位服务提供参考和数据支撑。

, authors=王海涛1, 张庆涛1, *, 王孝青2, 李阳1, 王立阳3, 赵利江4, 黄功文1, authorsList=王海涛, 张庆涛, 王孝青, 李阳, 王立阳, 赵利江, 黄功文, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张庆涛, authorNote=

王海涛, 工程师, 主要研究方向为GNSS数据处理与卫星精密定位, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

张庆涛,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为大地测量、测绘新技术研究,E-mail:

ZHANG Qingtao, professor, majors in geodesy, new surveying and mapping technologies, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0RCxoS3Mg+KF0szy8Q2/hg==, magXml=CfDoxijj9JoGqkF9D3tusg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GKfr69aU9Xu9RV7jBeC17w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=njHJ0MGMPUqXntNHuiNhlA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322940272384029103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1280181825@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322940273118032305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, authorId=1322940272384029103, language=EN, stringName=Haitao WANG, firstName=Haitao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Geodetic Data Processing Centre, MNR, 334 East-Youyi Road, Xi'an 710054, China, bio={"content":"

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Co-Seismic Deformation of the Jishishan 6.2 Earthquake in Gansu Province Based on High-Frequency GNSS Observation[J/OL]. 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322940287865205227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CGCS2000框架下震中附近GNSS基准站形变位移变化, figureFileSmall=oPfI0kYrXXzZWtbyE6sFgA==, figureFileBig=BtNDHzCoNyXBtOFChttjxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322940289735864813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Deformation and displacement changes of GNSS base stations near the epicenter under the ITRF2020 framework, figureFileSmall=iTa3WXtUJZv5gb1+9gneOQ==, figureFileBig=+9c7m4Xi/qCJhhs6zxG9jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322940289819750894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=图6, caption=ITRF2020框架下震中附近GNSS基准站形变位移变化, figureFileSmall=iTa3WXtUJZv5gb1+9gneOQ==, figureFileBig=+9c7m4Xi/qCJhhs6zxG9jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322940289945580015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Stations information

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类别 站名 全称 震中距离/km
国家站 GSSB 甘肃肃北站 840.0
NXLW 宁夏灵武站 420.0
XANY 西安咸阳站 573.0
SCCD 四川成都站 582.0
QHGE 青海格尔木站 873.0
青海省 XUNH 循化站 34.6
BFTE 同仁站 70.5
DUOW 多哇站 73.6
GUTI 官亭站 23.3
甘肃省 GNHZ 甘南州合作站 79.4
GNXH 甘南州夏河站 63.0
LXDX 临夏州东乡站 79.9
LXHZ 临夏州和政站 59.1
LXJS 临夏州积石山站 5.3
LXXH 临夏州西河站 63.9
LXYJ 临夏州永靖站 36.9
LZLC 兰州连城站 95.9
LZSH 兰州上花岔站 155.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290293707248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

站点信息

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类别 站名 全称 震中距离/km
国家站 GSSB 甘肃肃北站 840.0
NXLW 宁夏灵武站 420.0
XANY 西安咸阳站 573.0
SCCD 四川成都站 582.0
QHGE 青海格尔木站 873.0
青海省 XUNH 循化站 34.6
BFTE 同仁站 70.5
DUOW 多哇站 73.6
GUTI 官亭站 23.3
甘肃省 GNHZ 甘南州合作站 79.4
GNXH 甘南州夏河站 63.0
LXDX 临夏州东乡站 79.9
LXHZ 临夏州和政站 59.1
LXJS 临夏州积石山站 5.3
LXXH 临夏州西河站 63.9
LXYJ 临夏州永靖站 36.9
LZLC 兰州连城站 95.9
LZSH 兰州上花岔站 155.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290377593329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

High-frequency kinematic solution strategy of PRIDE PPP-AR software

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 设置与参数 名称 设置与参数
星座 BDS/GPS/
GLONASS
地球自转参数 IGS快速地球
自转参数
观测数据
采样间隔
1 Hz 卫星轨道 IGS快速
精密星历
截止
高度角
10° 天顶对流层
延迟模型
PWC:60
电离层延
迟改正
消电离层线性组合
(iono-free LC)
卫星和接收机天
线相位中心改正
igs20.atx
卫星钟差 IGS快速
精密钟差
解算模式 PPP_kinematic
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290461479410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PRIDE PPP-AR软件高频动态解算策略

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 设置与参数 名称 设置与参数
星座 BDS/GPS/
GLONASS
地球自转参数 IGS快速地球
自转参数
观测数据
采样间隔
1 Hz 卫星轨道 IGS快速
精密星历
截止
高度角
10° 天顶对流层
延迟模型
PWC:60
电离层延
迟改正
消电离层线性组合
(iono-free LC)
卫星和接收机天
线相位中心改正
igs20.atx
卫星钟差 IGS快速
精密钟差
解算模式 PPP_kinematic
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290708943347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Static solution model and strategy

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名称 设置与参数 名称 设置与参数
计算类型 RELAX 光压模型 BERNE
采样间隔 30 s 固体潮改正 IERS03
卫星截止高度角 10° 海潮模型 FES2004M
选择的观测值 LC_AUTCLN 大气映射函数 VMF1
卫星钟差模型 精密星历误差的钟差参数 无潮汐的大气负载参数 atml.grid
对流层模型 Saastamoinen模型 惯性框架 J2000
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290788635124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

静态解算模型和策略

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名称 设置与参数 名称 设置与参数
计算类型 RELAX 光压模型 BERNE
采样间隔 30 s 固体潮改正 IERS03
卫星截止高度角 10° 海潮模型 FES2004M
选择的观测值 LC_AUTCLN 大气映射函数 VMF1
卫星钟差模型 精密星历误差的钟差参数 无潮汐的大气负载参数 atml.grid
对流层模型 Saastamoinen模型 惯性框架 J2000
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290864132598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Baseline calculation results before and after earthquakes

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框架 统计项震前震后
dN/mm dE/mm dU/mm dS/mm 相对中误差 dN/mm dE/mm dU/mm dS/mm 相对中误差
ITRF2020 最大值 1.70 1.70 7.50 1.60 6.98×10-8 2.30 2.00 11.00 2.10 8.85×10-8
最小值 0.90 0.80 3.60 0.80 5.24×10-9 1.30 1.10 5.20 1.20 5.76×10-9
平均值 1.24 1.19 5.33 1.21 1.62×10-8 1.70 1.51 7.51 1.58 2.15×10-8
CGCS2000最大值 1.70 1.70 7.60 1.60 6.98×10-8 2.30 2.00 11.00 2.10 8.85×10-8
最小值 0.90 0.80 3.60 0.80 5.24×10-9 1.30 1.10 5.20 1.20 5.76×10-9
平均值 1.24 1.19 5.35 1.21 1.63×10-8 1.71 1.51 7.54 1.58 2.15×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1322940290939630071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

震前、震后基线解算结果

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框架 统计项震前震后
dN/mm dE/mm dU/mm dS/mm 相对中误差 dN/mm dE/mm dU/mm dS/mm 相对中误差
ITRF2020 最大值 1.70 1.70 7.50 1.60 6.98×10-8 2.30 2.00 11.00 2.10 8.85×10-8
最小值 0.90 0.80 3.60 0.80 5.24×10-9 1.30 1.10 5.20 1.20 5.76×10-9
平均值 1.24 1.19 5.33 1.21 1.62×10-8 1.70 1.51 7.51 1.58 2.15×10-8
CGCS2000最大值 1.70 1.70 7.60 1.60 6.98×10-8 2.30 2.00 11.00 2.10 8.85×10-8
最小值 0.90 0.80 3.60 0.80 5.24×10-9 1.30 1.10 5.20 1.20 5.76×10-9
平均值 1.24 1.19 5.35 1.21 1.63×10-8 1.71 1.51 7.54 1.58 2.15×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1322940291128373752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Statistics of coordinate calculation accuracy of provincial GNSS stations before and after earthquakes

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ITRF2020 CGCS2000
震前RMS/mm 震后RMS/mm 震前RMS/mm 震后RMS/mm
N E U N E U N E U N E U
BFTE 1.0 1.3 3.9 1.4 1.4 5.6 1.0 1.3 3.9 1.4 1.4 5.7
DUOW 1.4 1.6 5.6 2.0 1.8 9.1 1.4 1.6 5.7 2.0 1.8 9.2
GNHZ 0.9 1.2 3.3 1.3 1.3 5.0 0.9 1.2 3.3 1.3 1.3 5.1
GNXH 1.1 1.4 5.0 1.6 1.5 6.7 1.1 1.4 5.0 1.6 1.5 6.7
GUTI 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8
LXDX 1.3 1.4 5.6 1.8 1.6 7.5 1.3 1.4 5.7 1.8 1.6 7.5
LXHZ 1.2 1.3 4.7 1.6 1.5 6.6 1.2 1.3 4.7 1.7 1.5 6.6
LXJS 1.0 1.2 3.5 1.5 1.4 5.5 1.0 1.2 3.6 1.5 1.4 5.5
LXXH 1.2 1.3 4.8 1.6 1.4 6.2 1.2 1.2 4.8 1.6 1.5 6.2
LXYJ 0.9 1.1 3.1 1.4 1.3 4.8 0.9 1.1 3.1 1.4 1.3 4.8
LZLC 0.9 1.2 3.5 1.5 1.4 5.7 0.9 1.2 3.5 1.5 1.4 5.7
LZSH 1.0 1.1 3.8 1.4 1.3 5.6 1.0 1.1 3.8 1.4 1.3 5.7
XUNH 1.1 1.3 3.9 1.6 1.5 6.0 1.1 1.3 3.9 1.6 1.5 6.0
最大值 1.4 1.6 5.6 2.0 1.8 9.1 1.4 1.6 5.7 2.0 1.8 9.2
最小值 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8
平均值 1.1 1.3 4.1 1.5 1.5 6.1 1.1 1.3 4.1 1.5 1.5 6.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322940291237425657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

震前、震后省级GNSS站坐标解算精度统计

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ITRF2020 CGCS2000
震前RMS/mm 震后RMS/mm 震前RMS/mm 震后RMS/mm
N E U N E U N E U N E U
BFTE 1.0 1.3 3.9 1.4 1.4 5.6 1.0 1.3 3.9 1.4 1.4 5.7
DUOW 1.4 1.6 5.6 2.0 1.8 9.1 1.4 1.6 5.7 2.0 1.8 9.2
GNHZ 0.9 1.2 3.3 1.3 1.3 5.0 0.9 1.2 3.3 1.3 1.3 5.1
GNXH 1.1 1.4 5.0 1.6 1.5 6.7 1.1 1.4 5.0 1.6 1.5 6.7
GUTI 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8
LXDX 1.3 1.4 5.6 1.8 1.6 7.5 1.3 1.4 5.7 1.8 1.6 7.5
LXHZ 1.2 1.3 4.7 1.6 1.5 6.6 1.2 1.3 4.7 1.7 1.5 6.6
LXJS 1.0 1.2 3.5 1.5 1.4 5.5 1.0 1.2 3.6 1.5 1.4 5.5
LXXH 1.2 1.3 4.8 1.6 1.4 6.2 1.2 1.2 4.8 1.6 1.5 6.2
LXYJ 0.9 1.1 3.1 1.4 1.3 4.8 0.9 1.1 3.1 1.4 1.3 4.8
LZLC 0.9 1.2 3.5 1.5 1.4 5.7 0.9 1.2 3.5 1.5 1.4 5.7
LZSH 1.0 1.1 3.8 1.4 1.3 5.6 1.0 1.1 3.8 1.4 1.3 5.7
XUNH 1.1 1.3 3.9 1.6 1.5 6.0 1.1 1.3 3.9 1.6 1.5 6.0
最大值 1.4 1.6 5.6 2.0 1.8 9.1 1.4 1.6 5.7 2.0 1.8 9.2
最小值 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8 0.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 1.3 4.8
平均值 1.1 1.3 4.1 1.5 1.5 6.1 1.1 1.3 4.1 1.5 1.5 6.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322940291560387066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

The permanent coseismic displacement of high-frequency GNSS reference station calculated based on PRIDE PPP-AR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份 站名 N向形变
/mm
E向形变
/mm
N向误差
/mm
E向误差
/mm
甘肃省 GNXH -1.0 1.2 4.4 5.7
LXDX 4.1 5.1 4.5 6.8
LXHZ -0.1 -0.7 5.1 5.7
LXJS -8.7 12.0 3.9 4.8
LXYJ -3.6 0.5 5.8 6.3
青海省 XUNH -3.6 -2.2 7.3 5.9
GUTI 3.8 4.2 5.6 5.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322940291644273148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

基于PRIDE PPP-AR计算的高频GNSS基准站永久形变位移

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份 站名 N向形变
/mm
E向形变
/mm
N向误差
/mm
E向误差
/mm
甘肃省 GNXH -1.0 1.2 4.4 5.7
LXDX 4.1 5.1 4.5 6.8
LXHZ -0.1 -0.7 5.1 5.7
LXJS -8.7 12.0 3.9 4.8
LXYJ -3.6 0.5 5.8 6.3
青海省 XUNH -3.6 -2.2 7.3 5.9
GUTI 3.8 4.2 5.6 5.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322940291988206077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Permanent coseismic displacement of high-frequency GNSS reference station calculated based on TRACK

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省份 站名 N向形变
/mm
E向形变
/mm
N向误差
/mm
E向误差
/mm
甘肃省 LXDX 8.5 6.1 6.6 4.9
LXHZ 5.2 3.3 6.4 4.6
LXJS -15.1 16.4 5.5 3.2
LXXH 2.4 11.2 8.2 4.3
LXYJ -1.0 -1.5 6.0 3.9
LZLC -1.5 5.3 6.7 3.3
LZSH -4.3 2.8 6.4 3.8
青海省BFTE 0.9 3.6 9.2 5.5
DUOW -2.5 -2.1 7.0 8.4
GUTI -2.3 3.3 7.2 4.9
XUNH -8.1 1.2 10.4 4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322940292084675070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

基于TRACK计算的高频GNSS基准站永久形变位移

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份 站名 N向形变
/mm
E向形变
/mm
N向误差
/mm
E向误差
/mm
甘肃省 LXDX 8.5 6.1 6.6 4.9
LXHZ 5.2 3.3 6.4 4.6
LXJS -15.1 16.4 5.5 3.2
LXXH 2.4 11.2 8.2 4.3
LXYJ -1.0 -1.5 6.0 3.9
LZLC -1.5 5.3 6.7 3.3
LZSH -4.3 2.8 6.4 3.8
青海省BFTE 0.9 3.6 9.2 5.5
DUOW -2.5 -2.1 7.0 8.4
GUTI -2.3 3.3 7.2 4.9
XUNH -8.1 1.2 10.4 4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322940292462162431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Post-earthquake and pre-earthquake coordinate deformation variables and errors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
省份 站名 震中距
/km
ITRF2020框架/mmCGCS2000框架/mm
dN±δ dE±δ dU±δ dN±δ dE±δ dU±δ
甘肃省 GNHZ 79.4 0.7±1.6 4.0±1.8 1.5±6.0 -0.1±1.6 3.1±1.8 -2.2±6.1
GNXH 63.0 0.8±1.9 1.4±2.1 -2.7±8.4 -0.1±1.9 0.7±2.1 -5.8±8.4
LXDX 79.9 0.4±2.2 1.7±2.1 -8.4±9.4 -0.6±2.2 1.3±2.1 -13.6±9.4
LXHZ 59.1 -1.3±2.0 -1.3±2.0 -2.5±8.1 -2.2±2.1 -1.9±2.0 -7.6±8.1
LXJS 5.3 -13.0±1.8 11.5±1.8 5.6±6.5 -13.9±1.8 11.5±1.8 1.0±6.6
LXXH 63.9 -0.7±2.0 -0.6±1.9 -5.3±7.8 -1.6±2.0 -0.1±1.9 -11.3±7.8
LXYJ 36.9 -1.9±1.7 -2.4±1.7 -6.2±5.7 -2.8±1.7 -2.2±1.7 -11.4±5.7
LZLC 95.9 3.0±1.7 2.9±1.8 1.1±6.7 2.2±1.7 3.9±1.8 -4.6±6.7
LZSH 155.1 0.0±1.7 0.5±1.7 -2.3±6.8 -1.0±1.7 0.5±1.7 -9.9±6.9
青海省 XUNH 34.6 0.5±1.9 3.3±2.0 0.3±7.2 -0.4±1.9 3.6±2.0 -3.5±7.2
BFTE 70.5 0.0±1.7 1.0±1.9 6.7±6.8 -0.8±1.7 1.1±1.9 3.3±6.9
DUOW 73.6 1.1±2.4 0.9±2.4 -0.1±10.7 0.4±2.4 0.2±2.4 -2.7±10.8
GUTI 23.3 1.1±1.6 -1.4±1.7 -4.4±5.7 0.2±1.6 -1.2±1.7 -9.2±5.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322940294508982785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933558750360283, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

震后-震前坐标形变量及误差

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省份 站名 震中距
/km
ITRF2020框架/mmCGCS2000框架/mm
dN±δ dE±δ dU±δ dN±δ dE±δ dU±δ
甘肃省 GNHZ 79.4 0.7±1.6 4.0±1.8 1.5±6.0 -0.1±1.6 3.1±1.8 -2.2±6.1
GNXH 63.0 0.8±1.9 1.4±2.1 -2.7±8.4 -0.1±1.9 0.7±2.1 -5.8±8.4
LXDX 79.9 0.4±2.2 1.7±2.1 -8.4±9.4 -0.6±2.2 1.3±2.1 -13.6±9.4
LXHZ 59.1 -1.3±2.0 -1.3±2.0 -2.5±8.1 -2.2±2.1 -1.9±2.0 -7.6±8.1
LXJS 5.3 -13.0±1.8 11.5±1.8 5.6±6.5 -13.9±1.8 11.5±1.8 1.0±6.6
LXXH 63.9 -0.7±2.0 -0.6±1.9 -5.3±7.8 -1.6±2.0 -0.1±1.9 -11.3±7.8
LXYJ 36.9 -1.9±1.7 -2.4±1.7 -6.2±5.7 -2.8±1.7 -2.2±1.7 -11.4±5.7
LZLC 95.9 3.0±1.7 2.9±1.8 1.1±6.7 2.2±1.7 3.9±1.8 -4.6±6.7
LZSH 155.1 0.0±1.7 0.5±1.7 -2.3±6.8 -1.0±1.7 0.5±1.7 -9.9±6.9
青海省 XUNH 34.6 0.5±1.9 3.3±2.0 0.3±7.2 -0.4±1.9 3.6±2.0 -3.5±7.2
BFTE 70.5 0.0±1.7 1.0±1.9 6.7±6.8 -0.8±1.7 1.1±1.9 3.3±6.9
DUOW 73.6 1.1±2.4 0.9±2.4 -0.1±10.7 0.4±2.4 0.2±2.4 -2.7±10.8
GUTI 23.3 1.1±1.6 -1.4±1.7 -4.4±5.7 0.2±1.6 -1.2±1.7 -9.2±5.7
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2023年甘肃积石山MS6.2地震对GNSS基准站形变影响快速分析
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王海涛 1 , 张庆涛 1, * , 王孝青 2 , 李阳 1 , 王立阳 3 , 赵利江 4 , 黄功文 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地壳运动 2025,45(1): 5-12
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地壳运动 2025 , 45 (1) : 5 -12
2023年甘肃积石山MS6.2地震对GNSS基准站形变影响快速分析
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王海涛1 , 张庆涛1, * , 王孝青2, 李阳1, 王立阳3, 赵利江4, 黄功文1
作者信息
  • 1 自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心, 西安市友谊东路344号, 710054
  • 2 国家基础地理信息中心, 北京市莲花池西路28号, 100830
  • 3 甘肃省测绘工程院, 兰州市滩尖子路66号, 730050
  • 4 青海省基础测绘院, 西宁市黄河路13号, 810001
通讯作者:

张庆涛,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为大地测量、测绘新技术研究,E-mail:

ZHANG Qingtao, professor, majors in geodesy, new surveying and mapping technologies, E-mail:

作者简介:

王海涛, 工程师, 主要研究方向为GNSS数据处理与卫星精密定位, E-mail:

Rapid Analysis of the Impact of the 2023 Jishishan MS6.2 Earthquake on the Deformation of GNSS Reference Stations
Haitao WANG1 , Qingtao ZHANG1, * , Xiaoqing WANG2, Yang LI1, Liyang WANG3, Lijiang ZHAO4, Gongwen HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Geodetic Data Processing Centre, MNR, 334 East-Youyi Road, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 National Geomatics Center of China, 28 West-Lianhuachi Road, Beijing 100830, China
  • 3 Surveying and Mapping Engineering Institute of Gansu Province, 66 Tanjianzi Road, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 4 Qinghai Institute of Basic Surveying and Mapping, 13 Huanghe Road, Xining 810001, China
  • WANG Haitao, engineer, majors in GNSS data processing and satellite precise positioning, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.071
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收集2023-12-18积石山地震震中附近多座GNSS地面基准站地震前后1 Hz高频数据, 采用PRIDE PPP-AR、TRACK软件进行动态PPP解算和高精度静态数据处理, 得到GNSS基准站的同震形变位移波动和永久形变位移, 分析地震对震中GNSS地面基准站造成的形变影响。结果表明, PRIDE PPP-AR和TRACK软件均可计算地震对基准站造成的同震形变位移影响。静态解算结果显示, 此次地震造成LXJS站(距震中5.3 km)在水平方向产生约18 mm的永久形变位移, 对GNSS基准站稳定性的影响范围约50 km。该快速形变分析方法和结果可为防灾减灾和实时导航定位服务提供参考和数据支撑。

GNSS  /  基准站  /  地震  /  形变位移  /  PRIDE PPP-AR

In this paper, we collect 1 Hz high-frequency data from multiple GNSS ground reference stations near the epicenter of the Jishishan earthquake on December 18, 2023, and use PRIDE PPP-AR and TRACK software for dynamic PPP calculation and high-precision static data processing. The coseismic deformation displacement fluctuation and permanent deformation displacement of the GNSS reference stations are obtained. Then, we analyze the deformation impact of the earthquake on the GNSS ground reference station at the epicenter. The results show that PRIDE PPP-AR and TRACK software can both calculate the coseismic deformation displacement impact of the earthquake on the reference station. The static calculation results show that the earthquake caused a permanent deformation displacement of about 18 mm in the horizontal direction at LXJS station (5.3 km away from the epicenter), and the impact range of this earthquake on the stability of the GNSS reference station is about 50 km. The rapid deformation analysis method and results can provide reference and data support for disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as real-time navigation and positioning services.

GNSS  /  reference station  /  earthquake  /  deformation displacement  /  PRIDE PPP-AR
王海涛, 张庆涛, 王孝青, 李阳, 王立阳, 赵利江, 黄功文. 2023年甘肃积石山MS6.2地震对GNSS基准站形变影响快速分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 5 -12 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.071
Haitao WANG, Qingtao ZHANG, Xiaoqing WANG, Yang LI, Liyang WANG, Lijiang ZHAO, Gongwen HUANG. Rapid Analysis of the Impact of the 2023 Jishishan MS6.2 Earthquake on the Deformation of GNSS Reference Stations[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 5 -12 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.071
GNSS技术可快速、直接、准确地提供高精度、大尺度的地表和地壳形变位移信息,被广泛用于定量研究长期地表、地壳形变和地震等自然灾害导致的瞬时地表位移变化[1-3]。高频GNSS观测数据能够准确记录地震时刻地表基准站的形变位移波动,显现地震的动态位移变化过程[4-5]。
2023-12-18 23:59:30甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县柳沟乡(32.70°N,102.79°E)发生MS6.2地震,震源深度10 km,地震最高烈度为Ⅷ度(8度),Ⅵ度(6度)及以上区域面积约8 364 km2,主要包括甘肃临夏州和青海海东市。地震震中位于黄土高原与青藏高原过渡地带,受欧亚板块与印度板块的长期挤压作用,该区构造活动强烈,发育多条深大断裂,属于中国南北地震带。中国地震台网中心分析显示,此次震中距离最近的断层(拉脊山北缘断裂)约3 km[6-10]。
地震发生后,多个团队利用多种数据资料和手段对震源机制进行解读,分析地震导致的地表裂缝形变以及地质灾害影响。王勤彩等[7]利用震中周边21个地震台站的宽频带地震资料及区域台网资料,采用CAP方法反演震源机制解,显示此次积石山6.2级地震为逆冲型,震源机制解节面Ⅱ的走向与积石山东缘断裂大致相同。高原等[8]研究显示,此次震源区及邻区绝对板块运动方向与岩石圈方位各向异性有很好的一致性,但区域浅地表变形与上地壳各向异性反映的变形特征都出现明显的空间扰动。李振洪等[9]利用Sentinel-1A卫星雷达观测数据反演积石山地震震源参数及其滑动分布,显示升、降轨同震形变场均以抬升形变为主。黄观文等[10]利用GNSS、加速度计、PPP、RTK自适应融合技术以及小波变换等方法综合分析积石山主震和余震对边坡体的破坏性影响,显示距震中较近的滑坡体产生1 cm弹性或永久形变。为分析此次地震对GNSS基准站及地面形变的影响,本文采用高频动态数据和静态数据的处理方法对震中附近基准站数据进行处理,分析积石山地震使GNSS基准站产生的同震形变位移波动值和造成的永久形变量,并确定影响范围,进而为地震灾害和影响评估、基准站维护、实时导航定位服务等提供数据支撑和参考。
地震后,通过陕甘宁晋北斗高精度定位服务“一张网”数据共享交换平台快速获取震中附近13座基准站(甘肃省9座、青海省4座)2023-12-18(doy 352)1 Hz的高频观测数据,选取并收集积石山地震震区周边420~873 km的5座国家基准站数据作为起算点,站点信息如表1所示。
高频动态PPP解算采用全频率精密单点定位(模糊度固定)软件PRIDE PPP-AR[11]和GAMIT中的TRACK运动学分析模块;静态解算采用GAMIT 10.70/GLOBK 5.31[12]。根据震级与影响范围相关关系[4],采用PRIDE PPP-AR软件计算分析3级以上余震对基准站的瞬时同震形变位移影响,结果显示, 余震未造成基准站点发生显著位移,与黄观文等[10]对余震的分析结果一致,故静态处理时将地震前后0.5 h的数据舍弃, 进行震前、震后分段处理。
使用武汉大学提供的快速星历和钟差等产品,利用PRIDE PPP-AR软件对震中附近基准站地震当天(doy 352)的高频数据进行处理,然后对各站点N、E、U坐标时间序列进行分析,PPP动态解算主要参数设置如表2所示。TRACK模块采用双差模式进行高精度动态定位,其处理策略为:选择一个稳固且已知精确坐标的基准站作为参考站,采用IGS精密星历,基于相对定位的双差观测模型消除接收机钟差、卫星钟差影响,再采用卡尔曼滤波法逐历元进行参数估计,得到待解站相对于参考站的相对坐标结果[13]。本文选择SNFX站(陕西凤县国家站,距震中400 km,1 Hz数据)作为参考站,采用TRACK模块完成震中附近的基准站数据解算。
根据实际情况,将收集到的地震周边基准站数据以地震时刻为界分段处理,分为doy 352震前(12-18 08:00-23:30,共15.5 h)和doy 352震后(12-19 00:30-08:00,共7.5 h)2段。静态解算可以准确反映地震造成的基准站永久形变位移,静态解算主要模型和策略如表3。采用远离震区、长期稳定运行的国家站作为起算点,分析在CGCS2000和ITRF2020两种框架下的解算和平差处理结果,确定此次地震对震中附近基准站形变位移变化的影响。ITRF2020是由国际地球自转与参考服务(IERS)发布的最新的全球参考框架,CGCS2000是我国法定大地坐标系,计算分析2种不同框架下的坐标可更为全面地反映GNSS基准站的形变位移。根据相关文献同等震级下的影响范围[3-4],对5个国家站进行PPP动态计算,显示在地震时段未出现异常波动,说明选择的国家站未受到本次积石山地震影响,可作为起算点。
在ITRF2020和CGCS2000框架下,分别对震前、震后基线解算精度进行统计,结果如表4所示。
由表4可知:
1) 在ITRF2020框架下,震前GNSS网相邻点基线南北分量的中误差平均值为1.24 mm,东西分量的中误差平均值为1.19 mm,垂直分量的中误差平均值为5.33 mm,基线相对中误差平均值为1.62×10-8;震后GNSS网相邻点基线南北分量的中误差平均值为1.70 mm,东西分量的中误差平均值为1.51 mm,垂直分量的中误差平均值为7.51 mm,基线相对中误差平均值为2.15×10-8。
2) 在CGCS2000框架下,震前GNSS网相邻点基线南北分量的中误差平均值为1.24 mm,东西分量的中误差平均值为1.19 mm,垂直分量的中误差平均值为5.35 mm,基线相对中误差平均值为1.63×10-8;震后GNSS网相邻点基线南北分量的中误差平均值为1.71 mm,东西分量的中误差平均值为1.51 mm,垂直分量的中误差平均值为7.54 mm,GNSS网基线相对中误差平均值为2.15×10-8。
结果表明,在上述2种框架下震前、震后基线解算精度较高且基本一致,解算结果可靠。由于本次收集的是震区1 s数据,本文还采用10 s数据进行解算,结果显示,与30 s解算差异极小,同时也验证了解算结果的准确性。本文均是对30 s解算结果进行分析。
在ITRF2020和CGCS2000框架下,对获取的震前、震后坐标平差成果进行统计,结果如表5所示。
由表5可见,ITRF2020和CGCS2000框架在震前、震后各个站点平差后坐标精度较高,且震前、震后精度具有同等的量级,震前水平(N、E)方向在0.9~1.6 mm之间,高程方向在3.0~5.7 mm之间,因震后数据时长稍短,水平(N、E)方向精度在1.3~2.0 mm,高程方向精度在4.8~9.2 mm,说明基准站数据静态解算和平差结果均正确可靠,静态解算结果可以为基准站形变位移分析提供可靠的数据支撑。
采用PRIDE PPP-AR软件对距离震中较近的7座GNSS基准站数据进行高频动态解算,得到单历元结果;使用TRACK对收集的震中13座基准站数据进行处理,获取GNSS基准站同震形变位移时间序列(GNHZ、GNXH站因数据质量原因不作统计),结果如下:
1) 分析PRIDE PPP-AR软件和TRACK高频动态计算结果(图1),显示距震中最近的LXJS站(积石山站,距震中5.3 km)在地震时水平方向出现较为显著的同震形变位移波动,地震时N向瞬时最大偏差约5.0 cm,E向瞬时最大偏差约3.5 cm,U向瞬时变化不明显。图中红线表示地震发生时间23:59:30,偏差是与坐标平均值的差值。由图可见,TRACK和PRIDE PPP-AR均可反映在地震时刻水平方向坐标波动,并且具有较好的一致性,说明TRACK和PRIDE PPP-AR均可准确反映地震对基准站造成的同震形变位移影响,可用来进行地震监测和灾害预警。因TRACK模块仅支持计算GPS系统,与支持全频率模糊度固定的精密单点定位软件PRIDE PPP-AR相比,时间序列精度以及稳定性稍差。
2) GUTI站(官亭站,距震中23.3 km)PRIDE PPP-AR和TRACK结果(图2)均显示在地震时刻产生明显同震位移变化信号,其中N、E方向具有较好的一致性,地震的N向瞬时最大偏差约5.9 cm,E向瞬时最大偏差约6.4 cm,U向瞬时最大偏差约3.2 cm。
3) LXYJ站(永靖站,距震中36.9 km)PRIDE PPP-AR和TRACK结果(图3)均显示,地震时E向瞬时波动偏差最大约2.2 cm;PRIDE PPP-AR结果显示,地震时N向瞬时波动最大偏差约3.0 cm,但TRACK结果显示N向变化不明显;二者均显示U向变化不明显。
4) LXHZ站(和政站,距震中59.1 km)结果如图4所示,PRIDE PPP-AR计算结果显示N向瞬时波动最大偏差约3.0 cm,E向和U向瞬时变化不明显;TRACK结果显示在3个方向波动均不明显,表明距离此次地震震中60 km时,对基准站的形变影响较小。
由高频动态形变位移时间序列图可以看出,LXJS站在水平方向明显产生了永久形变。为获取该站点的永久形变量,选择震前和震后比较平稳的连续100个历元计算平均值作为震前和震后坐标值,再由震后平均值减去震前平均值得到永久同震形变量;误差计算则是先计算震前和震后的各自平均值中误差,然后根据误差传播定律计算同震形变的误差值[14]。因垂向计算精度低,形变误差较大,这里不作分析。结果如表6、7所示。
由表6、7可见,PRIDE PPP-AR计算显示地震导致LXJS站在N向产生-8.7± 3.9 mm的永久形变位移,E向产生12.0±4.8 mm的永久形变位移;TRACK计算结果显示地震导致LXJS站在N向产生-15.1±5.5 mm的永久形变位移,E向产生16.4±3.2 mm的永久形变位移,2种解算模式在方向和量级上基本一致。其他站点N、E向永久形变量均小于1 cm。
震前、震后静态解算坐标结果(表8)显示,2种框架在水平方向坐标精度均为1.0~2.0 mm。震后坐标减去震前坐标,可分析地震导致的基准站形变位移大小以及移动方向,根据震前、震后坐标精度和误差传播定律计算形变位移误差。地震导致LXJS站在水平方向发生显著位移,在ITRF2020框架下,LXJS站向东变化11.5±1.8 mm、向南变化13.0±1.8 mm,其他站点N、E方向位移变化均小于5 mm;在CGCS2000框架下,LXJS站向东变化11.5±1.8 mm、向南变化13.9±1.8 mm,表现为东南方向右旋运动特征。
其他站点各方向位移变化不明显,震区内各站点在高程方向无显著位移变化。根据形变位移大小得到地震主要影响区域为震中附近50 km左右,2种框架下地震前后水平方向变化如图5、6所示。高频动态解算的永久形变结果与静态解算结果基本一致,同时与其他机构发布的结果一致[10, 14]。由于高频动态解算受实时数据、卫星产品和算法策略等因素影响,结果表明,地震导致的GNSS基准站永久形变达到cm级以上。高频动态解算结果可用于站点永久形变量的初步计算与评估。
通过对积石山地震前后的GNSS数据综合处理与分析,显示地震给震中附近的GNSS地面基准站造成了较为显著的同震形变位移波动和永久形变位移,主要结论如下:
1) 基于高频动态PPP和双差TRACK两种模式的解算结果表明,距震中最近的LXJS基准站在地震时刻瞬时产生约5 cm的同震形变位移波动,其永久位移超过10 mm,其余站点位移变化不明显。
2) GNSS静态解算结果表明,地震造成距震中最近的LXJS基准站产生向南约13.9 mm、向东约11.5 mm永久形变,整体呈现向东南方向18.0 mm的水平形变位移,其余站点无显著位移变化,对距震中50 km以外的GNSS基准站影响较小。因此,建议对该区域内的各种构筑物、公路、桥梁等基础设施加强后期巡查监测,避免发生次生灾害。
3) 高频动态解算和GNSS静态解算均可用于地震对GNSS地面基准站造成的形变影响研究,PPP和TRACK可以实现实时分析和快速响应,反映瞬时同震波动变化和永久形变,但是静态解算的永久形变结果更为精准可靠。本文策略和方法可用于快速分析地震的影响,为防震减灾和实时导航定位服务提供参考和数据支撑。
  • 西安市科技计划(24ZDCYJSGG0015)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划(2022ZDLSF07-12)
  • 陕西测绘地理信息局科技创新项目(SCK2023-03)
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Li Zhicai, Chen Zhi, Wu Junli, et al. Co-Seismic Deformation of the Jishishan 6.2 Earthquake in Gansu Province Based on High-Frequency GNSS Observation[J/OL]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WHCH20240112002.htm, 2024-01-15
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.071
  • 接收时间:2024-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-20
基金
Science and Technology Program of Xi'an(24ZDCYJSGG0015)
西安市科技计划(24ZDCYJSGG0015)
Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022ZDLSF07-12)
陕西省重点研发计划(2022ZDLSF07-12)
Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shaanxi Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation(SCK2023-03)
陕西测绘地理信息局科技创新项目(SCK2023-03)
作者信息
    1 自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心, 西安市友谊东路344号, 710054
    2 国家基础地理信息中心, 北京市莲花池西路28号, 100830
    3 甘肃省测绘工程院, 兰州市滩尖子路66号, 730050
    4 青海省基础测绘院, 西宁市黄河路13号, 810001

通讯作者:

张庆涛,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为大地测量、测绘新技术研究,E-mail:

ZHANG Qingtao, professor, majors in geodesy, new surveying and mapping technologies, E-mail:

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.02.071
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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