Article(id=1322917029698732644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916945741348911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.305, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757260800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337598489, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337598489, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337598489, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337598489, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916945741348911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1039', pageEnd='1170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337578473, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337578473, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1070, endPage=1079, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322917029879087717, articleId=1322917029698732644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Induced Current Characteristics before the 2021 Horqin MS4.7 Earthquake Based on Geomagnetic Anti-Phase, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the 2021 Horqin MS4.7 earthquake as a case study, this paper uses the Biot-Savart law and the Monte-Carlo method, and employs the abnormal amplitude of the anti-phase geomagnetic vertical component at observation stations to invert and locate the information of these earthquake-induced currents. It reveals the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the induced currents related to the pre-earthquake geomagnetic anti-phase anomalies, as well as their correlations and influences with seismogenic structures and nearby/far-field earthquakes in the surrounding areas. Spatial distribution of induced currents: 1)The distribution trend of the peak value of induced currents is similar to the nature of the seismogenic fault. 2)Conjugate-shaped induced currents appear before the earthquake. Temporal sequence analysis of induced current depth: 1)The depth of induced currents during the earthquake occurrence period is very close to the focal depth. 2)As the earthquake approaches in time, the first-order difference of the shallowest depth of induced currents shows a convergent trend. 3)Surrounding earthquake events can cause the phenomenon of "shrinking before the earthquake and increasing after the earthquake" in the maximum depth of induced currents.This study represents a new attempt in the application of the electromagnetic discipline to the location of earthquake precursor anomalies, and provides new ideas for the short-term and imminent earthquake prediction methods based on electromagnetic anomalies.

, authors=Hua NIAN1, Longchen MA1, Zhisheng FENG2, Jiye LI1, *, authorsList=Hua NIAN, Longchen MA, Zhisheng FENG, Jiye LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiye LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322917033444246134, articleId=1322917029698732644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震震前地磁反相位感应电流特征分析, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震为震例,采用毕奥-萨伐尔定律和Monte Carlo法,利用台站地磁垂直分量反相位异常幅度来反演定位这些由地震引发的感应电流信息,揭示震前地磁反相位异常变化感应电流的时空演化特征及其与发震构造和周边远、近场地震的关联和影响。感应电流空间分布方面,感应电流峰值分布走向与发震断层性质相似;震前会出现共轭形态感应电流;区域周边地震事件和日本海6级以上强震会触发感应电流向其震中方向迁移。感应电流深度分布方面,发震时段感应电流深度与震源深度十分接近;随时间临近发震,感应电流最浅深度的一阶差分呈现收敛趋势;周边地震事件会引发感应电流最大深度出现“震前缩小-震后增大”现象。本文是电磁学科在地震前兆异常定位的新尝试,可为电磁异常的地震短临预测提供新思路。

, authors=年华1, 马龙辰1, 冯志生2, 李继业1, *, authorsList=年华, 马龙辰, 冯志生, 李继业, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李继业, authorNote=

年华,工程师,主要研究方向为地球电磁学综合分析,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李继业,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为地震综合预测、地震前兆机理研究,E-mail:
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年华,工程师,主要研究方向为地球电磁学综合分析,E-mail:

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年华,工程师,主要研究方向为地球电磁学综合分析,E-mail:

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Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2005, 27 (2): 205- 212, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322917055225266947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=307, pageEnd=318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=73, authorNames=朱彤, 李本仙, 李耀宗, journalName=世界地质, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱彤, 李本仙, 李耀宗, 等. 活动断裂带断层泥中石英颗粒表面微形貌特征: 以内蒙古水泉子沟-天山口断裂带为例[J]. 世界地质, 2021, 40 (2): 307- 318, articleTitle=活动断裂带断层泥中石英颗粒表面微形貌特征: 以内蒙古水泉子沟-天山口断裂带为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322917055518868228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=307, pageEnd=318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=74, authorNames=Zhu Tong, Li Benxian, Li Yaozong, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhu Tong , Li Benxian , Li Yaozong , et al. 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①~⑥为反相位分析点及时间,O点为反相位分析参考点及其时间

, figureFileSmall=pmLu0fNy5anc5UM0v5STrA==, figureFileBig=gacTrXP3arjCjp1ymzSwsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917038469022367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Distribution of depth of induced current at analysis point ⑤, figureFileSmall=6KUX/PzDuGg5HdHHHuMpiA==, figureFileBig=UYC8nRNHr5b/ZaxR/ovzuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917038678737568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=CN, label=图2, caption=⑤ 号分析点感应电流的深度分布

(a)图中,红色细虚线为地壳内感应电流等深线,粗虚线为地壳内感应电流峰走向线,红点为科尔沁地震震中,黑色三角形为参与计算的地磁台站,图中深度单位为km,下同

, figureFileSmall=6KUX/PzDuGg5HdHHHuMpiA==, figureFileBig=UYC8nRNHr5b/ZaxR/ovzuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917038745846433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Geological structure map of the M4.7 earthquake in Horqin on 21 October, 2021, figureFileSmall=3lvwL+Xh7k7rAIAIqm55IQ==, figureFileBig=i+ARo5BV7G4PBxEvU4gQ9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917038821343906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2021-10-21科尔沁4.7级地震地质构造图, figureFileSmall=3lvwL+Xh7k7rAIAIqm55IQ==, figureFileBig=i+ARo5BV7G4PBxEvU4gQ9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917038888452771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution of depth of induced current related only to the M4.7 Horqin earthquake, figureFileSmall=jdGn8Y/HU1NxmeInbk5rnw==, figureFileBig=o4oj0jgmiWNo7sBZ0AZe2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917038976533156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=CN, label=图4, caption=仅与科尔沁4.7级地震相关的感应电流的深度分布, figureFileSmall=jdGn8Y/HU1NxmeInbk5rnw==, figureFileBig=o4oj0jgmiWNo7sBZ0AZe2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917039047836325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Distribution of depth of induced current affected by surrounding earthquakes, figureFileSmall=TXK5kIVclrCZnMNtysbUXQ==, figureFileBig=kZ/Lr4GTGL3RmaCp36fm8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917039114945190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=CN, label=图5, caption=受周边地震影响的感应电流的深度分布, figureFileSmall=TXK5kIVclrCZnMNtysbUXQ==, figureFileBig=kZ/Lr4GTGL3RmaCp36fm8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917039198831271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Distribution of depth of induced current influenced by external forces, figureFileSmall=JkA+JFcojgCoF9N6GsyEtg==, figureFileBig=GQJFGwA14/IDDeroggp4bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917039270134440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=CN, label=图6, caption=受外部动力影响的感应电流的深度分布, figureFileSmall=JkA+JFcojgCoF9N6GsyEtg==, figureFileBig=GQJFGwA14/IDDeroggp4bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917039341437609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Time-series variations of induced current in the anti-phase event of the Horqin M4.6 earthquake, figureFileSmall=w+otpEmEEqzmnkdmy81FWQ==, figureFileBig=mL/1WK+oMtJIXNOFUzD83A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322917039421129386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322917029698732644, language=CN, label=图7, caption=科尔沁4.6级地震反相位事件感应电流时序变化

(a)中箭头为发震时刻,点为深度值,曲线为点的连线;(b)和(c)中虚线为趋势线,A~E为最大深度变浅区段

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Comparison table of Pacific subduction time in the study area

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序号 发震日期 北纬/(°) 东经/(°) 震级MS 地点 可推测的感应电流受太平洋板块影响时段
1 2021-05-01 38.15 141.54 6.6 日本本州 2021-04—06
2 2021-05-14 37.42 141.57 6.0 日本本州 2021-04—06
3 2021-09-29 38.54 135.33 6.4 日本海 2021-07—10
4 2021-11-29 47.39 142.44 6.4 日本本州 2021-09—10
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研究区域内太平洋俯冲作用时间对照表

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序号 发震日期 北纬/(°) 东经/(°) 震级MS 地点 可推测的感应电流受太平洋板块影响时段
1 2021-05-01 38.15 141.54 6.6 日本本州 2021-04—06
2 2021-05-14 37.42 141.57 6.0 日本本州 2021-04—06
3 2021-09-29 38.54 135.33 6.4 日本海 2021-07—10
4 2021-11-29 47.39 142.44 6.4 日本本州 2021-09—10
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Earthquake catalog in Fig. 7

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最大深度变浅区段 发震日期 北纬/(°) 东经/(°) 震级MS 地点 与科尔沁地震震中距/km
A2020-06-08 45.69 114.63 4.3 蒙古 475.9
2020-07-04 47.08 116.41 5.3 蒙古 441.4
2020-07-04 47.02 116.30 3.6 蒙古 442.7
2020-07-12 39.78 118.44 5.0 河北古冶 512.5
B 2020-09-01 47.65 116.9 3.8 蒙古 466.4
C2021-01-11 42.59 123.13 3.5 辽宁康平 289.6
2021-02-10 47.66 116.91 3.4 蒙古 466.9
2021-02-14 47.65 116.94 3.7 蒙古 464.7
D2021-07-27 45.34 125.18 3.4 黑龙江肇源 406.9
2021-07-31 46.55 116.14 3.5 蒙古 417.7
E2021-10-12 40.32 123.04 3.3 辽宁岫岩 485.1
2021-10-15 44.18 120.29 4.7 内蒙古科尔沁 0
2022-03-16 45.15 124.45 4.3 吉林宁江 346.1
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图 7中的地震目录

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最大深度变浅区段 发震日期 北纬/(°) 东经/(°) 震级MS 地点 与科尔沁地震震中距/km
A2020-06-08 45.69 114.63 4.3 蒙古 475.9
2020-07-04 47.08 116.41 5.3 蒙古 441.4
2020-07-04 47.02 116.30 3.6 蒙古 442.7
2020-07-12 39.78 118.44 5.0 河北古冶 512.5
B 2020-09-01 47.65 116.9 3.8 蒙古 466.4
C2021-01-11 42.59 123.13 3.5 辽宁康平 289.6
2021-02-10 47.66 116.91 3.4 蒙古 466.9
2021-02-14 47.65 116.94 3.7 蒙古 464.7
D2021-07-27 45.34 125.18 3.4 黑龙江肇源 406.9
2021-07-31 46.55 116.14 3.5 蒙古 417.7
E2021-10-12 40.32 123.04 3.3 辽宁岫岩 485.1
2021-10-15 44.18 120.29 4.7 内蒙古科尔沁 0
2022-03-16 45.15 124.45 4.3 吉林宁江 346.1
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2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震震前地磁反相位感应电流特征分析
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年华 1 , 马龙辰 1 , 冯志生 2 , 李继业 1, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(9): 1070-1079
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (9) : 1070 -1079
2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震震前地磁反相位感应电流特征分析
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年华1 , 马龙辰1, 冯志生2, 李继业1, *
作者信息
  • 1 黑龙江省地震局, 哈尔滨, 150090
  • 2 江苏省地震局, 南京, 210014
通讯作者:
李继业,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为地震综合预测、地震前兆机理研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

年华,工程师,主要研究方向为地球电磁学综合分析,E-mail:

Induced Current Characteristics before the 2021 Horqin MS4.7 Earthquake Based on Geomagnetic Anti-Phase
Hua NIAN1 , Longchen MA1, Zhisheng FENG2, Jiye LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Heilongjiang Earthquake Agency, Harbin 150090, China
  • 2 Jiangsu Earthquake Agency, Nanjing 210014, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.305
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以2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震为震例,采用毕奥-萨伐尔定律和Monte Carlo法,利用台站地磁垂直分量反相位异常幅度来反演定位这些由地震引发的感应电流信息,揭示震前地磁反相位异常变化感应电流的时空演化特征及其与发震构造和周边远、近场地震的关联和影响。感应电流空间分布方面,感应电流峰值分布走向与发震断层性质相似;震前会出现共轭形态感应电流;区域周边地震事件和日本海6级以上强震会触发感应电流向其震中方向迁移。感应电流深度分布方面,发震时段感应电流深度与震源深度十分接近;随时间临近发震,感应电流最浅深度的一阶差分呈现收敛趋势;周边地震事件会引发感应电流最大深度出现“震前缩小-震后增大”现象。本文是电磁学科在地震前兆异常定位的新尝试,可为电磁异常的地震短临预测提供新思路。

发震构造  /  感应电流  /  深度变化  /  共轭现象  /  迁移特征  /  科尔沁MS4.7地震

Taking the 2021 Horqin MS4.7 earthquake as a case study, this paper uses the Biot-Savart law and the Monte-Carlo method, and employs the abnormal amplitude of the anti-phase geomagnetic vertical component at observation stations to invert and locate the information of these earthquake-induced currents. It reveals the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the induced currents related to the pre-earthquake geomagnetic anti-phase anomalies, as well as their correlations and influences with seismogenic structures and nearby/far-field earthquakes in the surrounding areas. Spatial distribution of induced currents: 1)The distribution trend of the peak value of induced currents is similar to the nature of the seismogenic fault. 2)Conjugate-shaped induced currents appear before the earthquake. Temporal sequence analysis of induced current depth: 1)The depth of induced currents during the earthquake occurrence period is very close to the focal depth. 2)As the earthquake approaches in time, the first-order difference of the shallowest depth of induced currents shows a convergent trend. 3)Surrounding earthquake events can cause the phenomenon of "shrinking before the earthquake and increasing after the earthquake" in the maximum depth of induced currents.This study represents a new attempt in the application of the electromagnetic discipline to the location of earthquake precursor anomalies, and provides new ideas for the short-term and imminent earthquake prediction methods based on electromagnetic anomalies.

seismic structure  /  induced current  /  depth changes  /  conjugation phenomenon  /  migration characteristics  /  Horqin MS4.7 earthquake
年华, 马龙辰, 冯志生, 李继业. 2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震震前地磁反相位感应电流特征分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (9) : 1070 -1079 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.305
Hua NIAN, Longchen MA, Zhisheng FENG, Jiye LI. Induced Current Characteristics before the 2021 Horqin MS4.7 Earthquake Based on Geomagnetic Anti-Phase[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (9) : 1070 -1079 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.305
地震预测是地球科学领域的重大挑战之一,而地磁异常作为潜在的地震前兆信号,一直以来都受到广泛关注。众多专家学者针对震前地磁前兆异常提出了很多预报方法,包括地磁加卸载响应比[1]、地磁逐日比[2]、地磁低点位移[3]和地磁日变化空间相关[4]等,这些方法的理论都是基于地震孕育过程中岩石的电导率变化[5-8]。地壳与上地幔的应力积累和流体迁移可能导致岩石局部电导率异常[9-10],使地壳-上地幔电导率产生横向不均匀变化,其典型磁场响应特征表现为高导带(高导电流通道)两侧地磁垂直分量呈反相位空间分布模式[11-21],可归因于高导带内部感应电流激发的磁场(即感应磁效应)[21-23]。
威斯基于稳恒磁场毕奥-萨伐尔定律构建了沿地磁反相位分界线水平展布的高导圆柱体几何模型,解释了德国北部地磁感应场反相位异常事件及其地下高导圆柱体内感应电流分布特征[16-17];范国华等[24]研究发现,地磁反相位感应电流分布形态与研究区第四纪沉积岩层相似;冯志生等[25]发现,强震前震源周边地区的地磁反相位异常来自几个反相位区域分界线下方的感应电流场,其形态以线或带状分布;章鑫等[26-27]利用毕奥-萨伐尔定律分别解算2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震和2018年川滇块体周边地磁垂直分量反相位异常的感应电流分布信息,发现感应电流分布与该地区壳内高导层顶部位置近乎相同,证实了震前地磁反相位异常的感应电流会以线性或带状集中分布于反相位分界线的下方;孙君嵩等[28]初步分析了2021年漾濞6.4级地震地下感应面电流,发现地震多出现在感应电流深度变化梯度带上,且位于楔嵌体的边缘。尽管已有研究取得了一定进展,但地磁异常与地震的关系仍存在很多待探索的空间,如不同构造背景下地磁感应电流分布形态的时空特征、地磁感应电流异常对中等或中小地震的响应效果和地磁感应电流对准确定位发震地点及其形态与发震构造的关系等。
本文通过梳理2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震震中附近地磁台网数据,计算获得地下感应电流分布信息,结合震例系统分析震前地磁反相位感应电流源的空间分布形态和深度时序特征及其与地震的关系。
首先采用矩谐分析方法[29-30]对研究区所选地磁台站地磁数据进行内外源场分离,获得各台站内源场(感应场)变化序列,量取感应场垂直分量反相位变化期间各台站XYZ三分量的同步变化幅度。实际计算时采用矩谐阶数为4阶,参加计算台站不少于28个。
由于反相位变化缓慢,为简化运算,视反相位变化磁场为稳恒磁场,采用稳恒磁场毕奥-萨伐尔定律和垂直分量感应场反相位变化期间XYZ三分量同步变化幅度,可基本确定反相位变化的感应电流位置。因为交变感应电流分布于导体表面的电磁感应规律,本文采用面电流模式确定感应电流位置[31-34],并通过面电流解算公式[28]计算得到各台站感应面电流的深度和密度,结合克里金插值法等方法获得感应面电流深度和电流密度的空间分布形态。
值得注意的是,由于插值法的局限性,数据密集区和稀疏区的结果会存在一定差异。密集区的图形形态会更真实,感应电流的梯度带会更具体且明显,而稀疏区的结果会丢失很多空间细节,无法捕捉到显著的感应电流梯度带变化,故对感应电流异常形态的判断带来一定的难度。如果从历史数据来跟踪异常图形的变化,也可以估算出适合本区域的感应电流异常形态,但对于异常位置和预测时间的判定误差会比密集区域的结果要大。
以2021-10-07为例,图 1为当天全时段所选地磁台垂直分量感应场时序变化曲线的叠加,不同曲线以不同颜色来区分,以几处反相位变化明显的位置作分析点。量取各分析点相对于无变化或弱相位变化位置O点的反相位变化幅度来绘制感应电流深度的二维及三维分布图(图 2)。统计分析发现,感应电流异常的特征为单峰或多峰状,且都呈带状分布,其中最典型的是具有双峰的马鞍状形态。
壳内感应电流集中分布区表征了有流体参与的深部构造活动形成的壳内高导区顶界,其空间展布形态具有显著的地形起伏特征[35](图 2(b))。当感应电流分布深度≥30 km时,指示深部构造活动活跃,且流体已渗透至地壳浅部;其在二维平面图上表现为梯度带形态,可直接反映构造活动的优势方位,用虚线将凸起的峰连接可获取感应电流峰的走向线(图 2(a))。根据感应电流峰的不同走向可以绘制出一条或多条走向线。
根据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2021-10-15 05:10内蒙古自治区赤峰市科尔沁(44.20°N,120.24°E)发生MS4.7地震,震源深度15 km。通过地磁日变化空间相关异常判定方法发现,此次地震震前0.5 a左右,震中附近出现了地磁日变化空间相关异常,且存在地磁垂直分量日变化反相位异常事件。本文采用中国地震局地球物理研究所提供的震中附近28个台站的地磁(FHD质子磁力仪和GM4磁通门磁力仪)分钟数据,根据电磁学科异常核实大纲要求,2021-04起按月筛选地磁日变化反相位事件(每月至少1个),解算感应电流参数,并结合构造信息和周边地震开展关联性研究。
科尔沁位于大兴安岭褶皱带的南延部,古生代以来经历了多次构造运动,形成复杂的断裂体系和火山岩分布。研究区西南部的西拉木伦河断裂带为华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的分界,属于重要的深大断裂,控制区域岩浆活动和沉积作用[36];东北部紧邻的嫩江断裂带为东北地区重要的发震构造之一。区域内还发育多条次级断裂,部分可能为活动断层。
研究区域历史强震较少,以中小震为主。2021-10-15科尔沁4.7级地震是该区域2003年5.9级地震后的又一例中强地震,震源机制为NNW向拉张为主的走滑正断层[37]。部分学者认为,2次地震均受控于水泉子沟-天山口断裂[38-40],该断裂是由NWW向的水泉子沟-西山湾段和NW向的杨树林-天山口段组成[41],但其与2021年科尔沁地震震中约30 km的空间间距削弱了构造关联性。研究表明,主破裂未延伸至地表,推测发震构造为震中附近NW-SE向隐伏断裂[42](图 3)。
程远志等[43]利用大地电磁测深方法对甘孜断裂带进行研究发现,地壳内存在显著的低阻高导层,这些高导体通常被解释为地壳含有流体或部分熔融物质的区域。流体的存在会显著降低断层的强度和摩擦系数,这使得断层在较低的构造应力下就容易发生滑动,从而促进地震的孕育和发生。
虽然科尔沁与甘孜断裂带分属不同构造区,但流体在孕震过程中的关键作用是普适性的。在太平洋板块俯冲导致的地幔热物质上涌[44]和华北克拉通显著深源流体释放等多重作用下,研究区地下可能存在与深部岩浆侵入或流体活动相关的低速带[45],为科尔沁地区存在类似的孕震电性环境提供了旁证。因此,可推测科尔沁地震的孕震模式为:在太平洋板块俯冲所主导的区域构造应力场作用下,应力在科尔沁地区先存的薄弱构造上集中;深部来源的流体向上迁移,在断裂带内及其周围形成高导层,弱化了断层面的强度;当构造应力累积到超过被流体弱化的断层临界强度时,断层失稳破裂,引发地震。
以科尔沁地震震中(44.20°N,120.24°E)为近似中心,选取空间范围38°~50°N、110°~130°E,利用克里金插值法绘制区域下方地磁反相位感应电流深度的二维分布信息,精选了部分具有代表性形态的图件(图 4~6,其中红点为科尔沁4.7级地震震中,紫色五角星为宁江4.3级地震震中,绿色五角星为肇源3.4级地震震中,黄色五角星为蒙古3.5级地震震中,蓝色五角星为岫岩3.3级地震震中,深度单位为km)进行分析。将不同方向的感应电流峰(感应电流峰走向线)用虚线标注,并列出科尔沁地震震中距400 km前后6个月内MS≥3.3的浅源地震。地壳内高导层上方浅源地震发生率最高[18],故本文着重关注地壳内(h≥-30 km)感应电流分布状态,以揭示地磁感应电流与浅源地震的关联。
如图 3和4所示,科尔沁4.7级地震前地磁反相位事件的感应电流主要分布方向为NW和SE向,与发震断层NW-SE向的构造走向吻合度较高,且NNW向(断层破裂方向)居多。在不受周边其他地震事件干扰的理想情况下,感应电流通常集中分布于目标地震的震中区域,空间范围局限、形态收敛[9, 26-27]。然而,实际构造环境复杂,中强震前周边构造单元常伴随协同活动或中小地震,致使感应电流形态发生变化。此外,科尔沁地区的构造动力源主要来自太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块的俯冲和碰撞[42]。此类外部动力作用(如远场强震的能量传导)对板源和板内的辐射面积广[46],可导致感应电流的红区范围显著向外扩展,并沿板块作用方向(如向太平洋板块)延伸(图 6)。统计表明,日本海6级以上强震前后2个月左右,可观测到感应电流迁移现象(表 1)。震级越大,所激发感应电流的辐射范围越广。
由图 5可知,科尔沁4.7级地震的感应电流形态会受周边中小地震活动影响而发生迁移变化。从物理机制上看,感应电流作为地下构造活动的电磁响应,其强度与集中程度通常与地震能量呈正相关。在无显著外场干扰条件下,单一地震所引发的感应电流多呈单峰或多峰带状分布,电流峰形态较为对称,各峰区面积差异不大(图 4)。本次震例显示,震中区域感应电流具有典型的共轭分布特征:震中多位于单个感应电流峰走向线上,或分布于两条感应电流峰走向线的交点附近,具体分布于马鞍状的凹陷处或两个类纺锤状的交界处附近;故可归纳异常的显著形态为共轭分布的马鞍状双峰形态。该形态可能与深部高阻体之间因拆离滑动事件形成的高导电流通道有关,反映了震源区及周边介质的电性结构非均匀性[10]。
周边小地震引起的局部构造活动会使主震对应的感应电流向次要震源方向迁移。此过程导致原有集中分布的感应电流区发生形变,具体表现为近小震一侧的电流圈范围扩展、轴向拉长,或内圈向小震侧收缩靠拢(图 5)。为清晰辨识不同地震的影响,图 5中以不同颜色标注各震中,并用对应色箭头或渐变带指示迁移路径。这些小震多集中在马鞍状的凸起处,即红色感应电流圈外缘(图 5)。
上述感应电流对周边小震和远场强震的空间响应特征为评估区域地震危险性提供了辅助判据。由于本次研究震例(4.7级)与周边地震的震级差较小,使得电流迁移现象易于识别。通过分析电流峰的形态变化、迁移方向与周边地震的空间关系,可有效判断引起迁移的具体震源。若研究震例为6级以上强震,则此类迁移现象可能因能量优势突出而趋于不明显。因此,感应电流迁移现象的显著程度,本质上受目标地震与周边地震之间的震级差控制,震级差越小,越容易捕捉迁移特征。
为进一步揭示孕震过程电磁响应的时序演化规律,将研究时段扩展至震前1.5 a(2020-04—2021-10),分析感应电流深度的时间序列,解析感应电流深度参数与构造活动、地震事件的时空关联特征。本文通过多尺度、系统性的分析,揭示了地磁反相位感应电流深度的变化特性,包括发震当日感应电流深度的动态演化特征(图 7(a))、震前1.5 a内感应电流最浅深度一阶差分序列(图 7(b))以及震前1.5 a内感应电流深度时序变化图谱(图 7(c)),较全面地揭示了感应电流深度从长期(年、月尺度)到临震(日尺度)的全过程演化。
图 7(a)显示,科尔沁地震发震当日的感应电流深度(-3~-24 km)呈现上下波动特征。发震时刻的感应电流深度(-18.5 km)与精定位震源深度(-19.9 km)十分接近,表明临震阶段感应电流活动已耦合至孕震层位。图 7(b)显示,震前1.5 a内感应电流最浅深度的一阶差分值ΔHt呈现收敛趋势,表明孕震过程在临震阶段浅部感应电流活动趋于稳定,可能反映区域应力场进入准静态平衡状态。图 7(c)显示,在震前普遍存在感应电流深度由深到浅的变化特征,结合区域构造背景可以推测震前存在深部热流体上涌的现象[18]。震前1.5 a内感应电流最大深度发生5次显著变浅事件(A~E),且与距离科尔沁震中400 km左右MS≥3.3周边地震存在较强时序关联(图 7(c)、图 8和表 2)。通过对照图 7和表 2可知,感应电流最大深度与周边地震存在震前缩小、震后增大特征。区段A(周边地震震级最高,2个5级以上)、区段C(周边地震距离目标地震最近)和区段E(目标地震发震时段)深度变浅幅度较大,其主要表现为:周边地震震级较大,距科尔沁震中更近,揭示了地磁反相位事件的深部感应电流对区域构造扰动的敏感性。图 7整体反映出地磁感应电流异常与地震孕育的时空关联存在“深部扰动-浅部稳定”的特征。
本文基于毕奥-萨伐尔定律与Monte Carlo法,系统分析了2021年科尔沁MS4.7地震前地磁垂直分量反相位异常事件的感应电流空间分布和深度时序变化特征,主要得出以下结论:
1) 空间分布特征表明,震前感应电流体系具有显著构造响应特征。电流分布主方向(NW-SE)与发震断层的构造信息高度一致,验证了构造应力场对电流峰分布方向的控制作用。研究发现, 感应电流走向线的交界处及马鞍状、纺锤状电流结构对震中定位具有指示意义。同时,感应电流的空间分布和迁移特征能有效反映震源区及区域的构造活动。理想情况下,感应电流集中分布于震中区域,但实际受周边地震和远场强震影响,电流会产生定向迁移,导致分布范围扩展和形态变化。感应电流迁移现象的显著程度受目标地震与周边地震震级差控制,该特征为评估区域地震危险性提供了辅助依据。
2) 时序演化特征显示,感应电流深度参数与地震孕育过程存在动力学关联。发震时段电流深度与精定位震源深度的吻合(误差<2 km),表明临震阶段电流活动已深入孕震层位。电流最浅深度一阶差分值趋零现象,暗示孕震系统在临界状态下可能达到能量平衡状态。在临震前感应电流会出现由深到浅的迁移特征,结合区域地质构造特征,可以推测震前存在深部热流体上涌的现象。此外,邻近地震事件引发的感应电流最大深度“震前缩小-震后增大”特征及其空间衰减规律(最大深度变浅幅度与邻近地震距离目标地震的距离呈反相关,与邻近地震震级呈正相关),为识别区域内周边远、近场地震及其能级大小提供了判断依据。这种感应电流的深部扰动-浅部稳定特征,为地磁反相位异常感应电流与地震孕育的时空关联提供了依据。
地磁反相位感应电流的理论和方法是电磁预报方法的新尝试,本研究证实了震前地磁反相位异常与发震构造在空间分布和时序演化上的关联性,揭示了感应电流共轭结构特征和深度动态演变规律,为电磁异常的地震短临预测方法提供了新的思路。然而,当前结论主要建立于单一震例分析,后续研究需通过多震例统计验证普适性,并进一步探索不同构造背景、不同类型地震(如深源地震、序列地震等)震前感应电流分布特征,提升对复杂孕震系统的电磁响应机制的认识。
  • 中国地震局地震监测预报预警项目(CEA-ZQGZ-202601009)
  • 中国地震局地震监测预报预警项目(CEA-JCYJ-202601011)
  • 黑龙江地震局科研项目(202506)
  • 黑龙江地震局科研项目(202507)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.305
  • 接收时间:2025-09-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08
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中国地震局地震监测预报预警项目(CEA-ZQGZ-202601009)
中国地震局地震监测预报预警项目(CEA-JCYJ-202601011)
黑龙江地震局科研项目(202506)
黑龙江地震局科研项目(202507)
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    1 黑龙江省地震局, 哈尔滨, 150090
    2 江苏省地震局, 南京, 210014

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李继业,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为地震综合预测、地震前兆机理研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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