Article(id=1322916955023352604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916858604696290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2026.02.053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1770825600000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337580685, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337580685, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337580685, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337580685, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916858604696290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1038', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337557698, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337557698, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=913, endPage=921, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916956696879902, articleId=1322916955023352604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=High-Precision InSAR Surface Deformation Monitoring of Airport Based on Fucheng-1, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Addressing the challenges of weak scattering and low coherence in airport environments, we establishe a "macro-to-fine" hierarchical deformation monitoring framework based on the Chinese domestic "Fucheng-1" high-resolution SAR satellite, integrating SBAS-InSAR and an improved IPTA technique. A dynamic noise suppression baseline is constructed to optimize the amplitude dispersion index model, and an enhanced IPTA algorithm incorporating adaptive adjustment parameters is proposed, effectively mitigating the difficulty of coherent point selection in low-scattering areas. The results demonstrate that: 1) The improved algorithm increases the density of effective monitoring points within the airport area by 31.7% compared to conventional methods, with an internal accuracy better than 4.1 mm/a. 2) By incorporating multi-source environmental and meteorological data, the physical mechanism of minor differential settlement along the 1.5 km to 2.0 km runway segment is revealed to be driven by seasonal freeze-thaw cycles. The findings confirm the superior applicability and robustness of domestic high-resolution commercial SAR satellites combined with advanced time-series InSAR algorithms for monitoring subtle deformation in transportation infrastructure.

, authors=Shuangcheng ZHANG1, Sijiezi LI1, *, Zhipeng REN1, Jinzhao SI1, Huilun XIANG2, Muhetaer NIJIATI3, Juqing ZHANG1, authorsList=Shuangcheng ZHANG, Sijiezi LI, Zhipeng REN, Jinzhao SI, Huilun XIANG, Muhetaer NIJIATI, Juqing ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Sijiezi LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916959217656633, articleId=1322916955023352604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于涪城一号的机场高精度InSAR地表形变监测, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对机场弱散射与低相干特性,以国产“涪城一号”高分SAR为基础,构建基于SBAS-InSAR与改进IPTA技术的“宏观-精细”分级形变监测体系。通过构建动态噪声抑制基底优化振幅离差指数模型,提出一种引入自适应调节参数的改进IPTA算法,有效解决了低散射区域相干点选取困难的问题。结果表明:1)改进算法在机场区域的有效监测点密度较常规方法提升31.7%,内符合精度优于4.1 mm/a;2)结合多源环境气象数据,揭示跑道1.5~2.0 km区段微小不均匀沉降受季节性冻融循环驱动的物理机制。国产高分商业SAR卫星结合改进时序算法在交通基础设施微小形变监测中具有优越的适用性与稳健性。

, authors=张双成1, 李思洁子1, *, 任志鹏1, 司锦钊1, 向会伦2, 尼加提·穆合塔尔3, 张菊清1, authorsList=张双成, 李思洁子, 任志鹏, 司锦钊, 向会伦, 尼加提·穆合塔尔, 张菊清, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李思洁子, authorNote=

张双成,博士,教授,主要研究方向为对地观测与防灾减灾,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李思洁子, 博士生, 主要研究方向为InSAR机场形变监测与应用, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GRPn2oLFSVIBmL4Zy0Zm2w==, magXml=e92zL/bwz8nSJHn0o2xcZw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Vkyv1uTOQZ9EXDdXGbncCA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ArUmy4ljFEqqmWkeOYqTDw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322916961235116868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916955023352604, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shuangcheng369@chd.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916961327391558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916955023352604, authorId=1322916961235116868, language=EN, stringName=Shuangcheng ZHANG, firstName=Shuangcheng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916961507746631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916955023352604, authorId=1322916961235116868, language=CN, stringName=张双成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 西安, 710054, bio={"content":"

张双成,博士,教授,主要研究方向为对地观测与防灾减灾,E-mail:

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张双成,博士,教授,主要研究方向为对地观测与防灾减灾,E-mail:

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Information of SAR datasets used in the study

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参数 Sentinel-1A FC-1
卫星波段 C波段 C波段
极化方式 VV VV
干涉重访周期 12 d 11 d
成像模式 TOPS Stripmap
分辨率
(距离向×方位向)
2.33 m×13.93 m 1.25 m×1.67 m
扫描幅宽 250 km 25 km
轨道方向 升轨 升轨
影像数量 25 27
影像时间段 2021-05-02—2022-05-09 2023-11-24—2024-09-16
), ArticleFig(id=1322916971590853516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916955023352604, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究中使用的SAR数据集信息

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参数 Sentinel-1A FC-1
卫星波段 C波段 C波段
极化方式 VV VV
干涉重访周期 12 d 11 d
成像模式 TOPS Stripmap
分辨率
(距离向×方位向)
2.33 m×13.93 m 1.25 m×1.67 m
扫描幅宽 250 km 25 km
轨道方向 升轨 升轨
影像数量 25 27
影像时间段 2021-05-02—2022-05-09 2023-11-24—2024-09-16
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基于涪城一号的机场高精度InSAR地表形变监测
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张双成 1 , 李思洁子 1, * , 任志鹏 1 , 司锦钊 1 , 向会伦 2 , 尼加提·穆合塔尔 3 , 张菊清 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(8): 913-921
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (8) : 913 -921
基于涪城一号的机场高精度InSAR地表形变监测
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张双成1 , 李思洁子1, * , 任志鹏1, 司锦钊1, 向会伦2, 尼加提·穆合塔尔3, 张菊清1
作者信息
  • 1 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 西安, 710054
  • 2 民航科研基地(北京)有限公司, 北京, 101300
  • 3 长沙天仪空间科技研究院有限公司, 长沙, 410205
通讯作者:
李思洁子, 博士生, 主要研究方向为InSAR机场形变监测与应用, E-mail:
作者简介:

张双成,博士,教授,主要研究方向为对地观测与防灾减灾,E-mail:

High-Precision InSAR Surface Deformation Monitoring of Airport Based on Fucheng-1
Shuangcheng ZHANG1 , Sijiezi LI1, * , Zhipeng REN1, Jinzhao SI1, Huilun XIANG2, Muhetaer NIJIATI3, Juqing ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 Civil Aviation Research Base Co Ltd, Beijing 101300, China
  • 3 Changsha Spacety Co Ltd, Changsha 410205, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.02.053
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针对机场弱散射与低相干特性,以国产“涪城一号”高分SAR为基础,构建基于SBAS-InSAR与改进IPTA技术的“宏观-精细”分级形变监测体系。通过构建动态噪声抑制基底优化振幅离差指数模型,提出一种引入自适应调节参数的改进IPTA算法,有效解决了低散射区域相干点选取困难的问题。结果表明:1)改进算法在机场区域的有效监测点密度较常规方法提升31.7%,内符合精度优于4.1 mm/a;2)结合多源环境气象数据,揭示跑道1.5~2.0 km区段微小不均匀沉降受季节性冻融循环驱动的物理机制。国产高分商业SAR卫星结合改进时序算法在交通基础设施微小形变监测中具有优越的适用性与稳健性。

机场形变监测  /  涪城一号  /  SBAS-InSAR  /  改进IPTA  /  不均匀沉降

Addressing the challenges of weak scattering and low coherence in airport environments, we establishe a "macro-to-fine" hierarchical deformation monitoring framework based on the Chinese domestic "Fucheng-1" high-resolution SAR satellite, integrating SBAS-InSAR and an improved IPTA technique. A dynamic noise suppression baseline is constructed to optimize the amplitude dispersion index model, and an enhanced IPTA algorithm incorporating adaptive adjustment parameters is proposed, effectively mitigating the difficulty of coherent point selection in low-scattering areas. The results demonstrate that: 1) The improved algorithm increases the density of effective monitoring points within the airport area by 31.7% compared to conventional methods, with an internal accuracy better than 4.1 mm/a. 2) By incorporating multi-source environmental and meteorological data, the physical mechanism of minor differential settlement along the 1.5 km to 2.0 km runway segment is revealed to be driven by seasonal freeze-thaw cycles. The findings confirm the superior applicability and robustness of domestic high-resolution commercial SAR satellites combined with advanced time-series InSAR algorithms for monitoring subtle deformation in transportation infrastructure.

deformation monitoring of airport  /  Fucheng-1  /  SBAS-InSAR  /  improved IPTA  /  differential settlement
张双成, 李思洁子, 任志鹏, 司锦钊, 向会伦, 尼加提·穆合塔尔, 张菊清. 基于涪城一号的机场高精度InSAR地表形变监测. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (8) : 913 -921 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.02.053
Shuangcheng ZHANG, Sijiezi LI, Zhipeng REN, Jinzhao SI, Huilun XIANG, Muhetaer NIJIATI, Juqing ZHANG. High-Precision InSAR Surface Deformation Monitoring of Airport Based on Fucheng-1[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (8) : 913 -921 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.02.053
作为飞机起降的核心载体,跑道若受湿陷性黄土、冻土等特殊地质环境影响产生不均匀沉降,将严重威胁航空运行安全[1]。合成孔径雷达干涉测量(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)技术已成为地表形变研究的重要手段[2-5]。小基线集干涉测量(small baseline subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR)技术[6]、永久散射体干涉测量(persistent scatterer InSAR,PS-InSAR)技术[7]、分布式散射体干涉测量(distributed scatterer InSAR,DS-InSAR)技术[8]、稳定点网络分析(stable point network,SPN)技术[9]、干涉点目标分析(interferometric point target analysis,IPTA)技术[10]及角反射器干涉测量(corner reflector InSAR,CR-InSAR)技术[11]在城市地面沉降监测[12]、地震同震形变分析[13]、冰川运动追踪[14]、火山活动观测[15]、滑坡灾害预警[16-18]及重大基础设施稳定性评估[19-20]方面取得了显著成效。
然而,常规时序InSAR技术应用于机场跑道精细化监测时面临双重挑战。一方面,广泛使用的Sentinel-1A(S1A)等开源数据空间分辨率受限,易在狭窄跑道区域产生混合像元效应[21]。另一方面,沥青跑道对C波段雷达波呈现平滑散射特性,强烈的镜面反射导致其后向散射回波极低[22],在常规处理中常被视为噪声并予以剔除,形成跑道中心监测盲区。
国产商业SAR卫星“涪城一号”(FC-1)具备优于3 m的空间分辨率和11 d的短重访周期,为抑制混合像元干扰提供了硬件基础[23]。但克服沥青道面的弱散射问题仍需稳健的时序算法配合。传统IPTA技术中的振幅离差指数(ADI)模型在处理极低信噪比目标时易发散,导致选点策略保守。为此,本文利用2021—2022年S1A历史存档数据回溯区域周期形变背景,联合2023—2024年FC-1高分数据,提出一种引入自适应调节系数的改进IPTA算法,优化ADI模型以增大弱散射区域相干点密度,实现机场关键设施现势精细化反演,探讨国产高分SAR卫星在行业化应用中的潜力。
研究区位于陕北黄土高原与内蒙古沙漠化草原过渡带(平均海拔约1 407 m)。区域地质以第四系风积沙和湿陷性黄土为主,气候属温带大陆性季风气候。受季节性冻融循环及周边矿区采动应力分布影响,区域地表稳定性较差。机场于2007年通航,跑道全长3 200 m,宽45 m,为沥青混凝土材质。机场建设过程见图 1,数据源自Google Earth。
为兼顾历史形变追溯与现势精细监测,采用2组SAR数据集。利用25景S1A升轨影像(2021-05-02—2022-05-09)建立区域历史沉降基准。针对后续S1A数据时序断档,选取27景FC-1数据(2023-11-24—2024-09-16)填补观测空缺。影像覆盖情况和机场功能分区见图 2,具体数据集参数见表 1。
构建SBAS-InSAR与改进IPTA技术的分层协同监测技术体系(图 3)。利用S1A数据的大幅宽特性,采用SBAS技术获取机场周边大范围的形变背景;针对机场跑道等关键区域,利用FC-1数据的高分辨率特性,采用改进的IPTA技术进行精细化处理。
SBAS-InSAR技术通过设置时空基线阈值划分数据子集(图 4)。对tA和tB时刻获取的SAR影像进行差分干涉,其中任意一点的干涉相位公式如下:
$\begin{gather*}\Delta \emptyset_{i}=\emptyset_{t_{B}}-\emptyset_{t_{A}}=\emptyset_{\mathrm{top}, x, y}^{k}+\emptyset_{\mathrm{def}, x, y}^{k}+ \\\emptyset_{\mathrm{orb}, x, y}^{k}+\emptyset_{\mathrm{atm}, x, y}^{k}+\emptyset_{\mathrm{noise}, x, y}^{k} \end{gather*}$
式中,i∈(1, …,M);∅def, x, yk为第k个干涉对中点(x,y)对应的形变相位。去除地形相位∅top, x, yk、大气延迟相位∅atm, x, yk、轨道相位∅orb, x, yk及噪声相位∅noise, x, yk后,式(1)仅包含地表形变相位。该部分采用分段线性形变之和表示干涉对影像获取时间内的形变量:
$\begin{gather*}\emptyset_{\mathrm{def}, x, y}^{k}=-\frac{4 \pi}{\lambda} \Delta r_{x, y}^{k}= \\-\frac{4 \pi}{\lambda} \sum\limits_{j=S_{k+1}}^{M_{k}}\left(t_{j}-t_{j-1}\right) v_{j}=\boldsymbol{\beta}_{k} \boldsymbol{v}\end{gather*}$
式中,λ为波长;t为时间基线;Δrx, yk为第k个干涉对在像素点(x, y)处沿LOS向的物理形变量;vj为第j-1到第j个获取时刻之间时间段的LOS向分段线性形变速率。针对生成的M个干涉对,式(1)和式(2)可生成如下方程组:
$\boldsymbol{B} \boldsymbol{v}=\Delta \emptyset $
式中,B为M×N阶矩阵。对B进行SVD分解得到形变速率最小范数意义的最小二乘解,最后通过各个时间段内速度的积分就可以得到各个时间段的形变量。
常规IPTA技术主要依赖高振幅的永久散射体(PS),在机场跑道、裸地等区域易失相干。针对上述局限性,提出融合小基线集策略与改进选点算法的IPTA技术。该技术在干涉对组合方式、点目标识别模型与相位处理策略3个层面进行了优化。具体实施步骤如下:
1) 构建时空短基线干涉网。引入小基线集策略构建主影像干涉网络,设置时空基线阈值(垂直基线≤150 m,时间基线≤40 d),生成最优干涉图集(图 5),降低时空去相干噪声。
2) 基于改进的振幅离差指数(ADI)和子视相干法联合选点。沥青跑道粗糙度小,易发生镜面反射导致回波均值(μA)极低,传统ADI(DA=σA/μA)易发散。引入自适应调节系数c修正模型:
$D_{A}=\frac{\sigma_{A}}{\mu_{A}+c \sigma_{A}}$
式中,μA为点位振幅均值;σA为点位振幅标准差;c为自适应调节系数(0≤c≤1)。参数c的物理意义在于构建一个与目标自身波动特性相关的“动态噪声抑制基底”。当目标为强散射体(μA≥cσA)时,cσA项被忽略,算法退化为传统ADI,保留对高相干点的严格筛选;当目标为跑道等弱散射体(μA→0)时,cσA项主导分母,从而抑制了因回波缺失导致的指标发散,使得“暗但稳”的跑道像元得以保留。c的取值范围通常为[0, 1],其具体数值取决于SAR影像的信噪比水平与地物散射特性,需要在点目标探测率(找回弱点)与虚警率(引入噪声)之间寻求平衡。本文将在§3.2.1通过敏感性实验确定该参数的最优物理阈值。
结合SAR频谱分割技术,通过子视间复数影像相关系数γ进行二次筛选,有效剔除旁瓣和高振幅噪声点的干扰:
$\gamma=\frac{\left\langle X_{1} X_{2}^{*}\right\rangle}{\sqrt{\left\langle X_{1} X_{1}^{*}\right\rangle\left\langle X_{2} X_{2}^{*}\right\rangle}}$
式中,0≤γ≤1;X1、X2为子视的单视复数影像;*为共轭复数;〈·〉表示求总体均值。
3) 相位融合与反演。融合单视与多视差分干涉相位,增大弱信号区相干点密度。采用最小二乘平差消除轨道误差,通过三维相位滤波分离大气信号,最终求解最优形变速率[24]。
S1A(2021—2022年)与FC-1(2023—2024年)分段监测揭示了地质扰动的扩展趋势。宏观层面,S1A数据显示机场东南侧1.6 km处存在最大累积沉降量为197 mm的沉降漏斗(图 6(a)、6(c));至FC-1观测期,沉降中心向东南推移,沉降量增至405 mm(图 6(b)、6(d))。对比《2021版全国矿产地分布图》及相关规划文件,该沉降区位于国家大型煤炭勘查开发区——东胜规划矿区乌兰希里普查区,为地下大型煤层开采诱发的矿区沉降盆地。沉降中心的“西北-东南”方向空间演变轨迹,与地下采掘工作面的推进方向一致。值得警惕的是,尽管当前活跃工作面正向东南方向(远离机场)推进,但沉降盆地西北侧(近机场侧)已形成大面积老采空区。老采空区上方覆岩裂隙的发育及地表长期的残余沉降,依然对邻近的机场跑道地基稳定性构成潜在隐患。
微观层面,机场西北侧的高填方边坡(图 6(e)中区域C及图 6(f)中区域D)的年平均形变速率由S1A时期的-18 mm/a增至FC-1时期的-44 mm/a,反映了在土体次固结压缩与蠕变效应作用下该区域地质风险的动态累积过程。此外,在S1A监测期内,FC-1高分数据精准捕捉到停机坪区域(图 6(f)中区域E)在2024-02—09期间出现的微小不均匀沉降,累积形变量为15 mm。经多源数据耦合分析,该沉降系极端天气与运营荷载共同作用的结果。监测期内多达7次的冻融循环导致道基土体结构损伤,叠加汛期创纪录的强降水(单日94 mm)引发的地基软化,在高频次航空动荷载的持续作用下,最终诱发了停机坪的结构性累积沉降。
针对S1A数据的混合像元限制及沥青跑道弱散射特性导致的常规算法失相干问题,引入高分辨率FC-1数据,并采用改进的IPTA技术进行点目标提取。沥青道面在FC-1影像中虽纹理清晰但信噪比较低,常规点目标识别算法极易受到噪声干扰。因此,在进行精细化监测前,通过实验确定自适应调节系数c的最优阈值,以在抑制噪声与保留有效弱信号之间寻找最佳平衡,从而为微小形变探测提供高精度、高密度的观测基础。
为了确定改进ADI算法中自适应调节系数c的最优阈值,选取FC-1影像中的沥青跑道区域开展敏感性实验。实验设定c值在[0, 1]内递增,统计不同c值下跑道区域提取的点目标数量与平均相干系数的变化趋势,结果见图 7。
当c在0~0.5递增时,弱散射点被保留,点目标数量上升且相干系数维持在0.78以上;当c>0.5后,平均相干系数曲线急剧下降。这表明过大的c值导致判据过度宽松,会引入大量相位不稳定的噪声像元,从而降低干涉信号的质量。综合考量目标点数量与相位质量,图 7中灰色虚线标记处即为二者的“最佳平衡点”。在c=0.5处,跑道区域识别的点目标数量达到2 963个,较常规方法提升约31.7%,且平均相干系数为0.78,既保证了监测点的空间连续性,又满足高精度干涉测量要求。
图 8为常规IPTA与改进IPTA提取的点目标空间分布情况,从局部放大图(黄色方框)可以看出,常规方法在平坦的跑道、滑行道及联络道中心区域存在明显的信号缺失(图 8(a));而改进算法沿跑道呈现出连续的线状分布(图 8(b))。定量统计表明,常规IPTA在机场提取出16 011个点,而改进算法提取出20 175个点(整体提升约26%);特别是在低散射的跑道核心区域,有效监测点数量由常规方法的约2 250个显著增加至2 963个(提升31.7%)。
进一步对比常规IPTA与改进IPTA算法获取的形变速率(图 9)可知,2种方法在航站楼等强散射区域反演的形变趋势保持较高的一致性,累积形变量均分布在-40~11 mm之间。然而,常规方法在跑道区域存在数据空缺(图 9(a)),无法反映道面的整体形变模态;而改进方法(图 9(b))恢复了跑道区域的形变相位信息,揭示了跑道整体较为平稳(形变速率-7~4 mm/a),但局部存在微小差异沉降的细节特征。
从图 10标准偏差(STD)可以看出,常规IPTA直方图分布较宽,均值约为4.3 mm/a;而改进IPTA直方图呈现出明显的“向左偏移”和“峰值收敛”特征,平均拟合STD降低至1.9 mm/a,最大形变速率拟合STD优于4.1 mm/a,且在高精度区间(STD < 2 mm/a)的样本占比大幅提升,实现了监测密度与精度的双重提升。
改进IPTA算法在跑道1.5~2.0 km的联络道交会区识别出常规方法因大面积失相干而遗漏的差异沉降(图 11(a)~(b))。跑道纵向剖面(图 11(c))显示,改进算法观测点连续密集,精准刻画出位于1.6 km(-7 mm)和1.9 km(-5 mm) 处的2个微小沉降漏斗,克服了常规方法观测值离散无序的缺陷。
结合ERA5-Land气象再分析资料与浅层实测地热物理参数[25],对形变诱发机制进行耦合解析(图 11 (d))。在2023-11—2024-01的“持续封冻期”,土温稳居0 ℃以下,土体受冰晶支撑,各监测点形变平稳。2024-02—04进入“冻融活跃期”(图 11(d)中黄色阴影区),土壤温度在0 ℃上下波动,诱发强烈的冻融循环过程,地表消融致土壤含水量跃升(由0.28 m3/m3升至0.35 m3/m3)。现场钻孔取芯测试证实,该机场区域浅表层(0~10 m)土壤主要为细砂岩,自然孔隙率高达29%,且具有较高的热扩散率(0.83 mm2/s)。由于该区浅层细砂岩具有高孔隙率与高热扩散率特征,水分高位补给与频繁相变的耦合作用导致道基结构受损。P4点对此响应极其敏感,其形变曲线在进入阴影区后沉降速率增加,至活跃期结束共产生约4 mm的融沉量;而跑道核心区的P5点保持稳定。进入2024-05后的消融期,温度彻底回升至0℃以上。虽然冻融循环停止,但由于前期冻融造成的土体骨架损伤不可逆,且夏季(2024-07—08)强降雨带来的含水量峰值进一步维持了土体的固结压密过程,使得P4和P6点分别出现7 mm和5 mm的累积沉降量。
这种空间差异响应表明,新旧道面拼接带等薄弱区域极易受季节性冻融循环与强降水驱动引发结构性软化。该物理机制的成功解析,为机场冻融期后的靶向注浆加固提供了精准的空间位置与理论支撑。
鉴于研究区缺乏同期的地面水准观测数据及GNSS数据,利用“稳定区残余形变统计”与“异构算法交叉验证”相结合对监测结果进行多维度的精度评定。首先,利用机场内部稳定区进行残余形变统计。理论上,在排除了构造运动和人为扰动的稳定区域,InSAR监测的形变速率应趋近于0,其标准差可直接反映系统的测量精度。在机场地基稳固的航站楼及稳定的跑道区域筛选出1 258个高相干点作为验证样本(图 12)。统计结果显示,该稳定区形变速率呈现正态分布特征,均值为-0.12 mm/a,表明监测结果基本不存在系统性偏差;形变速率标准差为2.21 mm/a。
然后,采用异构算法交叉验证策略进行分析。选取机场内的公共相干点,将同期的SBAS监测结果与改进IPTA监测结果进行回归分析。相关系数(R2)为0.86,均方根误差(RMSE)控制在3.33 mm以内(图 13)。综上所述,稳定区的低残余误差与异构算法的高相关性,从物理背景统计和算法稳健性2个维度共同证实了获取的形变结果反映的是地表真实的形变趋势。
尽管研究验证了国产FC-1卫星结合改进IPTA算法在机场精细化形变监测中的潜力,但仍存在一定局限性。首先,受限于数据获取权限,研究缺乏同期的地面实测数据作为绝对精度验证基准。目前的内符合精度指标虽然能反映模型的拟合质量和算法的相对可靠性,但无法完全等同于绝对几何精度。未来计划申请在非敏感区域布设角反射器,构建“空-天-地”一体化验证体系。其次,C波段穿透性有限,后续可引入L波段SAR数据提升植被覆盖区的边坡监测能力。研究虽然揭示了降雨及冻融对形变的影响机制,但主要停留在时空相关性的定性分析层面,尚未建立“气象因子-岩土参数-地表形变”的定量耦合模型。未来可结合非饱和土力学理论与热-水-力耦合数值模拟,深入解析复杂环境荷载下的机场道基损伤演化规律,为机场全生命周期运维提供更具预测性的科学依据。
以中国自主研发的“涪城一号”商业SAR卫星数据为核心,通过改进的IPTA算法解决机场沥青跑道“弱散射”监测难题。主要结论如下:
1) 验证了“高分辨率数据+改进算法技术”双重驱动下的精细化监测优势。凭借FC-1卫星3 m级高分辨率与引入自适应调节参数(c=0.5)的改进IPTA算法,克服了沥青道面镜面反射导致的信号缺失问题。在同源数据下,改进算法较常规方法选点密度提升31.7%,形变速率拟合标准偏差(内符合精度)优于4.1 mm/a。
2) 揭示了多物理场耦合下的机场形变演化机理。通过多源数据融合分析,精准识别出跑道联络道交会处受季节性冻融循环与航空荷载耦合诱发的毫米级差异沉降。这种“环境因子-物理参数-形变响应”的深度解析,为精准界定跑道注浆修复风险提供了精确的空间位置依据与科学的物理机制支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U2433210)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42474028)
  • 民航机场智慧建造与维养重点实验室(长安大学)开放基金(300102215517)
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2026年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.02.053
  • 接收时间:2026-02-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-12
基金
国家自然科学基金(U2433210)
国家自然科学基金(42474028)
民航机场智慧建造与维养重点实验室(长安大学)开放基金(300102215517)
作者信息
    1 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 西安, 710054
    2 民航科研基地(北京)有限公司, 北京, 101300
    3 长沙天仪空间科技研究院有限公司, 长沙, 410205

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李思洁子, 博士生, 主要研究方向为InSAR机场形变监测与应用, E-mail:
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科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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