Article(id=1322916936937513634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916858604696290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.384, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762531200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337576373, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337576373, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337576373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337576373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916858604696290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1038', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337557698, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337557698, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=922, endPage=930, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916938711704227, articleId=1322916936937513634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Application and Analysis of InSAR Technology in Deformation Monitoring of Xi'an Metro, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on Sentinel-1 data from 2015 to 2024, technical methods such as SBAS-InSAR deformation inversion, independent component analysis (ICA), K-means clustering analysis, and wavelet transform analysis are used to study the surface deformation characteristics of Xi'an city over approximately 10 years. The results show that the average surface deformation rate in Xi'an ranges from -40 to 11 mm/a, with a spatiotemporal heterogeneity in deformation distribution. There are three modes of surface deformation in Xi'an: stable fluctuation, continuous subsidence, and subsidence followed by uplift. K-means clustering analysis of surface deformation within a 1 km buffer zone along metro lines reveals that the stable deformation areas account for the largest proportion (54%), the subsidence areas (16.2%) distribute in the southern and western urban areas, and uplift areas (29.8%) concentrate in the central urban area. The four metro lines with the largest surface deformation are line 2, 3, 4, and 5, with most stations showing a trend of subsidence followed by stability or even uplift. Further analysis indicates that groundwater recharge in Xi'an in 2018 was the main reason for the change in deformation trend of metro lines. The rainfall is an important factor inducing seasonal fluctuations in metro line deformation. The research results provide an important basis for the safe use of urban underground space and the prevention of geological disasters.

, authors=Benxian WEI1, Qingping SUN1, Jian ZHENG2, authorsList=Benxian WEI, Qingping SUN, Jian ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916941266035386, articleId=1322916936937513634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=InSAR技术在西安地铁形变监测中的应用与分析, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于2015—2024年Sentinel-1数据,采用SBAS-InSAR形变反演、独立成分分析(ICA)、K-means聚类分析、小波变换分析等技术方法研究西安市近10 a的地表形变特征。结果表明,西安市地表平均形变速率在—40~11 mm/a之间,形变分布呈现时空异质性;西安市地表形变存在稳定波动、持续沉降及先沉降后抬升3种模式。对地铁线路1 km缓冲区内的地表形变进行K-means聚类分析发现,稳定形变区占比最大(54%),沉降区(16.2%)分布于南部和西部城区,抬升区(29.8%)则集中于中部城区。地表形变最大的4条地铁线路分别为2、3、4和5号线,其多数站点地表形变均表现出先沉降后稳定甚至抬升的趋势。进一步分析表明,2018年西安市地下水回灌是造成地铁线路形变趋势改变的主要原因,降雨是诱发地铁线路形变季节性波动的重要因素。本文研究结果可为城市地下空间安全使用与地质灾害防治提供重要依据。

, authors=魏本现1, 孙青平1, 郑健2, authorsList=魏本现, 孙青平, 郑健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

魏本现,高级工程师,主要研究方向为轨道交通工程管理,E-mail:

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Basic parameters of Sentinel-1 images

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星 轨道
方向
入射
角度
分辨率 影像
数目
获取
日期
Sentinel-1 升轨 39.6° 5 m×20 m 135 2015-06-20—
2024-06-20
), ArticleFig(id=1322916949155521265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916936937513634, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Sentinel-1影像基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星 轨道
方向
入射
角度
分辨率 影像
数目
获取
日期
Sentinel-1 升轨 39.6° 5 m×20 m 135 2015-06-20—
2024-06-20
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InSAR技术在西安地铁形变监测中的应用与分析
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魏本现 1 , 孙青平 1 , 郑健 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(8): 922-930
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (8) : 922 -930
InSAR技术在西安地铁形变监测中的应用与分析
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魏本现1 , 孙青平1, 郑健2
作者信息
  • 1 广州地铁建设管理有限公司, 广州, 510220
  • 2 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司, 北京, 100055
作者简介:

魏本现,高级工程师,主要研究方向为轨道交通工程管理,E-mail:

Application and Analysis of InSAR Technology in Deformation Monitoring of Xi'an Metro
Benxian WEI1 , Qingping SUN1, Jian ZHENG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangzhou Metro Construction Management Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510220, China
  • 2 China Railway Engineering Consulting Group Co Ltd, Beijing 100055, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.384
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基于2015—2024年Sentinel-1数据,采用SBAS-InSAR形变反演、独立成分分析(ICA)、K-means聚类分析、小波变换分析等技术方法研究西安市近10 a的地表形变特征。结果表明,西安市地表平均形变速率在—40~11 mm/a之间,形变分布呈现时空异质性;西安市地表形变存在稳定波动、持续沉降及先沉降后抬升3种模式。对地铁线路1 km缓冲区内的地表形变进行K-means聚类分析发现,稳定形变区占比最大(54%),沉降区(16.2%)分布于南部和西部城区,抬升区(29.8%)则集中于中部城区。地表形变最大的4条地铁线路分别为2、3、4和5号线,其多数站点地表形变均表现出先沉降后稳定甚至抬升的趋势。进一步分析表明,2018年西安市地下水回灌是造成地铁线路形变趋势改变的主要原因,降雨是诱发地铁线路形变季节性波动的重要因素。本文研究结果可为城市地下空间安全使用与地质灾害防治提供重要依据。

地铁形变  /  InSAR  /  独立成分分析  /  小波变换  /  K-means聚类分析

Based on Sentinel-1 data from 2015 to 2024, technical methods such as SBAS-InSAR deformation inversion, independent component analysis (ICA), K-means clustering analysis, and wavelet transform analysis are used to study the surface deformation characteristics of Xi'an city over approximately 10 years. The results show that the average surface deformation rate in Xi'an ranges from -40 to 11 mm/a, with a spatiotemporal heterogeneity in deformation distribution. There are three modes of surface deformation in Xi'an: stable fluctuation, continuous subsidence, and subsidence followed by uplift. K-means clustering analysis of surface deformation within a 1 km buffer zone along metro lines reveals that the stable deformation areas account for the largest proportion (54%), the subsidence areas (16.2%) distribute in the southern and western urban areas, and uplift areas (29.8%) concentrate in the central urban area. The four metro lines with the largest surface deformation are line 2, 3, 4, and 5, with most stations showing a trend of subsidence followed by stability or even uplift. Further analysis indicates that groundwater recharge in Xi'an in 2018 was the main reason for the change in deformation trend of metro lines. The rainfall is an important factor inducing seasonal fluctuations in metro line deformation. The research results provide an important basis for the safe use of urban underground space and the prevention of geological disasters.

subway deformation  /  InSAR  /  independent component analysis (ICA)  /  wavelet transform  /  K-means clustering analysis
魏本现, 孙青平, 郑健. InSAR技术在西安地铁形变监测中的应用与分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (8) : 922 -930 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.384
Benxian WEI, Qingping SUN, Jian ZHENG. Application and Analysis of InSAR Technology in Deformation Monitoring of Xi'an Metro[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (8) : 922 -930 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.384
随着城市基础设施建设的发展,地面沉降可能会破坏地下轨道交通,从而影响地铁的运营安全,严重时会造成地表塌陷[1]。因此,为保障地下轨道交通的正常运营和减少地质灾害发生,监测和分析地铁沿线地区地面沉降及其影响因素具有重要意义。
传统的地面沉降监测手段(水准测量、GPS等)测量精度高,但只能获取部分离散的地铁点位形变信息[2-3],无法对整个地铁沿线及其周边地区进行全覆盖监测。而且这些方法监测成本较高,也无法回溯历史形变特征,难以满足地铁形变监测的需求。合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)因其全天时、全天候和非接触的特点,可以大范围、长时间连续监测地铁沿线地区地表形变[4-6],并且不会对地铁运营产生任何影响,非常适用于地铁沿线地区形变监测。许多学者利用InSAR技术对地铁沿线地区进行形变监测。陈鑫等[7]利用MT-InSAR技术分析2023—2024年徐州市5条地铁沿线地区地表形变,并结合预测模型对地铁多特征形变进行预测。纪政楠等[8]利用IPTA技术研究2017—2020年广州市地表形变,分析广州地铁的形变驱动因素。秦晓琼等[9]联合InSAR技术与实地测量,分析深圳地铁施工过程中引起的地表形变,并进行相应的风险评估。高鹏等[10]利用PS-InSAR技术对北京地铁6号线进行地表形变监测,并利用水准数据验证InSAR监测结果的可靠性。上述研究表明,InSAR技术在地铁形变监测中具有广泛的应用前景。
本研究基于SBAS-InSAR技术,首先对西安主城区进行近10 a的地表形变监测,并利用独立成分分析(ICA)分离具有不同特征的形变信号,以了解西安主城区地表形变的时空演化特征。然后提取西安主城区9条地铁沿线地区的地表形变,利用K-means聚类划分不同形变程度的地铁区域。最后基于地下水和降雨数据,利用小波变换分析影响地铁形变的驱动因素。
西安市地处我国西北地区的关中盆地,属暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,四季区分明显,春秋季相对短促,夏季高温多雨,冬季寒冷少雨[11-12]。该区域地表径流量有限,水资源较为匮乏,因此长期将地下水作为主要供水来源[12]。由于长期超量开采地下水,该区地面沉降与地裂缝等地质灾害频发。为应对这一情况,近年来,西安市相关部门已推行多项治理措施,包括严格限采地下水和实施人工回灌工程,旨在遏制城市地面沉降的发展态势[13]。本文主要研究西安主城区9条地铁线路(图 1),不同线路用不同颜色的点表示。蓝色缓冲区是以地铁线路为中心,向两侧各延伸1 km而建立的。
本文获取2015-06—2024-06共135景Sentinel-1升轨影像(图 1黑色框所示),开展西安主城区地铁沿线地表形变监测和影响因素分析,Sentinel-1相关参数见表 1。利用30 m空间分辨率的SRTM DEM数据去除地形残差,采用欧空局公布的精密轨道数据去除卫星轨道误差。日降雨量数据来自CHIRPS (climate hazards group infrared precipitation with stations data)。
SBAS-InSAR作为一种时间序列雷达干涉测量技术,其核心在于利用短时空基线的影像组合生成干涉对集,通过时空滤波技术有效分离和削弱大气延迟误差,并借助最小二乘法或奇异值分解,反演得到研究区形变速率与时间序列[14]。该方法可以有效克服时空失相干的影响,尤其擅长捕捉大范围、厘米至毫米级的地表形变信号。基于该方法,本研究采用以下处理流程:首先利用GAMMA软件对Sentinel-1 SLC影像进行4 ∶ 1的多视处理,增强形变信号的信噪比;随后选取一幅位于数据集中间时相的影像作为公共主影像,并将所有辅影像都配准到主影像上;然后对所有主辅影像进行干涉、滤波、去除地形相位和相位解缠操作[15]。需要注意的是,在组干涉对时,时间基线设置为90 d,空间基线设置为300 m,同时限定每期影像最多与后面3期影像作干涉,以保证干涉图的相干性。此外,滤波窗口设置为64,解缠的相干性阈值设置为0.4。最后使用SBAS-InSAR技术解算得到西安主城区在雷达视线向(LOS)的地表位移时间序列。
独立成分分析(ICA)是一种将时间序列分解为独立分量(IC)的技术,可以有效地将InSAR时间序列中的重要信号与混合信号分开[16-18]。在进行ICA之前,需要进行数据预处理,包括数据中心化和白化。预处理主要是为了降低数据处理过程与特征之间的相关性,以提高信号分离的准确性。首先从混合信号矩阵中减去均值,获得中心化后的观测数据;然后利用主成分分析(PCA)进行数据降维,以获得适合ICA处理的数据;最后将预处理后的InSAR时序数据输入ICA算法进行信号分解[19]。
本研究采用的ICA方法是基于ICA的快速定点算法(FastICA)[19]。FastICA算法假定每个独立分量都具有非高斯概率分布,独立分量与混合信号存在如下关系:
$\boldsymbol{O}_{t \times n}=\boldsymbol{D}_{t \times l} \boldsymbol{S}_{l \times n}$
式中,O表示InSAR观测矩阵;D表示混合矩阵;S表示分解后的源矩阵;下标t表示观测次数;n表示每次观测的像素数量;l表示分解出的独立成分数量。
K-means聚类是一种常用且高效的无监督学习算法,可将具有相似属性的样本自动分组至同一簇中,有助于解决数据中的异质性问题[20]。主要步骤如下:首先从InSAR时间序列中随机初始化选定部分的聚类中心点,并完成其他像素点的分区标记;然后计算当前聚类簇内所有像素点与其质心之间的平均欧氏距离(MED);最后通过最小化MED,更新下一次的聚类质心,生成新的聚类结果。
$\mathrm{MED}=\operatorname{argmin} \frac{1}{K} \sum\limits_{k=1}^K \sum\limits_{x_i \in C_K} \sqrt{\sum\limits_{d=1}^D\left(x_i-u_k\right)^2}$
式中,K表示聚类数(簇数目);CK表示子簇;xi表示第i个像素点;D表示数据维度;uk表示簇的质心。程序会自动迭代该过程,直到聚类质心的位置和像素点聚类结果不再发生变化为止,此时聚类已经收敛。
本研究通过计算聚类簇内数据点到聚类质心的距离平方和,绘制簇内距离平方和与簇数之间的关系曲线,采用肘部法(elbow method)自动确定未知簇数的最优值,保证聚类分配的合理性。
小波变换(wavelet transform)可以分析单个信号的时间演化特征,也可以分析两个信号的相关性[21-22],因此可利用其分析周期性形变与影响因素之间的关联性。本文使用的小波工具包括连续小波和交叉小波。连续小波变换(CWT)可识别时间序列在时频空间中局部的、间歇性的周期性特征,计算公式为:
$W_x=\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty} x(t) \psi^*(t) \mathrm{d} t$
式中,x(t)表示位移时间序列;ψ*表示被高斯函数调制的平面波,可揭示局部周期特征,符号*表示复共轭运算。
交叉小波变换(XWT)可在时频域中分析形变与可能触发因素之间的关系。对于两个时序信号x(t)和y(t),其XWT可表示为:
$W_{x y}=W_x \cdot W_y^*$
通过SBAS-InSAR数据处理,得到西安主城区2015—2024年地表形变速率(图 2(a))。此外,统计InSAR解算的所有像素点的形变速率,绘制速率分布直方图(图 2(b)),其基本符合正态分布,平均值为-0.574 cm/a,标准差为0.322 cm/a,说明本文的InSAR解算结果具有可靠性。在研究时间段内,西安地表形变呈现出显著的空间异质性,最大沉降区位于鱼化寨地区,最大沉降速率为40 mm/a;凤栖原和等驾坡地区也存在较大沉降,最大沉降速率分别为31 mm/a和35 mm/a;主要抬升区位于雁塔区,最大抬升速率达到11 mm/a;其他大部分地区保持较稳定状态。相关研究表明,西安市水资源相对有限,为了满足城市建设和居民用水需求,曾持续开采地下水资源。长期的地下水开采,改变了土壤压缩特性和土层结构,导致局部地表发生沉降。西安大部分地铁线路都经过这些形变较大的区域,因此非常有必要开展地铁沿线地区地表形变监测和影响因素分析。
为了进一步研究西安地面沉降的时空演化特征,采用ICA方法分解由InSAR解算得到的地表形变时间序列。从图 3可以看出,西安地表形变可分解为3个独立信号,各信号都有其独特的形变空间分布与演化特征。IC1分量整体较为稳定,基本在0值附近波动。IC2分量主要分布在西安市中南部地区,形变特征比较特殊,即先沉降后抬升,主要受到地下水水位变化的影响。在前期抽取地下水时,该地区表现为沉降,直到2018年停止地下水开采并进行回灌时,沉降趋势逐渐变缓并出现抬升。IC3分量表现出持续沉降趋势,但雁塔区形变趋势相反,表现为逐渐抬升,这与InSAR形变速率结果一致。ICA技术有助于了解西安市地表形变的时空演化特征,也能为后续地铁形变监测提供一定参考。
为研究西安市地铁沿线地表形变,从西安市整体形变中提取地铁缓冲区形变(图 4)。本文对西安市地铁线路形变进行详细分析,并结合地下水与降雨数据探讨影响地铁形变的因素。
从图 4可以看出,沉降较大的区域主要为西安南部地区,中部地区主要表现为轻微抬升。形变最大的地铁线路为2、3、4和5号线,最大累积位移达到300 mm。为了解西安地铁沉降模式,利用K-means聚类方法将地铁形变时间序列聚类为3类,结果如图 5所示。第1类簇主要位于西安中部地区,像素数目占比29.8%,这类区域地表形变主要表现为抬升趋势。第2类簇分布较均匀,像素数目占比54%,这类区域地表形变整体稳定,存在轻微形变。第3类簇主要分布在西安南部和西部地区,南部较为集中,像素数目占比16.2%。该类形变主要表现为沉降,对于这类地区,需要进行持续监测,提前预防地质灾害(如地裂缝、地面塌陷等)的发生。
从地表形变和聚类图可以看出,地铁2、3、4和5号线存在明显形变,因此提取这4条地铁线路地表形变数据进行详细分析。2号线于2011-09开通运营,本研究InSAR监测起始时间为2015-06,因此主要是分析其运营期的地表形变特征。图 6(a)为地铁2号线地表形变图,形变较大的区域位于小寨站和凤栖原站,这2个地铁站的形变时间序列见图 6(b)。可以看出,小寨站地表形变在2020年之前始终稳定在0值附近,存在轻微波动,但在2020年之后逐渐抬升。凤栖原站在近10 a的监测时间内,最大累积形变超过0.2 m,且在2021年之前持续发生形变,2021年之后趋于稳定。
西安地铁3号线建设时间为2011-05—2016-11,2016-11之后开通运营。图 7(a)为西安地铁3号线地表形变图,最大形变区位于鱼化寨站和大雁塔站附近,提取这2个地铁站的形变时间序列(图 7(b))。可以看出,鱼化寨地区在2018年之前形变速率较大,3 a内最大累积沉降量接近0.4 m。原因为鱼化寨站建设时采用明挖法,基坑大面积开挖可能会引发周边地面沉降。但在2018年后期地表形变出现短暂抬升,并很快趋于稳定。图 7(b)中灰色条带表示形变时间序列趋势发生变化。大雁塔站附近区域在监测前期保持相对稳定,后期出现轻微抬升。
西安地铁4号线和5号线的建设时间分别为2012-07—2018-12、2016-01—2020-12,正式运营时间分别为2018-12和2020-12。这2条线路的建设期和运营期都与本研究InSAR监测时间范围存在重叠。图 8、9分别为地铁4、5号线地表形变图,分别提取西安科技大学站、大唐芙蓉园站、青龙寺站和黄渠头站形变时间序列。可以看出,4个地铁站的地表形变趋势都是由稳定或沉降逐渐趋缓,甚至后期出现轻微抬升。因此,可以推断这2条线路的地表沉降很可能与地铁建设完成,以及停止地下水开采并进行回灌有关,这2个因素有效缓解了大部分区域的地表形变。
为定量分析地下水对地铁沿线地表形变的影响,提取鱼化寨地区地下水水位数据(图 10)。可以看出,2018年之前,该地区地下水水位始终较低,且有轻微下降;但在2018年,地下水水位迅速上升,1 a上升约20 m。该地区地表形变趋势也发生变化,从沉降转为抬升,并随着地下水水位逐渐稳定,形变也趋于稳定。分析表明,地下水水位是影响鱼化寨地铁站地表形变的重要因素,地表形变随着地下水水位降低而发生沉降,随着地下水水位升高逐渐稳定甚至抬升。
除地下水外,部分研究[23-27]表明降雨也会影响地表形变。此外,在提取地铁沿线地表形变时发现,部分地铁站地表形变存在季节性波动。因此,提取5号线西窑头站地表形变与该地区的日降雨量数据(图 11)进行分析。图 11(a)为该地铁站原始地表形变时间序列,蓝色曲线为线性拟合曲线。首先通过线性拟合去除原始形变中的趋势分量,得到非线性形变(图 11(b)),此类形变表现出季节性波动特性,往往与季节性的降雨等因素有关。因此,使用小波变换处理非线性形变与降雨量,图 11(d)为非线性形变的连续小波变换(CWT)图,约在1 a周期时展现出很强的功率,说明非线性形变具有年周期波动特性。图 11(e)为非线性形变与降雨量的交叉小波变换(XWT)图,图中两个信号约在1 a周期时展现出较强的共同功率,尤其在2016—2021年之间非常明显。图 11(f)为非线性形变与降雨量的小波变换相干性(WTC)图,WTC在两个时间序列信号联系较弱时,也能展示其共同功率,可以看出非线性形变与降雨量的年周期功率在小波相干性图中最为显著。上述分析表明,降雨也是影响地铁沿线地表形变的重要因素。
本文采用SBAS-InSAR技术获取西安主城区2015—2024年的地表形变速率和形变时间序列,利用独立成分分析(ICA)研究西安市地表形变的空间分布和时间演化特征。在此基础上提取西安地铁沿线地表形变,利用K-means聚类研究地铁沿线地表形变的空间特征。然后分析4条形变较大的地铁线路的累积位移,同时结合地下水水位和降雨数据,探讨地铁线路形变的影响因素。得到以下结论:
1) 西安市主城区存在不均匀沉降,平均形变速率在-40~11 mm/a之间;最大形变区位于鱼化寨、凤栖原和等驾坡等地区;西安地表形变存在稳定波动、持续沉降和先沉降后抬升3种类型。
2) 西安地铁线路地表形变分布不均匀,存在3种类型形变,稳定形变区像素数目占比54%,沉降区像素数目占比16.2%,抬升区像素数目占比29.8%。沉降区主要分布在城区南部,抬升区主要分布在城区中部。
3) 地下水水位变化是影响地铁线路地表形变的主要因素,2018年地下水回灌之前,地铁线路形变主要表现为持续沉降。但在地下水回灌之后,沉降区形变逐渐趋于稳定,甚至出现抬升。降雨也是影响地铁线路形变的重要因素,导致地铁线路形变出现季节性波动。
  • 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(2023-3)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.384
  • 接收时间:2025-11-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-08
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中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(2023-3)
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    1 广州地铁建设管理有限公司, 广州, 510220
    2 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司, 北京, 100055
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