Article(id=1322916804858884360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916705915249052, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.367, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337544884, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337544884, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337544884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337544884, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916705915249052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='790', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337521294, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337521294, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=790, endPage=797, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916805148291337, articleId=1322916804858884360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Comparion of BDS-3 and GPS Positioning Accuracy across Spatial Scales, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To assess the performance of BDS-3 and promote its application optimization, this study processed long-term observation data from 56 global IGS stations and 50 reference stations in mainland China from DOY 001, 2023 to DOY 067, 2025 using the GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71 software. The long-term positioning accuracy of BDS-3 and GPS was compared and analyzed at both global and regional scales across four dimensions: ambiguity fixed rate, satellite orbit accuracy, coordinate time series, and velocity field. The results indicate that the average narrow-lane ambiguity fixed rate of BDS-3 in the global network (72.7%) is lower than that of GPS (88.1%), but it performs better in the regional network (BDS-3: 80.1%, GPS: 76.2%). In terms of satellite orbit accuracy, the orbit integration residuals of BDS-3 are on average 1.5—2.8 mm higher than those of GPS. Analysis of coordinate time series shows that the average WRMS values for BDS-3 in the N, E, and U directions (2.44 mm, 2.8 mm, 7.0 mm) are higher than those of GPS (1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 5.7 mm), with greater dispersion in the vertical direction. However, comparison of the velocity fields reveals a high consistency between the two systems (90% of stations exhibit rate differences within 1 mm/a). The study demonstrates that the positioning performance of BDS-3 at the regional scale is close to that of GPS, but its global accuracy and stability still require improvement. Future efforts should focus on enhancing models, optimizing algorithms, and advancing research on multi-system integration.

, authors=Dongzhen WANG1, 2, Bin ZHAO1, 2, Yuebing WANG3, Mu LIN1, 2, Jiansheng YU1, 2, authorsList=Dongzhen WANG, Bin ZHAO, Yuebing WANG, Mu LIN, Jiansheng YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916807086059800, articleId=1322916804858884360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=BDS-3与GPS的长期定位精度对比, columnId=1281909276545356011, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为评估BDS-3性能并推动其应用优化,基于GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71软件处理2023年DOY001—2025年DOY067全球56个IGS站点及中国大陆50个基准站的长时段数据,从模糊度固定率、卫星轨道精度、坐标时间序列和速度场4个维度,对比分析BDS-3与GPS在全球及区域尺度下的长期定位精度。结果表明,BDS-3在全球网中的窄巷模糊度固定率均值(72.7%)低于GPS(88.1%),但在区域网中表现更优(BDS-3为80.1%,GPS为76.2%)。卫星轨道精度方面,BDS-3的轨道积分残差参数平均高于GPS约1.5~2.8 mm。坐标时间序列分析表明,BDS-3在N、E、U方向的坐标时间序列平均WRMS值(2.44 mm、2.8 mm、7.0 mm)高于GPS(1.7 mm、1.8 mm、5.7 mm),且U方向离散度更大,但速度场比较显示,两者一致性较高(90%站点速率差在1 mm/a以内)。研究表明,BDS-3在区域尺度定位性能接近GPS,但全球精度和稳定性仍需提升,未来需加强模型、算法优化和多系统融合研究。

, authors=王东振1, 2, 赵斌1, 2, 王阅兵3, 林牧1, 2, 余建胜1, 2, authorsList=王东振, 赵斌, 王阅兵, 林牧, 余建胜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

王东振,副研究员,主要研究方向为北斗/GNSS高精度解算及三维地壳形变,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=qFrTZSFUeyILUfDeOnb8TA==, magXml=9EMVw08lzkUw79BOMqAdVw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oG36h61NV+5UF/WsKudxxA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=w2hvb95BjUBoqeSfYlHwaw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322916809212571939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916804858884360, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dzwang@cgps.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916809292263718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916804858884360, authorId=1322916809212571939, language=EN, stringName=Dongzhen WANG, firstName=Dongzhen, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
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王东振,副研究员,主要研究方向为北斗/GNSS高精度解算及三维地壳形变,E-mail:

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Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2022, 42 (11): 1117- 1121, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916817840255348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916804858884360, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=4, pageStart=466, pageEnd=474, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=25, authorNames=房亚男, 朱俊, 李杰, journalName=测绘学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=房亚男, 朱俊, 李杰, 等. 北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50 (4): 466- 474, articleTitle=北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916817915752821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916804858884360, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=4, pageStart=466, pageEnd=474, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=26, authorNames=Fang Yanan, Zhu Jun, Li Jie, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Fang Yanan , Zhu Jun , Li Jie , et al. 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蓝色和黄色三角形表示IGS站点, 红色三角形表示中国大陆GNSS基准站

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红色圆点为北斗结果, 蓝色圆点为GPS结果, 灰色细线为误差棒, BDS_WRMS表示北斗坐标时序的WRMS值, GPS_WRMS表示GPS坐标时序的WRMS值

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图中蓝色柱子表示全球网站点结果, 红色柱子表示区域网站点结果

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GNSS data processing strategies and models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
改正项 改正模型
天线相位中心偏差改正 IGS20绝对天线相位中心
码偏差 dcb.dat
固体潮 IERS2010
极潮 IERS2010
海潮 FES2004
天顶静力学延迟映射函数 VMF1
天顶湿延迟映射函数 VMF1
温度气压模型 GPT3
光压模型 BERNE
惯性参考框架 J2000
重力场模型 EGM08
观测值定权 以高度角定权
), ArticleFig(id=1322916814182822232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916804858884360, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GNSS数据处理策略与模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
改正项 改正模型
天线相位中心偏差改正 IGS20绝对天线相位中心
码偏差 dcb.dat
固体潮 IERS2010
极潮 IERS2010
海潮 FES2004
天顶静力学延迟映射函数 VMF1
天顶湿延迟映射函数 VMF1
温度气压模型 GPT3
光压模型 BERNE
惯性参考框架 J2000
重力场模型 EGM08
观测值定权 以高度角定权
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BDS-3与GPS的长期定位精度对比
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王东振 1, 2 , 赵斌 1, 2 , 王阅兵 3 , 林牧 1, 2 , 余建胜 1, 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 大地测量学 2026,46(7): 790-797
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大地测量与地球动力学 |大地测量学 2026 , 46 (7) : 790 -797
BDS-3与GPS的长期定位精度对比
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王东振1, 2 , 赵斌1, 2, 王阅兵3, 林牧1, 2, 余建胜1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地震研究所,武汉,430071
  • 2 中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室,武汉,430071
  • 3 中国地震台网中心,北京,100045
作者简介:

王东振,副研究员,主要研究方向为北斗/GNSS高精度解算及三维地壳形变,E-mail:

Comparion of BDS-3 and GPS Positioning Accuracy across Spatial Scales
Dongzhen WANG1, 2 , Bin ZHAO1, 2, Yuebing WANG3, Mu LIN1, 2, Jiansheng YU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 3 China Earthquake Networks Center, CEA, Beijing 100045, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.367
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为评估BDS-3性能并推动其应用优化,基于GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71软件处理2023年DOY001—2025年DOY067全球56个IGS站点及中国大陆50个基准站的长时段数据,从模糊度固定率、卫星轨道精度、坐标时间序列和速度场4个维度,对比分析BDS-3与GPS在全球及区域尺度下的长期定位精度。结果表明,BDS-3在全球网中的窄巷模糊度固定率均值(72.7%)低于GPS(88.1%),但在区域网中表现更优(BDS-3为80.1%,GPS为76.2%)。卫星轨道精度方面,BDS-3的轨道积分残差参数平均高于GPS约1.5~2.8 mm。坐标时间序列分析表明,BDS-3在N、E、U方向的坐标时间序列平均WRMS值(2.44 mm、2.8 mm、7.0 mm)高于GPS(1.7 mm、1.8 mm、5.7 mm),且U方向离散度更大,但速度场比较显示,两者一致性较高(90%站点速率差在1 mm/a以内)。研究表明,BDS-3在区域尺度定位性能接近GPS,但全球精度和稳定性仍需提升,未来需加强模型、算法优化和多系统融合研究。

BDS-3  /  GPS  /  定位精度  /  全球尺度  /  区域尺度

To assess the performance of BDS-3 and promote its application optimization, this study processed long-term observation data from 56 global IGS stations and 50 reference stations in mainland China from DOY 001, 2023 to DOY 067, 2025 using the GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71 software. The long-term positioning accuracy of BDS-3 and GPS was compared and analyzed at both global and regional scales across four dimensions: ambiguity fixed rate, satellite orbit accuracy, coordinate time series, and velocity field. The results indicate that the average narrow-lane ambiguity fixed rate of BDS-3 in the global network (72.7%) is lower than that of GPS (88.1%), but it performs better in the regional network (BDS-3: 80.1%, GPS: 76.2%). In terms of satellite orbit accuracy, the orbit integration residuals of BDS-3 are on average 1.5—2.8 mm higher than those of GPS. Analysis of coordinate time series shows that the average WRMS values for BDS-3 in the N, E, and U directions (2.44 mm, 2.8 mm, 7.0 mm) are higher than those of GPS (1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 5.7 mm), with greater dispersion in the vertical direction. However, comparison of the velocity fields reveals a high consistency between the two systems (90% of stations exhibit rate differences within 1 mm/a). The study demonstrates that the positioning performance of BDS-3 at the regional scale is close to that of GPS, but its global accuracy and stability still require improvement. Future efforts should focus on enhancing models, optimizing algorithms, and advancing research on multi-system integration.

BDS-3  /  GPS  /  positioning accuracy  /  global scales  /  regional scales
王东振, 赵斌, 王阅兵, 林牧, 余建胜. BDS-3与GPS的长期定位精度对比. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (7) : 790 -797 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.367
Dongzhen WANG, Bin ZHAO, Yuebing WANG, Mu LIN, Jiansheng YU. Comparion of BDS-3 and GPS Positioning Accuracy across Spatial Scales[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (7) : 790 -797 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.367
北斗系统作为我国自主研制的全球卫星导航系统,经过30余年发展,于2020年完成全球组网(BDS-3),这标志着我国在卫星导航领域实现了从“跟跑”到“并跑”,乃至部分领域“领跑”的历史性跨越[1]。BDS-3采用混合星座设计,使得其卫星空间几何构型显著优于GPS和Galileo。依托地基增强站,BDS-3可提供实时cm级、事后mm级增强服务,其单频/多频定位精度、PPP收敛效率及多系统融合能力已部分超越GPS和Galileo,尤其在亚太区域展现出显著优势。在此背景下,开展BDS-3与GPS的高精度双差定位性能对比分析,不仅是推动BDS-3应用推广、优化多系统融合技术的现实需求,更是深化GNSS技术认知、促进全球卫星导航技术发展的重要科学命题。
高精度定位作为GNSS核心应用,直接影响测绘、地震监测、气象预报、自动驾驶等领域的服务质量[2]。GAMIT/GLOBK软件凭借其长基线解算能力与误差建模优势,已成为国际GNSS数据处理的标准工具[3]。然而,现有研究多聚焦于GPS单系统或早期GNSS对比,针对BDS-3与全球系统的系统性精度评估仍显不足[4-6]。这一方面受限于BDS-2原有的区域服务特性;另一方面,更在于BDS-3完成了多项关键升级(如新增B1C/B2a民用信号、采用IGSO/MEO/GEO混合星座、搭载星载氢钟等),从而亟须通过高精度解算来系统性评估其全球定位能力[7-8]。
从应用需求看,地震监测通常需要mm级定位精度,而自动驾驶依赖cm级精度,行业场景对定位性能的要求呈现明显差异[9]。与此同时,BDS-3已在交通、电力、应急等领域实现规模化应用,但不同区域间的GNSS定位精度存在差异,现有以局部或区域为主的研究难以支撑全球应用需求。为此,基于GAMIT/GLOBK开展大范围、长时段数据处理,可系统分析BDS-3与GPS的全球精度差异,为行业用户提供精准选型依据。
本文结合全球分布的56个IGS站和中国大陆分布的50个GNSS连续站数据,系统评估BDS-3与GPS在模糊度固定、静态基线解算、坐标时间序列和速度场方面的差异,有望为GNSS技术发展、BDS-3应用推广及多系统融合算法优化提供科学支撑。
本文收集了全球分布的56个IGS站点和中国大陆范围内的50个连续基准站点(图 1),上述站点均为BDS-3(包含GEO、IGSO和MEO三种轨道卫星)和GPS同址观测,数据时间跨度为2023年DOY001—2025年DOY067,采样间隔为30 s。为评估不同尺度的定位精度差异,将所有测站分为两类网:一类为56个IGS站组成的全球网(图 1中蓝色三角形+黄色三角形);另一类为中国境内的50个GNSS连续站加周边7个IGS站组成的区域网(图 1中红色三角形+黄色三角形)。
BDS-3与GPS数据均采用GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71软件进行处理[10]。为确保结果具有可比性,对全球网和区域网的BDS-3、GPS数据实施独立解算,并采用统一的处理策略与模型(表 1)。数据处理流程大致为:1)通过GAMIT分别解算全球网与区域网的单日解,包括测站坐标、极移参数、天顶对流层延迟、卫星相位中心偏差及卫星参数的松弛解及其方差-协方差矩阵;2)利用GLOBK合并区域网与全球网的单日松弛解,生成包含全球IGS站与中国GNSS基准站的单日联合解;3)选取全球范围内的56个IGS站作为参考框架转换的参考站,基于全球单日松弛解作为准观测值,通过GLOBK实施包含3个平移参数、3个旋转参数及1个尺度因子的七参数相似变换,最终获取各站点在ITRF2020参考框架下的单日坐标解[11-12]。
本文拟从模糊度固定率、卫星轨道精度、坐标时间序列和速度场4个维度进行不同尺度下的BDS-3和GPS定位精度评估。首先,使用GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71软件直接输出的结果进行模糊度固定率和卫星轨道精度对比。其次,比较GPS和BDS-3间的坐标时间序列差异,包括趋势性和时间序列的离散程度。其中,离散程度主要通过长期重复性精度(WRMS)进行衡量,WRMS是多期观测条件下对各时段定位结果线性拟合的中误差,其计算公式为:
$\mathrm{WRMS}=\sqrt{\frac{n \sum\limits_{i=1}^n \frac{\left(l_i-l_i^m\right)^2}{\sigma_i^2}}{(n-2) \sum\limits_{i=1}^n\left(\frac{1}{\sigma_i}\right)^2}}$
式中,li为单日解;σi为li的方差;n为li的数量;lim为li的线性拟合值。
最后,对BDS-3和GPS的坐标时间序列进行拟合,得到其站点长期线性速率和误差,以比较二者的速度场。长期GPS与BDS-3坐标时间序列可采用如下函数进行建模,该函数包含线性速率、周年和半周年项、同震阶跃与非同震阶跃及震后弛豫信息等:
$\begin{gathered}y\left(t_i\right)=a+b t_i+c \sin \left(2 \pi t_i\right)+d \cos \left(2 \pi t_i\right)+ \\e \sin \left(4 \pi t_i\right)+f \cos \left(4 \pi t_i\right)+\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n_g} g_j H\left(t_i-T_{g_j}\right)+ \\\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n_h} h_j H\left(t_i-T_{h_j}\right) t_i+\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n_p} p_j H\left( {{t_i} - {T_{{p_j}}}} \right) \cdot \\\lg \left[1+\frac{t_i-T_{p_j}}{\tau_j}\right]\end{gathered}$
式中,a为截距;b为线性速率;c、d为年周期振幅;e、f为半年周期振幅;gj、hj与pj分别为在时间点Tgj、Thj和Tpj处的同震与非同震阶跃值, 其中Tpj表示震后的地震时刻;ng、nh与np分别为同震与非同震阶跃的数量;τj为震后弛豫因子;H为Heaviside阶跃函数。
宽巷(WL)和窄巷(NL)模糊度固定率分别反映了不同组合观测值的解算可靠性。宽巷模糊度固定率高、速度快,适合作为初始约束,窄巷模糊度固定率低但精度高,是最终高精度定位的关键[13-14]。分别提取每天解算的全球网和区域网中BDS-3和GPS的宽巷和窄巷模糊度固定率(图 2)。在全球网解算中,BDS-3和GPS的宽巷模糊度固定率相差不大,但窄巷模糊度固定率明显低于GPS。具体而言,BDS-3和GPS的宽巷模糊度平均固定率分别为90.3%和93.7%,而窄巷模糊度平均固定率分别为72.7%和88.1%。在区域网解算中,BDS-3的宽巷和窄巷模糊度固定率均稍高于GPS。具体而言,BDS-3和GPS的宽巷模糊度平均固定率分别为88.8%和83.3%,窄巷模糊度平均固定率分别为80.1%和76.2%,说明BDS-3在全球大尺度定位中稍差于GPS,但在区域小尺度定位中稍优于GPS。
卫星导航定位精度与卫星轨道精度密切相关,卫星轨道积分残差的多维度参数可用于从不同角度评估轨道解算精度[15-18]。本文分别提取每天BDS-3和GPS卫星轨道积分8个参数的残差平均值。其中,图 3(a)为轨道积分残差在3个正交方向(X/Y/Z)上的综合统计量,是评估轨道解算精度的核心指标,小于1 cm说明解算可靠;图 3(b)~3(d)分别为X、Y、Z三个坐标轴上的残差,图 3(e)为卫星轨道径向方向(沿卫星位置矢量方向)的残差;图 3(f)为卫星轨道切向方向(沿轨道运动方向)的残差;图 3(g)为轨道法向方向(垂直于轨道平面)的残差;图 3(h)为轨道在三维空间中的综合残差,该综合残差为径向、切向、法向残差的加权组合。由图 3可知,上述8个参数的残差平均值BDS-3均略大于GPS结果,其中三维空间的综合残差参数相差最大,平均值相差约2.8 mm,其他7个参数相差约1.5 mm,说明BDS-3轨道精度整体略低于GPS轨道精度。
图 4展示了AKSN和THYN站点的BDS-3和GPS在N、E、U方向的坐标时间序列结果。可以看出,BDS-3和GPS坐标时间序列结果除趋势性具有较好的一致性外,其周期性和转折等细节方面也具有较好的一致性。然而,在时间序列的离散度方面,BDS-3稍大于GPS,如BDS-3在AKSN站点的N、E、U方向的坐标时序WRMS值分别为2.2 mm、2.7 mm和6.0 mm,GPS则分别为1.4 mm、1.5 mm和5.2 mm。同时,从误差棒可以看出,BDS-3定位误差也稍大于GPS,说明BDS-3解算结果的稳定性和精度较GPS稍差。
为全面评估2种定位系统的长期坐标时间序列的离散程度,计算全球56个IGS站和中国大陆50个GNSS基准站点的BDS-3和GPS三方向的长期坐标时间序列的重复性精度。图 5显示,不论是区域网还是全球网,GPS得到的站点在N、E、U方向坐标时间序列的WRMS值均小于BDS-3结果,且GPS的WRMS值在全球不同区域差异不大,但BDS-3得到的N方向的WRMS值存在区域差异。由图 5还可以看出,亚洲、印度洋区域和北美洲站点的WRMS值要明显小于太平洋内部和南美洲区域站点的WRMS值。
统计所有站点的WRMS值(图 6)可知,BDS-3解算的N、E、U方向的坐标时序的WRMS平均值分别为2.44 mm、2.8 mm和7.0 mm,其中95%站点N方向的WRMS小于3.3 mm,E方向的WRMS小于3.5 mm,U方向的WRMS小于10.0 mm。GPS解算的N、E、U方向坐标时序的WRMS平均值分别为1.7 mm、1.8 mm和5.7 mm,其中95%站点N方向的WRMS小于2.4 mm,E方向的WRMS小于2.5 mm,U方向的WRMS小于7.8 mm。从上述各时间序列综合比较分析可以看出,现今的BDS-3高精度定位效果已经很好,但在稳定性和精度方面依然稍差于GPS解算结果。
图 7展示了本文通过坐标时间序列拟合得到的ITRF2020参考框架下的BDS-3和GPS的速度场结果。图 7(a)和7(b)显示,不论是全球网站点还是区域网站点,解算的BDS-3和GPS速度方向都基本一致。为更直观地比较2个结果的速率差异,图 7(c)展示了水平向BDS-3速率减去GPS速率的差值分布,结果显示,不论是全球网站点还是区域网站点,其速率差值约90%都在1 mm/a以内。
在模糊度固定率方面(图 2),BDS-3在全球网中的窄巷模糊度固定率均值(72.7%)显著低于GPS(88.1%),这可能导致全球长基线解算的可靠性降低。然而,在区域网中,BDS-3的宽巷和窄巷模糊度固定率均值均略高于GPS:BDS-3宽巷模糊度固定率均值为88.8%,GPS宽巷模糊度固定率均值为83.3%;BDS-3窄巷模糊度固定率均值为80.1%,GPS窄巷模糊度固定率均值为76.2%。这表明BDS-3数据处理在区域尺度(如中国大陆)更具适应性,可能得益于其混合星座使中国大陆及周边区域在复杂地形与高建筑密度环境下仍可获得更稳定的卫星几何形状(GDOP)与更优的可见星数,为区域尺度的定位、导航与授时服务提供天然的几何与链路冗余增益[19]。但BDS-3的窄巷模糊度固定率在全球尺度表现略差,表明其模糊度解算算法或信号稳定性需进一步改进,以提升全球高精度定位的可靠性。
卫星轨道精度对比(图 3)显示,BDS-3在8个轨道积分参数的残差平均值均高于GPS,其中三维空间综合残差参数差异最大(约2.8 mm)。BDS-3轨道精度整体略低,可能与星载氢钟性能或轨道建模的成熟度有关。GPS作为成熟的全球导航定位系统,其轨道解算已高度优化,而BDS-3的升级信号(如B1C/B2a)虽提升了区域性能,但在全球尺度下仍与GPS存在细微差距。未来需加强BDS-3定轨算法的研究,以缩小与GPS的差距。
坐标时间序列分析揭示了BDS-3定位在稳定性和精度方面的不足。在全球范围内,BDS-3的N、E、U方向WRMS平均值(2.44 mm, 2.8 mm, 7.0 mm)高于GPS(1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 5.7 mm),且BDS-3坐标时间序列离散度在U方向尤为明显(图 5)。这反映了BDS-3解算结果的噪声较大,可能受电离层延迟建模或接收机硬件偏差的影响。值得注意的是,BDS-3在亚洲和印度洋区域的WRMS值较低(图 5(a)),说明其区域性能优势明显。相比之下,GPS的WRMS全球分布更均匀,体现了其成熟系统的鲁棒性。
速度场比较显示,BDS-3与GPS的线性速率差异微小(90%站点在1 mm/a以内),表明两者在长期地壳形变监测中的一致性较高(图 7)。这支持了BDS-3在诸如地震监测等应用中的可靠性,但需结合多系统融合以补偿其短期不稳定性。
本文基于高精度GNSS数据处理软件,系统解算了BDS-3与GPS在全球和区域尺度下的单系统定位精度,并进行了对比,主要结论如下:1)BDS-3在全球网的窄巷模糊度固定率均值(72.7%)显著低于GPS(88.1%),但在区域网表现更优(BDS-3为80.1%,GPS为76.2%)。这表明BDS-3在区域尺度(如中国大陆)的定位可靠性较高,适用于本地化高精度应用。2)BDS-3在轨道积分残差参数上整体略低于GPS,二者平均差异约为1.5~2.8 mm。这反映了BDS-3轨道确定技术的成熟度仍需提升,尤其在径向和三维综合精度方面。3)BDS-3的N、E、U方向平均WRMS值(2.44 mm、2.8 mm、7.0 mm)高于GPS(1.7 mm、1.8 mm、5.7 mm),且二者U方向差异最大。BDS-3坐标时间序列的WRMS值在亚洲区域整体较小,但在全球分布不均,说明其稳定性受区域基准站网的影响,GPS则表现出更均匀的全球精度。4)BDS-3与GPS的速度场差异微小(90%站点速率差在1 mm/a以内),验证了BDS-3在长期构造运动监测中的可靠性。综上所述,BDS-3在区域应用中性能优异,但全球尺度下的定位精度和稳定性仍略逊于GPS。未来应优先优化BDS-3的轨道建模和模糊度解算算法,并推动多GNSS系统融合,以提升其在全球范围内的高精度定位能力。
  • 科技基础资源调查专项(2024FY101103-0)
  • 中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH25022YC)
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2026年第46卷第7期
24
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.367
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03
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科技基础资源调查专项(2024FY101103-0)
中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH25022YC)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局地震研究所,武汉,430071
    2 中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室,武汉,430071
    3 中国地震台网中心,北京,100045
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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