Article(id=1322916706661835164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916705915249052, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2026.01.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1767801600000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337521471, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337521471, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337521471, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337521471, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916705915249052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='790', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337521294, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337521294, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=875, endPage=886, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916706884133277, articleId=1322916706661835164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Formation Mechanisms for the Diversity of Magma Migration Pathways in the Mid-Crust: Visco-Elastic-Plastic-Thermodynamic Numerical Simulation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Through visco-elastic-plastic-thermodynamic numerical simulation, this study reveals the dynamic processes following magma intrusion into the mid-crust and elucidates the synergistic control mechanism of magma properties and wall-rock rheological characteristics on migration pathways. The results show that: 1) The density difference between magma and wall rock is the key factor controlling whether magma can ascend. When the density difference is low, magma tends to spread laterally in the mid-crust; when the density difference is high, magma has sufficient buoyancy to initiate ascent. 2) Given that the density difference provides the driving force for ascent, viscosity dominates the migration style. Low-viscosity magma can rapidly intrude into tensile fractures at the top to form vertical dikes, whereas high-viscosity magma, constrained by flow resistance, ascends obliquely along shear zones at the margins of sills. 3) The presence of a mid-crustal magma chamber alters the surrounding stress field, prompting magma to ascend asymmetrically along ring faults and form double-wing transport channels. The numerical simulation results reveal the physical mechanism governing the divergence of mid-crustal magma migration pathways, clarify the potential constraints of deep migration processes on shallow volcanic eruption styles, and provide an understanding of the complexity of volcanic conduit systems and the spatial differentiation of eruptive activity.

, authors=Yuxiao YAO1, Xiyao LI1, 2, *, Yongshun LIU3, Sanzhong LI1, 2, Liming DAI1, 2, Han YAN1, authorsList=Yuxiao YAO, Xiyao LI, Yongshun LIU, Sanzhong LI, Liming DAI, Han YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiyao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916711070048686, articleId=1322916706661835164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=中地壳岩浆运移路径多样化形成机制: 黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟, 揭示了岩浆侵入中地壳后的动力学过程, 并阐释了岩浆性质与围岩流变特性对运移路径的协同控制机制。结果表明: 1)岩浆与围岩的密度差是控制岩浆能否上升的关键, 当密度差较低时岩浆倾向于在中地壳横向扩展; 当密度差较高时岩浆则具备足够浮力启动上升; 2)在密度差提供上升驱动力的前提下, 黏度主导了运移样式, 低黏度岩浆可迅速涌入顶部张裂隙形成垂向岩墙, 高黏度岩浆则受限于流动阻力沿岩床边缘剪切带倾斜上升; 3)中地壳岩浆房的存在改变了周围围岩应力场, 从而促使岩浆沿环状断裂不对称上升, 形成双翼输运通道。模型的数值模拟结果揭示了中地壳岩浆运移路径分异的物理机制, 阐明深部运移过程对浅表火山喷发样式的潜在约束作用, 提供了对火山管道系统复杂性及喷发活动空间分异特征的理解。

, authors=姚宇萧1, 李玺瑶1, 2, *, 刘永顺3, 李三忠1, 2, 戴黎明1, 2, 闫涵1, authorsList=姚宇萧, 李玺瑶, 刘永顺, 李三忠, 戴黎明, 闫涵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李玺瑶, authorNote=

姚宇萧, 硕士生, 主要从事数值模拟和岩浆动力学研究, E-mail:

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李玺瑶, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事火成岩岩石学和岩浆动力学研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SVYLohiDYYhKM/e3Jt4bFA==, magXml=NVRIqeiIKX10tEJ7NL5ktw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Qeo4O9kfsmVzaq2emjnc1Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3UlexXUCZe1zKxjKVFweTw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322916713267863993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yaoyuxiao1436@stu.ouc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916715117552059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, authorId=1322916713267863993, language=EN, stringName=Yuxiao YAO, firstName=Yuxiao, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916715226603964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, authorId=1322916713267863993, language=CN, stringName=姚宇萧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛, 266100, bio={"content":"

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Density Structures of Crust and Vertical Tectonic Stress Field of Lithosphere in Northeast Asia[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61 (6): 2280- 2291, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916742346973745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=17, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=54, authorNames=Sun X Y, Zhan Y, Zhao L Q, journalName=Geophysical Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Sun X Y , Zhan Y , Zhao L Q , et al. Does a Shallow Magma Reservoir Exist in the Wudalianchi Volcanic Field Constraints from Magnetotelluric Imaging[J]. 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caption=中地壳岩浆房对岩浆运移过程的影响, figureFileSmall=mY7QUF/SBrvdYavqORKB0Q==, figureFileBig=wvmrDSfEon53LoD+6R57Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916726190514675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Main physical parameters used in the numerical model[36-37]

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物质场ρ0①ADEaVanCSin(φ)CpK②Tsolidus-Tliquidus③HLHr
/kg·m-3/S-1·MPa-n/kJ·mol-1/J·bar-1—/MPa—/J·kg-1·
K-1
/W·m-1·K-1/K/kJ·kg-1/W·m-3
空气1————003 000300——0
上地壳2 7003.2×10-415402.3100.21 000K1TS1-TL13001.0×10-6
中地壳2 8302.7×10-423803.2100.21 000K2TS2-TL23805.0×10-7
下地壳2 9502.7×10-423803.2100.21 000K2TS2-TL23805.0×10-7
岩石圈3 3002.5×104532103.5100.61 000K3TS3-TL34002.2×10-8
软流圈3 3002.5×104532103.5100.61 000K3TS3-TL34002.2×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1322916726278595060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数值模型中主要用到的物理参数[36-37]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质场ρ0①ADEaVanCSin(φ)CpK②Tsolidus-Tliquidus③HLHr
/kg·m-3/S-1·MPa-n/kJ·mol-1/J·bar-1—/MPa—/J·kg-1·
K-1
/W·m-1·K-1/K/kJ·kg-1/W·m-3
空气1————003 000300——0
上地壳2 7003.2×10-415402.3100.21 000K1TS1-TL13001.0×10-6
中地壳2 8302.7×10-423803.2100.21 000K2TS2-TL23805.0×10-7
下地壳2 9502.7×10-423803.2100.21 000K2TS2-TL23805.0×10-7
岩石圈3 3002.5×104532103.5100.61 000K3TS3-TL34002.2×10-8
软流圈3 3002.5×104532103.5100.61 000K3TS3-TL34002.2×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1322916726626722293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Numerical modelling experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号岩浆密度/kg·m-3岩浆黏度/Pa·s上/中/下地壳密度/kg·m-3地壳岩浆房模拟结果
12 35010152 600/2 750/2 950√两翼上升
22 35010152 650/2 800/3 000√两翼上升
32 35010152 700/2 830/2 950√图 8
42 35010152 700/2 850/3 050√两翼上升
52 35010152 750/2 900/3 100√两翼上升
62 35010152 800/2 950/3 150√两翼上升
72 65010122 700/2 830/2 950√侧向上升
82 65010122 700/2 850/3 050√侧向上升
92 65010122 750/2 900/3 100√侧向上升
102 65010122 800/2 950/3 150√侧向上升
112 35010152 600/2 750/2 950—图 7
122 35010152 650/2 800/3 000—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
132 35010152 700/2 850/3 050—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
142 35010152 750/2 900/3 100—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
152 55010132 600/2 750/2 950—中地壳滞留
162 55010132 650/2 800/3 000—中地壳滞留
侧翼上升趋势
172 55010132 700/2 850/3 050—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
182 55010132 750/2 900/3 100—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
192 55010132 800/2 950/3 150—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
202 65010122 600/2 750/2 950—图 5
212 65010122 650/2 800/3 000—中地壳滞留
顶部上升趋势
222 65010122 700/2 850/3 050—中地壳滞留
顶部上升趋势
232 65010122 750/2 900/3 100—顶部张性裂隙垂向上升
242 65010122 800/2 950/3 150—图 6
252 75010152 700/2 830/2 950—中地壳滞留
262 65010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
272 55010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
282 45010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
292 35010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
302 25010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
312 70010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
322 70010132 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
332 70010112 700/2 830/2 950—中地壳滞留
342 70010102 700/2 830/2 950—中地壳滞留
352 7001092 700/2 830/2 950—模型效果不佳
362 7001072 700/2 830/2 950—模型效果不佳
372 75010112 700/2 830/2 950—模型效果不佳
382 65010122 700/2 830/2 950—图 2
392 55010132 700/2 830/2 950—图 4
402 45010142 700/2 830/2 950—图 3
412 35010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
), ArticleFig(id=1322916728652571126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

数值模拟实验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号岩浆密度/kg·m-3岩浆黏度/Pa·s上/中/下地壳密度/kg·m-3地壳岩浆房模拟结果
12 35010152 600/2 750/2 950√两翼上升
22 35010152 650/2 800/3 000√两翼上升
32 35010152 700/2 830/2 950√图 8
42 35010152 700/2 850/3 050√两翼上升
52 35010152 750/2 900/3 100√两翼上升
62 35010152 800/2 950/3 150√两翼上升
72 65010122 700/2 830/2 950√侧向上升
82 65010122 700/2 850/3 050√侧向上升
92 65010122 750/2 900/3 100√侧向上升
102 65010122 800/2 950/3 150√侧向上升
112 35010152 600/2 750/2 950—图 7
122 35010152 650/2 800/3 000—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
132 35010152 700/2 850/3 050—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
142 35010152 750/2 900/3 100—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
152 55010132 600/2 750/2 950—中地壳滞留
162 55010132 650/2 800/3 000—中地壳滞留
侧翼上升趋势
172 55010132 700/2 850/3 050—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
182 55010132 750/2 900/3 100—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
192 55010132 800/2 950/3 150—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
202 65010122 600/2 750/2 950—图 5
212 65010122 650/2 800/3 000—中地壳滞留
顶部上升趋势
222 65010122 700/2 850/3 050—中地壳滞留
顶部上升趋势
232 65010122 750/2 900/3 100—顶部张性裂隙垂向上升
242 65010122 800/2 950/3 150—图 6
252 75010152 700/2 830/2 950—中地壳滞留
262 65010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
272 55010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
282 45010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
292 35010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
302 25010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
312 70010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
322 70010132 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
332 70010112 700/2 830/2 950—中地壳滞留
342 70010102 700/2 830/2 950—中地壳滞留
352 7001092 700/2 830/2 950—模型效果不佳
362 7001072 700/2 830/2 950—模型效果不佳
372 75010112 700/2 830/2 950—模型效果不佳
382 65010122 700/2 830/2 950—图 2
392 55010132 700/2 830/2 950—图 4
402 45010142 700/2 830/2 950—图 3
412 35010152 700/2 830/2 950—岩床边缘剪切断裂上升
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中地壳岩浆运移路径多样化形成机制: 黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟
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姚宇萧 1 , 李玺瑶 1, 2, * , 刘永顺 3 , 李三忠 1, 2 , 戴黎明 1, 2 , 闫涵 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(7): 875-886
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (7) : 875 -886
中地壳岩浆运移路径多样化形成机制: 黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟
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2 青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 青岛, 266237, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916712026349999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916712298979760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, companyId=1322916712026349999, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916712311562673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, companyId=1322916712026349999, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛, 266100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916712403837362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916712416420275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, companyId=1322916712403837362, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916712806490548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, companyId=1322916712403837362, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 青岛, 266237)])]), Author(id=1322916717009183189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916717344727511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, authorId=1322916717009183189, language=EN, stringName=Han YAN, firstName=Han, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916717478945240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, authorId=1322916717009183189, language=CN, stringName=闫涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛, 266100, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916712026349999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916712298979760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, companyId=1322916712026349999, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916712311562673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916706661835164, companyId=1322916712026349999, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛, 266100)])])]
姚宇萧1 , 李玺瑶1, 2, * , 刘永顺3, 李三忠1, 2, 戴黎明1, 2, 闫涵1
作者信息
  • 1 深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛, 266100
  • 2 青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 青岛, 266237
  • 3 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京, 100048
通讯作者:
李玺瑶, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事火成岩岩石学和岩浆动力学研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

姚宇萧, 硕士生, 主要从事数值模拟和岩浆动力学研究, E-mail:

Formation Mechanisms for the Diversity of Magma Migration Pathways in the Mid-Crust: Visco-Elastic-Plastic-Thermodynamic Numerical Simulation
Yuxiao YAO1 , Xiyao LI1, 2, * , Yongshun LIU3, Sanzhong LI1, 2, Liming DAI1, 2, Han YAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2 Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
  • 3 College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.01.009
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通过黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟, 揭示了岩浆侵入中地壳后的动力学过程, 并阐释了岩浆性质与围岩流变特性对运移路径的协同控制机制。结果表明: 1)岩浆与围岩的密度差是控制岩浆能否上升的关键, 当密度差较低时岩浆倾向于在中地壳横向扩展; 当密度差较高时岩浆则具备足够浮力启动上升; 2)在密度差提供上升驱动力的前提下, 黏度主导了运移样式, 低黏度岩浆可迅速涌入顶部张裂隙形成垂向岩墙, 高黏度岩浆则受限于流动阻力沿岩床边缘剪切带倾斜上升; 3)中地壳岩浆房的存在改变了周围围岩应力场, 从而促使岩浆沿环状断裂不对称上升, 形成双翼输运通道。模型的数值模拟结果揭示了中地壳岩浆运移路径分异的物理机制, 阐明深部运移过程对浅表火山喷发样式的潜在约束作用, 提供了对火山管道系统复杂性及喷发活动空间分异特征的理解。

岩浆动力学  /  岩浆运移机制  /  火山  /  中地壳  /  数值模拟

Through visco-elastic-plastic-thermodynamic numerical simulation, this study reveals the dynamic processes following magma intrusion into the mid-crust and elucidates the synergistic control mechanism of magma properties and wall-rock rheological characteristics on migration pathways. The results show that: 1) The density difference between magma and wall rock is the key factor controlling whether magma can ascend. When the density difference is low, magma tends to spread laterally in the mid-crust; when the density difference is high, magma has sufficient buoyancy to initiate ascent. 2) Given that the density difference provides the driving force for ascent, viscosity dominates the migration style. Low-viscosity magma can rapidly intrude into tensile fractures at the top to form vertical dikes, whereas high-viscosity magma, constrained by flow resistance, ascends obliquely along shear zones at the margins of sills. 3) The presence of a mid-crustal magma chamber alters the surrounding stress field, prompting magma to ascend asymmetrically along ring faults and form double-wing transport channels. The numerical simulation results reveal the physical mechanism governing the divergence of mid-crustal magma migration pathways, clarify the potential constraints of deep migration processes on shallow volcanic eruption styles, and provide an understanding of the complexity of volcanic conduit systems and the spatial differentiation of eruptive activity.

magma dynamics  /  magma migration mechanism  /  volcano  /  mid-crust  /  numerical simulation
姚宇萧, 李玺瑶, 刘永顺, 李三忠, 戴黎明, 闫涵. 中地壳岩浆运移路径多样化形成机制: 黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (7) : 875 -886 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.01.009
Yuxiao YAO, Xiyao LI, Yongshun LIU, Sanzhong LI, Liming DAI, Han YAN. Formation Mechanisms for the Diversity of Magma Migration Pathways in the Mid-Crust: Visco-Elastic-Plastic-Thermodynamic Numerical Simulation[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (7) : 875 -886 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.01.009
岩浆的生成、运移与侵位是塑造岩石圈结构,驱动地壳演化,并最终导致火山喷发这一显著地质现象的核心过程之一。尽管已有研究积累了一定的重要认识[1-2],深入了解岩浆在地壳不同层位中的运移方式与机制及其调控因素仍是一项挑战,也对火山灾害的监测、相关资源能源的勘探及地球内部物质和能量循环的更深入认识具有至关重要的意义[3-5]。火山喷发是地下复杂岩浆系统的浅在表现[6-8],其中岩浆运移的效率、路径和最终的侵位位置与状态直接控制着火山活动的分布与火山喷发的规模、样式与频率[9-11],并进一步影响着地壳变形、成矿及气候环境[12-13]。因此,深入了解控制岩浆在复杂地壳介质中上升运移的动力学机制,特别是其具体的通道化形式(如岩墙、岩床及其网络结构)和动力学行为,是连接深部岩浆过程与可观测地质现象不可或缺的桥梁。
围绕中上地壳及近地表区域,前人通过多种方法与手段对岩浆运移的物理机制获得了一定的认识,表明岩浆系统是贯穿地壳的立体结构,岩浆的运移方式有岩墙的侵位、岩床的展布、岩脉的分叉等,其主要受控于岩浆自身的物理性质与围岩的力学响应[14-15]。数值模拟在量化这些控制因素、再现通道形成与演化的动力学过程方面发挥了关键作用。
目前对岩浆在较浅的脆性上地壳中的运移已有相对明确的认识,并构建了穿地壳岩浆系统的概念框架[8, 16],但对岩浆性质(密度、黏度)与围岩流变特性协同控制下的岩浆运移路径分异机制仍缺乏系统认知。该深度域的高温高压环境导致围岩呈现黏塑性行为,广泛发育的部分熔融体可能改变岩浆-围岩系统的力学响应。尤其是在脆-韧性过渡带,岩浆的密度-黏度组合如何与围岩流变特性协同作用导致岩浆运移路径的多样化,尚需要深入的定量模拟研究。为此,需采用高分辨率数值模拟方法,聚焦于中地壳岩浆运移路径分异机制的数值模拟方法,通过构建黏弹塑性-热力学耦合模型系统性探讨中地壳条件下岩浆性质与围岩流变特性对运移样式的协同控制作用及先存岩浆房对应力场的影响,为岩浆系统演化提供新的认识。
大陆地壳的垂向分层结构已通过地球物理、岩石学和地球化学等数据被广泛研究[17-18]。中地壳通常是脆-韧性转换带,作为关键流变界面,其深度受控于应变速率、岩石组分及熔体分数。下地壳低强度韧性层的存在为岩浆底辟上升提供了必要条件,而中地壳过渡性流变则可能阻碍岩脉垂向贯通。
火山下方的岩浆房是岩浆储存区,也是活跃大型复式火山的必要前提,其岩浆供给通常源自地壳岩浆房[19]。岩浆房深度一般在几公里至几十公里之间,大多数岩浆房可能由岩床演化而来,较大的岩浆房通常涉及多次侵入事件,并且充当着深部岩浆源的汇聚中心,将岩浆疏导至地表[20]。不同地区的岩浆房结构具有较大差异,其横向规模和形态各不相同[21]。近些年的研究表明,岩浆房的几何形态不仅受岩浆自身物理属性、区域构造及围岩性质的控制,还受熔体-晶体相互作用、流变学差异及多尺度热-力学过程的共同影响[22],大多地壳岩浆房在其演化的最后阶段形状近似于理想的平躺型扁椭球体或是垂向延伸的长椭球体[23]。
地幔源区深度、化学成分、初始挥发分含量、地壳厚度与流变特性、区域地温梯度、流变分层性及地壳应力条件等参数的高度变异性,共同导致了输导系统的多样性[14, 24](图 1)。目前已识别出多种岩浆管道系统[2, 25-27],这可能归因于在多种因素的控制下,岩浆在中地壳的输运机制与路径选择出现显著空间分异性,在密度差导致的浮力驱动与超压驱动下, 岩浆以底辟、侵位等方式或是沿构造裂隙垂向上升而形成直立岩墙群;在水平构造应力主导区域的作用下则水平扩展形成层状岩床[28];此外,在破火山口下方先前存在的或是塌陷形成的环状断层也会为岩浆提供岩浆房侧翼通道促使其侧向运移[29-30]。总的来说,岩浆垂向上升与横向迁移受地壳应力-流变-构造三重耦合控制,前人对五大连池火山群、堪察加半岛等地区的研究均为此提供了地质证据[31-33]。
近年来数值模拟已被广泛应用于动力学相关研究[34]。例如,在岩浆房形态的相关研究中,前人采用有限差分与单元格标记技术表明岩浆房的稳定性受其形状、应力环境及围岩性质共同影响[35];此外,在岩浆的运移与侵位方面,数值模拟还揭示了气体析出速率、压力变化与黏性效应在岩浆上升过程中的关键作用,及地壳流变分层性对岩浆分层侵位的控制[36]。这些模拟从多尺度、多物理场角度系统解析了岩浆系统的形成、运移与演化机制。尽管当前数值模拟已取得极大进展,但对岩浆运移路径的主控因素仍缺乏系统性分析,需通过多参数协同模拟揭示其形态分异的内在物理约束。
本文使用跨岩石圈玄武质岩浆侵入-侵位进入地壳的黏弹塑性-热力学数值模型(I2VIS代码),该模型运行过程中还考虑到侵蚀/沉积过程[37]。
$\frac{\partial \tau_{i j}}{\partial x_j}-\frac{\partial P}{\partial x_i}+\rho g_i=0$
$\frac{1}{K} \frac{\mathrm{~d} P}{\mathrm{~d} t}-\alpha \frac{\mathrm{d} T}{\mathrm{~d} t}+\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_i}=0$
$\rho C_p \frac{\mathrm{~d} T}{\mathrm{~d} t}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}\left(\lambda \frac{\partial T}{\partial x_i}\right)+H_s+H_r+H_a$
式中,xi(i=1, 2, 3)为笛卡尔坐标;τij=σij+Pδij为Cauchy应力差;δij为克罗耐特符号,i=j时取1,反之取0;P为总压力;ρ为密度;gi为重力加速度分量;vi为速度张量;T为温度;K为体积模量;α为热膨胀系数;Cp为有效等压热容;λ为热导系数;Hr为放射性产热;Hs为剪切产热,其大小与变形过程中机械能的耗散有关,取决于偏应力和偏应变率;Ha为绝热产热,与压力变化有关,$H_a=T \alpha \frac{\mathrm{~d} P}{\mathrm{~d} t}, \frac{\mathrm{~d} P}{\mathrm{~d} t}$为物质的时间导数。上述方程组的解描述了地质固体流体的运动。
地球岩石圈主要由固体岩石组成,这些岩石在较短的距离和时间尺度上表现出刚性(弹性或塑性)特征。然而,随着时间的推移,岩石更多地表现为黏性流体而非刚性固体。作为用于描述岩石变形性质的流变学,其大小取决于大量参数,包括温度、压力、应力、晶体粒度、熔体或水的含量。在地球动力学中,岩石的流变学通常被描述为3种变形机制的组合:黏性、弹性和塑性。因此,描述岩石非线性黏-弹-塑性变形的偏应变率张量的本构方程为:
$\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}=\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{el}}+\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{vs}}+\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{pl}}=\frac{\stackrel{\diamond}{\tau}_{i j}}{2 G}+\dot{\varepsilon}_{\mathrm{II}}^{\mathrm{vs}} \frac{\tau_{i j}}{\tau_{\mathrm{II}}}+\dot{\varepsilon}_{\mathrm{II}}^{\mathrm{pl}} \frac{\tau_{i j}}{\tau_{\mathrm{II}}}$
式中,$\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial v_j}{\partial x_i}\right)-\frac{1}{3} \frac{\partial v_k}{\partial x_k} \delta_{i j}$为偏应变率张量;$\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{el}} 、\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{vs}}$和$\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{pl}}$分别为弹性、黏性和塑性分量;$\stackrel{\diamond}{\tau}_{i j}=\frac{\partial \tau_{i j}}{\partial t}+\tau_{i k} \omega_{k j}-\omega_{i k} \tau_{k j}$为Jaumann应力变化率;$\omega_{i j}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_j}-\frac{\partial v_j}{\partial x_i}\right)$为自旋张量;G为弹性剪切模量;下标Ⅱ为相应张量的第二不变量的平方根,例如:对于偏应力$\tau_{\mathrm{II}}=\left(\frac{1}{2} \tau_{i j} \tau_{i j}\right)^{1 / 2}$。黏性蠕变应变率的大小考虑了扩散蠕变($\dot{\varepsilon}_l$)和位错蠕变($\dot{\varepsilon}_n$):
$\dot{\varepsilon}_{i j}^{\mathrm{vs}}=\dot{\varepsilon}_l+\dot{\varepsilon}_n=A_{\mathrm{diff}} \tau_{\mathrm{II}}+A_{\mathrm{disl}}\left(\tau_{\mathrm{II}}\right)^n$
式中,n>1为位错蠕变的应力指数(扩散蠕变的n等于1);Adiff和Adisl分别为扩散蠕变和位错蠕变的指数前因子。详细流变参数及塑性屈服强度、有效密度等计算见参考文献[37]。
典型大陆地壳的研究认为其具有明确的垂向三分结构,对各种不同类型的大陆地壳研究表明, 典型大陆地壳的厚度在30~45 km,其中中-上地壳的厚度占比在55%~90%之间,整体地壳的密度在2 700~3 100 kg/m3[17, 38]。近年对东北典型火山区五大连池火山群的地球物理研究结果也揭示了其下方的地壳分层结构,而对其他火山区(如俄罗斯堪察加半岛克柳切夫火山群)的研究也发现相似的地壳分层结构,但两者岩浆在中地壳的运移路径存在一定差异[39-40]。所以以Gerya[37]的理想模型为基底,参考两者的地壳结构、物性参数进行了初始模型背景物质场设置(表 1)[36-37]。此外,由于模型本身限制,出于模型计算稳定性的考虑,也为在数值模拟中清晰观测岩浆运移的各个阶段,模型在合理范围内适当放大了岩浆黏度值,以延长特征时间尺度。因此,模拟采用的岩浆黏度范围为107~1015 Pa·s,岩浆密度范围为2 300~2 800 kg/m3(表 2)。在此基础上,用ρ≥2 650 kg/m3、η≤1012 Pa·s的熔体代表高密度低黏度岩浆,ρ≤2 450 kg/m3、η≥1014 Pa·s的熔体代表低密度高黏度的岩浆,介于两者之间的代表过渡型岩浆。
该二维数值模型用以模拟幔源岩浆上升至中地壳后的岩浆运移过程,模型水平尺度100 km(网格数201),垂向深度120 km(网格数61),其中底部设置高分辨率区(垂向延伸,31个网格,分辨率1 000 m),全域随机分布约20万个标记粒子,深部结构分层依据典型地球物理成果设定。模型的所有力学边界均为自由滑移边界。模型的顶部设置7 km厚的空气层(密度1 kg/m3,黏度1013 Pa·s)来模拟岩浆上升地表形变,并对近边界节点实施密度平坦化处理,以抑制非物理扰动,地壳分层结构采用13 km的上地壳、10 km的中地壳与10 km的下地壳[41]。温度边界采用顶边界固定273 K、底边界固定1 600 K、侧边界绝热且对称,空气层恒温273 K,软流圈绝热区域地温梯度0.5 K/km;深部的初始温度通过分段函数定义以区分深部结构的不同热状态,分别根据地壳线性插值(地表273 K/莫霍面973 K)与岩石圈地幔线性插值(岩石圈底1 600 K/莫霍面973 K)来计算地壳和岩石圈地幔区域某一深度位置处的初始温度。模型的速度边界则均设置为自由滑移界面,上下边界维持恒定水平速度(垂向速度自由演化),左右边界保持恒定垂向速度(水平速度自由流动),以模拟地表变形稳定与边界自然过渡。
为了探究中地壳岩浆上升机制的调控因素,评估模拟结果的稳健性,基于MATLAB数值模拟程序针对关键物理参数开展了41组数值模拟实验(表 2),在模拟中系统地测试了岩浆密度、黏度、地壳密度对岩浆在中地壳的运移过程的影响。后续讨论选择了其中7组模型作为参考。
岩浆的密度、黏度等物理性质是影响中地壳岩浆运移的关键因素。在地幔或地壳深部岩石部分熔融形成岩浆后,由于密度低于周围围岩,在浮力作用的驱动下沿着裂隙或薄弱层上升,到达中性浮力层,此时岩浆处于重力平衡状态,可能横向扩展形成岩床,因性质差异可能形成不同的运移路径和行为。不同密度的岩浆在相同或相似的深度条件下所产生的净浮力存在显著差异,这种浮力差异直接导致了不同类型岩浆上升驱动力的差异;而岩浆黏度作为表征岩浆内部黏滞阻力的参数,很大程度上控制着岩浆的流动性,进而影响着岩浆运移路径选择与上升速率。为了系统解释其控制作用,设计不同的密度-黏度组合数值实验,表 2中实验38~40分别对应图 2~4所示的3种典型运移行为。
模拟结果显示,高密度、低黏度岩浆上升至中地壳后(实验38,图 2(a)~2(c)),优先沿水平方向延展侵位形成水平侵入体(图 2(d))。伴随深源岩浆持续沿输导通道注入,当超压积累达到围岩抗拉强度阈值时,侵入体顶板发育张性破裂,岩浆随即沿此裂隙垂向贯入,形成中央穿刺通道(图 2(f))。这一过程表明,该岩浆与围岩之间的密度差(Δρ=180 kg/m3)已为岩浆的上升提供了基本驱动力,而相对较低的黏度则使其对压力变化具有极强的瞬时响应能力,能够迅速涌入新生裂隙并建立起高效输运通道。在此过程中,岩浆的注入产生的垂向应力与区域构造应力叠加,导致侵入体顶部应力分布不均。中部区域垂向应力最大,形成张性应力集中区。同时,深部持续注入的岩浆在中部不断积累高压,在持续构造应力作用下,顶板因边界约束与岩浆压力耦合,导致中部张应力显著聚敛,优先达到岩石抗拉强度阈值,从而诱发垂向张性破裂。由于岩浆黏度极低、流动性极强,能对压力梯度产生近瞬态响应,在应力差驱动下瞬间涌入新生裂隙并高效贯入,最终形成贯通性火山通道。
低密度、高黏度的岩浆在浮力驱动下沿着初始的垂直通道上升至中地壳后(实验40,图 3(a)~3(c)),也同样优先横向运移形成水平侵入体(图 3(b)~3(c)),但在随后的岩浆持续注入的过程中并未在顶板的中部形成张裂隙与中央通道,而是不断地沿侵入体横向运移一定距离后沿着岩床边缘的破碎带倾斜上升(图 3(e)~3(f))。较大的密度差(Δρ=380 kg/m3)为岩浆的运移提供了充足的驱动力,然而高黏度特性却显著抑制了岩浆向微裂隙的渗透能力,迫使运移路径转向更宽大的构造薄弱带。在此过程中,较低的密度使其具有更强的驱动力,但由于其具有较高的黏度导致其流动缓慢,且难以渗入细小的张裂隙,很大程度上阻碍了垂向运移的效率。此时,岩浆便沿着侵入体进行输运,边缘发生的剪切断裂为岩浆的运移提供了通道,岩浆在浮力倾斜分量驱动下沿剪切破裂面楔入上升,最终在侵入体边界形成特征性的倾斜岩席结构。
介于这两种岩浆之间的岩浆(此处称为过渡型岩浆,实验39)在上升至中地壳后(图 4(a)~4(c)),同样也会优先发生横向扩展形成水平侵入体,然而这种岩浆的物性参数介于前述两类端元岩浆之间,导致后续演化路径出现显著不同。在深部岩浆的持续注入、岩床内部压力增大的过程中,尽管其密度差(Δρ=280 kg/m3)大于高密度岩浆实验(Δρ=180 kg/m3),浮力驱动更强,但相对更大的黏度使岩浆对压力梯度的响应显著减缓,岩床内部超压积累时,岩浆无法快速涌入新生裂隙。在此条件下,岩浆维持相对均匀的压力分布,选择能耗更低的路径,持续且对称地向两侧横向扩展(图 4(b)~4(d))。当扩展到一定程度时,运移路径增长,围岩的侧向约束增强,新注入的岩浆便难以继续沿着横向输送,开始在侵入体的下方或内部囤积增压,使整个侵入体均匀增厚,向下底侵,最终形成厚板状侵入体(图 4(d)~4(f))。
综上所述,岩浆的性质是决定其运移行为的首要内在因素。密度差提供了上升的根本驱动力,是控制岩浆能否上升的关键,当Δρ低于150 kg/m3时(实验20、25、37等), 岩浆倾向于在中地壳停滞,持续向两侧横向扩展并逐渐增厚;当Δρ大于200 kg/m3时, (实验7、23、30等)岩浆则倾向于沿薄弱区上升。值得注意的是,密度差介于150 kg/m3与200 kg/m3之间也能观察到明显的上升趋势(实验22、38等),表明这一区间也接近或已达到上升所需的启动浮力阈值。在满足岩浆上升的前提下,黏度决定了岩浆对通道压力的响应速度和方式。低黏度岩浆在侵入体中部形成张性破裂后便迅速贯入,形成垂向岩浆通道;高黏度的岩浆受限于流动阻力,沿侵入体边缘剪切断裂斜向上升形成倾斜岩席;过渡型岩浆则因浮力与黏度平衡,持续增厚形成厚板状侵入体。需要说明的是,出于模型计算稳定性的考虑,也为了能够更清晰地再现岩浆运移的各个阶段,此次模拟所采用的岩浆黏度较实际值有所放大。因此,所涉及的黏度范围应视为相对意义上的定性划分,但所揭示的“密度差决定能否上升、黏度决定运移样式”的规律仍具普适意义。
围岩的性质通过调控岩浆浮力、运移路径和流变耦合关系直接影响岩浆的扩展模式与形态特征。本次模拟设计了多种不同类型岩浆与不同地壳密度组合的实验(表 2),结果表明,不同的地壳密度对岩浆运移的影响呈现出显著的差异。
当围岩密度相对较低时(实验20),具有较高密度的偏基性岩浆在运移过程中(图 5),因有限的正向密度差(Δρ=100 kg/m3)产生的浮力不足以完全克服中地壳围岩的黏滞阻力与破裂强度,岩浆往往在运移至脆-韧转换带时发生停滞(图 5(a)~5(c)),优先沿水平方向的力学薄弱面扩展形成板状侵入体,在持续的岩浆注入后,岩床不断地垂向增厚最终形成厚板状侵入体(图 5(d)~5(f))。
相较于图 2所展示的模拟结果,更高密度的围岩则能够提供更加充足的上升驱动力(实验23、24,Δρ≥250 kg/m3),在水平侵入体形成后岩浆仍持续不断地注入填充(图 6(a)~6(b)),内部的超压不断增大,当超压积累达到围岩抗拉强度阈值时其顶部发生垂向张性破裂(图 6(c)~6(d)),流动性较强的低黏度偏基性岩浆随即沿此裂隙垂向贯入,形成垂向岩脉系统(图 6(e)~6(f))。在此过程中,通过热弱化效应显著降低围岩抗拉强度与断裂韧性,减少裂隙扩展的能耗阻力,最终发展为贯穿地壳的高效输运路径,控制岩浆的喷发位置与规模。
模型的中地壳整体密度在2 700~3 100 kg/m3之间,因而各类地壳围岩与偏低密度岩浆之间始终存在显著密度差(实验11~14,Δρ≥350 kg/m3),这种差异产生持续的浮力驱动效应,为岩浆垂向运移提供根本动力。然而,这种岩浆高黏度的特性仍提供了较强的黏滞阻力,抑制了岩浆沿顶部裂隙的上升。当岩浆到达一定深度时也同样沿水平方向发生侧向扩展,形成板状的侵入体。随后持续注入的岩浆导致侵入体边缘剪应力的集中,促进了边缘剪切断裂的形成,在浮力的驱动下,岩浆沿着这些断裂倾斜上升(图 3和7)。
由此可见,围岩密度通过调节浮力大小,与外部的构造应力场共同构成了控制岩浆运移的外部边界条件。对于同一性质的岩浆,围岩密度的变化能够改变其最终的运移路径和侵位形态,低密度的围岩往往只能提供相对较小的密度差(Δρ≤150 kg/m3),在此条件下偏基性的岩浆因驱动力不足以贯穿顶部围岩,更容易在中地壳滞留形成岩浆房;而高密度的围岩可为岩浆提供更强的驱动力(Δρ≥250 kg/m3),使其沿顶部的垂向张性破裂或是岩床边缘剪切断裂上升。在这个过程中,随着密度差的逐步增加,运移样式从停滞(图 5)依次过渡为顶部上升趋势(实验21、22)、张裂隙垂向上升和垂向岩墙(图 6),黏度极高时,即使密度差足够大,岩浆仍以边缘剪切上升为主(图 7),进一步体现了黏度在岩浆运移样式选择中的主导作用。
中地壳岩浆房的存在也会改变围岩应力场与浮力梯度分布,进而主导岩浆上升路径。深源岩浆的持续注入是扰动地壳岩浆房的关键因素,这种持续的岩浆输入导致岩浆房系统从稳态向非平衡态转变,中地壳岩浆房在持续接受深部岩浆注入之后内部压力骤增导致围岩应力场改变,岩浆房顶部围岩可能会因岩浆浮力增加而发生剪切断裂(图 8(a)~8(b))。受区域构造应力与岩浆房几何形态的控制,岩浆房边缘上方出现2个岩浆上升趋势通道,岩浆的运移表现出两侧不对称上升的状态,这一过程形成了类似于五大连池尾山[39, 42]及克柳切夫火山群[33]下方的岩浆管道系统。
一部分岩浆(和气体)优先通过一侧破裂/断层进行岩浆上升运移的动力学过程,裂缝/断层随之成为被岩浆填充的岩脉从而在其周边形成曲折的岩浆流动路径(图 8(c)~8(d))。在此过程中,岩浆房内岩浆持续运移喷发,导致岩浆房由超压逐渐转变为负压状态,上方地块发生下陷,进一步加剧了剪切断裂发育程度,后续注入的岩浆随之从另一侧断裂运移(图 8(e)~8(f))。
因此,先存的中地壳岩浆房不仅是岩浆的储集空间,更是控制局部应力场与引导后续岩浆运移的核心控制因素。其引发的环状断裂系统和双翼输运通道,是连接深部岩浆补给与浅表火山口分布的关键环节,这为解释诸如五大连池等火山区复杂的喷发中心分布提供了深部动力学依据。
需要指出的是,本文模拟建立的二维模型揭示了上述基本机制,但在刻画环状断裂系统和双翼输运通道的完整几何形态方面存在固有局限,对三维通道拓扑结构及区域构造应力时序变化的刻画尚有不足。本文模拟的双翼上升现象是在二维截面上对三维环状构造的近似表达,无法体现出实际的空间展布和演化过程。因此,未来需结合三维动态耦合模型,以进一步解析通道网络结构与构造应力协同控制的运移路径分异机制。
基于黏弹塑性-热力学数值模拟,通过二维数值模型显示了幔源岩浆上涌至中地壳后的动力学过程,系统地阐明了中地壳岩浆运移路径分异的物理机制,揭示了浮力驱动-黏度响应-围岩流变耦合作用下对运移路径形式的控制规律,主要结论如下:
1) 数值模型显示, 岩浆在中地壳的运移路径呈现出多样性:①岩浆沿着侵入体中部张性裂隙快速贯入形成垂向岩墙;②岩浆沿着侵入体边缘剪切带楔入形成倾斜岩席;③岩浆转为横向运输并均匀增厚形成板状侵入体或地壳岩浆房;④岩浆沿岩浆房两侧的环形断裂不对称上升形成环状岩脉。
2) 岩浆运移路径的分异主要受岩浆密度-黏度组合与围岩流变特性的耦合作用控制,而岩浆的上升与否则主要受控于岩浆与围岩的密度差。实验结果表明,岩浆与围岩之间的密度差Δρ是控制岩浆能否上升的关键,当密度差低于150 kg/m3时,岩浆倾向于在中地壳持续向两侧横向扩展并逐渐增厚;当密度差大于200 kg/m3时, 岩浆则倾向于沿薄弱区上升。值得注意的是,密度差介于150~200 kg/m3之间也能观察到明显的上升趋势,表明这一区间也接近或已达到上升所需的启动浮力阈值。
3) 在密度差提供了足够的上升驱动力的前提下,黏度则主导了运移的样式。较低的黏度使岩浆具备极强的瞬时响应能力,能够迅速涌入顶部的新生裂隙形成垂向岩墙,较高的黏度则导致岩浆受限于流动阻力,沿着岩床边缘剪切断裂斜向上升形成倾斜岩席。
4) 浅部岩浆房的存在对围岩应力场与浮力梯度分布产生影响,从而影响岩浆的运移路径。在这种影响下, 岩浆持续注入引发超压积累,导致岩浆房两侧对称发育剪切断裂,驱动岩浆沿环状断层侧向迁移,形成类似于破火山口典型的双翼通道。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0800704)
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2026年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2026.01.009
  • 接收时间:2026-01-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-08
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0800704)
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    1 深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 青岛, 266100
    2 青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 青岛, 266237
    3 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京, 100048

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李玺瑶, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事火成岩岩石学和岩浆动力学研究, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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