Article(id=1322570965117161962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322570898712937423, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.209, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750694400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793255090264, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793255090264, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793255090264, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793255090264, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322570898712937423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='522', pageEnd='661', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793255074432, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793255074432, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=628, endPage=636, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322570967193342443, articleId=1322570965117161962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Landslide Deformation Monitoring and Prediction by Integrating Time Series InSAR and Transformer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Existing landslide research is mostly limited to single deformation data, ignoring the influence of multidimensional environmental characteristics factors on landslide deformation, such as temperature, dew point temperature, precipitation, and spatiotemporal correlation. To address this issue, we propose a multivariate Transformer prediction model based on time series InSAR technology. The model integrates multidimensional environmental features and spatiotemporal correlation data, and uses wavelet transform to decompose deformation sequences into periodic and trend components. Different Transformer structures are constructed to predict each component. The results show that the prediction accuracy of this model is significantly better than that of traditional methods, with RMSE of 0.72 mm and R2 of 0.96. This research provides a new approach for landslide deformation prediction and is of great significance for improving early warning capabilities.

, authors=Tengjun ZHANG1, Honglei YANG2, *, Youfeng LIU2, authorsList=Tengjun ZHANG, Honglei YANG, Youfeng LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Honglei YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322570975992992256, articleId=1322570965117161962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=联合时序InSAR与Transformer的滑坡形变监测及预测研究, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

现有的滑坡研究多局限于单一形变数据, 忽略了温度、露点温度、降水量和时空相关性等多维环境特征因素对滑坡形变的影响。针对上述问题, 本文提出一种基于时序InSAR的多变量Transformer预测模型。该模型融合多维环境特征与时空相关性数据, 采用小波变换方法将时序形变数据分解为周期项和趋势项, 并构建不同结构的Transformer模型进行预测。结果表明, 该模型预测精度显著优于传统方法, 其RMSE和R2分别达到0.72 mm和0.96。本研究可为滑坡形变预测提供新的思路和方法, 对提升滑坡灾害预警能力具有重要意义。

, authors=张腾军1, 杨红磊2, *, 刘友奉2, authorsList=张腾军, 杨红磊, 刘友奉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨红磊, authorNote=

张腾军, 硕士生, 主要研究方向为InSAR数据处理, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨红磊, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为SAR与InSAR数据处理, E-mail:
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language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Correlation between characteristic points and meteorological and hydrological impact factors

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特征点 温度 露点温度 降水量 土壤湿度
P1 0.33*** 0.34*** 0.23*** -0.04*
P2 0.36*** 0.37*** 0.30*** -0.05*
P3 0.22*** 0.22*** 0.14** -0.02*
P4 0.55*** 0.54*** 0.34*** -0.05*
P5 -0.03* -0.02* -0.03* -0.10**
P6 -0.40*** -0.39*** -0.20*** 0.02*
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特征点与气象水文影响因子的相关性

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特征点 温度 露点温度 降水量 土壤湿度
P1 0.33*** 0.34*** 0.23*** -0.04*
P2 0.36*** 0.37*** 0.30*** -0.05*
P3 0.22*** 0.22*** 0.14** -0.02*
P4 0.55*** 0.54*** 0.34*** -0.05*
P5 -0.03* -0.02* -0.03* -0.10**
P6 -0.40*** -0.39*** -0.20*** 0.02*
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Evaluation indexes of each characteristic points using different models

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特征点 评估指标 BP SVR LSTM 多变量GRU 单变量Transformer 多变量Transformer
P1 RMSE/mm 0.82 1.00 0.64 0.74 0.49 0.55
R2 0.95 0.93 0.96 0.95 0.98 0.97
P2 RMSE/mm 1.26 1.40 1.62 1.34 4.42 1.53
R2 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.82 0.97
P3 RMSE/mm 0.58 0.72 0.41 0.38 0.47 0.44
R2 0.94 0.90 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96
P4 RMSE/mm 2.02 3.21 1.46 1.70 2.91 1.10
R2 0.90 0.75 0.94 0.93 0.79 0.96
P5 RMSE/mm 0.76 2.16 3.04 4.17 9.37 1.94
R2 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.79 0.99
P6 RMSE/mm 0.81 0.98 0.60 0.58 0.61 0.60
R2 0.94 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96
), ArticleFig(id=1322570986034156087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570965117161962, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各特征点不同模型的评估指标

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特征点 评估指标 BP SVR LSTM 多变量GRU 单变量Transformer 多变量Transformer
P1 RMSE/mm 0.82 1.00 0.64 0.74 0.49 0.55
R2 0.95 0.93 0.96 0.95 0.98 0.97
P2 RMSE/mm 1.26 1.40 1.62 1.34 4.42 1.53
R2 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.82 0.97
P3 RMSE/mm 0.58 0.72 0.41 0.38 0.47 0.44
R2 0.94 0.90 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96
P4 RMSE/mm 2.02 3.21 1.46 1.70 2.91 1.10
R2 0.90 0.75 0.94 0.93 0.79 0.96
P5 RMSE/mm 0.76 2.16 3.04 4.17 9.37 1.94
R2 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.79 0.99
P6 RMSE/mm 0.81 0.98 0.60 0.58 0.61 0.60
R2 0.94 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96
), ArticleFig(id=1322570986105459256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570965117161962, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of evaluation indexes of different models

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模型 RMSE/mm R2 残差标准差/mm
单变量Transformer 0.83 0.94 1.26
多变量Transformer 0.72 0.96 0.92
BP 1.04 0.92 1.39
SVR 1.34 0.88 1.97
LSTM 0.90 0.94 1.80
多变量GRU 0.81 0.96 1.02
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不同模型的评估指标对比

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模型 RMSE/mm R2 残差标准差/mm
单变量Transformer 0.83 0.94 1.26
多变量Transformer 0.72 0.96 0.92
BP 1.04 0.92 1.39
SVR 1.34 0.88 1.97
LSTM 0.90 0.94 1.80
多变量GRU 0.81 0.96 1.02
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联合时序InSAR与Transformer的滑坡形变监测及预测研究
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张腾军 1 , 杨红磊 2, * , 刘友奉 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(5): 628-636
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (5) : 628 -636
联合时序InSAR与Transformer的滑坡形变监测及预测研究
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张腾军1 , 杨红磊2, * , 刘友奉2
作者信息
  • 1 上海市测绘院, 上海, 200063
  • 2 中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院, 北京, 100083
通讯作者:
杨红磊, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为SAR与InSAR数据处理, E-mail:
作者简介:

张腾军, 硕士生, 主要研究方向为InSAR数据处理, E-mail:

Landslide Deformation Monitoring and Prediction by Integrating Time Series InSAR and Transformer
Tengjun ZHANG1 , Honglei YANG2, * , Youfeng LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Shanghai Surveying and Mapping Institute, Shanghai 200063, China
  • 2 School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.209
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现有的滑坡研究多局限于单一形变数据, 忽略了温度、露点温度、降水量和时空相关性等多维环境特征因素对滑坡形变的影响。针对上述问题, 本文提出一种基于时序InSAR的多变量Transformer预测模型。该模型融合多维环境特征与时空相关性数据, 采用小波变换方法将时序形变数据分解为周期项和趋势项, 并构建不同结构的Transformer模型进行预测。结果表明, 该模型预测精度显著优于传统方法, 其RMSE和R2分别达到0.72 mm和0.96。本研究可为滑坡形变预测提供新的思路和方法, 对提升滑坡灾害预警能力具有重要意义。

SBAS-InSAR  /  深度学习  /  Transformer网络  /  滑坡预测  /  多维环境特征

Existing landslide research is mostly limited to single deformation data, ignoring the influence of multidimensional environmental characteristics factors on landslide deformation, such as temperature, dew point temperature, precipitation, and spatiotemporal correlation. To address this issue, we propose a multivariate Transformer prediction model based on time series InSAR technology. The model integrates multidimensional environmental features and spatiotemporal correlation data, and uses wavelet transform to decompose deformation sequences into periodic and trend components. Different Transformer structures are constructed to predict each component. The results show that the prediction accuracy of this model is significantly better than that of traditional methods, with RMSE of 0.72 mm and R2 of 0.96. This research provides a new approach for landslide deformation prediction and is of great significance for improving early warning capabilities.

SBAS-InSAR  /  deep learning  /  Transformer network  /  landslide prediction  /  multidimensional environmental features
张腾军, 杨红磊, 刘友奉. 联合时序InSAR与Transformer的滑坡形变监测及预测研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (5) : 628 -636 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.209
Tengjun ZHANG, Honglei YANG, Youfeng LIU. Landslide Deformation Monitoring and Prediction by Integrating Time Series InSAR and Transformer[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (5) : 628 -636 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.209
近年来,随着微波遥感技术的快速发展,InSAR技术在地表形变监测领域展现出巨大潜力与优势[1]。时序InSAR技术的监测精度可达mm级,与水准测量相当,但其监测点密度和覆盖范围远超传统水准测量[2]。目前滑坡监测技术手段主要有全站仪、激光雷达、GNSS和InSAR。其中,全站仪、GNSS和激光雷达技术存在工作难度大、计算效率低、监测范围有限等缺点,不适用于长期和大范围形变监测。相比之下,InSAR技术凭借其观测精度高、覆盖范围大以及全天时全天候观测的能力,可实现亚cm级精度的地表形变监测[3]。
滑坡形变预测研究主要分为两类:模型驱动型和数据驱动型[4]。模型驱动型是基于专家经验或力学机理,通过函数化表达滑坡演化规律,以此预测滑坡形变。数据驱动型是以数据为核心,基于数理统计和机器学习,利用历史滑坡数据与地质环境变量等的关联性建立预测模型,从而推断未知时空的滑坡风险。常用的模型包括信息量法、回归分析法和LSTM等。
由于滑坡形变受多种因素的综合影响,其形变时间序列表现出显著的非线性和不确定性特征,使得传统单一时序预测方法难以准确描述其动态演化规律。因此,本研究基于时序InSAR技术获取的高精度形变监测数据,结合气象水文要素和空间关联特征,构建一种基于Transformer架构的多源数据融合预测模型,以提升滑坡形变预测的精度和可靠性。
研究区位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州理塘县,地处青藏高原东南缘。该区域广泛发育多年冻土,永久冻土占比62%,季节冻土占比38%。研究区地处高寒高海拔区,高程在3 712~5 658 m之间,地质环境复杂,滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等地质灾害频发。年平均气温为3.0 ℃,降水呈现明显的季节性特征,主要集中在6—9月,年平均降雨量为1 127 mm。
Sentinel-1A/B卫星分别于2014年和2016年升空,单颗卫星重访周期为12 d,双星联合则缩短至6 d。本研究采用的169景Sentinel-1A降轨SAR影像数据时间跨度为2015-02—2022-11。
本研究将气象水文数据作为滑坡形变预测的关键影响因子之一[5]。基于SAR影像监测数据的时间范围获取相应时间序列的ERA5日平均再分析产品,数据空间分辨率为0.1°×0.1°,包含研究区地表 2 m日平均气温、地表 2 m日平均露点温度、日累积降水量和土壤湿度。
研究表明,该区域气象水文数据呈现显著的年际周期性变化特征。露点温度与气温接近,表现出年周期振荡,每年12月至次年2月平均气温持续低于-10 ℃,6—8月气温升至4~6 ℃。降水量则表现出季节性变化,雨季(6—9月)降水量较大,最大达22 mm。土壤湿度呈现年周期性变化,每年11月至次年2月出现峰值,其余月份则保持相对稳定。图 1为4种气象水文数据的时间序列图。
SBAS-InSAR技术的核心思想是通过设定一定阈值的时间和空间基线,构建短基线干涉对组合,有效限制时空基线和大气延迟的影响[6]。对所有干涉对进行差分干涉处理,去除地形高程相位和平地相位。采用Goldstein滤波方法对干涉图进行滤波,降低噪声对干涉图的影响。使用最小费用流(MCF)方法进行相位解缠,对解缠后的相位进行优化和重去平。通过奇异值分解(SVD)方法得到初步的形变信息,再通过相位优化和重去平以及去除大气相位得到精确的形变信息。最后,通过地理编码得到地理坐标系下的形变信息。
研究区冻土层表层受到温度变化影响,呈现冻胀热融的周期性变化特性,导致显著的非线性形变。为此,在SBAS-InSAR中引入周期函数模型,以更准确地描述冻土区的形变过程。假设第i幅干涉图中高相干点坐标为(x, r),解缠后的相位φi(x, r)中包含形变相位、大气延迟相位、噪声相位和DEM误差相位(式(1))。冻土形变相位中包含高频形变dH和低频周期形变dL[7]。
$\begin{gathered}\varphi_i(x, r)=\frac{4 \mathsf{π}}{\lambda} d_{\mathrm{L}}(t, x, r)+\frac{4 \mathsf{π}}{\lambda} d_{\mathrm{H}}+\varphi_{i, \text { atm }}+ \\\varphi_{i, \text { nosie }}+\varphi_{i, \text { restopo }}\end{gathered}$
利用线性形变模型表示冻土的长期形变趋势,采用周期函数模型描述冻土的低频周期性形变dL。
$\begin{aligned}d_{\mathrm{L}}(t, x, r)= & a_1(x, r) t+a_2(x, r) \sin \left(\frac{2 \mathsf{π}}{T} t\right)+ \\& a_3(x, r) \cos \left(\frac{2 \mathsf{π}}{T} t\right)\end{aligned}$
式中,a1、a2、a3为系数项;t为两景影像的时间间隔;T为形变周期,为365 d; 等式右侧第1项为线性形变,第2项和第3项为非线性形变。
Transformer是一种基于自注意力机制的深度学习网络模型,由N个解码器和N个编码器组成,每个编码器和解码器都包含多头自注意力层、残差连接、归一化层和前馈网络层[8]。与传统RNN和CNN相比,Transformer采用自注意力机制来建立输入序列与输出序列之间的关系,可有效解决RNN的长程依赖问题。
滑坡形变受到空间相关性影响,故将空间相关时序数据作为滑坡预测的影响因子。空间相关时序数据的建立如图 2所示。HTCI算法利用时间幅度信息来比较中心像元与窗口内邻近点的相似度[9-10],并基于统计学中假设检验的思想选择同质点。
利用肯德尔相关系数筛选出高相关点,相关性阈值为0.6,即大于等于0.6的点作为高相关点。最后采用反距离加权(IDW)设置权重,构建出考虑空间相关性的时序数据。
图 3为研究区基于InSAR技术的形变速率图。可以看出,研究区整体形变较为稳定,形变速率大多为-10~10 mm/a,小形变区较多。LOS向形变速率范围为-186~102 mm/a。残差相位标准差均值为1.0 mm,且符合正态分布。通过内符合精度验证可知,监测结果具有较高的可靠性。为直观反映滑坡形变状态,选取滑坡内部及附近的6个特征点(图 3)用于后续滑坡形变预测。
图 4(a)中左图为滑坡A形变速率分布,右图为2019-08谷歌光学影像。从光学影像可以看出,该滑坡地貌特征显著,坡体上存在明显的老滑坡痕迹。形变主要集中在滑坡后缘和中段区域,形变速率从中部形变中心向四周逐渐递减,最大形变速率位于滑坡中部,达到-85 mm/a。
图 4(b)中2019-08光学影像显示,滑坡B地貌特征明显,滑坡底部与滑坡体连接处存在显著凹陷,坡体表面可见清晰的老滑坡痕迹。2015—2022年该滑坡整体呈现持续下滑趋势,形变速率范围为-186~25 mm/a,主要形变区集中在滑坡后缘和中段区域。值得注意的是,滑坡底部因物质堆积作用,在LOS方向上表现为抬升趋势。
图 5为气象水文数据与特征点时间序列。可以看出,各特征点形变特征在空间上存在明显差异:P1、P3和P6点累积形变量较小,在-10~20 mm之间,且呈现周期性变化;P4点累积形变量为-143 mm,周期性特征明显;P2、P5点累积形变量较大,分别为-236 mm和-467 mm,呈现稳定增长趋势,周期性特征不明显。
表 1为6个特征点与气象水文因子的皮尔逊相关系数。结果显示,特征点P1、P2和P4的形变量与温度、露点温度及降水量均呈中高度正相关,相关系数在0.23~0.55之间,而与土壤湿度相关性较低。特征点P3与温度、露点温度及降水量呈显著正相关,相关性弱于特征点P1、P2和P4。特征点P6与温度、露点温度及降水量呈显著负相关,相关系数在-0.40~-0.20之间。特征点P5与各因子的相关系数均接近于0。
选取的气象水文影响因子具有周期性特点,呈现年际周期变化。而时序InSAR数据通常呈现出复杂特征,包括趋势、周期性和不规则波动。现阶段不规则波动形变由于随机因素很难被监测,本文将原始时序形变分解为趋势项和周期项,表达式为:
$S(L)=Q(L)+Z(L)$
式中,S(L)为原始时序形变;Q(L)为趋势项形变;Z(L)为周期项形变。
采用小波变换对时序形变数据和空间相关性数据进行时序分解,将Daubechies函数作为小波基函数,小波分解层数为6层,趋势项为低频信号A6,即所有高频信号之和。
1) 数据等距化。本研究共包含169期时序数据,其中,间隔为12 d的数据144期,占比86%,采用线性插值方法将其他时间间隔统一为12 d,最终得到212期等距时序数据。
2) 数据平滑。针对InSAR监测中系统误差、随机噪声和粗差的影响,采用简单移动平均(simple moving average, SMA)算法对原始时序形变数据进行平滑处理,以消除误差,从而更准确地反映滑坡运动特征。
3) 归一化。对滑坡时序数据进行归一化处理,使不同量级形变数据和影响因子映射到统一的尺度,从而提高模型性能。
单变量Transformer预测模型的输入为InSAR监测结果的时序形变量,不考虑气象水文和空间相关时序数据。数据集按照8 ∶ 2比例划分为训练集和测试集。
通过多次实验,模型超参数设置如下:编码器层数为2;解码器层数为0;batch_size为10;epochs为200;为防止过拟合,dropout设置为0.1;lr为0.000 05;优化器采用AdamW;学习率调度采用分段常数衰减法,每训练50轮后,学习率衰减为当前值的0.9倍。
多变量Transformer预测模型包含2个部分:1)周期项预测模型,输入层包括温度、露点温度、降水量、土壤湿度、时序形变量周期项以及空间相关性周期项;2)趋势项预测模型,输入层包括时序形变量趋势项和空间趋势项。周期项和趋势项预测结果即为多变量Transformer预测结果。图 6为多变量Transformer预测模型网络结构示意图。
周期项预测模型的超参数设置为:编码器层数为2;解码器层数为0;epochs为200;lr为0.000 05;优化器采用AdamW。趋势项预测模型的超参数设置为:编码器层数为1;解码器层数为0;epochs为400;lr为0.000 08;其余参数与周期项预测模型一致。
图 7中蓝色曲线为InSAR监测的真实形变数据,橙色曲线为多变量Transformer模型预测结果。通过均方根误差(RMSE)和决定系数(R2)对模型性能进行评估,结果显示,6个特征点的RMSE均小于2 mm,其中P1、P3和P6的RMSE均低于1 mm;所有特征点的R2值均高于0.96。实验结果表明,该模型能够较好地捕捉6个特征点的形变趋势,预测结果与真实值具有较高的吻合度,验证了多变量Transformer模型在滑坡形变预测中的可靠性与准确性。
为进一步验证多变量Transformer模型的预测精度,对研究区内34万多个监测点进行形变预测,取其评价指标的平均值评估模型预测效果。图 8为2022-11-06最后一期预测结果对比情况, 其中图 8(a)为InSAR监测的实际形变量,图 8(b)为多变量Transformer模型预测结果。结果显示,多变量Transformer模型预测结果与实际值高度吻合。图 8(c)为预测残差分布,预测点残差在-2~2 mm之间的占比为96.56%,在-1~1 mm之间的占比为75.68%。图 8(d)为残差统计直方图,可以看出,残差整体符合正态分布,残差标准差(STD)为0.92 mm,残差平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.69 mm。
为验证多变量Transformer模型的高效性和准确性,将其与LSTM、BP、SVR、多变量GRU和单变量Transformer模型预测结果进行对比。
表 2为各特征点6种不同模型的评估指标结果。可以看出,多变量Transformer模型预测精度优于其他模型。对于具有明显周期性特征的P1、P3、P4和P6点,Transformer模型表现出较好的预测效果;而对于具有显著趋势项的P2和P5点,BP和SVR模型的预测效果更优。总体来看,多变量Transformer模型在滑坡形变预测中表现出更优的预测稳定性和更高的精度。
表 3为6种不同模型的评估指标结果。可以看出,多变量Transformer模型在RMSE和R2指标上表现最优,其RMSE为0.72 mm,R2为0.96,显著优于其他模型。在预测点残差方面,多变量Transformer模型展现出最优性能,其残差标准差仅为0.92 mm。相比之下,BP、SVR、LSTM、多变量GRU和单变量Transformer模型的残差标准差分别为1.39 mm、1.97 mm、1.80 mm、1.02 mm和1.26 mm。
结果表明,多变量Transformer模型在预测精度上具有明显优势。此外,多变量GRU模型的预测精度也优于单变量Transformer模型,进一步验证了多变量特征提取在形变预测中的有效性。此外, 单变量Transformer模型的预测精度优于BP、SVR和LSTM等传统模型。
本文基于SBAS-InSAR技术,构建了一种融合多因子的Transformer滑坡形变预测模型,并应用于理塘县高海拔高寒地区,得到以下结论:
1) 形变信息显示,该区域形变速率为-186~102 mm/a,整体较为稳定,存在2处明显滑坡,最大形变速率分别为-85 mm/a和-186 mm/a。分析结果表明,滑坡形变与温度、露点温度和降水量有关。
2) 构建一种融合温度、露点温度、降水量、土壤湿度及空间相关性数据的多变量Transformer滑坡预测模型,通过小波变换将形变序列分解为周期项与趋势项,分别用不同超参数的Transformer模型进行预测后累加。该模型在6个特征点上的RMSE均低于2 mm,R2超过0.96;34万多个数据点的平均RMSE为0.72 mm,R2为0.96,表现优于BP、SVR、LSTM、多变量GRU及单变量Transformer模型。
本研究虽然在滑坡形变预测方面取得了一些进展,但仍存在以下局限:研究区较小,仅采用1组ERA5气象格网数据;未开展消融实验以评估各影响因子对预测精度的影响。后续可通过扩展研究区或对ERA5数据进行空间插值,以提升模型泛化能力; 可融合多源气象、地质及人类活动参数来提升预测精度。
  • 上海市2022年度"科技创新行动计划"高新技术领域项目(22511102800)
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2026年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.209
  • 接收时间:2025-06-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-24
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上海市2022年度"科技创新行动计划"高新技术领域项目(22511102800)
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    1 上海市测绘院, 上海, 200063
    2 中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院, 北京, 100083

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杨红磊, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为SAR与InSAR数据处理, E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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