Article(id=1322570899497275600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322570898712937423, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.07.229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751385600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793255074618, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793255074618, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793255074618, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793255074618, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322570898712937423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='522', pageEnd='661', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793255074432, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793255074432, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=655, endPage=661, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322570899669242065, articleId=1322570899497275600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Vertical Upward Continuation Compensation Technology for UAV Aeromagnetic Data, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the interpretation accuracy of aeromagnetic data at different altitudes, this study addresses issues in upward continuation such as the loss of weak signals, excessive suppression of shallow anomalies, and error accumulation from multi-source superposition effects. An integrated compensation method combining height attenuation and local anomaly factors is proposed. Results from theoretical simulations indicate that the error between compensated data and forward-model data is significantly reduced, with the improvement ratio reaching 217.02% at an upward continuation of 5 m (equal to one model height) and still achieving 54.36% at 25 m (five times the model height). For field data, when upward continuing by 10 m from 130 m altitude, the RMSE decreases from 2.955 2 nT to 0.993 2 nT, an improvement of 66.39%. Even at 120 m continuation, the error is further reduced by 2.64%, demonstrating clear enhancement in accuracy. While preserving the structural characteristics of the original data, the compensation method significantly enhances the clarity and spatial resolution of anomaly responses. This provides theoretical support and technical means for refined processing and quantitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data, with promising potential for practical applications.

, authors=Tao DUAN1, Xinyu XIE1, Diwen LIANG1, Qiangqing XIONG1, *, Xu ZHANG1, Mengmeng GUO1, Zhicheng YANG1, authorsList=Tao DUAN, Xinyu XIE, Diwen LIANG, Qiangqing XIONG, Xu ZHANG, Mengmeng GUO, Zhicheng YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiangqing XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322570901267271902, articleId=1322570899497275600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=无人机航磁数据垂直空间延拓补偿技术研究, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高航空磁测数据在不同高度的解释精度, 针对延拓中存在的弱信号丢失、浅部异常压制过度及多源叠加效应误差累积等问题, 提出集成高度衰减与局部异常因子的补偿方法。结果表明, 该方法在理论数值模拟中补偿数据与模型正演数据之间的误差显著减小, 在延拓高度为模拟高度1倍的情况下(延拓5 m), 补偿改善比可达217.02%;在延拓高度为模拟高度5倍的情况下(延拓25 m), 补偿误差的改善比仍达到54.36%。实际数据中, 130 m高度下延拓10 m时, RMSE从2.955 2 nT降至0.993 2 nT, 改善66.39%;延拓120 m仍可实现误差降低2.64%, 对延拓误差起到明显的改善作用。补偿方法在保持原始数据结构特征的基础上, 显著增强了异常响应的清晰度与空间分辨力。本文结果为航空磁测数据的精细化处理与定量解释提供了理论支持与技术支撑, 具有一定的推广应用价值。

, authors=段涛1, 谢新宇1, 梁迪文1, 熊强青1, *, 张旭1, 郭猛猛1, 杨志成1, authorsList=段涛, 谢新宇, 梁迪文, 熊强青, 张旭, 郭猛猛, 杨志成, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=熊强青, authorNote=

段涛, 工程师, 主要从事地球物理勘查与无人机航空物探研究, E-mail:

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熊强青, 正高级工程师, 主要从事地球物理勘查、非常规油气勘探、金属矿地震勘探研究, E-mail:
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Statistics of model parameters

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模型编号 埋深/m 长宽高/m 单元数量/个 单元长宽高/m 磁倾角/(°) 磁偏角/(°) 磁化率SI
模型Ⅰ -8~-28 20×20×20 1 000 2×2×2 46 -6 10
模型Ⅱ 0~-4 6×6×4 18 2×2×2 46 -6 50
), ArticleFig(id=1322570909077066012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570899497275600, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号 埋深/m 长宽高/m 单元数量/个 单元长宽高/m 磁倾角/(°) 磁偏角/(°) 磁化率SI
模型Ⅰ -8~-28 20×20×20 1 000 2×2×2 46 -6 10
模型Ⅱ 0~-4 6×6×4 18 2×2×2 46 -6 50
), ArticleFig(id=1322570909156757789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570899497275600, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

RMSE calculation results of forward modeling data, continuation data, and continuation-compensated data

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延拓高度(基础高度5 m)/m 演算高度/m 补偿前RMSE/m 补偿后RMSE/m 改善比/%
5 10 2.762 2 0.871 3 217.02
10 15 5.178 4 1.797 1 188.15
15 20 7.225 9 3.633 1 98.89
20 25 8.960 6 5.304 2 68.93
25 30 10.404 3 6.740 2 54.36
), ArticleFig(id=1322570909261615390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570899497275600, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正演数据与延拓数据、延拓补偿数据RMSE计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
延拓高度(基础高度5 m)/m 演算高度/m 补偿前RMSE/m 补偿后RMSE/m 改善比/%
5 10 2.762 2 0.871 3 217.02
10 15 5.178 4 1.797 1 188.15
15 20 7.225 9 3.633 1 98.89
20 25 8.960 6 5.304 2 68.93
25 30 10.404 3 6.740 2 54.36
), ArticleFig(id=1322570909366472991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570899497275600, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Statistical results of improvement ratios between continuation data and continuation-compensated data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
延拓高度/m 实测高度/m 补偿前RMSE/m 补偿后RMSE/m 改善比/%
10 140 2.955 2 0.993 2 66.39
20 150 3.957 7 3.362 6 15.04
30 160 5.211 4 3.503 5 13.58
40 170 5.933 5 5.222 4 11.98
60 190 7.787 6 7.295 6 6.32
90 220 8.776 0 8.422 4 4.03
120 250 10.246 7 9.976 5 2.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322570909462941984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570899497275600, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

延拓数据与补偿数据改善比统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
延拓高度/m 实测高度/m 补偿前RMSE/m 补偿后RMSE/m 改善比/%
10 140 2.955 2 0.993 2 66.39
20 150 3.957 7 3.362 6 15.04
30 160 5.211 4 3.503 5 13.58
40 170 5.933 5 5.222 4 11.98
60 190 7.787 6 7.295 6 6.32
90 220 8.776 0 8.422 4 4.03
120 250 10.246 7 9.976 5 2.64
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无人机航磁数据垂直空间延拓补偿技术研究
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段涛 1 , 谢新宇 1 , 梁迪文 1 , 熊强青 1, * , 张旭 1 , 郭猛猛 1 , 杨志成 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(5): 655-661
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (5) : 655 -661
无人机航磁数据垂直空间延拓补偿技术研究
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段涛1 , 谢新宇1, 梁迪文1, 熊强青1, * , 张旭1, 郭猛猛1, 杨志成1
作者信息
  • 1 安徽省勘查技术院(安徽省地质矿产勘查局能源勘查中心), 合肥, 230031
通讯作者:
熊强青, 正高级工程师, 主要从事地球物理勘查、非常规油气勘探、金属矿地震勘探研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

段涛, 工程师, 主要从事地球物理勘查与无人机航空物探研究, E-mail:

Vertical Upward Continuation Compensation Technology for UAV Aeromagnetic Data
Tao DUAN1 , Xinyu XIE1, Diwen LIANG1, Qiangqing XIONG1, * , Xu ZHANG1, Mengmeng GUO1, Zhicheng YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Geological Exploration Technology Institute of Anhui Province (Energy Exploration Center of Anhui Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration), Hefei 230031, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.07.229
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为提高航空磁测数据在不同高度的解释精度, 针对延拓中存在的弱信号丢失、浅部异常压制过度及多源叠加效应误差累积等问题, 提出集成高度衰减与局部异常因子的补偿方法。结果表明, 该方法在理论数值模拟中补偿数据与模型正演数据之间的误差显著减小, 在延拓高度为模拟高度1倍的情况下(延拓5 m), 补偿改善比可达217.02%;在延拓高度为模拟高度5倍的情况下(延拓25 m), 补偿误差的改善比仍达到54.36%。实际数据中, 130 m高度下延拓10 m时, RMSE从2.955 2 nT降至0.993 2 nT, 改善66.39%;延拓120 m仍可实现误差降低2.64%, 对延拓误差起到明显的改善作用。补偿方法在保持原始数据结构特征的基础上, 显著增强了异常响应的清晰度与空间分辨力。本文结果为航空磁测数据的精细化处理与定量解释提供了理论支持与技术支撑, 具有一定的推广应用价值。

无人机  /  航空磁测  /  向上延拓  /  数据补偿  /  垂向空间

To improve the interpretation accuracy of aeromagnetic data at different altitudes, this study addresses issues in upward continuation such as the loss of weak signals, excessive suppression of shallow anomalies, and error accumulation from multi-source superposition effects. An integrated compensation method combining height attenuation and local anomaly factors is proposed. Results from theoretical simulations indicate that the error between compensated data and forward-model data is significantly reduced, with the improvement ratio reaching 217.02% at an upward continuation of 5 m (equal to one model height) and still achieving 54.36% at 25 m (five times the model height). For field data, when upward continuing by 10 m from 130 m altitude, the RMSE decreases from 2.955 2 nT to 0.993 2 nT, an improvement of 66.39%. Even at 120 m continuation, the error is further reduced by 2.64%, demonstrating clear enhancement in accuracy. While preserving the structural characteristics of the original data, the compensation method significantly enhances the clarity and spatial resolution of anomaly responses. This provides theoretical support and technical means for refined processing and quantitative interpretation of aeromagnetic data, with promising potential for practical applications.

UAV  /  aeromagnetic survey  /  upward continuation  /  data compensation  /  vertical space
段涛, 谢新宇, 梁迪文, 熊强青, 张旭, 郭猛猛, 杨志成. 无人机航磁数据垂直空间延拓补偿技术研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (5) : 655 -661 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.07.229
Tao DUAN, Xinyu XIE, Diwen LIANG, Qiangqing XIONG, Xu ZHANG, Mengmeng GUO, Zhicheng YANG. Vertical Upward Continuation Compensation Technology for UAV Aeromagnetic Data[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (5) : 655 -661 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.07.229
随着无人机技术的迅速发展,无人机航磁的研发与应用受到广泛关注。与传统航磁相比,无人机航磁具有灵活性高、成本低、操作便捷、定位精度高等优点[1-5],通过搭载高精度磁力仪,不仅能够在较低飞行高度下获取高质量的磁场数据,还能满足不同高度下高精度磁场变化的连续采集要求[6-8]。
磁场延拓是航磁数据处理的关键步骤,直接影响后续数据解释的精度。为突出浅部与深部磁性体在表达特征上的差异性,有学者对航磁数据与延拓数据开展了相关研究,主要针对理论模型的建立和数值方法的改进,提出了如高斯衰减模型、等效源法、边界单元法(BEM)、有限元法(FEM)等方法[9-10],以期更好地反映地下磁性体多尺度、非均质衰减特性[11]。部分研究还通过引入小波变换和多尺度分析技术,尝试恢复高频局部异常信息,提高延拓结果的细节表达能力[12-18]。随着无人机航磁技术的不断成熟,多层高度实测工作成为可能,延拓方法的有效性与准确度受到关注。通过对实测数据进行对比分析发现,向上延拓在有效压制浅层干扰和浅部异常的同时,也不可避免地对深部磁异常信号造成一定的衰减,尤其是对幅值较小的弱异常和深部微弱信号,同样存在削弱甚至淹没的可能,在某些场合并不能完全满足保留深部有用信息、消除浅部干扰的预期。目前,延拓技术研究多停留在理论层面,针对延拓误差的补偿技术研究仍较为薄弱。
针对上述问题,本文提出一种结合误差场建模与多尺度计算的补偿方法。通过数值模型测试验证该方法的有效性,并将该方法应用于无人机航磁实际数据中,可有效降低延拓数据存在的误差,实现对延拓方法在实际应用中向实测值逼近。该方法可适用于多种实际需求,如浅埋多层磁性体的反演约束、未爆弹(UXO)探测与排查、磁场三维反演的约束等场景。在三维反演中,向上延拓后的补偿数据可作为约束条件,帮助反演数据更准确地表达地下磁性体的真实形态,提高反演模型的准确性和可靠性。
无人机航磁数据向上延拓,首先将采集的原始数据进行预处理(包括补偿、各项改正、调平等);然后对数据进行二维傅里叶变换,将数据从时间域转换到频率域,得到空间频谱;再对频谱中的各个波数分量乘以相应的延拓因子;最后将每个对应的频谱数据进行傅里叶反变换,将数据从频率域转换到时间域中,从而获得相应的延拓高度的延拓数据[19-20]。
本文提出的向上延拓补偿方法,采用同位置、同层位的实际测量数据与延拓数据,结合高度等参数,构建误差场;再利用不同延拓目标高度,构建综合补偿量,继而修正其他延拓高度引入的误差。本文方法可以弥补在延拓过程中出现的偏离实际情况的问题,特别是对因延拓造成的局部异常压制过强和滤除等问题。
1) 构建误差场和基础补偿量。首先采用实际飞行采集的A层和B层数据(2层高度差为d),将A层数据向上延拓距离d后得到与B层同高度的B′层数据,利用B层和B′层数据逐点比对,计算误差场。
$E(x, y)=T_{\text {real }}(x, y)-T_{\text {pseudo }}(x, y)$
式中,E(x, y)为误差场;Treal(x, y)为B层高度下的实测值;Tpseudo(x, y)为B′层高度下A层的延拓值。
然后对误差场E(x, y)通过线性差值,获得用于空间描述的插值函数F(x, y)。再通过插值函数F(x, y)计算所有延拓点的基础补偿量:
$C_b(x, y)=F(x, y)$
2) 局部磁场均值与局部异常因子计算。考虑到地下磁性体的空间分布相对复杂等特点,引入局部磁场均值M(x, y)作为磁场局部的关联指标。对任意点坐标(x, y),其局部均值定义为该点周围半径r内所有点的磁场值平均值。
$M(x, y)=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^N T_i(x, y) \cdot W\left(d_i\right)}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^N W\left(d_i\right)}$
式中,N为邻域内的采样点数;Ti(x, y)为第i个采样点的磁场值;di为点(x, y)到点i的距离。权重函数W(di)取为距离的倒数:
$W\left(d_i\right)=\frac{1}{d_i+\varepsilon}$
式中,ε为一个避免分母为0的极小常数。
设置局部异常因子Ca(x, y)用于衡量当前点磁场值与局部均值的偏离程度,定义为:
$C_a(x, y)=\frac{|T(x, y)-M(x, y)|}{|T(x, y)|+\varepsilon}$
3) 延拓高度补偿因子构建。根据磁场随高度增加呈1/r3衰减的理论模型,定义延拓高度补偿因子Ch:
$C_h=\left(\frac{H_{\mathrm{ref}}+\Delta H}{H_{\mathrm{ref}}}\right)^n$
式中,Href为基础参考高度(A层高度);ΔH为延拓高度(如d);n为衰减指数,按照磁场衰减规律一般取值为3。
4) 局部异常补偿因子构建。考虑到局部磁异常对整体补偿的影响,也是刻画局部异常区域补偿细节的重要参数, 引入局部异常补偿因子CL(x, y):
$C_L(x, y)=1+\beta \cdot C_a(x, y)$
式中,β为局部磁场异常补偿系数,用于调节局部异常对整体补偿的影响权重。
5) 综合补偿因子与补偿量计算。结合延拓高度补偿因子Ch和局部异常补偿因子CL(x, y),须考虑到两类因子分别来源于不同的衰减机制,且具有相对独立性。为同时体现两类效应的修正作用,避免数值过补或欠补的问题,实现对整体趋势的恢复与局部细节的保持,从而获得更接近实测磁场特征的补偿结果,定义综合补偿因子C(x, y) 为两者的乘积:
$C(x, y)=C_h \cdot C_L(x, y)$
最终的补偿量ΔT(x, y)的计算公式为:
$\Delta T(x, y)=C_b(x, y) \cdot C(x, y)$
因此,补偿后的磁场值Tc(x, y)为原始数据延拓后的磁场值与补偿量之和:
$T_c(x, y)=T_{\text {pseudo }}(x, y)+\Delta T(x, y)$
为量化不同高度下延拓数据及补偿结果与实测磁场数据的差异,本文引入均方根误差:
$\text { RMSE }=\sqrt{\frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{i=1}^N\left(P_i-T_i\right)^2}$
式中,Pi为延拓或补偿后的磁场数据值;Ti为对应高度下的实测数据值;N为数据总点数。RMSE越小,理论值与实测值的差异也就越小,说明延拓或延拓补偿精度越高。
为量化延拓补偿方案的提升效果,引入改善比(IR)作为辅助指标:
$\mathrm{IR}=\frac{\mathrm{RMSE}_{\text {ori }}-\mathrm{RMSE}_{\text {com }}}{\mathrm{RMSE}_{\text {ori }}} \times 100 \%$
式中,RMSEori为补偿前延拓数据与实测数据之间的均方根误差;RMSEcom为补偿后的延拓数据与实测数据之间的均方根误差。
为验证本文方法的可行性,首先进行模型正演数值测试分析。本次测试设置2个磁性体模型,每个模型由多个模型单元组成。模型参数设置见表 1,模型见图 1。
通过计算,共获取6层不同高度的模型正演数据,分别为5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m、25 m和30 m。对6个高度层的数据进行化极处理(化极参数采用磁倾角46°,磁偏角-6°),然后对高度为5 m化极之后的数据进行向上延拓5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m和25 m,获得延拓数据,并对延拓数据进行补偿计算。最后对正演数据、延拓数据和延拓补偿后的数据(后文统称延拓补偿数据)进行网格化,并进行同高度对比,结果见图 2,图中横纵坐标均表示平面距离,等值线数值为磁异常强度。可以发现,延拓数据与正演数据在数值和形态上基本一致,说明本文采用的延拓算法合理。延拓补偿数据与正演数据图形一致,数值上相比延拓数据更接近正演数据,说明该延拓补偿方法对延拓数据起到了一定的补偿作用。
为更加直观地对比正演数据、延拓数据和延拓补偿数据,选择其中的一条剖面数据进行对比,结果见图 3。
由图 3可以看出,模型正演数值(图中黄色线条数值模拟数据)与延拓数值(图中蓝色线条)之间存在一定的偏差。通过补偿后(图中红色线条),延拓数据明显向正演数据靠近,再次说明本文采用的补偿方法对降低延拓误差有着良好的效果。计算延拓数据与正演数据、延拓补偿数据与正演数据的RMSE,结果见表 2。
通过表 2发现,补偿前模型正演数据与延拓数据之间的RMSE随着正演计算高度的增加而逐渐增大。采用补偿算法后,延拓补偿数据与正演数据之间的RMSE显著减小,尤其在较低高度下,几乎可以忽略不计,补偿改善比最高可达217.02%。尽管补偿效果随高度的增加有所下降,但即使在30 m高度的情况下,补偿误差的改善比仍能达到54.36%。这表明本文补偿方法在一定高度范围内具有显著效果,理论上具备可行性。
江苏高淳地区地貌简单,地形相对平坦,为不同高度下的航磁数据采集提供了良好的飞行环境。该地区航磁异常丰富,浅部与深部磁性体对比明显。本次航磁测量工作使用垂直起降固定翼无人机,搭载UFO-CS铯光泵磁力仪和磁通门三分量磁力仪。飞行高度设置在海拔130~250 m之间,飞行航线间距为100 m,控制线间距为400 m,分别在130 m、140 m、150 m、160 m、170 m、190 m、220 m和250 m等8个高度下进行数据采集。
首先对本次数据进行校正、调平等处理,然后对数据进行化极延拓处理(延拓数据均是以130 m实测数据为基础延拓所得),最后将本文延拓补偿方法应用于实测数据中,生成补偿后的磁场图,并将其与实测数据进行对比,结果见图 4。
对H130数据向上延拓,并对延拓数据进行补偿处理,结合H150和H190实测数据来看,延拓数据存在边界平滑、小异常削弱、弱异常消失等现象(图 4中红色框区域)。延拓补偿技术的引入在磁异常特征保持、微弱异常恢复及异常幅值校正方面有着一定优势,使延拓数据更接近于同高度实测数据。因此,本文方法在航磁数据处理、磁场延拓分析及磁异常特征提取等方面具有较高的推广应用价值。
为更直观地分析延拓补偿在细节上的恢复能力,选择高度为150 m和190 m中同一条测线进行对比分析,结果见图 5和图 6。
由图 5和图 6可以看出,实测数据、延拓数据和延拓补偿数据3条测线趋势上表现基本一致。但相较于150 m,在190 m时3条曲线的重合度变差,其主要原因可能是受浅部和深部埋深的磁性体影响较大。
对比实测数据、延拓数据及延拓补偿数据在不同高度下的表现可以发现,本文补偿方法能在一定程度上纠正延拓带来的误差,特别是当延拓高度较低时,该补偿方法几乎可以完美解决延拓带来的误差,使延拓准确度大幅提高,对研究浅部或弱磁区的地质结构效果良好。
为定量评估延拓补偿的效果,计算不同高度延拓补偿前后数据与相应实测数据之间的RMSE,分析延拓补偿技术在不同高度下的改善比,从而更准确地评估该延拓补偿方法的可行性、准确性和其对异常区的整体恢复能力(表 3)。
从表 3可以看出,随着延拓高度的增加,补偿前后的RMSE均呈上升趋势,但经过补偿后RMSE有所降低,表明延拓补偿技术能够有效降低延拓误差,对提高数据的准确性有着良好的补偿作用。延拓补偿技术在较低高度范围(延拓高度≤30 m)内的补偿效果最为显著,延拓10 m高度(对应实测140 m)时,经补偿后RMSE由2.955 2 nT降至0.993 2 nT,改善比达到66.39%,这与补偿模型计算所用数据有着直接的关系。当延拓高度增加至20 m和30 m时,RMSE仍然有较大幅度的降低,改善比分别为15.04%和13.58%。由此可以看出,此延拓补偿对小高度延拓的误差修正能力较强。
随着延拓高度的进一步增加,RMSE也逐渐增大,补偿的改善比呈下降趋势。如在40 m延拓高度(对应实测170 m)时,补偿后RMSE数值由5.933 5 nT降至5.222 4 nT,改善比为11.98%,相比低高度的补偿效果略有下降。这主要是由于随着高度的增加,整体磁异常信号的幅值衰减加剧,延拓误差的影响更加明显,而补偿模型的校正能力相对有限。其内在原因是地下多源磁性体引起的信号叠加比较复杂,磁异常信号在更高高度下非线性衰减。此时的延拓误差主要由长波误差引起,补偿作用相对有限。
较低延拓高度(延拓高度≤30 m)时,由于磁异常的衰减主要为浅部磁性体造成的,对比数据之间的RMSE显著降低。由此也可以看出,本文延拓补偿方法对局部小规模磁信号衰减的补偿效果较好,对浅部磁性体造成的延拓误差修正效果突出。
延拓补偿方法在局部磁异常恢复、误差修正和数据优化方面表现出较强的可行性、可靠性和准确性。结合RMSE数据分析,延拓补偿方法有效验证了不同条件下的磁性体引起的磁异常在空间的衰减模式。
本文基于目前比较成熟的高分辨率无人机航磁测量技术,对同一区域开展了不同飞行高度下的数据采集。结合目前常用的延拓方法,提出一种基于延拓数据和实测数据之间误差场的延拓补偿方案,以提高无人机航磁向上延拓的精度。
1) 随着延拓高度的增加,延拓数据有逐渐偏离实际情况的趋势。
2) 提出基于误差场构建的延拓补偿算法,采用数值模拟方式验证方法的有效性,证明本文方法具有可行性。
3) 将延拓补偿技术应用于实测航磁数据中,能够有效修正延拓数据偏差,增强延拓数据的细节表达,提升延拓结果的真实性与可信度,实现磁场数据的有效补偿。该技术在实际生产中具有明显的适用性,特别是在浅埋深、多层磁性体的反演、未爆弹探测与排查及磁场三维反演约束等领域。
  • 安徽省自然资源科技项目(2023-K-19)
  • 安徽省科技攻坚计划项目(重点项目)(202423I10050030)
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2026年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.07.229
  • 接收时间:2025-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02
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安徽省自然资源科技项目(2023-K-19)
安徽省科技攻坚计划项目(重点项目)(202423I10050030)
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    1 安徽省勘查技术院(安徽省地质矿产勘查局能源勘查中心), 合肥, 230031

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熊强青, 正高级工程师, 主要从事地球物理勘查、非常规油气勘探、金属矿地震勘探研究, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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