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Article(id=1322567050153808720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322567020940481144, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.193, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254156863, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254156863, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254156863, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254156863, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322567020940481144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='392', pageEnd='521', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254149899, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254149899, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=418, endPage=423, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322567050334163793, articleId=1322567050153808720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Rapid Monitoring of Megathrust Earthquakes Using GRACE Line-of-Sight Gravity Difference, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We construct daily line-of-sight gravity difference (LGD) series at 5-second intervals using GRACE inter-satellite ranging data and extract LGD anomalies over earthquake regions. Using the 2004 Sumatra MW9.1 and 2011 Tohoku MW9.1 earthquakes as case studies, the results confirm that the LGD method can effectively detect coseismic gravity changes within several days after earthquake, and significantly improve temporal resolution. The observed LGD and theoretical LGD peaks show excellent agreement, with absolute differences no more than 0.8 nm/s2 (Sumatra earthquake) and 2.5 nm/s2 (Tohoku earthquake). This study demonstrates that LGD-based earthquake monitoring offers high speed and accuracy, providing a new technical approach for investigating large-scale mass migration processes caused by seismic events.

, authors=Haotian WU1, Jiangjun RAN1, *, Jun DING1, authorsList=Haotian WU, Jiangjun RAN, Jun DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiangjun RAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322567053433754462, articleId=1322567050153808720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于GRACE视线重力差的俯冲带大地震快速监测, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用GRACE星间测距数据，构建5 s间隔的日尺度视线重力差(LGD)序列，提取地震区域的LGD异常信号。以2004年苏门答腊MW9.1地震和2011年日本东北MW9.1地震为例，结果显示，LGD方法可在震后数日内识别同震重力变化，时间分辨率显著提升。实测LGD与理论模型正演的LGD峰值高度吻合，苏门答腊地震和日本东北地震的峰值绝对差异分别不超过0.8 nm/s2和2.5 nm/s2。研究表明，LGD方法具有速度快、精度高的优势，可为地震引起的大尺度质量迁移过程研究提供新的技术途径。

, authors=吴昊天1, 冉将军1, *, 丁俊1, authorsList=吴昊天, 冉将军, 丁俊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冉将军, authorNote=

吴昊天, 博士生, 主要从事重力卫星数据处理及其应用研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
冉将军, 研究员, 主要从事大地测量与冰冻圈遥感研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有，未经授权，不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4rI/bqmjVZsrQsA9vm5xZQ==, magXml=lNZG3GkcabCzOpXb063LPQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PJCRr3UtCe+u7jSlJk0e5Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9XL9jCP8evGjk1TfPpufqA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322567053731550051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=12331098@mail.sustech.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322567053802853221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, authorId=1322567053731550051, language=EN, stringName=Haotian WU, firstName=Haotian, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322567053869962086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, authorId=1322567053731550051, language=CN, stringName=吴昊天, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 南方科技大学地球与空间科学系, 深圳, 518055, bio={"content":"

吴昊天, 博士生, 主要从事重力卫星数据处理及其应用研究, E-mail:

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吴昊天, 博士生, 主要从事重力卫星数据处理及其应用研究, E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322567057590309764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, language=CN, label=图5, caption=苏门答腊地震震区GRACE星下点轨迹及LGD, figureFileSmall=Z5xC1ZeIoBYE8OgB6qdnDA==, figureFileBig=ob5hmvOXClLIwgTMSk9gUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322567057657418629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The subsatellite track of GRACE and LGD in the Tohoku earthquake region, figureFileSmall=tVNXo92RwIYVNyXo7PxPTw==, figureFileBig=KXSCluqxujE9Ms5R98WYyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322567057737110406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, language=CN, label=图6, caption=日本东北地震震区GRACE星下点轨迹及LGD, figureFileSmall=tVNXo92RwIYVNyXo7PxPTw==, figureFileBig=KXSCluqxujE9Ms5R98WYyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322567057841968007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Differences between positive and negative LGD anomalies of the Sumatra earthquake and Tohoku earthquake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震 异常 日期 实测LGD/nm·s-2 理论LGD/nm·s-2 差异/nm·s-2 差异比例/%
苏门答腊地震正异常 2004-12-31 13.0 12.7 0.3 2
负异常 2005-01-04 -7.5 -8.3 0.8 10
日本东北地震正异常 2011-03-20 11.8 14.3 2.5 17
负异常 2011-03-27 -6.6 -4.2 2.4 57
), ArticleFig(id=1322567057921659784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567050153808720, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

苏门答腊地震与日本东北地震LGD正负异常差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震 异常 日期 实测LGD/nm·s-2 理论LGD/nm·s-2 差异/nm·s-2 差异比例/%
苏门答腊地震正异常 2004-12-31 13.0 12.7 0.3 2
负异常 2005-01-04 -7.5 -8.3 0.8 10
日本东北地震正异常 2011-03-20 11.8 14.3 2.5 17
负异常 2011-03-27 -6.6 -4.2 2.4 57
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基于GRACE视线重力差的俯冲带大地震快速监测
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吴昊天 1 , 冉将军 1, * , 丁俊 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(4): 418-423
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (4) : 418 -423
基于GRACE视线重力差的俯冲带大地震快速监测
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吴昊天1 , 冉将军1, * , 丁俊1
作者信息
  • 1 南方科技大学地球与空间科学系, 深圳, 518055
通讯作者:
冉将军, 研究员, 主要从事大地测量与冰冻圈遥感研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

吴昊天, 博士生, 主要从事重力卫星数据处理及其应用研究, E-mail:

Rapid Monitoring of Megathrust Earthquakes Using GRACE Line-of-Sight Gravity Difference
Haotian WU1 , Jiangjun RAN1, * , Jun DING1
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.193
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摘要
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利用GRACE星间测距数据，构建5 s间隔的日尺度视线重力差(LGD)序列，提取地震区域的LGD异常信号。以2004年苏门答腊MW9.1地震和2011年日本东北MW9.1地震为例，结果显示，LGD方法可在震后数日内识别同震重力变化，时间分辨率显著提升。实测LGD与理论模型正演的LGD峰值高度吻合，苏门答腊地震和日本东北地震的峰值绝对差异分别不超过0.8 nm/s2和2.5 nm/s2。研究表明，LGD方法具有速度快、精度高的优势，可为地震引起的大尺度质量迁移过程研究提供新的技术途径。

GRACE  /  视线重力差  /  俯冲带地震  /  同震重力变化  /  快速监测

We construct daily line-of-sight gravity difference (LGD) series at 5-second intervals using GRACE inter-satellite ranging data and extract LGD anomalies over earthquake regions. Using the 2004 Sumatra MW9.1 and 2011 Tohoku MW9.1 earthquakes as case studies, the results confirm that the LGD method can effectively detect coseismic gravity changes within several days after earthquake, and significantly improve temporal resolution. The observed LGD and theoretical LGD peaks show excellent agreement, with absolute differences no more than 0.8 nm/s2 (Sumatra earthquake) and 2.5 nm/s2 (Tohoku earthquake). This study demonstrates that LGD-based earthquake monitoring offers high speed and accuracy, providing a new technical approach for investigating large-scale mass migration processes caused by seismic events.

GRACE  /  line-of-sight gravity difference (LGD)  /  megathrust earthquake  /  coseismic gravity changes  /  rapid monitoring
吴昊天, 冉将军, 丁俊. 基于GRACE视线重力差的俯冲带大地震快速监测. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (4) : 418 -423 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.193
Haotian WU, Jiangjun RAN, Jun DING. Rapid Monitoring of Megathrust Earthquakes Using GRACE Line-of-Sight Gravity Difference[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (4) : 418 -423 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.193
正文
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自重力恢复及气候实验卫星(GRACE)发射以来，其时变重力场产品已被广泛应用于地球系统中各类大尺度质量迁移过程的研究[1]，如陆地水储量变化[2]、冰盖融化[3-4]、地下水枯竭[5-6]、地表水蓄变量监测[7-8]和全球海平面变化[9]等领域。在固体地球物理范畴，大地震作为瞬时重力变化的极端事件，其同震及震后重力信号同样能被GRACE捕获，已成为研究震源过程和岩石圈响应的重要观测资料。
同震及震后早期(数小时至数天)的重力扰动直接反映了断层破裂引起的形变，这些信息对于深入理解地震破裂动力学、评估海啸与余震灾害潜力以及约束俯冲带深部结构具有不可替代的作用。然而，传统基于GRACE球谐系数与Mascon产品的同震信号提取方法受限于月尺度时间分辨率[10-11]，难以满足震后快速响应过程的时序分析需求。相比之下，GRACE星间原始观测数据具备更高的时间采样率，为日尺度乃至更高时间分辨率的重力场变化研究提供了可能。
视线重力差(line-of-sight gravity difference, LGD)方法是近年来发展起来的一种创新技术。LGD直接计算沿2颗GRACE卫星视线方向的重力加速度差异，其核心优势在于直接性和高时效性：其绕过需要长达一个月观测数据才能稳定求解全球重力场球谐系数的复杂反演过程，能够直接生成时间间隔短至秒级的重力变化时间序列。这种对快速变化过程的高敏感性，已在洪水极端事件[12-13]和海啸[14]等灾害的快速监测中展现出良好性能。Ghobadi-Far等[14]利用LGD方法监测大地震激发的海啸，观测结果与海啸模型具有良好的一致性。然而，尽管LGD方法在捕捉地震激发的次生灾害(海啸)信号方面取得良好效果，但其直接针对地震前后数日内同震重力变化的识别、提取和量化的有效性仍缺乏系统验证。为此，本文通过分析2004年苏门答腊MW9.1地震与2011年日本东北MW9.1地震的LGD异常信号，并结合球体位错模型进行对比验证，探讨利用GRACE数据实现高时间分辨率地震监测的可行性和准确性。
1 数据与方法
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1.1 数据
本文采用的数据主要包括：1)德国地学研究中心(GFZ)发布的地球大气海洋去混频产品(AOD1B)。2)GRACE卫星的Level-1B数据：美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室(JPL)发布的加速度计测量数据(ACC1B)、GPS导航数据(GNV1B)、卫星姿态数据(SCA1B)、K波段测距数据(KBR1B)。3)GRACE卫星的Level-2数据：JPL RL06 96阶球谐系数产品。4)用于计算同震重力变化理论值的有限断层模型[15-16]。
1.2 动力学参考轨道构建
本文采用重力恢复面向对象编程系统(gravity recovery object oriented programming system, GROOPS)计算GRACE双星的动力学参考轨道。考虑的保守力摄动包括：地球静态重力场、固体潮、海潮、大气潮、固体极潮、海洋极潮、多体运动和相对论效应。非保守力摄动直接采用ACC1B数据，其反映了太阳光压、太阳反照压和大气阻力等效应的影响。在动力学参考轨道计算过程中，以GNV数据的初始轨道状态为基准，采用7阶移动多项式数值积分方法得到各研究时段的动力学参考轨道，并且在轨道拟合时同步估计加速度计参数。
1.3 视线重力差计算
在计算视线方向(LOS)重力差时，需要去除包括静态重力场模型、海潮、空气阻力等地球物理信号的参考场[17]。本研究从GRACE的KBR观测数据中扣除动力学参考轨道，最终提取仅包含时变重力特征的信号残差，其数学表达式为：
$\delta g_{12}^{\operatorname{LOS}}=\delta \ddot{\rho}_{12}+\Delta_0$
式中，$ \delta \ddot{\rho}_{12}=\ddot{\rho}_{12}-\tilde{\rho}_{12}, \delta g_{12}^{\mathrm{LOS}}=g_{12}^{\mathrm{LOS}}-\widetilde{g}_{12}^{\mathrm{LOS}}$，其中，$\ddot{\rho}_{12} $和$\tilde{\rho}_{12} $分别表示基于KBR观测和参考场计算的距离加速度，$ g_{12}^{\mathrm{LOS}}$和$ \widetilde{g}_{12}^{\mathrm{LOS}}$分别表示基于KBR观测和参考场计算的LGD；Δ0表示离心加速度残差。
研究表明[18-19]，Δ0主要贡献频谱的低频部分(小于1 mHz)，因此距离加速度残差$ \delta \ddot{\rho}_{12}$可作为视线重力差$ \delta g_0^{\text {LOS }}$的一阶近似，此时近似误差为离心加速度残差的全部信号。为了将近似误差降至二阶，由距离加速度残差转换为LGD，采用Ghobadi-Far等[17]提出的传递函数：
$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\delta g_{12}^{\operatorname{LOS}}(t)=F^{-1}\left\{Z(f) \cdot F\left\{\delta \ddot{\rho}_{12}(t)\right\}\right\} \\Z(f)=1.0+3.5^{-4} f^{-1.04}\end{array}\right.$
式中，Z(f)表示不随时间、轨道高度以及重力信号强度变化的传递函数；F{ · }和F-1{ · }分别表示傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换；f表示频率。
为了同时消除低频离心加速度干扰和高频KBR测量误差的影响，对δg12LOS采用1~10 mHz带宽的巴特沃斯带通滤波器进行处理，获得高频视线重力差信号LGDhigh。由于1 mHz以下的LGD信号同样包含重要的地球重力场信息[17]，本研究采用对应月份的GRACE Level-2球谐系数数据正演计算LGD信号，并提取其低频成分(小于1 mHz，记为LGDlow)以补充低频信号。最后将LGDhigh和LGDlow相加得到合成的LGD。
2 球体位错模型合成LGD
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本研究将球体位错模型产生的同震重力变化格网数据通过球谐分析的数值积分方法转换成60阶次的球谐系数，进而利用重力场模型正演LGD方法[20]，合成地震发生前后每日的LGD，并将计算结果用于验证下一节由KBR数据计算的LGD。需要注意的是，合成数据仅在地震发生时刻及之后引入了同震重力变化信号，而震前计算未包含该信号。
图 1为球体位错模型正演的2004-12-26苏门答腊MW9.1地震同震重力变化引起的LGD异常。图 1(a)为GRACE卫星上升轨道在穿越苏门答腊地震震区(以USGS发布的震中为中心、半径5°的圆形区域)的地面轨迹分布，图 1(b)为地震前后的LGD变化情况。可以看出，震前该区域LGD值保持为零基准；而震后由于同震重力变化，卫星轨道穿越震区时观测到显著的LGD正负异常信号，该现象与球体位错模型的理论预期相符。
在震后卫星过境研究区的5个观测日中，有4个观测日卫星过境地震断层东侧(图 2)，有1个观测日(2005-01-07)卫星过境地震断层西侧。卫星过境地震断层东侧的LGD主要形态由南向北呈现出“减小-增大-减小”特征，具体表现为：当轨道上升到赤道附近时，LGD开始出现负异常，并在1°N左右达到极值；随着纬度上升，卫星受到地震断层东侧同震效应负异常影响，LGD迅速转变为正值，到7°N左右LGD达到正异常极值；之后随着纬度增加，LGD出现微弱的负异常。其中，卫星在震后第1次穿越震区时的轨道距离地震中心最近，其所引起的LGD振幅最大，正异常峰值达12.7 nm/s2，负异常峰值达-8.3 nm/s2。
当卫星轨道过境地震断层西侧时(2005-01-07)，LGD变化特征明显区别于其他观测日。卫星轨道在到达赤道之前，由于受到局部同震负异常影响，LGD显示为正异常；随着卫星轨道向北逐渐接近3°N时，尽管轨道正下方为同震负异常，但由于断层西侧的同震正异常信号更强，LGD显示为负异常；卫星轨道处于3°~10°N对应的正信号中心区域时，由于受到断层东侧同震负信号的强烈影响，LGD从负异常快速变化为正异常，并且在10°N附近达到正异常极值。
图 3为2011年日本东北MW9.1地震球体位错模型合成的LGD时间序列，可以看出，在以震中为中心、半径4°的研究区内，震后4个观测日的LGD变化呈现出与苏门答腊地震相似的“减小-增大-减小”空间分布特征，其中2011-03-30的LGD异常振幅最大，正异常为14.3 nm/s2，负异常为-4.2 nm/s2。
从图 4可以看出，震后4个观测日的上升轨道均穿越同震信号核心区，但各观测日的LGD变化特征存在差异，主要原因为卫星轨道与正、负重力异常区的相对位置不同。震后第1个观测日(2011-03-17)，卫星轨道经过正重力异常区，其LGD变化呈现独特特征：当轨道接近正异常区时，LGD显示微弱负异常(幅值小于2 nm/s2)，进入正异常区后受邻近负异常区影响转为正异常，但幅度显著小于其他观测日。后续其他观测日的LGD变化主要受负异常区支配，对应振幅更强。
3 同震重力变化LGD异常
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图 5为KBR计算的2004-12-26苏门答腊MW9.1地震前后的LGD异常。其中，图 5(b)中黑色曲线为球体位错模型合成的LGD，主要表现为苏门答腊地震引起的正重力异常所对应的LGD负异常特征；彩色曲线为KBR实测LGD，震后共有5个观测日卫星轨道穿越震源区。
结果表明，震后实测LGD曲线与理论模型合成的LGD曲线高度吻合，仅异常幅值和正/负异常中心纬度存在微小差异。震前2个观测日(2004-12-19和2004-12-23)的LGD异常趋近于0。具体而言，震后的实测LGD曲线呈现自南向北的“先负后正”形态。从表 1可以看出，正异常幅值(最大13.0 nm/s2)显著高于负异常幅值(最大7.5 nm/s2)，表明上升轨道主要受同震正重力异常主导。其中，2004-12-31实测LGD正异常峰值(13.0 nm/s2)与理论模型值(12.7 nm/s2)的偏差仅为0.3 nm/s2(2%)，2005-01-04实测负异常峰值(-7.5 nm/s2)与理论模型值(-8.3 nm/s2)的偏差为0.8 nm/s2(10%)。震后的LGD异常幅值存在差异，原因为实测的LGD包含了局部所有大尺度质量变化信号(如水文、海洋等)，而理论模型仅反映同震位错效应。关于震前异常幅值，震前11 d (2004-12-15)出现LGD正负异常，其成因可能与未考虑的水文或海洋活动有关，需进一步验证。上述分析表明，利用KBR数据计算的LGD在震后数日内成功监测到苏门答腊地震的同震重力变化。
同理，图 6为基于KBR观测数据提取的2011-03-11日本东北MW9.1地震同震LGD异常。可以看出，震后共有4个观测日卫星轨道穿越震源区，震后理论LGD以正异常为主(反映地震同震重力负异常)，并且与其中3个观测日的实测LGD曲线高度吻合，特别是2011-03-20地震区域的LGD变化几乎与球体位错模型结果一致。由表 1可知，2011-03-20正异常峰值(11.8 nm/s2)与理论模型值(14.3 nm/s2)的偏差为2.5 nm/s2(17%)；2011-03-27负异常峰值(-6.6 nm/s2)与理论模型值(-4.2 nm/s2)的偏差为2.4 nm/s2(57%)，主要原因为原信号幅值较小, 更容易受其他信号(如水文信号)干扰。2011-03-27的LGD值在震区南部出现较为明显的负异常，而模型正演的LGD负异常较小，原因可能为模型值与观测值之间存在偏差。尽管存在局部的微小偏差，KBR数据计算的LGD仍能有效捕捉到日本东北地震的同震重力变化，进一步证实了该方法对俯冲带大地震的监测能力。
4 结语
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本文基于GRACE KBR数据构建高时间分辨率的视线重力差(LGD)序列，提取并分析苏门答腊和日本东北2次MW9.1俯冲型地震的同震重力变化信号。结果表明，LGD方法能够在震后数日内成功捕捉到地震引起的重力变化。对比实测LGD与基于球体位错模型计算的理论LGD可知，苏门答腊地震和日本东北地震的峰值差异分别不超过0.8 nm/s2和2.5 nm/s2，在空间分布和振幅上均表现出高度的一致性，有力证实了LGD观测结果的可靠性。相比于传统基于球谐系数和Mascon产品的月尺度重力场反演方法，LGD方法能明显提高同震重力变化的时间分辨率，为震后快速响应和震源机制研究提供了新的技术途径。
本研究不仅验证了LGD在特定案例中的有效性，更揭示了其在俯冲带大地震快速监测中具有广阔的普适应用前景，为后续地震系列事件、震后形变及地球深部质量迁移过程的快速监测提供了支撑。随着GRACE-FO任务的持续运行及未来下一代重力卫星计划的发展，LGD方法将在提升地球物理事件快速响应能力和深化质量迁移过程认知方面发挥越来越重要的作用。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(42322403)
文献
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2026年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.193
  • 接收时间：2025-06-09
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-09
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国家自然科学基金(42322403)
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    1 南方科技大学地球与空间科学系, 深圳, 518055

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冉将军, 研究员, 主要从事大地测量与冰冻圈遥感研究, E-mail:
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