Article(id=1322567012354732425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566927927591451, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751212800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254147851, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254147851, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254147851, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254147851, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566927927591451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='262', pageEnd='391', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254127723, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254127723, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=385, endPage=391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322567012518310282, articleId=1322567012354732425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Adaptive Identification of Landslide Uniform Deformation Rate and Early Warning Method Considering GNSS Data Uncertainty, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Considering the random characteristics of GNSS monitoring data, an adaptive identification method for the uniform deformation rate of landslides is proposed. By adopting low-order and high-order Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering respectively, sequences suitable for early warning analysis and consistent with the deformation trend are obtained. On this basis, a rate fluctuation interval is defined, and the main deformation rate segments with dense sample points are located to determine the uniform deformation rate. Accordingly, a staged early warning model for landslide creep is constructed. This method is applied to three typical landslides, namely loess landslides, reservoir bank landslides, and coal mine landslides, to verify the identification of the uniform deformation rate and its early warning effect. The results show that this method can significantly suppress GNSS noise interference and improve the stability and engineering application value of the early warning system.

, authors=Duo WANG1, Yuan DU1, *, Guanwen HUANG1, 2, Qin ZHANG1, authorsList=Duo WANG, Yuan DU, Guanwen HUANG, Qin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuan DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322567014602879389, articleId=1322567012354732425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=顾及GNSS随机特性的滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别与预警方法, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

顾及GNSS监测数据的随机特性, 提出一种滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别方法。通过分别采用低阶与高阶SG滤波, 得到用于预警分析和符合变形趋势的序列。在此基础上, 定义速率波动区间, 并定位出样本点密集的主要变形速率段, 从而确定匀速变形速率, 基于此构建滑坡蠕变分阶段预警模型。将该方法分别应用于黄土滑坡、库岸滑坡以及煤矿滑坡3种典型滑坡, 验证匀速变形速率识别及其预警效果。结果表明, 该方法能显著抑制GNSS噪声干扰, 提高预警系统的稳定性和工程应用价值。

, authors=王铎1, 杜源1, *, 黄观文1, 2, 张勤1, authorsList=王铎, 杜源, 黄观文, 张勤, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杜源, authorNote=

王铎, 博士生, 主要从事GNSS滑坡灾害预警研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杜源, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要从事北斗/GNSS高精度数据处理与灾害监测应用研究, E-mail:
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label=Tab. 1, caption=

Uniform deformation rate and early warning thresholds of monitoring sequences for three types of landslides

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监测区域偏差序列波动区间搜索匀速变形速率/mm·d-1预警阈值/mm·d-1
方差/(mm/d)2置信区间/mm·d-1波动区间/mm·d-1最大样本数警示级警戒级警报级
新铺滑坡0.10[-0.62, 0.62][-0.10, 1.13]7360.331.131.863.76
黑方台滑坡0.06[-1.16, 1.16][0.35, 2.66]6441.202.276.7813.67
发耳滑坡0.43[-1.54, 1.54][-0.53, 2.55]8780.562.553.206.44
), ArticleFig(id=1322567022186181078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322567012354732425, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3类滑坡监测序列匀速变形速率及预警阈值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测区域偏差序列波动区间搜索匀速变形速率/mm·d-1预警阈值/mm·d-1
方差/(mm/d)2置信区间/mm·d-1波动区间/mm·d-1最大样本数警示级警戒级警报级
新铺滑坡0.10[-0.62, 0.62][-0.10, 1.13]7360.331.131.863.76
黑方台滑坡0.06[-1.16, 1.16][0.35, 2.66]6441.202.276.7813.67
发耳滑坡0.43[-1.54, 1.54][-0.53, 2.55]8780.562.553.206.44
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顾及GNSS随机特性的滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别与预警方法
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王铎 1 , 杜源 1, * , 黄观文 1, 2 , 张勤 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(3): 385-391
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (3) : 385 -391
顾及GNSS随机特性的滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别与预警方法
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王铎1 , 杜源1, * , 黄观文1, 2, 张勤1
作者信息
  • 1 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 西安, 710054
  • 2 自然资源部生态地质与灾害防控重点实验室, 西安, 710054
通讯作者:
杜源, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要从事北斗/GNSS高精度数据处理与灾害监测应用研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

王铎, 博士生, 主要从事GNSS滑坡灾害预警研究, E-mail:

Adaptive Identification of Landslide Uniform Deformation Rate and Early Warning Method Considering GNSS Data Uncertainty
Duo WANG1 , Yuan DU1, * , Guanwen HUANG1, 2, Qin ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang' an University, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention, MNR, Xi'an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.222
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顾及GNSS监测数据的随机特性, 提出一种滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别方法。通过分别采用低阶与高阶SG滤波, 得到用于预警分析和符合变形趋势的序列。在此基础上, 定义速率波动区间, 并定位出样本点密集的主要变形速率段, 从而确定匀速变形速率, 基于此构建滑坡蠕变分阶段预警模型。将该方法分别应用于黄土滑坡、库岸滑坡以及煤矿滑坡3种典型滑坡, 验证匀速变形速率识别及其预警效果。结果表明, 该方法能显著抑制GNSS噪声干扰, 提高预警系统的稳定性和工程应用价值。

滑坡  /  GNSS  /  匀速变形速率  /  自适应识别  /  预警

Considering the random characteristics of GNSS monitoring data, an adaptive identification method for the uniform deformation rate of landslides is proposed. By adopting low-order and high-order Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering respectively, sequences suitable for early warning analysis and consistent with the deformation trend are obtained. On this basis, a rate fluctuation interval is defined, and the main deformation rate segments with dense sample points are located to determine the uniform deformation rate. Accordingly, a staged early warning model for landslide creep is constructed. This method is applied to three typical landslides, namely loess landslides, reservoir bank landslides, and coal mine landslides, to verify the identification of the uniform deformation rate and its early warning effect. The results show that this method can significantly suppress GNSS noise interference and improve the stability and engineering application value of the early warning system.

landslide  /  GNSS  /  uniform deformation rate  /  adaptive identification  /  early warning
王铎, 杜源, 黄观文, 张勤. 顾及GNSS随机特性的滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别与预警方法. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (3) : 385 -391 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.222
Duo WANG, Yuan DU, Guanwen HUANG, Qin ZHANG. Adaptive Identification of Landslide Uniform Deformation Rate and Early Warning Method Considering GNSS Data Uncertainty[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (3) : 385 -391 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.222
我国是全球地质灾害最频发、受影响最严重的国家之一,其中滑坡灾害因其高发性和广泛分布性,对民众的生命安全及财产构成了持久威胁[1-3]。科学处理与分析滑坡变形监测数据及其历史资料,准确刻画其演变过程,并据此进行预警及制定相应的紧急应对措施,对减轻人员伤亡和财产损失具有关键作用[4-5]。
众多室内模拟实验及现场监测结果表明,滑坡变形演化通常呈现出3个阶段的蠕变特征,即初始变形、匀速变形以及加速变形阶段[6-8]。近年来,许多学者基于滑坡的基本变形特性,结合可靠的监测数据,开发了一系列用于滑坡预警的模型,并取得了良好的应用效果[9-10]。如Xu等[11]提出一种改进后的切线角预警标准,通过将累积位移量除以匀速变形速率实现序列无量纲化,并依据典型实例划分出不同级别预警阈值,该方法已成功应用于贵州龙井以及甘肃黑方台等多处滑坡的预警中。王立伟等[12]采用位移速率与匀速速率的比值作为统一评判标准,评估滑坡的空间变形状况。王珣等[13]研究了匀速变形速率与临界滑动前切线角度之间的关系,提出将未达到破坏阶段时的最大切线角度下限设为临界预警指标。
随着地质灾害监测技术的不断进步,尤其是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的广泛应用,使得地表三维形变信息能够以高精度、实时方式获取,大幅提升了监测的效率与精度[14-15]。然而,滑坡类型、地质背景与变形机制的复杂多样性,使得难以统一构建预警模型。现有方法通常需人工划分匀速变形阶段,受主观因素影响大,缺乏统一标准,限制了预警系统的智能化发展。为应对这一问题,许强等[16]在匀速变形阶段难以识别的突发型滑坡中,引入全过程平均速率替代匀速变形速率;王一帆等[17]针对折线型滑坡,提出动态修正的切线角模型,实现预警模型的实时调整。
此外,滑坡常分布于高山峡谷或植被茂密的地区,GNSS监测易受环境干扰,导致数据质量波动[18]。目前大多数预警模型仍将GNSS数据视为常规位移数据,忽略其固有的随机特性,影响预警效果,从而限制技术的可靠应用。为此,本文提出一种顾及GNSS数据随机特性的滑坡匀速变形速率自适应识别与预警方法,通过滤波降噪、速率波动区间构建等步骤,实现匀速变形速率的自动识别,提升自动化处理的准确性与适应性,为基于蠕变阶段的滑坡预警系统构建提供可靠支撑。
滑坡的变形过程普遍呈现出蠕变特征,即从初始变形到最终失稳破坏,通常经历初始变形、匀速变形和加速变形3个阶段。图 1展示了滑坡在这3个阶段中累积位移与变形速率的典型演化特征(图 1(a)和图 1(b))。从图中可以看出,滑坡变形速率具有如下规律:1)初始变形阶段。在外界诱发因素的作用下,滑坡体开始发生变形,随着外界影响的减弱或消失,变形速率逐渐降低。2)匀速变形阶段。滑坡体进入相对稳定的变形阶段,变形速率基本维持在某一恒定水平。3)加速变形阶段。变形速率持续上升,并呈现逐渐加快的趋势,最终可能导致失稳破坏。
由于滑坡的物质组成、破坏机制及外界诱因存在差异,不同滑坡在各阶段的表现及其持续时间不尽相同,但每一滑坡通常对应一个独特的匀速变形速率。滑坡蠕变特征由其内部蠕变参数决定,当蠕变参数在匀速阶段趋于稳定,该阶段的变形速率即可作为滑坡蠕变过程参数的综合外在表现,可通过变形监测数据加以识别。
匀速变形速率的准确确定对于滑坡预警尤为关键。如在改进的切线角模型中,通过计算切线角α的大小可量化滑坡的危险程度[19],其计算公式为:
$\alpha=\arctan \frac{V_t}{\bar{V}}$
式中,Vt为滑坡实际变形速率;${\bar V}$为滑坡匀速变形速率。
将加速变形阶段进一步细分为初加速、中加速、加加速变形阶段,并根据切线角α划分预警等级[20]。当45°<α<80°时,判断为初加速阶段,可发布黄色预警;当80°<α<85°时,为中加速阶段,对应橙色预警;当α>85°时,表明滑坡进入加加速阶段,应发布红色预警。在该模型中,匀速变形速率的精确获取是实现准确预警的核心与前提。
受外界扰动和测量误差的影响,即使滑坡处于匀速变形阶段,观测到的速率也常在小范围内波动,难以保持恒定。GNSS短基线相对定位虽能减少延迟误差,但仍受多路径效应等干扰,导致位移数据为真实变形与噪声的叠加[21]。为准确提取变形特征,需对原始序列进行滤波,并合理设置速率波动区间,为匀速阶段识别和预警模型建立提供可靠依据。
Savitzky-Golay(SG)滤波是一种通过在滑动窗口内进行局部多项式拟合来平滑数据的数字滤波方法。与简单移动平均相比,其在有效去除高频噪声的同时,能够更好地保留原始信号中的重要特征[22-23],其表达式为:
$Y_j^*=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=-m}^{i=m} C_i Y_{j+i}}{N}$
式中,Yj为原始序列第j个值,Yj*为其拟合值;Ci为第i个值对应的滤波系数;N为卷积数;m为窗口大小,其与平滑多项式的次数共同控制平滑效果。窗口越大,拟合多项式次数越小,结果越平滑,但细节损失多;多项式次数越高,则细节保留多,但易过拟合。
为兼顾去噪与保留变形细节,选取窗口宽度为7、平滑次数为1的SG滤波器对原始监测序列进行处理,获得用于预警分析的序列Yj7。
预警分析序列的变形速率仍然呈现出在一定区间内上下波动的特性,因此同时采用高阶SG滤波(窗口宽度为31,平滑次数为3)处理原始监测序列,得到变形趋势序列Yj31。计算预警分析序列的变形速率Vj7与变形趋势序列的变形速率Vj31之间的偏差序列ΔVj及偏差序列的标准差σ:
$\Delta V_j=V_j^7-V_j^{31}$
$\sigma=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n} \sum\limits_{j=1}^n\left(\Delta V_j-\mu\right)^2}$
式中,n为序列个数;μ为序列均值。
该偏差序列服从方差为σ2的正态分布,数据点不在置信区间[-2σ, 2σ]的概率不到5%。因此可以认为预警分析序列变形速率Vj7的波动区间为[-2σ+Vj7, 2σ+Vj7]。
传统匀速变形速率的确定依赖于人工判识。该方法通常通过分析滑坡变形监测得到的累积位移时间序列,结合滑坡的宏观变形迹象,划分不同的变形阶段。然后,在划定的匀速变形阶段内,采用算术平均方式计算出匀速变形速率。然而,该方法在实际应用中需人为设定速率值,以实现切线角模型等预警方法的应用,这在滑坡实时预警系统向自动化、智能化发展的背景下存在一定的局限性。
鉴于滑坡蠕变过程中匀速变形阶段往往占据主导地位,且该阶段的变形速率一般呈现为某一数值区间内的上下波动特征,本文提出一种滑坡匀速变形速率的自适应确定方法。该方法的核心思想是:以变形速率的波动特性为基础,构建速率波动区间,并从中识别出样本点密集的主要变形速率段v(j; V),从而确定匀速变形速率${\bar V}$。具体计算方式如下:
$v(j ; V)=\sup \left\{j \mid \operatorname{count}\left[-2 \sigma+V_j^7, 2 \sigma+V_j^7\right]\right\}$
$\bar{V}=\operatorname{median}\{v(j ; V)\}$
式中,sup为上确界;count为区间内样本的计数;median为区间内样本的中位数。该方法的整体技术流程如下:
1) 数据预处理。考虑到实际监测序列中常存在数据中断,首先应对监测数据进行缺失值补偿,并根据中断情况对数据进行分段处理。
2) 滤波处理。针对每段数据,分别采用低阶与高阶SG滤波方法进行处理,获得平滑后的预警分析序列和变形趋势序列。
3) 波动区间构建。通过分析高阶与低阶滤波结果之间速率的偏差序列,利用其正态分布特性,计算变形速率的标准差σ,构建样本点的速率波动区间。
4) 速率区间识别。以每个样本点的变形速率为中心,构建以2σ为半径的速率波动区间,统计各区间内的样本数量,并选取包含样本数最多的主区间,该区间中变形速率的中位数即为匀速变形速率。
5) 预警判据计算。基于确定的匀速变形速率,进一步计算滑坡预警所需的关键判据,并用于后续的风险评估与预警决策中。
滑坡监测的最终目的是预警,改进切线角模型和位移速率比模型是目前最为常用的基于匀速变形速率的预警模型。这2种模型可通过函数关系互相转换,2个模型之间的函数转换关系可表示为:
$\arctan \frac{V_t}{\bar{V}}=45^{\circ} \rightarrow V_t=\bar{V}$
$\arctan \frac{V_t}{\bar{V}}=80^{\circ} \rightarrow V_t=5.67 \bar{V}$
$\arctan \frac{V_t}{\bar{V}}=85^{\circ} \rightarrow V_t=11.43 \bar{V}$
基于发生蠕动变形滑坡和已发生的滑坡的变形速率,确立了不同发育阶段GNSS随机特性的变形速率阈值预警模型。根据上述定义:
当V>v(j; V)时,其中v(j; V)为置信区间,即当前变形速率超过允许的波动区间时,滑坡进入初加速变形阶段,危险性预警级别为警示级;
当V>6时${\bar V}$,滑坡进入中加速变形阶段,危险性预警级别为警戒级;
当V>11${\bar V}$时,滑坡进入加加速变形阶段,危险性预警级别为警报级。
该预警模型可作为预警过程中的参考,实际预警中应结合宏观地质现象,多模型综合预警判据及专家研判共同确定滑坡危险性预警等级。
不同类型滑坡在地表位移曲线上的表现差异显著,根据变形时间序列特征可划分为渐变型、阶梯型、突发型和回落型等[24]。为验证提出的匀速变形速率自适应识别方法的准确性与通用性,选取3个典型滑坡——阶梯型库岸滑坡、突发型黄土滑坡和回落型煤矿滑坡作为应用案例。通过对其监测序列的分析,评估方法在不同滑坡类型中的适用性,并验证基于变形阶段划分的预警模型效果。
三峡新铺滑坡位于重庆市奉节县安坪镇新铺村,分布于长江南岸斜坡地带,距三峡大坝约158 km。受三峡水库水位涨落和雨季降雨的共同影响,滑坡体表现出明显的“阶梯状”变形特征[25]。每年4—5月水位下降引发滑坡体变形加速;汛期(7—9月)降雨增强,滑坡体变形速率在7月底达到峰值;汛期结束后,水位回落至175 m,降雨减少,滑坡进入匀速变形阶段。由于该滑坡具有典型的多阶段特征,适合用于验证提出的匀速变形速率识别方法。选取代表性监测点XP07进行分析,数据间隔为1 d,累积位移曲线见图 2,展现了3次水位涨落过程中滑坡变形的周期性演化规律。
数据经缺失值补偿和分段处理后,分别用7阶1次和31阶3次SG滤波处理得到变形速率的预警分析序列及变形趋势序列,见图 3。预警分析序列保留了局部变形特征,但由于受噪声影响波动较大,变形趋势序列反映了整体变形但变形细节不足。计算高阶和低阶SG滤波变形速率序列之间的偏差,得到偏差序列见图 4。分析偏差序列的随机特性可知,其服从方差为0.10的正态分布,置信区间为[-0.62, 0.62]。通过建立变形速率的波动区间,逐个搜索区间内样本数,统计结果见图 5。可知最大样本数为736,波动区间为[-0.10, 1.13],最终计算得到的滑坡匀速变形速率为0.33 mm/d。
为进一步验证该方法确定匀速变形速率的准确性,手动选取匀速变形阶段的数据计算匀速变形速率,计算结果为0.40 mm/d,与自动计算结果相差0.07 mm/d,说明该方法确定的匀速变形速率较为准确。基于建立的变形速率阈值预警模型,确定3级预警判据,分别为:警示级1.51 mm/d、警戒级2.16 mm/d、警报级4.36 mm/d。三峡库区水位每次发生涨落,预警模型都能准确识别并及时发出预警,证明提出的方法适用于阶梯型库岸滑坡的匀速变形速率识别和预警模型建立。
黑方台党川滑坡位于甘肃省临夏州永靖县盐锅峡镇黄河北岸,滑坡体下方为农田和水渠。自1968年将该地区改为农业用地以来,长期过度灌溉导致黄土滑坡频发。2021-01-27黑方台发生突发型滑坡(党川5号滑坡,36°5′30.93″N、103°18′43.6″E),由GNSS监测点HF09成功监测。其累积位移曲线见图 6,呈现出典型的三阶段蠕变演化特征,尤其在失稳前进入快速加速阶段,变形过程持续时间短,监测曲线波动较大,呈现出突发型滑坡的典型特征。
针对突发型黄土滑坡变形特征,本文方法识别的滑坡匀速变形速率为1.20 mm/d,变形速率曲线见图 7。在进入加速变形阶段前,预警分析序列变形速率在区间内随机波动,说明匀速变形速率具有在一定区间内上下波动的特性,提出的方法能准确计算波动区间。为对比该方法的准确性,手动选取匀速变形阶段数据计算匀速变形速率,其结果为1.23 mm/d,与自动识别结果相差0.03 mm/d。建立变形速率阈值预警模型,确定3级预警判据,分别为:警示级2.66 mm/d(2020-12-06)、警戒级6.78 mm/d(2021-01-05)、警报级13.66 mm/d(2021-01-19)。相较于最终失稳时间,预警分别提前52 d、22 d和8 d发出,预警准确性较高。
发耳滑坡位于贵州省六盘水市水城区发耳镇发耳煤矿,属盆地地貌,周边多山体,坡面植被稀少,土质松散且透水性强。受降雨和地下煤层开采影响,滑坡体已发生明显变形,出现多处拉张裂缝,局部伴随碎石崩落,呈持续发育趋势,具备较高的预警响应潜力。典型GNSS监测点FE05的累积位移曲线见图 8,2020-10—2021-05期间,在降雨与采空区沉降双重影响下,监测点经历了先加速后减速的“回落型”变形过程。与突发型滑坡不同,该滑坡体在局部失稳后常能重新达到新的稳定状态,呈现明显的阶段性滑动特征。
针对这种回落型煤矿滑坡变形特征,采用本文方法分析其适用性。经计算,该监测曲线的匀速变形速率为0.49 mm/d,变形速率曲线见图 9。由图可知,在变形速率回落之后,滑坡重新回到匀速变形阶段,变形速率曲线仍在波动区间内随机波动,本文提出的方法适用于回落型滑坡的匀速变形速率识别。手动选取匀速变形阶段的数据计算匀速变形速率,其结果为0.54 mm/d,与自动计算结果相差0.05 mm/d。基于提出的变形速率阈值预警模型,建立3级预警判据,分别为:警示级2.11 mm/d、警戒级2.76 mm/d、警报级5.57 mm/d。表 1统计了3类滑坡监测序列匀速变形速率及预警阈值。
针对基于滑坡蠕变变形阶段的滑坡预警模型匀速变形阶段需要人工判识,自动化、智能化程度低的问题,顾及GNSS数据的随机特性,提出一种滑坡匀速变形速率自适应确定方法,提高了自动化处理匀速变形速率的准确性和适应性,可为预警提供可靠的支撑,具有较高的工程应用价值。主要成果如下:
1) 顾及GNSS数据的随机特性,提出一种滑坡匀速变形速率自适应确定方法。实例研究证明,GNSS监测序列匀速变形阶段的变形速率通常在一定区间内上下波动,基于这种随机特性提出使用高阶和低阶SG滤波计算变形速率波动区间及匀速变形速率。
2) 基于改进的切线角模型和位移速率比模型之间的转换关系,建立基于变形速率阈值的预警模型。该模型以匀速变形速率的固定比值为变形速率阈值,降低实时预警数据处理的复杂度,避免GNSS随机噪声影响造成的误警,可作为预警过程中的参考指标。
3) 分别通过实例验证阶梯型库岸滑坡、突发型黄土滑坡、回落型煤矿滑坡3种实测曲线的匀速变形速率识别效果及基于滑坡蠕变变形阶段的滑坡预警模型预警效果。手动计算结果与自动计算结果分别相差0.07 mm/d、0.03 mm/d、0.05 mm/d,表明该方法可以准确识别匀速变形速率和准确预警,适用于不同特征的地表位移曲线,具有一定的普适性。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3008402)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42374025)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(300102264719)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(300102264905)
  • 广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD25069103)
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2026年第46卷第3期
35
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.222
  • 接收时间:2025-06-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3008402)
国家自然科学基金(42374025)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(300102264719)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(300102264905)
广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD25069103)
作者信息
    1 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 西安, 710054
    2 自然资源部生态地质与灾害防控重点实验室, 西安, 710054

通讯作者:

杜源, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要从事北斗/GNSS高精度数据处理与灾害监测应用研究, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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