Article(id=1322566958227238952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566927927591451, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.04.110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743696000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254134946, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254134946, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254134946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254134946, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566927927591451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='262', pageEnd='391', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254127723, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254127723, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=327, endPage=334, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322566958386622505, articleId=1322566958227238952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Segmentation Characteristics of Current Movement of Xianshuihe Fault Zone Based on Deformation Observation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the structural characteristics of the Xianshuihe fault zone, this study divides the five sections of Luhuo, Daofu, Qianning, Zheduotang, and Kangding-Moxi, and quantitatively reveals the horizontal slip rate and kinematic characteristics of each section through multi-source observation data of cross-fault leveling, baseline/ranging, and horizontal creep. The results show that the whole Xianshuihe fault zone is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip mode from 1982 to 2024. The strike-slip rates of Juwo and Xialatuo in Luhuo section are -0.9 mm/a and -2.86 mm/a, and the cumulative strike-slip displacements are 40 mm and 130 mm, which are significantly higher than the activity intensity of Gelu and Xuxu stations. The strike-slip rates of Goupu and Goupu creep stations in Daofu-Qianning section are -0.97 mm/a and -0.58 mm/a, and the cumulative displacement shows a linear growth trend. The horizontal displacement of Longdengba and Laoganning stations is small, and the local fault zone is weakly sinistral. The Zheduotang observation site in the Kangding-Moxi section shows a +0.2 mm/a dextral strike-slip, while the Yulin observation site maintains a stable left-lateral strike-slip of -0.12 mm/a, and its deformation has significant seasonal fluctuations (amplitude of about 1.5 mm to 2.3 mm). The cross-fault leveling of the Anshun site shows continuous tensile normal fault activity, and the linearity of the movement trend reaches 0.933 and 0.824, respectively.The results of segmented comparison show that the activity intensity of the northwestern section is significantly higher than that of the southeastern section, and the vertical movement shows that the thrust of the northern section and the normal fault activity of the southern section are structural inversion. The segmentation difference is related to the fault geometry and the physical properties of the medium. The medium strength of the conversion layer in the northwest section may be lower than that in the southeast section, which is easy to trigger slip and lead to shorter earthquake recurrence period. Combined with the regional stress field, it is found that the locking degree of the Xianshuihe fault zone has changed in different periods, showing that the fault in the northwest section is more active than that in the southeast section, and the locking is weak. At the same time, after the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake, and the Luding MS6.9 earthquake, the extrusion rate of the Bayan Har block to the Sichuan basin accelerated, which affected the far-field left-lateral strike-slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault and the accumulation rate of fault slip deficit, which in turn led to the difference in the stress and strain accumulation rate of each segment on the Xianshuihe fault zone.

, authors=Wen ZHANG1, Weili WANG1, Yu LUO1, Junjun WEN1, Liyuan PENG1, Lingli MA1, Donglin SHU1, authorsList=Wen ZHANG, Weili WANG, Yu LUO, Junjun WEN, Liyuan PENG, Lingli MA, Donglin SHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322566959300980784, articleId=1322566958227238952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于形变观测分析鲜水河断裂带现今运动分段特征, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于构造特征将鲜水河断裂带划分为炉霍、道孚、乾宁、折多塘、康定-磨西5段,通过跨断层水准、基线/测距及水平蠕变多源观测数据,定量揭示各段水平滑动速率及运动学特征。研究表明,1982—2024年鲜水河断裂带整体以左旋走滑为主导模式,炉霍段侏倭和虾拉沱走滑速率为-0.9 mm/a和-2.86 mm/a,累积走滑量达40 mm和130 mm,显著高于格鲁、虚墟站点活动强度;道孚-乾宁段沟普和沟普蠕变站走滑速率为-0.97 mm/a和-0.58 mm/a,累积位移量呈线性增长趋势;龙灯坝与老乾宁站的水平位移量级较小,局部断裂带呈弱左旋活动。康定-磨西段折多塘观测场地显示+0.2 mm/a的右旋走滑,榆林观测场地则保持-0.12 mm/a的稳定左旋走滑,其形变存在显著季节性波动(振幅约1.5~2.3 mm),安顺场观测场地跨断层水准测量显示持续张性正断层活动,运动趋势线性度分别达到0.933和0.824。分段对比结果表明,北西段活动强度明显高于南东段,垂直运动表现为北段逆冲与南段正断层活动呈构造反转。分段差异与断层几何结构、介质物理性质有关;北西段转换层介质强度可能低于南东段,易触发滑动,导致较短地震复发周期;结合区域应力场发现,不同时期鲜水河断裂带闭锁程度发生了改变,表现为北西段较南东段断层更为活跃,闭锁较弱。同时,汶川MS8.0、芦山MS7.0及泸定MS6.9地震后,巴颜喀拉地块向四川盆地挤压运动速率加快,影响了鲜水河断裂的远场左旋走滑速率和断层滑动亏损积累速率,进而导致鲜水河断裂带上各分段的应力应变积累速率差异。

, authors=张文1, 王伟力1, 罗宇1, 温军军1, 彭丽媛1, 马伶俐1, 舒东林1, authorsList=张文, 王伟力, 罗宇, 温军军, 彭丽媛, 马伶俐, 舒东林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

张文, 助理工程师, 主要从事跨断层形变与地震研究, E-mail:

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Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2010, 30 (3): 22- 26, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322566968775913581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, awardId=LY2516, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2516), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322566968868188270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, awardId=LY2420, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2420), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322566959510695985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566959519084594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, companyId=1322566959510695985, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Crustal Deformation Monitoring Center of Sichuan Earthquake Agency, Ya'an 625000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566959527473203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, companyId=1322566959510695985, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 四川省地震局地壳形变观测中心, 雅安, 625000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322566967249186913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Near field 3D activity characteristics across faults in the northwest segment of Xianshuihe fault zone, figureFileSmall=oumF8ypa3neVQs+ZDCqjEA==, figureFileBig=RNDXhr6Mw9Pg2/OXV+BfSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566967337267298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鲜水河断裂带北西段跨断层近场三维活动特征, figureFileSmall=oumF8ypa3neVQs+ZDCqjEA==, figureFileBig=RNDXhr6Mw9Pg2/OXV+BfSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566967534399587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Near field 3D activity characteristics across faults in the southeast segment of Xianshuihe fault zone, figureFileSmall=8UJS0AS8/6B7XdMPm8i2Kg==, figureFileBig=eH2z3utDVpzCvC8n1oz4sQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566967622479972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=CN, label=图2, caption=鲜水河断裂带南东段跨断层近场三维活动特征, figureFileSmall=8UJS0AS8/6B7XdMPm8i2Kg==, figureFileBig=eH2z3utDVpzCvC8n1oz4sQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566967702171749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Near field fault activity characteristics of horizontal creep in northwest section of Xianshuihe fault zone, figureFileSmall=dIZrQiz2SFusX0tGdtHdEw==, figureFileBig=1hmdErFA+A+umHe2NRYGxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566967857360998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=CN, label=图3, caption=鲜水河断裂带北西段水平蠕变近场断层活动特征, figureFileSmall=dIZrQiz2SFusX0tGdtHdEw==, figureFileBig=1hmdErFA+A+umHe2NRYGxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566967941247079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Characteristic earthquake rupture sections of Xianshuihe and site layout across faults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分段 序号 破裂段名称 段长/km 跨断层观测场地 观测手段 相邻段重叠量/km 最近特征地震
鲜水河1 炉霍 90 侏倭、格鲁、虚墟、虾拉沱
虾拉沱
水准、基线/测距
蠕变
201973年MS7.6
2 倡促梁子 50 恰叫 蠕变 1923年MS7 1/4
3 道孚 45 道孚
沟普
水准
水准、基线/测距、蠕变
10 1981年MS6.9
4 松林口-乾宁 50 龙灯坝、老乾宁 水准、基线/测距、蠕变 1893年MS7.0
雅拉河 5 雅拉河 40 - - - 1700年MS7.0
色拉哈- 磨西6 大炮山 45 - -101748年MS6.5
7 木格措 40 榆林 水准、基线/测距 1725年MS7 1/4
8 磨西 80 田湾
安顺场
水准、基线/测距
水准
15 2022年MS6.8
折多塘 9 折多塘 30 折多塘 水准、基线/测距 - 1955年MS7 1/2
), ArticleFig(id=1322566968016744552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鲜水河特征地震破裂段与跨断层场地布设

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分段 序号 破裂段名称 段长/km 跨断层观测场地 观测手段 相邻段重叠量/km 最近特征地震
鲜水河1 炉霍 90 侏倭、格鲁、虚墟、虾拉沱
虾拉沱
水准、基线/测距
蠕变
201973年MS7.6
2 倡促梁子 50 恰叫 蠕变 1923年MS7 1/4
3 道孚 45 道孚
沟普
水准
水准、基线/测距、蠕变
10 1981年MS6.9
4 松林口-乾宁 50 龙灯坝、老乾宁 水准、基线/测距、蠕变 1893年MS7.0
雅拉河 5 雅拉河 40 - - - 1700年MS7.0
色拉哈- 磨西6 大炮山 45 - -101748年MS6.5
7 木格措 40 榆林 水准、基线/测距 1725年MS7 1/4
8 磨西 80 田湾
安顺场
水准、基线/测距
水准
15 2022年MS6.8
折多塘 9 折多塘 30 折多塘 水准、基线/测距 - 1955年MS7 1/2
), ArticleFig(id=1322566968331317353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Basic data of deformation measurement sites across fault in Xianshuihe fault zone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地名称斜角直线 直交测线 断层产状
边名 夹角/(°) 边长/m 边名 夹角/(°) 边长/m
侏倭 AB 129.374 164.022 AC 40.063 283.136 N45°W/NE∠75°~80°
格蒌 CA 129.624 96.738 AB 81.755 72.209 N40°W/SW∠80°
格鲁 BA 147.011 117.699 AC 59.268 151.696 N55°W/NE∠80°
虚墟 AB 139.368 227.557 AC 52.899 244.598 N40°W/NE∠80°
虾拉沱 AB 151.716 216.619 AC 99.058 145.295 N50°W/NE∠70°
沟普 AC 50.728 96.502 AB 104.549 119.604 N48°W/NE∠60°~80°
龙灯坝 AB 129.551 74.211 AD 33.526 68.381 N45°W/SW∠65°
老乾宁 G53 38.107 194.839 G13 74.716 172.123 N35°~45°W/NE∠65°~75°
老乾宁 BD 32.014 325.418 AD 54.901 271.971 N35°~45°W/NE∠65°~75°
虾拉沱蠕变 7-3 144.659 79.334 1-3 79.611 41.180 N45°~55°W/SE∠60°~80°
恰叫蠕变 2-1 132.484 29.594 3-1 68.822 20.975 N45°~70°W/SE∠60°~85°
沟普蠕变 1-2 147.875 30.371 1-3 99.666 19.181 N50°W/NE∠60°W
龙灯坝蠕变 1-3 39.275 26.717 1-2 98.768 20.357 N36°W/SW∠38°
老乾宁蠕变 2-1 146.438 33.315 3-1 99.587 22.494 N30°W/NE∠75°
), ArticleFig(id=1322566968486506602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鲜水河断裂带跨断层形变测量场地基础资料

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场地名称斜角直线 直交测线 断层产状
边名 夹角/(°) 边长/m 边名 夹角/(°) 边长/m
侏倭 AB 129.374 164.022 AC 40.063 283.136 N45°W/NE∠75°~80°
格蒌 CA 129.624 96.738 AB 81.755 72.209 N40°W/SW∠80°
格鲁 BA 147.011 117.699 AC 59.268 151.696 N55°W/NE∠80°
虚墟 AB 139.368 227.557 AC 52.899 244.598 N40°W/NE∠80°
虾拉沱 AB 151.716 216.619 AC 99.058 145.295 N50°W/NE∠70°
沟普 AC 50.728 96.502 AB 104.549 119.604 N48°W/NE∠60°~80°
龙灯坝 AB 129.551 74.211 AD 33.526 68.381 N45°W/SW∠65°
老乾宁 G53 38.107 194.839 G13 74.716 172.123 N35°~45°W/NE∠65°~75°
老乾宁 BD 32.014 325.418 AD 54.901 271.971 N35°~45°W/NE∠65°~75°
虾拉沱蠕变 7-3 144.659 79.334 1-3 79.611 41.180 N45°~55°W/SE∠60°~80°
恰叫蠕变 2-1 132.484 29.594 3-1 68.822 20.975 N45°~70°W/SE∠60°~85°
沟普蠕变 1-2 147.875 30.371 1-3 99.666 19.181 N50°W/NE∠60°W
龙灯坝蠕变 1-3 39.275 26.717 1-2 98.768 20.357 N36°W/SW∠38°
老乾宁蠕变 2-1 146.438 33.315 3-1 99.587 22.494 N30°W/NE∠75°
), ArticleFig(id=1322566968570392683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Movement rate and activity characteristics of five fault segments of Xianshuihe river

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断裂段 跨断层场地 观测时段 活动性质 断层走滑速率/mm·a-1 断层垂直速率/mm·a-1
北西段炉霍段侏倭 1982—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.90 +0.63
格蒌 1982—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -0.36 -0.15
虚墟 1982—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -0.15 -0.1
虾拉沱 1989—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -2.86 -0.27
虾拉沱蠕变 1991—2024年 左旋 -0.35 -
道孚段 恰叫蠕变 1991—2024年 右旋 +0.09 -
沟普 1984—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -0.97 -0.29
沟普蠕变 1989—2024年 左旋 -0.58 -
道孚 2018—2024年 正断层活动 - +0.39
乾宁段 龙灯坝 1982—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.03 +0.02
龙灯坝蠕变 1989—2024年 左旋 -0.01 -
老乾宁 1982—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.04 +0.05
老乾宁蠕变 1990—2024年 左旋 -0.06 -
南东段色拉哈-磨西段榆林 2018—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.12 +0.07
安顺场 1978—2024年 正断层活动 - +0.26
折多塘段 折多塘 1985—2024年 右旋,逆断层活动 +0.2 -0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1322566968683638892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566958227238952, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鲜水河5个断裂段运动速率及活动性质

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断裂段 跨断层场地 观测时段 活动性质 断层走滑速率/mm·a-1 断层垂直速率/mm·a-1
北西段炉霍段侏倭 1982—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.90 +0.63
格蒌 1982—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -0.36 -0.15
虚墟 1982—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -0.15 -0.1
虾拉沱 1989—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -2.86 -0.27
虾拉沱蠕变 1991—2024年 左旋 -0.35 -
道孚段 恰叫蠕变 1991—2024年 右旋 +0.09 -
沟普 1984—2024年 左旋,逆断层活动 -0.97 -0.29
沟普蠕变 1989—2024年 左旋 -0.58 -
道孚 2018—2024年 正断层活动 - +0.39
乾宁段 龙灯坝 1982—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.03 +0.02
龙灯坝蠕变 1989—2024年 左旋 -0.01 -
老乾宁 1982—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.04 +0.05
老乾宁蠕变 1990—2024年 左旋 -0.06 -
南东段色拉哈-磨西段榆林 2018—2024年 左旋,正断层活动 -0.12 +0.07
安顺场 1978—2024年 正断层活动 - +0.26
折多塘段 折多塘 1985—2024年 右旋,逆断层活动 +0.2 -0.02
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基于形变观测分析鲜水河断裂带现今运动分段特征
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张文 1 , 王伟力 1 , 罗宇 1 , 温军军 1 , 彭丽媛 1 , 马伶俐 1 , 舒东林 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(3): 327-334
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (3) : 327 -334
基于形变观测分析鲜水河断裂带现今运动分段特征
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张文1 , 王伟力1, 罗宇1, 温军军1, 彭丽媛1, 马伶俐1, 舒东林1
作者信息
  • 1 四川省地震局地壳形变观测中心, 雅安, 625000
作者简介:

张文, 助理工程师, 主要从事跨断层形变与地震研究, E-mail:

Segmentation Characteristics of Current Movement of Xianshuihe Fault Zone Based on Deformation Observation
Wen ZHANG1 , Weili WANG1, Yu LUO1, Junjun WEN1, Liyuan PENG1, Lingli MA1, Donglin SHU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Crustal Deformation Monitoring Center of Sichuan Earthquake Agency, Ya'an 625000, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.04.110
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基于构造特征将鲜水河断裂带划分为炉霍、道孚、乾宁、折多塘、康定-磨西5段,通过跨断层水准、基线/测距及水平蠕变多源观测数据,定量揭示各段水平滑动速率及运动学特征。研究表明,1982—2024年鲜水河断裂带整体以左旋走滑为主导模式,炉霍段侏倭和虾拉沱走滑速率为-0.9 mm/a和-2.86 mm/a,累积走滑量达40 mm和130 mm,显著高于格鲁、虚墟站点活动强度;道孚-乾宁段沟普和沟普蠕变站走滑速率为-0.97 mm/a和-0.58 mm/a,累积位移量呈线性增长趋势;龙灯坝与老乾宁站的水平位移量级较小,局部断裂带呈弱左旋活动。康定-磨西段折多塘观测场地显示+0.2 mm/a的右旋走滑,榆林观测场地则保持-0.12 mm/a的稳定左旋走滑,其形变存在显著季节性波动(振幅约1.5~2.3 mm),安顺场观测场地跨断层水准测量显示持续张性正断层活动,运动趋势线性度分别达到0.933和0.824。分段对比结果表明,北西段活动强度明显高于南东段,垂直运动表现为北段逆冲与南段正断层活动呈构造反转。分段差异与断层几何结构、介质物理性质有关;北西段转换层介质强度可能低于南东段,易触发滑动,导致较短地震复发周期;结合区域应力场发现,不同时期鲜水河断裂带闭锁程度发生了改变,表现为北西段较南东段断层更为活跃,闭锁较弱。同时,汶川MS8.0、芦山MS7.0及泸定MS6.9地震后,巴颜喀拉地块向四川盆地挤压运动速率加快,影响了鲜水河断裂的远场左旋走滑速率和断层滑动亏损积累速率,进而导致鲜水河断裂带上各分段的应力应变积累速率差异。

鲜水河断裂带  /  跨断层  /  水平蠕变  /  运动学参数  /  左旋走滑

Based on the structural characteristics of the Xianshuihe fault zone, this study divides the five sections of Luhuo, Daofu, Qianning, Zheduotang, and Kangding-Moxi, and quantitatively reveals the horizontal slip rate and kinematic characteristics of each section through multi-source observation data of cross-fault leveling, baseline/ranging, and horizontal creep. The results show that the whole Xianshuihe fault zone is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip mode from 1982 to 2024. The strike-slip rates of Juwo and Xialatuo in Luhuo section are -0.9 mm/a and -2.86 mm/a, and the cumulative strike-slip displacements are 40 mm and 130 mm, which are significantly higher than the activity intensity of Gelu and Xuxu stations. The strike-slip rates of Goupu and Goupu creep stations in Daofu-Qianning section are -0.97 mm/a and -0.58 mm/a, and the cumulative displacement shows a linear growth trend. The horizontal displacement of Longdengba and Laoganning stations is small, and the local fault zone is weakly sinistral. The Zheduotang observation site in the Kangding-Moxi section shows a +0.2 mm/a dextral strike-slip, while the Yulin observation site maintains a stable left-lateral strike-slip of -0.12 mm/a, and its deformation has significant seasonal fluctuations (amplitude of about 1.5 mm to 2.3 mm). The cross-fault leveling of the Anshun site shows continuous tensile normal fault activity, and the linearity of the movement trend reaches 0.933 and 0.824, respectively.The results of segmented comparison show that the activity intensity of the northwestern section is significantly higher than that of the southeastern section, and the vertical movement shows that the thrust of the northern section and the normal fault activity of the southern section are structural inversion. The segmentation difference is related to the fault geometry and the physical properties of the medium. The medium strength of the conversion layer in the northwest section may be lower than that in the southeast section, which is easy to trigger slip and lead to shorter earthquake recurrence period. Combined with the regional stress field, it is found that the locking degree of the Xianshuihe fault zone has changed in different periods, showing that the fault in the northwest section is more active than that in the southeast section, and the locking is weak. At the same time, after the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake, and the Luding MS6.9 earthquake, the extrusion rate of the Bayan Har block to the Sichuan basin accelerated, which affected the far-field left-lateral strike-slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault and the accumulation rate of fault slip deficit, which in turn led to the difference in the stress and strain accumulation rate of each segment on the Xianshuihe fault zone.

Xianshuihe fault zone  /  cross fault  /  horizontal creep  /  kinematic parameters  /  left-lateral strike-slip
张文, 王伟力, 罗宇, 温军军, 彭丽媛, 马伶俐, 舒东林. 基于形变观测分析鲜水河断裂带现今运动分段特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (3) : 327 -334 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.04.110
Wen ZHANG, Weili WANG, Yu LUO, Junjun WEN, Liyuan PENG, Lingli MA, Donglin SHU. Segmentation Characteristics of Current Movement of Xianshuihe Fault Zone Based on Deformation Observation[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (3) : 327 -334 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.04.110
四川西部的鲜水河-安宁河-则木河断裂带是我国大陆一条大型走滑活动断裂带,作为川滇断块东侧边界的一部分,具有强烈的地震活动性[1]。其中,鲜水河断裂带全长约350 km,宽约200 m,主要由5条重要的次级断裂构成,包括鲜水河断裂、雅拉河断裂、色拉哈断裂、折多塘断裂及磨西断裂等地质单元[2],从北至南分为炉霍段、道孚段、乾宁段、康定段和磨西段[3],其断错地貌广泛发育,被惠远寺拉分为北西段和南东段[4]。断裂带北西段几何结构相对简单,主要包括以老乾宁向北西延伸的鲜水河断裂,长约200 km,断层行迹相对连续简单,属于“单一型”几何结构[5];南东段自八美向南至康定一带呈现复杂的抑制弯曲,并形成多条平行分支[6-8],这些分支断裂继续向南会聚成磨西断裂附近的NW向鲜水河断裂带、NE向龙门山断裂带及近SN向安宁河-则木河断裂带,控制着川滇块体东边界的断层活动。
18世纪初至今监测数据显示,鲜水河断裂带累计发生5.0级以上地震逾50次,其中包含15次6.0~6.9级中强震及8次7.0级以上大地震,除雅拉河断裂外,整条断裂带都发生过破裂[9]。汶川MS8.0特大地震之后,芦山MS7.0、康定MS6.3、九寨沟MS7.0及泸定MS6.8等地震均发生在巴颜喀拉块体边界断裂带上,呈现较为显著的调整活动[10]。研究发现,中强震复发周期约为31 a甚至更短[11],可能存在以16 a为周期的强震活动[12],而八美镇-康定市区域近期强震活动较少[13],可能与各分段的几何结构、断层面介质的物理性质有关。分析发现,鲜水河断裂带存在显著的地震活跃幕(1700—1816年、1893年至今),其时空分布特征与区域构造活动响应呈高度耦合性,该断裂带孕震潜势和强震风险值得重点关注。
20世纪八九十年代,为研究川滇块体断层活动特征,四川省地震局地壳形变观测中心在“三岔口”及附近地区布设了多个跨断层形变测点。鲜水河断裂带上的水准、基线/测距观测场地由北向南具体见表 1,其中水准观测采用DNA03(徕卡),水准标尺采用3 m条码式因瓦标尺,基线测量采用24 m长的因瓦基线尺,测距使用徕卡TM50型全站仪,配合徕卡GPR1型号金属外壳棱镜。共建有虾拉沱、恰叫、沟普、龙灯坝、老乾宁和紫马垮6个动态蠕变台站,台阵建设采用软连结构延长巷、坑道使用寿命,以加固和深埋仪器墩确保与基底的耦合性能。巷、坑道分别被覆盖在地面2~4 m以下,以减少环境噪声干扰,按与断层主断面正交和斜交(所夹锐角介于30°~35°)布设仪器以获得断层活动的法向和切向分量,本质上均为断层近场的基线测量。产出数据为日值,目前已积累超过35 a历史数据。
在形变综合场地监测系统设计中采用双基线测距网络与水准测量结合的观测模式:2组测距基线分别按斜交和正交方案布设于断层带两侧,配套短水准测量标志与测距控制点形成共址观测单元。表 2为鲜水河断裂带跨断层形变监测场地的基础信息数据集,包括场地布设参数与断层特征;其中正交基线对走滑分量敏感,而斜交基线则能有效捕捉倾滑运动特征,为断层活动的性质判定提供重要依据。
对于布设有2条基线/测距和水准的综合观测场地,断层各分量与测线之间的关系[14]可表述为:设测线与断层夹角为a(定义为由断层走向逆时针转动至基线方向的角度),ΔS为基线/测距伸缩量,ΔH为水准变化量,d为断层水平扭错量,b为断层两盘水平张压活动量,c为断层两盘的垂直变化量,k为各曲线斜率,k>0表示右旋、张性、正断层活动,反之则表示断层活动性质相反。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}d=\frac{\Delta S_1 \sin a_2-\Delta S_2 \sin a_1}{\cos a_1 \sin a_2-\sin a_1 \cos a_2} \\b=\frac{\Delta S_1-d \cos a_1}{\sin a_1} \\c=\frac{1}{2}\left(\Delta H_1+\Delta H_2\right)\end{array}\right.$
鲜水河断裂带北西段布设有8处跨断层形变测量场地和5处动态蠕变台站,断裂带北西段又分为炉霍段、道孚段、乾宁段。南东段布设有3处跨断层形变测量场地,分别布设在色拉哈-磨西段、折多塘段,其中折多塘场地只有1条斜交基线;其他均为水准观测场地,整体呈较好的线性展布。鲜水河断裂带不同区段的构造活动特征存在显著差异。炉霍地区分布侏倭、格鲁、虚墟、虾拉沱4个跨断层形变监测点及虾拉沱蠕变监测站,其中侏倭和虾拉沱测点分别记录到-0.9 mm/a和-2.86 mm/a的显著左旋走滑速率,而格鲁与虾拉沱蠕变站点的水平滑动速率相对平缓,虚墟测点则呈最弱活动特征。该区域整体呈左旋走滑为主兼具逆冲运动的构造特性。道孚地区监测数据显示,沟普和沟普蠕变站分别测得-0.97 mm/a和-0.58 mm/a的左旋位移速率,恰叫测点则呈微弱右旋特征,道孚水准观测场地记录到+0.39 mm/a的上升速率,表现为正断层活动。相邻的乾宁段设有2处形变和蠕变观测站,但各测点记录的水平和垂直位移速率均处于极低水平。折多塘段是色拉哈-康定断裂西南侧一条规模较小的断裂[15],因川藏铁路施工扰动(2020—2024年集中影响期)导致监测数据波动,现有基线测量显示+0.2 mm/a右旋走滑,配合水准观测揭示的逆冲运动特征。东南段主干断裂系统中,色拉哈段综合监测数据显示左旋走滑伴随逆冲活动,磨西段安顺场水准测量记录到+0.26 mm/a的上升速率,表现为正断层活动迹象。具体见表 3。
为明确鲜水河断裂带现今构造活动的空间差异性,图 1展示了断层三维运动参数的时序演化特征。炉霍段水平位移分析显示,该区具有持续左旋走滑特性,累积位移呈线性增长趋势。具体而言,侏倭与虾拉沱站点分别达到40 mm和130 mm的位移量,显著高于格鲁、虚墟站点的活动强度(图 1(a))。形变参数对比显示:水平应变方面,虾拉沱呈挤压状态,其余3个站点均表现为拉张特性(图 1(c));垂直运动方面,格鲁、虚墟及虾拉沱呈逆冲运动,而侏倭呈正断层活动,其中侏倭(25 mm)与虾拉沱(15 mm)的垂向位移量远超其他站点(图 1(e)),这种参数组合揭示了炉霍段内部不同构造部位的力学行为分异特征。道孚-乾宁段构造活动的三维运动分析表明,该区不同观测点呈现显著差异。水平位移特征方面,沟普站展现出明确的左旋走滑特性,累积位移量呈持续线性增长趋势;而龙灯坝与老乾宁站的水平位移量级较小,反映局部断裂带的左旋活动较弱(图 1(b))。应变状态对比显示:沟普断层具有显著拉张特征,老乾宁表现为弱张性活动,龙灯坝则呈轻微挤压状态(图 1(d))。垂向运动特征方面,沟普断层整体呈现逆冲运动模式(图 1(f)),但2018年前受地下径流系统变动影响曾出现异常反向活动。受长期数据缺失影响,道孚水准站采用2018年后的连续观测数据,揭示其正断层活动特性。此外,龙灯坝与老乾宁的垂直形变速率均处于较低水平,其中老乾宁各向活动速率略高于龙灯坝。这种空间分异特征与区域断裂系统的分段活动息息相关,也为理解区域断裂系统的分段活动机制提供了关键依据。
相较于结构较为简单的北西段,南东段整体结构较为复杂,表现为由若干分支断层组成的复杂结构[2],这也导致观测场地处的断裂活动与鲜水河断裂带其他次级断裂存在细微差别。折多塘观测场地显示+0.2 mm/a的右旋走滑(邻近川藏铁路施工区),其三维运动模式在2021年发生突变:水平运动由弱左旋转为右旋(图 2(b)),垂直运动由正断层活动逆转为逆冲(抬升0.02 mm,图 2(a));榆林观测场地则保持-0.12 mm/a的稳定左旋走滑(图 2(c)),但其形变存在显著季节性波动(振幅约1.5~2.3 mm)。安顺场观测场地跨断层水准测量呈持续张性正断层活动(图 2(d)),运动趋势线性度分别达到0.933和0.824。这种构造复杂性导致同段落不同监测点呈现逆冲、正断等差异运动模式,反映深部应力场与浅表构造响应的非均匀耦合机制。
图 3为鲜水河断裂带北西段中炉霍、道孚、乾宁段所布设的蠕变台水平走滑速率和水平张压量的时空演化分布。结果显示,鲜水河断裂带北西段多组水平蠕变参数时序曲线呈稳定线性趋势,局部时段出现速率异常波动,可能与构造活动或应力变化存在时空相关性。
从水平扭错量来看,恰叫、老乾宁、龙灯坝蠕变台活动速率较慢,除恰叫呈微弱右旋运动性质外,老乾宁、龙灯坝蠕变台均呈微弱左旋运动性质(图 3(a));虾拉沱、沟普蠕变台则呈较大速率的左旋运动性质,与图 1(a)中虾拉沱跨断层观测分析结果一致;从跨断层观测结果的分段特征来看,恰叫运动速率远低于道孚段整体(图 3(a)),老乾宁、龙灯坝蠕变台的运动特征与其所对应的跨断层观测场地观测结果也是一致的,整体表现为弱左旋走滑运动特征(图 3(a))。从水平张压量来看,虾拉沱、恰叫表现为张性的运动特征,而沟普、龙灯坝、老乾宁表现为压性的运动特征(图 3(b))。对比跨断层观测结果来看,虾拉沱、老乾宁跨断层观测结果与蠕变观测结果呈相反活动性质;值得注意的是,恰叫、龙灯坝、老乾宁的水平扭错速率较低,但水平张压活动明显高于同期跨断层观测结果(图 1(d)和3(b))。
跨断层形变观测资料的断层三维运动学参数和水平蠕变观测资料的运动学特征表明,鲜水河断裂带北西段呈较好的线性展布,断层活动参数时间序列曲线在观测期内具有较明显的线性运动特征;观测期内以左旋走滑运动为主,总体上炉霍段活动速率大于道孚段,乾宁段最微弱。垂直升降表现为炉霍、道孚段主要以逆断层活动为主,乾宁段主要为正断层活动。水平蠕变的运动学特征与同时期所对应的跨断层观测场地观测结果存在差别,恰叫呈微弱右旋运动性质,远低于道孚段整体活动速率;虾拉沱、老乾宁水平张压量观测结果表现为压性、张性活动性质,与蠕变观测结果相反。针对各分段运动学差异的研究结果认为,具有不同几何结构的断层系有不同的变形物理场演化图像[16],这种断层活动的分段特征也可能与不同断层面介质的物理性质有关,断裂北段和道孚段转换层的介质强度可能低于南段,滑移在出现诱因的情况下很容易发生,因此地震的复发周期也相对较短[17-18]。李铁明等[19]分析认为,在早期无探槽资料的情况下,恰叫蠕变测站可能只跨过了1923年7.3级地震地裂缝,而随着地震离逝时间的增长,其活动性逐渐趋弱;杨永林等[20]分析认为,老乾宁附近区域的地震破裂始终未能贯通,或许这是一“永久性障碍体”,或许在一定深度处为“柔性结构”地层,能“缓冲”或“吸收”来自深处的能量,导致地表破裂未能贯通。
根据赵静等[21]最优模型得到的1999—2007期和2013—2017期2期鲜水河断裂闭锁程度空间动态变化分布可知[22],图 1(a)北西段侏倭-道孚附近基本处于蠕滑状态,只有炉霍东南部一段断层地表至5 km深度最大闭锁程度约为0.73。值得注意的是,在汶川MS8.0地震发生前,南东段八美-磨西区域呈现出显著的深部闭锁特征,其闭锁深度延伸至断层模型基底。道孚-八美区段则表现出分层闭锁现象:地表至10 km深度处存在高强度闭锁,而10 km以下至模型基底闭锁程度呈指数衰减,最终过渡为无滑动亏损状态,这一现象与同期跨断层监测数据具有良好的一致性。对比分析结果[21]显示,在经历汶川和芦山2次强震后,八美-磨西段的构造状态发生显著转变,由原先的深层闭锁演变为无滑动亏损和能量积累状态。监测数据表明,2次地震事件导致鲜水河断裂带整体闭锁范围缩减,其中炉霍和道孚段水平张压活动强度较震前提升约30%~45%(图 1(c)、1(d)和1(b))。值得关注的是,道孚-八美段闭锁区域的缩小直接导致该区段垂直运动速率产生突变式增长,监测数据显示其垂向位移速率较震前提升约2.3倍(图 1(f))。由运动学参数对比可见,炉霍和道孚段的水平扭错速率显著高于乾宁段(图 1(b))及康定-磨西段(图 2(b)和2(c)),这种差异在垂直运动分量上同样存在。定量分析表明,这种运动学特征的时空演变揭示了区域构造应力场的动态调整过程。
综合看来,北西段侏倭-道孚附近在震后闭锁程度变化较小,基本还处于蠕滑状态;只有炉霍东南部一段断层地表至10 km深度处闭锁稍有增强;GPS速度场反演所得鲜水河断裂闭锁程度与跨断层观测结果具有较好的一致性,都表明鲜水河断裂北西段断层较为活跃,闭锁较弱;鲜水河断裂南东段断层活动较弱,闭锁较强,且汶川MS8.0和芦山MS7.0地震对鲜水河断裂,尤其是南东段的运动变形和应力应变能积累所产生的影响依然在持续。汶川MS8.0和芦山MS7.0地震后,巴颜喀拉地块向四川盆地的挤压运动速率加快,影响了鲜水河断裂带远场左旋走滑速率和断层滑动亏损积累速率[23],进而导致鲜水河断裂带上各分段的应力应变积累速率差异。
通过形变观测分析鲜水河断裂带现今运动分段特征,获得以下认识:
1) 鲜水河断裂带北西段活动强度明显高于南东段,整体表现为左旋走滑伴随张性-逆冲复合运动,参数时序演化呈现准线性趋势。分段运动表现为,炉霍段走滑速率高于道孚段,乾宁段多在0值附近波动,断层几乎处于闭锁状态,折多塘、康定-磨西段中折多塘观测场地显示+0.2 mm/a的右旋走滑,榆林观测场地则保持-0.12 mm/a的稳定左旋走滑,但其形变存在显著季节性波动(振幅约为1.5~2.3 mm),安顺场观测场地跨断层水准测量显示持续张性正断层活动,运动趋势线性度分别达到0.933和0.824。
2) 断层的几何结构对其形变特征具有显著控制作用。一方面,不同几何结构的断裂系统往往呈现出差异化的形变特征和演化序列。同时,断层活动的分段性特征也受控于断层面介质的物理属性,其中断裂北段和道孚段的断层面介质强度相对低于南段。此外,乾宁拉分区的深部可能存在结构性障碍体,通过障碍体柔性结构耗散深部积累的应力,从而抑制了破裂向地表的贯通传播。
3) 结合区域应力场发现,不同时期鲜水河断裂带闭锁程度变化不明显,表现为鲜水河断裂北西段较南东段更为活跃,闭锁较弱,基本为蠕滑状态。同时,汶川MS8.0、芦山MS7.0和泸定MS6.9地震后,巴颜喀拉地块向四川盆地的挤压运动速率加快,影响了鲜水河断裂的远场左旋走滑速率和断层滑动亏损积累速率,进而导致鲜水河断裂带上各分段的应力应变积累速率差异。
  • 四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2516)
  • 四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2420)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.04.110
  • 接收时间:2025-04-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-04
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四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2516)
四川省地震局地震科技专项(LY2420)
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    1 四川省地震局地壳形变观测中心, 雅安, 625000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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