Article(id=1322566795437921254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566763112415546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.01.593, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735833600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254096134, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254096134, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254096134, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254096134, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566763112415546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='138', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254088427, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254088427, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=17, endPage=25, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322566795626664935, articleId=1322566795437921254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Performance Evaluation of BDS-3/Galileo Multi-Frequency Single Point Positioning Based on Ionosphere-Free Combination, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The BDS-3 and Galileo both provide five-frequency signal services. To fully utilize the multi-frequency signal data, a BDS-3/Galileo multi-frequency single point positioning (SPP) model based on the ionosphere-free combination is established, and the multi-frequency ionosphere-free combination coefficients are determined. Data from 48 multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) stations are selected to systematically evaluate the performance of multi-frequency pseudorange SPP based on the ionosphere-free combination. The experimental results show that multi-frequency combined observations help to improve the SPP positioning accuracy of the BDS-3, Galileo, and BDS-3/Galileo systems. Compared with three-frequency SPP positioning, the positioning accuracy of four-frequency and five-frequency SPP has been improved to varying degrees. The improvement is most significant for the BDS-3 system. For the BDS-3 three-frequency SPP positioning, the RMS mean values in the E, N, U directions are 0.56 m, 0.59 m, 1.46 m, respectively, while the RMS mean values for four-frequency and five-frequency positioning are similar, at 0.53 m, 0.55 m, 1.40 m and 0.52 m, 0.55 m, 1.38 m, respectively. Compared with the single BDS-3 and Galileo systems, the five-frequency SPP positioning accuracy of the BDS-3/Galileo combined system has increased by 30.8%, 29.1%, 25.4% and 28.0%, 30.4%, 25.9%, respectively.
, authors=Jian CHEN
1, 2, 3, Biao DONG
1, 2, 3, *, Xingwang ZHAO
1, 2, 3, Chao LIU
1, 2, 3, authorsList=Jian CHEN, Biao DONG, Xingwang ZHAO, Chao LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Biao DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322566797639930874, articleId=1322566795437921254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于无电离层组合的BDS-3/Galileo多频单点定位模型及性能评估, columnId=1281909276545356011, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
BDS-3和Galileo均可以提供5频信号服务。为充分利用多频信号数据,建立基于无电离层组合的BDS-3/Galileo多频单点定位模型,确定多频无电离层组合系数;选取48个多模GNSS实验(multi-GNSS experiment, MGEX)跟踪网测站数据,系统评估基于无电离层组合的多频伪距单点定位(SPP)性能。实验结果表明,多频组合观测值有助于提升BDS-3、Galileo及BDS-3/Galileo系统SPP定位精度,相较于3频SPP定位,4频、5频SPP定位精度均有不同程度提升。其中多频组合对BDS-3系统提升最为明显,在E、N、U方向上,BDS-3三频SPP定位RMS均值分别为0.56 m、0.59 m、1.46 m, 而4频和5频RMS均值相近,分别为0.53 m、0.55 m、1.40 m和0.52 m、0.55 m、1.38 m。相比BDS-3、Galileo单系统,BDS-3/Galileo组合系统5频SPP定位精度分别提高30.8%、29.1%、25.4%和28.0%、30.4%、25.9%。
, authors=陈健
1, 2, 3, 董彪
1, 2, 3, *, 赵兴旺
1, 2, 3, 刘超
1, 2, 3, authorsList=陈健, 董彪, 赵兴旺, 刘超, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=董彪, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=
版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=A+sRuZyPgcmvVdLWNPR0Xw==, magXml=fC580b42E7f7j19Wq5dr7Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=R8yXB4Q13F6algJPHMdpOw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dcDMUpTzVVpn3RfCiHbZjA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322566798113886212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=CJ_19930815@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566798210355208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798113886212, language=EN, stringName=Jian CHEN, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China
3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322566798281658377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798113886212, language=CN, stringName=陈健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001
2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001
3 矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 淮南, 232001, bio={"content":"
陈健, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为GNSS精密定位, E-mail: CJ_19930815@163.com
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陈健, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为GNSS精密定位, E-mail: CJ_19930815@163.com
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1, 2, 3, *, address=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China
3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322566798554288144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798373933067, language=CN, stringName=董彪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, *, address=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001
2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001
3 矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 淮南, 232001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322566797866423291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797874811900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797866423291, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797883200509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797866423291, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322566797954503678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797962892287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797954503678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797971280896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797954503678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322566798030000128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566798038388737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566798030000128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566798042583042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566798030000128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 淮南, 232001)])]), Author(id=1322566798633979922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566798734643222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798633979922, language=EN, stringName=Xingwang ZHAO, firstName=Xingwang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China
3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322566798818529303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798633979922, language=CN, stringName=赵兴旺, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001
2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001
3 矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 淮南, 232001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322566797866423291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797874811900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797866423291, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797883200509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797866423291, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322566797954503678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797962892287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797954503678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797971280896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797954503678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322566798030000128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566798038388737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566798030000128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566798042583042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566798030000128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 淮南, 232001)])]), Author(id=1322566798898221081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566798982107165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798898221081, language=EN, stringName=Chao LIU, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China
3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322566799061798942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, authorId=1322566798898221081, language=CN, stringName=刘超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001
2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001
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93 (4): 473- 487, articleTitle=GPS Inter-Frequency Clock Bias Estimation for both Uncombined and Ionospheric-Free Combined Triple-Frequency Precise Point Positioning, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322566802153001029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, awardId=13200385, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽理工大学高层次人才科研启动基金(13200385), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322566802228498502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, awardId=2024JBQN0026, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽理工大学青年科技基金(2024JBQN0026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322566802299801671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, awardId=KLAHEI202301, language=CN, fundingSource=矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室开放基金重点项目(KLAHEI202301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322566802358521928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, awardId=2408085MD100, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省自然科学基金(2408085MD100), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322566802425630793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, awardId=2208085MD101, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省自然科学基金(2208085MD101), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322566802488545354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, awardId=2108085QD171, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省自然科学基金(2108085QD171), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322566797866423291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797874811900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797866423291, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797883200509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797866423291, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 淮南, 232001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322566797954503678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797962892287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797954503678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566797971280896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566797954503678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 淮南, 232001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322566798030000128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566798038388737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566798030000128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Huainan 232001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322566798042583042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, companyId=1322566798030000128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 淮南, 232001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322566799925825577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Distribution of MGEX stations, figureFileSmall=uJAPKAQyvuPTWyVQT0uyPw==, figureFileBig=R8yXB4Q13F6algJPHMdpOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566799984545834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
MGEX测站分布, figureFileSmall=uJAPKAQyvuPTWyVQT0uyPw==, figureFileBig=R8yXB4Q13F6algJPHMdpOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800185872427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
The average number of visible satellites and PDOP values of each station, figureFileSmall=asZEorTb4/gCgsowp88lAw==, figureFileBig=ahEhqfeVZx5HK/Bj5lw5rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800261369900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
各测站平均可见卫星数及PDOP值, figureFileSmall=asZEorTb4/gCgsowp88lAw==, figureFileBig=ahEhqfeVZx5HK/Bj5lw5rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800328478765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Coordinate deviation and RMS values of IF3-SPP, IF4-SPP, and IF5-SPP positioning in the E, N, U directions for each system, figureFileSmall=QFBKAVJ8MQ7Ff/2h3YbwPw==, figureFileBig=XPTIrFpnZyfAeSHpXg7www==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800408170542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
各系统IF3-SPP、IF4-SPP及IF5-SPP定位在E、N、U三个方向的坐标偏差及RMS值, figureFileSmall=QFBKAVJ8MQ7Ff/2h3YbwPw==, figureFileBig=XPTIrFpnZyfAeSHpXg7www==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800466890799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
RMS values of IF3-SPP in the E, N, U directions for BDS-3, Galileo, and BDS-3/Galileo systems, figureFileSmall=6AdkKnDN/joYDhbJEZWUCQ==, figureFileBig=95KFuvsBymY2LatNbzltvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800533999664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
BDS-3、Galileo及BDS-3/Galileo系统IF3-SPP在E、N、U三个方向的RMS值, figureFileSmall=6AdkKnDN/joYDhbJEZWUCQ==, figureFileBig=95KFuvsBymY2LatNbzltvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800601108529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
RMS values of IF4-SPP in the E, N, U directions for BDS-3, Galileo, and BDS-3/Galileo systems, figureFileSmall=Pyn0sRAXo4hJar2rB70e8g==, figureFileBig=UfCYEWCIX2gmtf7jAwvkdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800668217394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
BDS-3、Galileo及BDS-3/Galileo系统IF4-SPP在E、N、U三个方向的RMS值, figureFileSmall=Pyn0sRAXo4hJar2rB70e8g==, figureFileBig=UfCYEWCIX2gmtf7jAwvkdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800731131955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
RMS values of IF5-SPP in the E, N, U directions for BDS-3, Galileo, and BDS-3/Galileo systems, figureFileSmall=cw/tWhkKKLF0sPrtUFKtlQ==, figureFileBig=zi/DkVYA3RIt315pBlItKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800802435124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
BDS-3、Galileo及BDS-3/Galileo系统IF5-SPP在E、N、U三个方向的RMS值, figureFileSmall=cw/tWhkKKLF0sPrtUFKtlQ==, figureFileBig=zi/DkVYA3RIt315pBlItKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800873738293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
RMS values of IF5-SPP in the E, N, U directions of BDS-3 system in different latitude regions, figureFileSmall=KH9rWxfyOOJHogktd9J8ZQ==, figureFileBig=sktv6K6aCKBCj28EIVFoIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800928264246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同纬度区域BDS-3系统IF5-SPP在E、N、U三个方向的RMS值, figureFileSmall=KH9rWxfyOOJHogktd9J8ZQ==, figureFileBig=sktv6K6aCKBCj28EIVFoIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566800991178807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
RMS values of IF5-SPP in the E, N, U directions of Galileo system in different latitude regions, figureFileSmall=B8P3Ua3vMVGc8puBxykq5w==, figureFileBig=W00cNydRY+4dMrS6VdBXLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566801054093368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同纬度区域Galileo系统IF5-SPP在E、N、U三个方向的RMS值, figureFileSmall=B8P3Ua3vMVGc8puBxykq5w==, figureFileBig=W00cNydRY+4dMrS6VdBXLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566801133785145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
RMS values of IF5-SPP in the E, N, U directions of BDS-3/Galileo system in different latitude regions, figureFileSmall=zidXZgAjX7OEgKXeLTDWww==, figureFileBig=NHp/JD31vm6rTNa79jIgtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566801217671226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
不同纬度区域BDS-3/Galileo系统IF5-SPP在E、N、U三个方向的RMS值, figureFileSmall=zidXZgAjX7OEgKXeLTDWww==, figureFileBig=NHp/JD31vm6rTNa79jIgtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566801297363003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
DCB correction parameters of the frequencies for BDS-3 and Galileo systems
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| BDS-3系统 | Galileo系统 |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $D_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{C}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{C}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $D_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $\begin{gathered}D_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{b}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)+ \\\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)\end{gathered}$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{b}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{b}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $\begin{gathered}D_{\mathrm{E} 5}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)+ \\\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)\end{gathered}$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 31}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 31}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=0$ | $\begin{gathered}D_{\mathrm{E} 6}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)+ \\\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 6}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)\end{gathered}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801368666172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
BDS-3、Galileo系统各自频率的DCB改正项参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| BDS-3系统 | Galileo系统 |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $D_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{C}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 1 \mathrm{C}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $D_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $\begin{gathered}D_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{b}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 a}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)+ \\\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)\end{gathered}$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{b}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 2 \mathrm{b}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}$ | $\begin{gathered}D_{\mathrm{E} 5}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)+ \\\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)\end{gathered}$ |
| $D_{\mathrm{B} 3 \mathrm{I}}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=d_{\mathrm{B} 31}^{s, \mathrm{C}}-d_{\mathrm{B} 31}^{s, \mathrm{C}}=0$ | $\begin{gathered}D_{\mathrm{E} 6}^{s, \mathrm{E}}=\frac{f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}{f_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{2}-f_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{2}}\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 5 \mathrm{a}}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)+ \\\left(d_{\mathrm{E} 6}^{s, \mathrm{E}}-d_{\mathrm{E} 1}^{s, \mathrm{E}}\right)\end{gathered}$ |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801465135165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Frequency combination and combination coefficients
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统 | 频率组合形式 | (a、b、c、d、e) |
| BDS-3 | B1C/B2a/B3I | (2.290 3、-1.196 5、-0.093 8) |
| B1C/B1I/B2a/B3I | (1.223 6、1.170 6、-1.057 8、-0.336 4) |
| B1C/B1I/B2a/B2b/B3I | (1.215 6、1.170 2、-0.742 4、-0.520 2、-0.123 2) |
| Galileo | E1/E5a/E5b | (2.315 0、-0.836 3、-0.478 7) |
| E1/E5a/E5b/E6 | (2.255 4、-0.903 6、-0.545 1、0.193 3) |
| E1/E5a/E5b/E5/E6 | (2.216 8、-0.679 7、-0.351 0、-0.512 2、0.326 1) |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801553215550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
频率组合形式及其组合系数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统 | 频率组合形式 | (a、b、c、d、e) |
| BDS-3 | B1C/B2a/B3I | (2.290 3、-1.196 5、-0.093 8) |
| B1C/B1I/B2a/B3I | (1.223 6、1.170 6、-1.057 8、-0.336 4) |
| B1C/B1I/B2a/B2b/B3I | (1.215 6、1.170 2、-0.742 4、-0.520 2、-0.123 2) |
| Galileo | E1/E5a/E5b | (2.315 0、-0.836 3、-0.478 7) |
| E1/E5a/E5b/E6 | (2.255 4、-0.903 6、-0.545 1、0.193 3) |
| E1/E5a/E5b/E5/E6 | (2.216 8、-0.679 7、-0.351 0、-0.512 2、0.326 1) |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801624518719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=
The processing strategy of multi-frequency SPP positioning
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 处理策略 |
| 伪距观测值 | BDS-3:C1X/C1P、C2I、C5X/C5P、C6I、C7D/C7Z Galileo:C1C/C1X、C6C/C6X、C5Q/C5X、C7Q/C7X、C8Q/C8X |
| 卫星系统 | BDS-3、Galileo、BDS-3/Galileo |
| 采样间隔 | 30 s |
| 截止高度角 | 10° |
| 随机模型 | 卫星高度角定权 |
| 估计方法 | 最小二乘估计 |
| 电离层延迟 | 无电离层组合 |
| 对流层延迟 | Saastamoinen模型 |
| 导航文件 | brdm产品 |
| 参考坐标 | IGS中心提供的日解坐标产品 |
| 卫星DCB产品 | 中科院机构提供的DCB产品 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801695821888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
多频SPP定位参数处理策略
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数 | 处理策略 |
| 伪距观测值 | BDS-3:C1X/C1P、C2I、C5X/C5P、C6I、C7D/C7Z Galileo:C1C/C1X、C6C/C6X、C5Q/C5X、C7Q/C7X、C8Q/C8X |
| 卫星系统 | BDS-3、Galileo、BDS-3/Galileo |
| 采样间隔 | 30 s |
| 截止高度角 | 10° |
| 随机模型 | 卫星高度角定权 |
| 估计方法 | 最小二乘估计 |
| 电离层延迟 | 无电离层组合 |
| 对流层延迟 | Saastamoinen模型 |
| 导航文件 | brdm产品 |
| 参考坐标 | IGS中心提供的日解坐标产品 |
| 卫星DCB产品 | 中科院机构提供的DCB产品 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801762930753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=
The RMS average and improvement rate of dual-frequency and multi-frequency SPP positioning accuracy of each system
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 系统 | RMS均值/m | | 提高率/% |
| E | N | U | E | N | U |
| IF2-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 1.80 | | 34.3 | 34.7 | 29.4 |
| Galileo | 0.52 | 0.57 | 1.44 | 11.5 | 14.0 | 11.8 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.46 | 0.49 | 1.27 | \ | \ | \ |
| IF3-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 1.46 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 26.0 |
| Galileo | 0.51 | 0.56 | 1.41 | 25.5 | 26.8 | 23.4 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.38 | 0.41 | 1.08 | \ | \ | \ |
| IF4-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 1.40 | 32.1 | 29.1 | 25.0 |
| Galileo | 0.51 | 0.56 | 1.41 | 29.4 | 30.4 | 25.5 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.36 | 0.39 | 1.05 | \ | \ | \ |
| IF5-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 1.38 | 30.8 | 29.1 | 25.4 |
| Galileo | 0.50 | 0.56 | 1.39 | 28.0 | 30.4 | 25.9 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.36 | 0.39 | 1.03 | \ | \ | \ |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801863594050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
各系统双频及多频SPP定位精度RMS均值及提高率
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 系统 | RMS均值/m | | 提高率/% |
| E | N | U | E | N | U |
| IF2-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 1.80 | | 34.3 | 34.7 | 29.4 |
| Galileo | 0.52 | 0.57 | 1.44 | 11.5 | 14.0 | 11.8 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.46 | 0.49 | 1.27 | \ | \ | \ |
| IF3-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 1.46 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 26.0 |
| Galileo | 0.51 | 0.56 | 1.41 | 25.5 | 26.8 | 23.4 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.38 | 0.41 | 1.08 | \ | \ | \ |
| IF4-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 1.40 | 32.1 | 29.1 | 25.0 |
| Galileo | 0.51 | 0.56 | 1.41 | 29.4 | 30.4 | 25.5 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.36 | 0.39 | 1.05 | \ | \ | \ |
| IF5-SPP | BDS-3 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 1.38 | 30.8 | 29.1 | 25.4 |
| Galileo | 0.50 | 0.56 | 1.39 | 28.0 | 30.4 | 25.9 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 0.36 | 0.39 | 1.03 | \ | \ | \ |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566801951674435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=
RMS mean of IF5-SPP positioning accuracy for various systems in different latitude regions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统 | 纬度 | RMS均值/m |
| E | N | U |
| BDS-3 | 低纬度 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 1.55 |
| 中纬度 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 1.23 |
| 高纬度 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 1.37 |
| Galileo | 低纬度 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 1.59 |
| 中纬度 | 0.46 | 0.59 | 1.21 |
| 高纬度 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 1.42 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 低纬度 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 1.23 |
| 中纬度 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
| 高纬度 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 1.06 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322566802048143428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566795437921254, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同纬度区域各系统IF5-SPP定位精度RMS均值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 系统 | 纬度 | RMS均值/m |
| E | N | U |
| BDS-3 | 低纬度 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 1.55 |
| 中纬度 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 1.23 |
| 高纬度 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 1.37 |
| Galileo | 低纬度 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 1.59 |
| 中纬度 | 0.46 | 0.59 | 1.21 |
| 高纬度 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 1.42 |
| BDS-3/Galileo | 低纬度 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 1.23 |
| 中纬度 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
| 高纬度 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 1.06 |
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