Article(id=1322506726721568981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506567065383670, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.392, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723651200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239774636, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239774636, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239774636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239774636, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506567065383670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='661', pageEnd='770', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239736572, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239736572, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=669, endPage=675, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506726918701270, articleId=1322506726721568981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Focal Mechanism Solutions and Stress Field Distribution Characteristics of the Middle and Southern Section of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault and Its Surrounding Areas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using the FOCMEC method, we calculated the focal mechanism of 89 earthquakes with magnitude between 2 and 3.5(2≤ML≤3.5) in the middle and southern section of Weixi-Qiaogou fault and its surrounding areas(99.5°-100.5°E, 25.0°-26.5°N) from 2018 to 2022. Combining with the collected focal mechanism results of 132 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 3.5(ML > 3.5), we inverted the regional stress using the tensor damping method to obtain a detailed tectonic stress field with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25° of the study area. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of focal mechanism solutions and stress field, and discussed the stress state of the middle and southern section of Weixi-Qiaogou fault and its surrounding areas. The results show: 1) The types of earthquake focal mechanisms in the study area are mainly strike-slip, followed by normal fault type. 2) The study area is subjected to NS-directed compression and EW-directed extension, with the overall principal compressive stress orientation being NNW-SSE, showing a clockwise rotation trend. The stress tensor factor R value varies between 0.02 and 0.39, indicating that the study area is generally characterized by compressive stress. 3) The stress field direction of Jianchuan-Dali section of Weixi-Qiaohou fault is mainly NNW-SSE, with a small amount of nearly NS direction, and the stress field is mostly horizontal, with a smaller R value. The Dali-Weishan section has a stress field direction of NNE-SSW and NS, and the stress field is mainly vertical, with a larger R value.

, authors=Meifang DUAN1, Jia CHEN1, *, Xiaobin LI1, Jianwen YANG1, Jian LI1, authorsList=Meifang DUAN, Jia CHEN, Xiaobin LI, Jianwen YANG, Jian LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia CHEN, authorNote=

DUAN Meifang, engineer, majors in focal mechanism and stress field, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506728046969055, articleId=1322506726721568981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区震源机制解与应力场分布特征, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用FOCMEC方法计算维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区(99.5°~100.5°E,25.0°~26.5°N)2018—2022年89个2≤ML≤3.5地震的震源机制,结合收集到的132个ML>3.5地震的震源机制结果,采用区域应力张量阻尼反演方法获得研究区0.25°×0.25°精细度的构造应力场。分析震源机制解和应力场分布特征,探讨维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区应力状态。结果显示:1)研究区地震震源机制类型以走滑型为主,其次为正断型。2)研究区受到NS向的挤压和EW向的拉张作用,总体主压应力方向为NNW-SSE向,呈顺时针旋转的趋势,应力形因子R值变化范围为0.02~0.39,表明研究区总体为压应力特征。3)维西-乔后断裂的剑川-大理段应力场方向以NNW-SSE向为主,兼有少量的近NS向,应力场作用多为水平向,R值偏小;大理-巍山段应力场方向为NNE-SSW和NS向,应力场作用以垂向为主,且R值偏大。

, authors=段美芳1, 陈佳1, *, 李孝宾1, 杨建文1, 李见1, authorsList=段美芳, 陈佳, 李孝宾, 杨建文, 李见, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈佳, authorNote=

段美芳,工程师,主要从事震源机制及应力场研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

陈佳,高级工程师,主要从事地震学和地震地质研究,E-mail:

CHEN Jia, senior engineer, majors in seismology and seismogeology, E-mail:

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DUAN Meifang, engineer, majors in focal mechanism and stress field, E-mail:

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DUAN Meifang, engineer, majors in focal mechanism and stress field, E-mail:

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段美芳,工程师,主要从事震源机制及应力场研究,E-mail:

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articleId=1322506726721568981, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=451, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=44, authorNames=Cui Xiaofeng, Xie Furen, Zhang Hongyan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui Xiaofeng,Xie Furen,Zhang Hongyan.Recent Tectonic Stress Field Zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan Region and Its Dynamic Interest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(5):451-461, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506744329257281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=371, pageEnd=396, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=45, authorNames=郭祥云, 房立华, 韩立波, journalName=地震地质, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭祥云,房立华,韩立波,等.川滇菱形块体东边界震源机制与应力场特征[J].地震地质,2024,46(2):371-396, articleTitle=川滇菱形块体东边界震源机制与应力场特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506744446697794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=371, pageEnd=396, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=46, authorNames=Guo Xiangyun, Fang Lihua, Han Libo, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Xiangyun,Fang Lihua,Han Libo,et al.Characteristics of Focal Mechanism and Stress Field in the Eastern Boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan Block[J].Seismology and Geology,2024,46(2):371-396, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322506735399584014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, awardId=3JH-202401102, language=EN, fundingSource=Combination Project with Monitoring, Prediction and Scientific Research of Earthquake Technology, CEA(3JH-202401102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322506735462498575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322506732530680066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Distribution of focal mechanism solutions in the study area, figureFileSmall=golIXiKIj7/tfIrzO0EJSg==, figureFileBig=pj129MJ1gsEMLUoojaDLvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506732610371843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区震源机制解分布

F1 : 澜沧江断裂; F2: 兰坪-永平断裂; F3 : 维西-乔后断裂; F4:龙蟠-乔后断裂; F5 : 鹤庆-洱源断裂; F6 : 苍山山前断裂; F7: 红河断裂; F8: 西洱河断裂

, figureFileSmall=golIXiKIj7/tfIrzO0EJSg==, figureFileBig=pj129MJ1gsEMLUoojaDLvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506732832669956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Rose chart of focal mechanism solution parameters, figureFileSmall=ie2rW43goIkp3OmHtXmvbw==, figureFileBig=DBaMSZNxsPbTgJips4QyLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506732912361733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=CN, label=图2, caption=震源机制解参数玫瑰图, figureFileSmall=ie2rW43goIkp3OmHtXmvbw==, figureFileBig=DBaMSZNxsPbTgJips4QyLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506733000442118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Trade-off curve between model length and data fitting error, figureFileSmall=3EeElruELiS4kj5sWmd16w==, figureFileBig=JyPy4UNJQoK9Dl0GKS4IRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506733084328199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=CN, label=图3, caption=模型长度和数据拟合误差权衡曲线

红色十字表示最佳阻尼系数, 空心圆右侧数字为对应的阻尼值

, figureFileSmall=3EeElruELiS4kj5sWmd16w==, figureFileBig=JyPy4UNJQoK9Dl0GKS4IRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506733151437064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Spatial distribution of stress field inversion results, figureFileSmall=svPEoybAw38yQvuLMCZWwg==, figureFileBig=eW/eZB1hDYkD+2c+r51EEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506733243711753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=CN, label=图4, caption=应力场反演结果空间分布

网格左上角数字代表网格编号, 网格中数字代表参与反演的地震数目, 红点表示σ1, 绿点表示σ2, 蓝点表示σ3

, figureFileSmall=svPEoybAw38yQvuLMCZWwg==, figureFileBig=eW/eZB1hDYkD+2c+r51EEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506733398901002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Classification criteria for focal mechanism solution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型P轴倾伏角B轴倾伏角T轴倾伏角
正断型(NF)≥52°≤35°
正走滑型(NS)40°≤倾伏角<52°≤20°
走滑型(SS)≤20°
<40°
≥45°
≥45°
<40°
≤20°
逆走滑型(TS)≤20°40°≤倾伏角<52°
逆断型(TF)≤35°≥52°
不确定型(UD)上述类型之外的震源机制解
), ArticleFig(id=1322506735131148555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

震源机制解分类标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型P轴倾伏角B轴倾伏角T轴倾伏角
正断型(NF)≥52°≤35°
正走滑型(NS)40°≤倾伏角<52°≤20°
走滑型(SS)≤20°
<40°
≥45°
≥45°
<40°
≤20°
逆走滑型(TS)≤20°40°≤倾伏角<52°
逆断型(TF)≤35°≥52°
不确定型(UD)上述类型之外的震源机制解
), ArticleFig(id=1322506735206646028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

The stress field parameters obtained by grid inversion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号网格中心点坐标σ1σ2σ3R值
北纬/(°)东经/(°)方位角/(°)倾伏角/(°)方位角/(°)倾伏角/(°)方位角/(°)倾伏角/(°)
125.12599.625-144.83
-324.3~35.0
79.90
-9.4~89.3
6.25
-171.7~178.5
8.86
-80.0~89.2
97.00
85.7~114.3
4.80
-9.4~18.2
0.29
0.01~0.56
225.87599.625169.41
90.0~201.1
0.35
-88.0~79.2
-93.00
-272.9~86.0
87.35
-0.3~89.6
79.40
72.8~90.2
2.63
-13.0~12.4
0.21
0.01~0.52
326.12599.625164.82
0.2~190.4
11.37
-75.2~86.9
22.81
-155.7~192.8
75.68
-10.6~89.8
-103.44
-115.1~-90.5
8.58
-7.6~26.0
0.27
0~0.64
425.12599.875160.90
-16.5~340.8
71.27
-18.0~89.9
3.51
-176.1~181.1
17.38
-72.5~89.9
-88.61
-109.2~-58.8
6.77
-13.5~25.7
0.39
0.01~0.71
525.62599.875170.00
-7.1~343.7
23.11
-66.3~85.8
-19.93
-193.2~126.8
66.58
-21.7~89.6
78.45
74.2~85.8
3.62
-8.1~10.7
0.09
0.01~0.32
625.87599.875-2.47
-182.1~177.2
15.81
-74.1~89.9
171.16
-8.8~351.0
74.10
-15.8~89.7
-92.95
-101.0~83.6
1.67
-6.4~9.8
0.04
0~0.32
726.12599.875155.65
-21.9~334.6
74.40
-14.6~89.6
-8.38
-187.2~170.3
15.03
-74.3~89.2
-99.49
-103.8~-88.9
4.10
-4.1~12.7
0.16
0~0.31
826.37599.875129.24
-48.0~307.3
80.08
-7.7~89.3
-15.51
-195.3~158.5
8.13
-81.4~88.8
-106.32
-114.2~-87.0
5.65
-12.1~19.4
0.16
0.01~0.46
925.375100.125166.13
-13.7~345.9
83.14
-6.3~89.9
-6.16
-179.4~173.5
6.80
-82.8~89.4
-96.27
-106.0~-70.8
0.91
-14.3~17.8
0.24
0~0.52
1025.625100.125-7.26
-187.1~172.6
38.77
-50.9~89.0
166.06
-13.8~345.5
51.04
-38.3~89.3
-99.89
-109.0~-45.9
3.27
-7.6~35.7
0.02
0~0.40
1125.875100.125-12.40
-100.1~90.0
0.17
-86.0~89.3
78.29
-17.1~177.9
75.97
-0.9~85.6
-102.45
-116.9~-87.3
14.03
-1.1~34.2
0.17
0~0.64
1226.125100.12513.21
-151.0~191.8
73.83
-14.7~89.4
169.21
-10.3~346.3
14.84
-74.2~90.0
-99.12
-105.8~-86.4
6.29
-5.3~15.4
0.15
0~0.39
1325.875100.37538.37
-140.8~216.4
86.49
-2.1~89.5
163.75
24.4~325.7
2.03
-87.2~88.4
-106.15
-121.9~86.0
2.86
-11.4~17.2
0.19
0~0.63
), ArticleFig(id=1322506735298920717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506726721568981, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

分网格反演得到的应力场参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号网格中心点坐标σ1σ2σ3R值
北纬/(°)东经/(°)方位角/(°)倾伏角/(°)方位角/(°)倾伏角/(°)方位角/(°)倾伏角/(°)
125.12599.625-144.83
-324.3~35.0
79.90
-9.4~89.3
6.25
-171.7~178.5
8.86
-80.0~89.2
97.00
85.7~114.3
4.80
-9.4~18.2
0.29
0.01~0.56
225.87599.625169.41
90.0~201.1
0.35
-88.0~79.2
-93.00
-272.9~86.0
87.35
-0.3~89.6
79.40
72.8~90.2
2.63
-13.0~12.4
0.21
0.01~0.52
326.12599.625164.82
0.2~190.4
11.37
-75.2~86.9
22.81
-155.7~192.8
75.68
-10.6~89.8
-103.44
-115.1~-90.5
8.58
-7.6~26.0
0.27
0~0.64
425.12599.875160.90
-16.5~340.8
71.27
-18.0~89.9
3.51
-176.1~181.1
17.38
-72.5~89.9
-88.61
-109.2~-58.8
6.77
-13.5~25.7
0.39
0.01~0.71
525.62599.875170.00
-7.1~343.7
23.11
-66.3~85.8
-19.93
-193.2~126.8
66.58
-21.7~89.6
78.45
74.2~85.8
3.62
-8.1~10.7
0.09
0.01~0.32
625.87599.875-2.47
-182.1~177.2
15.81
-74.1~89.9
171.16
-8.8~351.0
74.10
-15.8~89.7
-92.95
-101.0~83.6
1.67
-6.4~9.8
0.04
0~0.32
726.12599.875155.65
-21.9~334.6
74.40
-14.6~89.6
-8.38
-187.2~170.3
15.03
-74.3~89.2
-99.49
-103.8~-88.9
4.10
-4.1~12.7
0.16
0~0.31
826.37599.875129.24
-48.0~307.3
80.08
-7.7~89.3
-15.51
-195.3~158.5
8.13
-81.4~88.8
-106.32
-114.2~-87.0
5.65
-12.1~19.4
0.16
0.01~0.46
925.375100.125166.13
-13.7~345.9
83.14
-6.3~89.9
-6.16
-179.4~173.5
6.80
-82.8~89.4
-96.27
-106.0~-70.8
0.91
-14.3~17.8
0.24
0~0.52
1025.625100.125-7.26
-187.1~172.6
38.77
-50.9~89.0
166.06
-13.8~345.5
51.04
-38.3~89.3
-99.89
-109.0~-45.9
3.27
-7.6~35.7
0.02
0~0.40
1125.875100.125-12.40
-100.1~90.0
0.17
-86.0~89.3
78.29
-17.1~177.9
75.97
-0.9~85.6
-102.45
-116.9~-87.3
14.03
-1.1~34.2
0.17
0~0.64
1226.125100.12513.21
-151.0~191.8
73.83
-14.7~89.4
169.21
-10.3~346.3
14.84
-74.2~90.0
-99.12
-105.8~-86.4
6.29
-5.3~15.4
0.15
0~0.39
1325.875100.37538.37
-140.8~216.4
86.49
-2.1~89.5
163.75
24.4~325.7
2.03
-87.2~88.4
-106.15
-121.9~86.0
2.86
-11.4~17.2
0.19
0~0.63
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维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区震源机制解与应力场分布特征
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段美芳 1 , 陈佳 1, * , 李孝宾 1 , 杨建文 1 , 李见 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(7): 669-675
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (7) : 669 -675
维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区震源机制解与应力场分布特征
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段美芳1 , 陈佳1, * , 李孝宾1, 杨建文1, 李见1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震科学实验场大理中心, 云南省大理市滨海大道, 671000
通讯作者:

陈佳,高级工程师,主要从事地震学和地震地质研究,E-mail:

CHEN Jia, senior engineer, majors in seismology and seismogeology, E-mail:

作者简介:

段美芳,工程师,主要从事震源机制及应力场研究,E-mail:

Focal Mechanism Solutions and Stress Field Distribution Characteristics of the Middle and Southern Section of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault and Its Surrounding Areas
Meifang DUAN1 , Jia CHEN1, * , Xiaobin LI1, Jianwen YANG1, Jian LI1
Affiliations
  • 1 Dali Center of China Earthquake Science Experimental Site, Binhai Road, Dali 671000, China
  • DUAN Meifang, engineer, majors in focal mechanism and stress field, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.392
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利用FOCMEC方法计算维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区(99.5°~100.5°E,25.0°~26.5°N)2018—2022年89个2≤ML≤3.5地震的震源机制,结合收集到的132个ML>3.5地震的震源机制结果,采用区域应力张量阻尼反演方法获得研究区0.25°×0.25°精细度的构造应力场。分析震源机制解和应力场分布特征,探讨维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区应力状态。结果显示:1)研究区地震震源机制类型以走滑型为主,其次为正断型。2)研究区受到NS向的挤压和EW向的拉张作用,总体主压应力方向为NNW-SSE向,呈顺时针旋转的趋势,应力形因子R值变化范围为0.02~0.39,表明研究区总体为压应力特征。3)维西-乔后断裂的剑川-大理段应力场方向以NNW-SSE向为主,兼有少量的近NS向,应力场作用多为水平向,R值偏小;大理-巍山段应力场方向为NNE-SSW和NS向,应力场作用以垂向为主,且R值偏大。

维西-乔后断裂中南段  /  震源机制解  /  应力场

Using the FOCMEC method, we calculated the focal mechanism of 89 earthquakes with magnitude between 2 and 3.5(2≤ML≤3.5) in the middle and southern section of Weixi-Qiaogou fault and its surrounding areas(99.5°-100.5°E, 25.0°-26.5°N) from 2018 to 2022. Combining with the collected focal mechanism results of 132 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 3.5(ML > 3.5), we inverted the regional stress using the tensor damping method to obtain a detailed tectonic stress field with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25° of the study area. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of focal mechanism solutions and stress field, and discussed the stress state of the middle and southern section of Weixi-Qiaogou fault and its surrounding areas. The results show: 1) The types of earthquake focal mechanisms in the study area are mainly strike-slip, followed by normal fault type. 2) The study area is subjected to NS-directed compression and EW-directed extension, with the overall principal compressive stress orientation being NNW-SSE, showing a clockwise rotation trend. The stress tensor factor R value varies between 0.02 and 0.39, indicating that the study area is generally characterized by compressive stress. 3) The stress field direction of Jianchuan-Dali section of Weixi-Qiaohou fault is mainly NNW-SSE, with a small amount of nearly NS direction, and the stress field is mostly horizontal, with a smaller R value. The Dali-Weishan section has a stress field direction of NNE-SSW and NS, and the stress field is mainly vertical, with a larger R value.

middle and southern section of Weixi-Qiaohou fault  /  focal mechanism solution  /  stress field
段美芳, 陈佳, 李孝宾, 杨建文, 李见. 维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区震源机制解与应力场分布特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (7) : 669 -675 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.392
Meifang DUAN, Jia CHEN, Xiaobin LI, Jianwen YANG, Jian LI. Focal Mechanism Solutions and Stress Field Distribution Characteristics of the Middle and Southern Section of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault and Its Surrounding Areas[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (7) : 669 -675 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.392
位于川滇块体西部边缘的维西-乔后断裂是一条晚更新世-全新世的活动断裂[1],该断裂起始于维西县西北部,在巍山以南与红河断裂带相接,总体走向NNW,全长约280 km[2]。以玉狮场、平坡为界,可将断裂分为北、中和南3段。新构造运动期,南段主要表现为正断性质,晚更新世以来垂直滑动速率约为0.18~0.32 mm/a;北段和中段则主要表现为右旋走滑运动,晚更新世以来垂直滑动速率和右旋水平滑动速率分别为0.30~0.35 mm/a和1.8~2.4 mm/a[3]。自有仪器记录以来,玉狮场以南的维西-乔后断裂中段和南段及其附近曾发生1925年大理7.0级地震和1948年马登6.2级地震,近10 a来先后发生2013年洱源MS5.5和MS5.0双震、2016年云龙MS5.0地震、2017年漾濞MS5.1地震和2021年漾濞MS6.4地震,说明该断裂具有发生中强地震的背景且近期强震活跃。因此,加强维西-乔后断裂,特别是中南段局部构造应力场变化的跟踪分析,对深入认识区域地震地质背景以及块体边界构造变形机制与样式具有重要的理论和实际意义。
部分学者对维西-乔后断裂所处的川滇块体进行研究。乔学军等[4]分析川滇地区地壳形变,认为在印度板块、青藏高原和华南块体的共同作用下,川滇地区的地壳运动速度具有北强南弱、西强东弱,以菱形块体为主的顺时针旋转特征。王阎昭等[5]利用GPS资料反演川滇地区主要断裂的现今活动速率,发现滇西南地区以维西-乔后-巍山断裂和红河断裂为界,水平运动方向存在明显不同,且运动速率明显弱于川滇菱形地块。邹芳等[6]分析2021年漾濞MS6.4地震前地壳形变特征,认为该地震发生在GPS测站水平运动速度陡变区域,该区域地壳水平运动受阻;震中区域应变积累明显,处于面应变率高值区,且为最大剪应变率的高低值转换区。以上工作虽取得一定成果,但受限于地震频次和观测台阵密度等条件,大多以3级以上地震为主,且多为川滇地区大尺度研究,缺乏对维西-乔后断裂构造应力场的精细化分析。近年来,随着监测系统的不断完善和震源机制计算方法的不断改进,为小区域的构造应力场分析提供了较好条件。为此,本文增加更为密集的亚失稳流动台阵,并将震级下限降低至ML2.0,利用FOCMEC方法计算2018—2022年云南亚失稳台网在人工编目期间获得的维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区的震源机制解。结合收集到的震源机制结果,利用区域应力张量阻尼方法[7]反演构造应力场,以期为深入认识维西-乔后断裂及周边地区的地球动力学特征及强震孕育机理提供参考依据。
本文震源机制数据由2个部分组成:2018—2022年2≤ML≤3.5地震的震源机制解采用FOCMEC方法计算得到;2008~2024年ML>3.5地震的震源机制解以中国地震科学实验场大理中心采用CAP(cut and paster,CAP)方法计算的结果为主,以徐彦[8]采用全波形拟合方法计算的结果为补充。
计算震源机制常用的方法主要有CAP全波形反演法和基于P波初动极性、S/P振幅比的HASH法,但这些方法依赖于震级的选取,对计算小地震的震源机制解适用性不高[9]。对于研究区内部分震级较小的地震事件(2≤ML≤3.5),本研究利用杨选等[10]最新发展的基于FOCMEC[11]方法改编的MATLAB新版本进行震源机制计算。该版本可实现P、SV、SH波的极性和振幅比SV/P、SH/P、SV/SH等信息的任意组合,能有效抑制对各层速度、震中定位和震源深度的依赖,甚至在初动和台站数量较少时也能得到合理的解,从而增强小震震源机制解的可靠性[12]。
计算所用的数据波形来源于分布在研究区及周边地区的云南台网、主动源台网、亚失稳台网和小孔径台网共50个台站(图 1),所用仪器包括20套宽频带地震仪和30套短周期地震仪,采样率均为100 Hz,速度模型采用川滇地区公共速度模型2.0版本(SWChinaCVM-2.0)[13]。为保证计算结果的收敛性和可靠性,在计算前对所有震相进行校验核实,且所选地震和波形应尽量满足以下条件:1)至少被8个台站记录到,台站震中距小于100 km、台站方位角分布均匀、波形完整且信噪比高;2)震中重合的情况下选取震级较大的地震;3)根据FOCMEC程序中的质量评定标准,从多个解中选出的最佳解精度需在B类以上,最小空间旋转角需在20°以内。为得到稳定可靠的结果,在台站密集的情况下,主要依靠初动,同时选择比较确定且起跳清晰干净的振幅资料,在初动较少的情况下选择初动结合振幅比的方法计算震源机制。
对震源机制结果进行反演是现阶段获取构造应力场的有效途径之一。本文采用Martínez-Garzón[14]等基于区域应力张量阻尼反演方法[7]在MATLAB环境下开发的软件包MSATSI进行反演计算。该程序依照应力张量在震源机制解节面上的剪应力与断层滑动方向最为一致的原则进行反演,通过增加阻尼和应用概率信息准则等数学手段使反演结果更加真实可靠。
以0.25°×0.25°尺度将研究区划分为24个网格,为保证结果的可靠性,参与反演的每个网格点至少有4个地震的震源机制解数据,少于4个地震的网格不进行计算。反演时随机选取2个节面中的1个进行计算,选取95%置信区间,bootstrap重采样次数设为2 000次。经过反演计算,共得到13个有效网格的应力参数。同时得到3个主应力轴σ1、σ2和σ3的方向参数及应力大小标量R,其中,应力形因子R可表示3个主应力的相对大小,表达式为:
$R=\frac{\sigma_1-\sigma_2}{\sigma_1-\sigma_3}$
式中,σ1、σ2、σ3分别代表最大、中间和最小主应力。当R<0.5时,σ2逐渐靠近σ1,表现为压应力性质;当R=0.5时,3个主应力轴呈等差排列;R>0.5时,σ2逐渐靠近σ3,表现为张应力性质[15]。
经过计算得到2018—2022年维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区(99.5°~100.5°E,25.0°~26.5°N)89个2≤ML≤3.5地震的震源机制解,其中有16个由初动计算得到,73个由初动结合振幅比计算得到。
此外,为得到较完备的震源机制资料,本文还收集徐彦[8]和中国地震科学实验场大理中心分别采用全波形拟合方法和CAP方法计算的2008—2024年132次ML>3.5地震的震源机制解。经过计算和筛选,最终获得2008—2024年221次可靠性较高的ML≥2地震的震源机制解。其中,2≤ML≤2.9地震55次,3≤ML≤3.9地震90次,4≤ML≤4.9地震71次,5≤ML≤5.9地震4次,6≤ML≤6.9地震1次。从震源机制解分布(图 1)可知,地震主要沿维西-乔后断裂展布,研究区南部地震分布相对较少。
为更直观地分析震源机制解分布特征,按照Zoback[16]的分类标准对所有震源机制解进行统计,根据P轴、B轴和T轴的倾伏角大小将震源机制解分为6种类型(表 1)。结果显示,正断型(NF)的震源机制有59个,占所有地震的27%;走滑型(SS)的震源机制有114个,占所有地震的52%;不确定型(UD)的震源机制有21个,占所有地震的9%;正走滑型(NS)、逆走滑型(TS)和逆断型(TF)的震源机制相对较少,分别有18个、6个和3个,分别占所有地震的8%、3%和1%。由此可知,维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区整体以走滑型地震为主,其次为正断型,与前人的研究结果基本一致[17]。
将震源机制解的2个节面合并后,与应力轴参数进行统计分析(图 2)。结果显示,节面走向呈放射状分布;节面倾角较大,基本在60°~90°之间,高倾角特征说明研究区断层接近直立;节面滑动角在0°和-180°附近居多,说明地震多为走滑型,同时滑动角在-90°附近也有较多分布,表明部分地震具有正断性质;整体上P轴和T轴的方位较为一致,二者呈共轭状态,倾伏角基本在0°~30°之间,呈低倾角特征,说明研究区现今主要受控于NS向的挤压和EW向的拉张作用,以水平应力为主。进一步对所有地震的震源深度进行统计分析,结果显示,有213个地震的震源深度在地下15 km以浅处,占所有地震的96%,说明绝大多数地震的震源深度较浅,主要发生在上地壳内。
利用阻尼反演法对研究区整体应力场进行反演,结果显示,最大主应力轴(σ1)方位为170.52°,倾角为30.75°;中间主应力轴(σ2)方位为-10.89°,倾角为59.24°;最小主应力轴(σ3)方位为80.15°,倾角为0.62°;R值为0.06。最大主应力轴(σ1)和最小主应力轴(σ3)均呈低倾角分布,表明研究区主要受到水平构造应力的作用,表现为走滑应力性质,与前人的计算结果一致[18]。
为探究区域内更为精细的构造应力特征,对维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区的应力场分网格进行反演。由反演结果可知,当阻尼参数e为0.9时(图 3),可以实现模型长度和数据拟合残差之间的最好权衡,获得最佳应力场。根据应力场参数可知(表 2),最大主应力轴(σ1)方位角分布范围为-187.1°~170°,主要呈SWW向,倾伏角最小值为0.21°,最大值为87.88°;最小主应力轴(σ3)方位角分布范围为-108.04°~98.98°,倾伏角在1.44°~10.68°之间;中间主应力轴(σ2)方位角分布范围为-95.69°~171.28°,倾伏角最小值为1.07°,最大值为87.46°。
应力场反演结果表明(表 2、图 4),应力形因子R值变化范围为0.02~0.39,说明研究区整体为压应力特征。研究区总体主压应力方向为NNW-SSE向,由北向南呈顺时针旋转的趋势,与前人研究结果一致[19]。为方便讨论,以西洱河断裂(F8)为界,将维西-乔后断裂分为剑川-大理段(25.5°~26.5°N)和大理-巍山段(25.0°~25.5°)。由图 4可见,剑川-大理段的主压应力以NNW-SSE向为主,兼有少量的近NS向,该区域R值普遍偏小,2号、3号、5号、6号、10号和11号网格的主压应力倾角在0°~39°之间,应力场作用以水平向为主;7号、8号、12号和13号网格的主压应力倾角在73°~87°之间,应力场作用以垂向为主。位于大理-巍山段的1号、4号和9号网格的主压应力为NNE-SSW向和NS向,主压应力倾角均在71°~84°之间,应力场作用以垂向为主,且该区域R值偏大,说明压应力作用减弱。综上认为,维西-乔后断裂的剑川-大理段和大理-巍山段的应力场方向无显著差异,但剑川-大理段的R值明显低于大理-巍山段。
川滇地块是青藏高原物质受挤压向SE流出的通道,被具有不同滑动速率和滑动方式的断层分割成不同尺度的构造块体,导致其内部呈现复杂的构造应力特征[20]。维西-乔后断裂作为川滇块体西部边缘一条重要的大型剪切带,长期以来受到印度板块NNE向推挤、四川盆地阻挡和缅甸板块拖拽的共同作用,其附近发育有鹤庆-洱源断裂、红河断裂等多条NE向和NW向断裂,构造特征复杂。
结合近年来数次中强地震的震中分布(图 1)来看,发生在剑川-大理段的2016年云龙MS5.0地震、2013年洱源MS5.5和MS5.0双震、2017年漾濞MS5.1和2021年漾濞MS6.4地震震中对应图 4中的3号、6号和5号网格,该区域应力场作用以水平向为主。其中,2016年云龙MS5.0、2017年漾濞MS5.1和2021年漾濞MS6.4地震发生在川滇块体右旋走滑西南边界形成的走滑应力作用背景下[1, 21],为走滑型地震事件,与本文中网格的应力场作用方向一致;而2013年洱源MS5.5和MS5.0双震则表现出正断型特征,与本文反演结果有所差异,这可能是受到局部构造的影响。发生在大理-巍山段的2024年巍山MS4.3和MS4.2双震为正断型事件,与本文反演结果吻合。分析上述7个地震的时空分布特征可知,震中随时间的推移呈现由NW向SE迁移的趋势,结合研究区应力场顺时针变化的特征,猜测这可能与应力传导有关。然而,由于研究区范围较小,可靠的震源机制结果有限,该猜想有待进一步论证。
从本文应力反演结果来看,维西-乔后断裂及附近区域应力较复杂,在大理-巍山段出现由NNW-SSE向逐渐过渡到NNE-SSW向的应力偏转。前人研究和野外地质调查结果显示,不同尺度断裂构造的发育是造成局部应力和区域应力之间存在较大差别的主要原因之一[22-23]。维西-乔后断裂两侧分属不同块体,同一深度下断层两侧岩性存在较大差别,说明该区域上地壳物质组成十分复杂[24]。GPS水平速度场结果[6]显示,研究区地壳水平受阻,GPS水平运动在此处发生速率和方向的转换,活动剧烈。此外,根据震源机制、水压致裂原地应力测量和断层滑动反演结果可知,构造应力分区可能与构造分区具有一定的相关性,但并不完全一致,在印度板块北移,青藏高原东侧物质SE向侧移,以及华南块体强烈阻挡的共同作用下,川滇地区构造应力场格局并不完全受已有构造的控制[25]。研究区南部发育有澜沧江断裂、兰坪-永平断裂和维西-乔后断裂等多条断裂,且R值在该区有升高的趋势,震源机制解包括走滑、正断、正走滑和不确定等多种类型,说明该区域地质构造复杂,挤压作用相对减弱,而震源机制的多样性也在一定程度上反映了该区构造活动和应力场的空间差异性[26]。综上所述,认为研究区地震活动主要受区域应力场控制,大理-巍山段可能受局部地质条件和构造应力的影响较大。
本文利用FOCMEC方法反演维西-乔后断裂中南段及周边地区2≤ML≤3.5地震的震源机制解,结合收集到的利用全波形拟合方法和CAP方法计算的ML>3.5地震的震源机制解,反演研究区构造应力场。根据构造应力场反演结果,结合R值和震源机制解分布情况,探讨研究区构造应力特征和孕震动力学机制,获得如下认识:
1) 研究区整体上以走滑型地震为主,其次为正断型。地震主要沿维西-乔后断裂展布,研究区南部地震分布相对较少,绝大多数地震的震源深度在地下15 km以浅处,主要发生在上地壳内。震源机制特征分析表明,研究区主要受到NS向的挤压和EW向的拉张作用。
2) 维西-乔后断裂中南段及附近区域总体主压应力方向为NNW-SSE向,呈顺时针旋转的趋势。应力形因子R值变化范围为0.02~0.39,表明研究区总体呈压应力特征。
3) 维西-乔后断裂的剑川-大理段应力场方向以NNW-SSE向为主,兼有少量的近NS向,R值偏小,应力场方向以水平向为主。大理-巍山段应力场方向为NNE-SSW和NS向,应力场作用以垂向为主,且R值偏大,说明压应力作用减弱,认为应力方向在该段的偏转可能是受到局部地质条件和构造应力的影响。
  • 中国地震局“三结合”课题(3JH-202401102)
  • 云南省地震局青年基金(2024K09)
  • 云南省地震科技创新团队(CXTD202411)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.392
  • 接收时间:2024-08-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
基金
Combination Project with Monitoring, Prediction and Scientific Research of Earthquake Technology, CEA(3JH-202401102)
中国地震局“三结合”课题(3JH-202401102)
Youth Fund of Yunnan Earthquake Agency(2024K09)
云南省地震局青年基金(2024K09)
Earthquake Science and Technology Innovation Team of Yunnan Earthquake Agency(CXTD202411)
云南省地震科技创新团队(CXTD202411)
作者信息
    1 中国地震科学实验场大理中心, 云南省大理市滨海大道, 671000

通讯作者:

陈佳,高级工程师,主要从事地震学和地震地质研究,E-mail:

CHEN Jia, senior engineer, majors in seismology and seismogeology, E-mail:

参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.392
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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