Article(id=1322506704433037337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506567065383670, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.434, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726675200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239769323, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239769323, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239769323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239769323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506567065383670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='661', pageEnd='770', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239736572, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239736572, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=758, endPage=765, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506704630169626, articleId=1322506704433037337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances of Japan Noto Peninsula MW7.6 Earthquake on January 1, 2024 Based on GPS TEC, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We investigate the phenomenon of coseismic ionospheric disturbances(CIDs) caused by Japan Noto Peninsula MW7.6 earthquake on January 1, 2024 using the total electron content(TEC) calculated by GPS observation data. The results show that: 1) Satellite G04, located northwest of earthquake epicenter, recorded a CIDs with maximum disturbance amplitude of approximately 0.07 TECu. 2) Satellite G16, located east of earthquake epicenter, recorded a CIDs with maximum disturbance amplitude of about 0.08 TECu. 3) The G16 and G26 satellites detected more significant CIDs in south of earthquake epicenter than in other directions, which is consistent with the direction of seismogenic fault(southwest direction). Significant CIDs are also detected at Kokubunji station, located about 286.714 km south of earthquake epicenter. This significance may be due to the large vertical displacement of thrust type earthquakes, which increases the disturbance amplitude of CIDs signal. 4) The CIDs detected by G04, G16 and G26 satellites have the propagation velocities of about 589 m/s, 623 m/s, 876 m/s and 829 m/s, and the corresponding center frequencies are about 3.14 MHz, 2.9 MHz, 2.9 MHz and 2.9 MHz in the northwest, east and south of earthquake epicenter, indicating that the ionospheric disturbances detected in different regions are consistent with the characteristics of ionospheric disturbances excited by seismic waves.

, authors=Xiaohuan FENG1, Yiyong LUO1, *, authorsList=Xiaohuan FENG, Yiyong LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yiyong LUO, authorNote=

FENG Xiaohuan, postgraduate, majors in surveying and mapping data processing, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506706685378603, articleId=1322506704433037337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于GPS TEC的2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震同震电离层扰动分析, columnId=1322506242858271689, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球物理解释, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用GPS观测数据解算电离层总电子含量(total electron content, TEC),对2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震引发的同震电离层扰动(coseismic ionospheric disturbances, CIDs)现象进行研究。结果表明:1)G04卫星在震中西北部探测到CIDs的最大幅值约为0.07 TECu;2)G16卫星在震中东部探测到CIDs的最大幅值约为0.08 TECu;3)G16和G26卫星在震中南部探测到比其他方向更为显著的CIDs,与地震断层走向(西南方向)较为一致,并且在南方向距离震中约286.714 km的Kokubunji站也探测到显著的CIDs,这种显著性可能是由于逆冲型地震的垂直位移较大,导致CIDs信号的扰动幅度增加;4)G04、G16和G26卫星在震中西北部、东部和南部探测到CIDs的传播速度分别约为589 m/s、623 m/s、876 m/s和829 m/s,对应的中心频率分别约为3.14 MHz、2.9 MHz、2.9 MHz和2.9 MHz,表明不同区域探测到的电离层扰动符合地震声波激发的电离层扰动特征。

, authors=冯小欢1, 罗亦泳1, *, authorsList=冯小欢, 罗亦泳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=罗亦泳, authorNote=

冯小欢,硕士生,主要从事测绘数据处理研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

罗亦泳,博士,教授,主要从事测绘数据处理研究,E-mail:

LUO Yiyong, PhD, professor, majors in surveying and mapping data processing, E-mail:

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基于GPS TEC的2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震同震电离层扰动分析
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冯小欢 1 , 罗亦泳 1, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球物理解释 2025,45(7): 758-765
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球物理解释 2025 , 45 (7) : 758 -765
基于GPS TEC的2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震同震电离层扰动分析
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冯小欢1 , 罗亦泳1, *
作者信息
  • 1 东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院, 南昌市广兰大道418号, 330013
通讯作者:

罗亦泳,博士,教授,主要从事测绘数据处理研究,E-mail:

LUO Yiyong, PhD, professor, majors in surveying and mapping data processing, E-mail:

作者简介:

冯小欢,硕士生,主要从事测绘数据处理研究,E-mail:

Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances of Japan Noto Peninsula MW7.6 Earthquake on January 1, 2024 Based on GPS TEC
Xiaohuan FENG1 , Yiyong LUO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering, East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Road, Nanchang 330013, China
  • FENG Xiaohuan, postgraduate, majors in surveying and mapping data processing, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.434
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利用GPS观测数据解算电离层总电子含量(total electron content, TEC),对2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震引发的同震电离层扰动(coseismic ionospheric disturbances, CIDs)现象进行研究。结果表明:1)G04卫星在震中西北部探测到CIDs的最大幅值约为0.07 TECu;2)G16卫星在震中东部探测到CIDs的最大幅值约为0.08 TECu;3)G16和G26卫星在震中南部探测到比其他方向更为显著的CIDs,与地震断层走向(西南方向)较为一致,并且在南方向距离震中约286.714 km的Kokubunji站也探测到显著的CIDs,这种显著性可能是由于逆冲型地震的垂直位移较大,导致CIDs信号的扰动幅度增加;4)G04、G16和G26卫星在震中西北部、东部和南部探测到CIDs的传播速度分别约为589 m/s、623 m/s、876 m/s和829 m/s,对应的中心频率分别约为3.14 MHz、2.9 MHz、2.9 MHz和2.9 MHz,表明不同区域探测到的电离层扰动符合地震声波激发的电离层扰动特征。

同震电离层扰动  /  日本能登半岛MW7.6地震  /  全球定位系统  /  TEC

We investigate the phenomenon of coseismic ionospheric disturbances(CIDs) caused by Japan Noto Peninsula MW7.6 earthquake on January 1, 2024 using the total electron content(TEC) calculated by GPS observation data. The results show that: 1) Satellite G04, located northwest of earthquake epicenter, recorded a CIDs with maximum disturbance amplitude of approximately 0.07 TECu. 2) Satellite G16, located east of earthquake epicenter, recorded a CIDs with maximum disturbance amplitude of about 0.08 TECu. 3) The G16 and G26 satellites detected more significant CIDs in south of earthquake epicenter than in other directions, which is consistent with the direction of seismogenic fault(southwest direction). Significant CIDs are also detected at Kokubunji station, located about 286.714 km south of earthquake epicenter. This significance may be due to the large vertical displacement of thrust type earthquakes, which increases the disturbance amplitude of CIDs signal. 4) The CIDs detected by G04, G16 and G26 satellites have the propagation velocities of about 589 m/s, 623 m/s, 876 m/s and 829 m/s, and the corresponding center frequencies are about 3.14 MHz, 2.9 MHz, 2.9 MHz and 2.9 MHz in the northwest, east and south of earthquake epicenter, indicating that the ionospheric disturbances detected in different regions are consistent with the characteristics of ionospheric disturbances excited by seismic waves.

coseismic ionospheric disturbances  /  Japan Noto Peninsula MW7.6 earthquake  /  global positioning system  /  TEC
冯小欢, 罗亦泳. 基于GPS TEC的2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震同震电离层扰动分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (7) : 758 -765 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.434
Xiaohuan FENG, Yiyong LUO. Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances of Japan Noto Peninsula MW7.6 Earthquake on January 1, 2024 Based on GPS TEC[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (7) : 758 -765 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.434
地震形成与发震过程中会释放巨大的能量,从而引起大气扰动,扰动向上传播至电离层时,大气密度随高度增加迅速下降,扰动幅度随高度增加而变大。地震释放的能量以瑞利波、声波和重力波等形式与电离层耦合,导致电离层总电子含量(TEC)发生变化,产生同震电离层扰动(CIDs)现象[1],该现象一般在震后9~20 min达到极值,随后逐渐消失。目前,电离层扰动探测方法主要包括电离层测高仪、雷达技术和GPS等[2-4]。相比于传统地震监测技术,GPS具有高时空分辨率、高精度、全天候等优点,能够更有效地探测地震发生时TEC的异常变化。Astafyeva等[5]比较分析部分7.2~9.1级地震震区TEC响应特征,结果表明,CIDs振幅随地震震级增大成比例地增加,且均探测到“N”形TEC扰动。Cahyadi等[6]对2016年West Sumatra地震和2018年Palu地震CIDs的南北不对称性进行分析,发现南半球的CIDs表现出向北传播的趋势,并将其归因于地磁场。Zhou等[7]研究发现,2015年尼泊尔地震CIDs具有0.8 km/s和0.3 km/s两种传播速度,分别对应声波和声重力波在电离层高度的传播速度。鉴于当前CIDs的形成机制尚不明确,需要深入探究地震引发的电离层扰动特性与电离层之间的相互作用。
本文对2024-01-01日本能登半岛MW7.6地震进行研究,利用日本国土地理院获取的GPS观测资料,解算地震上空TEC数据,提取电离层扰动,从时空分布特点和时频域等多方面分析CIDs特征,并结合电离层测高数据进一步验证CIDs的传播特征。研究结果有助于更有效地分析震区附近的电离层扰动状态,深入理解该地区地震与电离层之间的联系。
根据日本气象厅发布的信息(https://www.data.jma.go.jp/kanazawa/shosai/siryou.html),UTC时间2024-01-01 07:10日本石川县能登半岛发生MW7.6地震,震源深度16 km,震中位置为37.29°N、137.16°E。该地震发生在石川县凤珠郡穴水町东北方向42 km处,是自1885年以来能登地区观测到的最大震级地震。该地区地震分布结果显示(https://www.static.jishin.go.jp/resource/monthly/2024/20240101_noto_1.pdf),此次地震是较为明显的逆冲型破裂,发震断层走向西南-东北(图 1(a))。震中东北方向余震分布与半岛北部海岸线重叠,且附近GPS测站较少,很难探测到较为明显的电离层扰动,而震中东部和南部具有大量GPS测站,并且在震中附近布设有电离层测高站(Kokubunji),可为本次地震同震电离层扰动研究提供重要的数据支持。GPS观测数据可从日本国土地理院获取,GPS站点空间分布如图 1(b)所示。
活跃的地磁活动和太阳活动会对电离层TEC信号造成干扰,为更好地分析日本能登半岛地震同震电离层扰动特征,对地磁和太阳活动状况进行判断,排除磁暴等电离层天气所产生的影响。本文使用地磁扰动指数Kp和太阳辐射指数F10.7分析地磁活动和太阳活动变化情况,这2个指数可从美国国家航空航天局(NASA)和中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间环境预报中心(SEPC)获取。图 2(a)为地震发生当天的Kp指数变化情况,红色部分为地震发生时刻的Kp值,可以看出,Kp指数均未超过4,说明此次地震发生前后地磁活动相对平稳。图 2(b)为地震发生前后各4 d的F10.7指数变化情况,红色部分表示地震发生当天的F10.7值,可以看出,F10.7指数均小于150 sfu,表明太阳辐射活动适中。上述分析可排除地磁活动对电离层的影响,且电离层异常可能受到太阳活动的影响,但影响不大。
电离层TEC是反映电离层动态变化的关键指标之一,可通过GPS测站的双频载波相位观测值计算得到,具体见式(1)[8]。通过研究地震发生期间电离层TEC的动态变化,提取电离层TEC时间序列中的扰动分量DTEC,进一步解释和分析电离层扰动机理。
$\mathrm{TEC}=\frac{1}{40.3} \frac{f_1^2 f_2^2}{f_1^2-f_2^2}\left(L_1-L_2+\text { const }+\varepsilon\right)$
式中,f1和f2为载波频率,f1=1 575.32 MHz,f2=1 227.60 MHz;L1和L2为载波相位观测值;const为常量,包括载波相位模糊度和硬件延迟;ε为测量噪声。
为简化电离层模型,假设将整个电离层中的电子集中到某一高度的电离层中,即电离层单层模型,可以近似代表垂直TEC[9]。由于自由电子主要集中在电离层的F2层(约200~400 km高度范围),因此可将电离层F2层的峰值密度高度作为单层模型的高度。卫星接收机连线与薄壳的交点为电离层穿刺点(ionospheric pierce point, IPP),根据地震发生期间穿刺点的时空分布可绘制电离层扰动位置分布图和时间-距离图,有助于分析电离层异常扰动特性和变化规律。
利用GPS测站的双频载波相位观测值获取同震电离层扰动DTEC时,使用Butterworth带通滤波能从复杂电离层信号中提取特定频率范围的信号分量,该滤波方法对高频噪声具有很好的滤波效果[10]。通过对扰动振幅、出现时间和震中距等进行分析,研究电离层扰动的时空特征。
通过分析地震发生前后的TEC时间序列,可以确定震中西北部、南部和东部的电离层扰动状态。基于GPS站和G04、G16、G26卫星之间的电离层TEC观测数据,利用Butterworth带通滤波技术提取电离层扰动DTEC。图 3为部分GPS站与卫星滤波后的DTEC时间序列,图中红色虚线部分表示规律分布的CIDs,黑色实线表示地震期间电离层扰动,红色实线表示地震发生时刻,并已标注部分GPS站名和扰动对应IPP轨迹到震中的距离。从图 3可以看出,3颗卫星在震后均探测到显著的电离层扰动,在震前未出现类似现象,扰动约在主震发生后10 min左右被检测到。通过分析电离层扰动波形可知,3颗卫星均探测到“N”形CIDs,符合地震引发电离层扰动的波形特征[11]。随着GPS站和震中距的增加,扰动出现时间越来越迟,CIDs振幅也逐渐减小,表明DTEC在时空分布上具有一定规律性,这些规律与地震活动紧密相关。
在震中西北部,GPS站能较好地观测到G04卫星。图 3(a)为G04卫星在震中西北部探测到的电离层扰动DTEC序列,CIDs最大扰动幅度约为0.07 TECu,距震中529 km的0506站仍存在扰动。在震中南部,GPS站能较好地观测到G16和G26卫星。图 3(b)为G16卫星在震中南部探测到的电离层扰动DTEC序列,CIDs最大扰动振幅约为0.21 TECu,在震后8 min左右被探测到,距震中406 km的P120站仍能探测到微弱的电离层扰动,随着传播距离增加,扰动幅度逐渐减小。图 3(c)为G26卫星在震中南部探测到的电离层扰动DTEC序列,其扰动出现时间与G16卫星相似,CIDs最大扰动振幅约为0.13 TECu,距震中393 km的1133站仍能探测到TEC扰动,但扰动幅度不明显。在震中东部,GPS站能较好地观测到G16卫星。图 3(d)为G16卫星在震中东部探测到的电离层扰动DTEC序列,CIDs最大扰动振幅约为0.08 TECu。随着震中距增加,扰动幅度逐渐减小,至330 km左右仍存在微弱扰动。在震中南部,G16卫星探测到的电离层扰动与G26卫星相似,但电离层扰动幅值和传播距离超过G26卫星,该现象可能是由GPS站与卫星几何分布的差异所致。由于震中北部未观测到规律分布的电离层扰动,因此未绘制震中北部的电离层扰动时间序列图。
利用小波变换将电离层TEC时间序列转化为小波功率谱,从时频域进一步分析震区电离层扰动规律,探究地震与电离层耦合机理。在震中西北部、南部和东部分别选取扰动较为明显的G04-0516、G16-0289、G26-0383和G16-0985的电离层扰动DTEC时间序列进行小波变换分析,结果如图 4所示。
图 4中彩色椭圆表示时频分析中能量较高的区域,图中数值表示这些区域的电离层信号能量峰值对应的周期。在震后07:32 UT,震中西北部G04-0516电离层信号能量峰值对应的周期约为5.3 min,对应的中心频率约为3.14 MHz。在震后07:16~07:33 UT,震中南部G16-0289和G26-0383电离层信号能量峰值对应的周期均约为5.8 min,说明在震中南部只出现1种CIDs,对应的中心频率约为2.9 MHz。在震后07:22 UT,震中东部G16-0985电离层信号能量峰值对应的周期约为5.7 min,对应的中心频率约为2.9 MHz。
研究表明[12],声波激发的电离层扰动频率通常大于2.9 MHz。震中西北部、东部和南部CIDs的中心频率为2.9~3.14 MHz,符合地震声波引起的电离层扰动频率特征,说明震区电离层扰动由地震声波所激发。
G04、G16和G26卫星在震中附近的GPS站具有较好的信号接收和数据观测效果,绘制07:00—08:00 UT时间段内G04、G16和G26卫星与不同方向上GPS站的IPP位置分布图(图 5)。由图 5可知,地震期间IPP轨迹能较好地覆盖震中西北部、南部和东部地区,且在该方向上均能探测到明显的电离层扰动,后续将进一步分析这3个区域内地震引起的电离层扰动。
为进一步分析CIDs的时空分布特征,分别绘制震后07:16—07:36 UT的DTEC空间分布图,具体结果如图 6所示,图中实线为海岸线,彩色圆点表示IPP位置及其扰动振幅。由图 6可知,从07:18 UT开始,震中南部和东部开始发生负扰动;07:21—07:24 UT,震中西北部开始出现微弱扰动,震中南部和东部TEC扰动明显增大,负扰动变为正扰动,峰值接近0.2 TECu,且扰动向南继续传播;07:27—07:36 UT,扰动逐渐消失。这符合地震激发的电离层扰动呈“N”形的变化特征,且随着GPS站震中距的增加,扰动出现时间越来越迟,距震中较远的区域也开始重复这种规律。在震中西北部、南部和东部均探测到较为明显的电离层扰动,且扰动出现的时间与地震引起的声波向上传播至电离层F2层的时间较为一致[13-14]。
为进一步解释地震与电离层耦合原理,对CIDs动态扰动传播特征进行分析。分别绘制震中西北部、东部和南部区域的GPS站与G04、G16和G26卫星之间的电离层扰动时间-距离图,图 7中纵坐标表示DTEC对应IPP与震中的距离,红色虚线为地震发生时刻,黑色实线为相邻CIDs峰值(或谷值)对应的时间与震中距离的线性拟合,斜率表示电离层扰动速度。
由图 7(a)可知,G04卫星探测到的CIDs传播速度约为589 m/s,传播至560 km处仍存在扰动,CIDs传播速度拟合直线与时间轴的交点为07:20 UT左右,表明该CIDs扰动源于震后约10.11 min在电离层F2层形成,然后继续往西北部传播。在一定距离范围内,CIDs量级随着距离的增加而变大。从图 7(b)、7(c)可以看出,G16卫星探测到扰动幅值为0.21 TECu的CIDs,传播速度约为876 m/s,于震后约9.28 min在电离层F2层形成,传播到420 km处仍存在显著扰动。G26卫星探测到的CIDs在震后约9.69 min形成,并以约829 m/s的传播速度向南传播,CIDs扰动幅度达到0.13 TECu,当距离大于410 km时扰动仍然显著,并继续向南传播。由图 7(d)可知,G16卫星于震后约9.075 min在震中东部探测到传播速度约为623 m/s的CIDs,最大扰动振幅为0.08 TECu,随着传播距离的增加,扰动量级逐渐减小,在350 km处仍存在微弱扰动。
研究表明,地震激发的声波向上传播到电离层F2层的速度约为300~2 000 m/s[15]。3颗卫星在震后9~10 min探测到明显的CIDs,该时间与地震声波向上传播到电离层F2层的时间较为吻合,表明探测到的CIDs极有可能由地震声波所引发。震中西北部、南部和东部探测到的电离层扰动传播速度分别约为589 m/s、876 m/s、829 m/s和623 m/s,这也说明卫星探测到的CIDs极有可能由地震声波所激发。G16和G26卫星在震中南部探测到比其他方向更为显著的CIDs,与地震断层走向(西南方向)较为一致,这种显著性可能是因为逆冲型地震的垂直位移较大,导致CIDs信号的扰动幅度增加。
电离层F2层临界频率(foF2)和电离层Es层临界频率(foEs)是反映电离层状态的重要参数,利用测高站Kokubunji准确获取foF2和foEs数据,数据采样间隔为15 min,测站位置如图 1所示,测站距震中约286.714 km。为探究地震期间05:00—15:00 UT的foF2和foEs数据变化特征,收集2023-12-26—2024-01-08测高仪数据。通过比较非地震日的foF2和foEs平均值与地震当天的foF2和foEs数据,分析震中南部电离层扰动特征。图 8(a)、8(b)分别为地震期间foF2和foEs的观测值和背景值,红色虚线为发震时刻,黄色实线为地震当天的观测数据,蓝色实线为foF2和foEs背景值均值。从图 8(a)可以看出,在08:00 UT左右,foF2开始发生波动,在08:15 UT达到峰值,08:30 UT后波动趋于平稳,而foF2背景值均值在07:10—9:00 UT期间变化幅度较小,一直处于平稳状态。由图 8(b)可知,震后电离层Es层也探测到较为显著的电离层扰动。因此,地震期间电离层foF2和foEs出现的波动现象极有可能由地震引发。
利用G04、G16和G26卫星与震中西北部、东部和南部GPS站的观测数据,分析日本能登半岛MW7.6地震引发的电离层扰动特征。基于GPS TEC技术获取电离层TEC数据,确定CIDs出现时间、扰动幅度和传播方向等,并利用测高仪数据进一步验证CIDs的传播机制,得到以下结论:
1) 在震后约9~10 min,3颗卫星均记录到较为明显的“N”形CIDs。G04卫星在震中西北部探测到最大扰动幅值约为0.07 TECu的CIDs;G16卫星在震中南部探测到的CIDs最大扰动幅度(约0.21 TECu)明显高于G26卫星(约0.13 TECu);G16卫星在震中东部探测到最大扰动幅值约为0.08 TECu的CIDs,随着距离增加,扰动量级逐渐减小;在震中北部未探测到明显的CIDs。
2) 通过分析CIDs动态传播特征发现,在震中西北部、东部和南部探测到的电离层扰动属于同一类CIDs,传播速度在589~876 m/s之间,对应的中心频率约为2.9~3.14 MHz。3颗卫星探测到的CIDs传播速度及其频率与地震声波在电离层的传播速度和频率较为吻合,符合地震声波激发的电离层扰动特征。G16和G26卫星在震中南部探测到比其他方向更为显著的CIDs,与地震断层走向(西南方向)较为一致,这种显著性可能是由于逆冲型地震的垂直位移较大,导致CIDs信号的扰动幅度增加。不同方向上探测到的CIDs传播速度和幅度存在差异,可能与带电粒子受地磁场的影响、GPS站与卫星之间的几何关系等有关。通过分析震中南部测高站数据发现,震后电离层foF2和foEs数据均出现显著波动,进一步表明震中南部形成的CIDs由地震声波所引起。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41861058)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.434
  • 接收时间:2024-09-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41861058)
国家自然科学基金(41861058)
作者信息
    1 东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院, 南昌市广兰大道418号, 330013

通讯作者:

罗亦泳,博士,教授,主要从事测绘数据处理研究,E-mail:

LUO Yiyong, PhD, professor, majors in surveying and mapping data processing, E-mail:

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