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Article(id=1322506558496424092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506406058635943, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.11.534, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732550400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239734529, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1763136000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239734529, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239734529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239734529, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506406058635943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1210', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1763136000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239698184, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239698184, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1149, endPage=1154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506559821824158, articleId=1322506558496424092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Feasibility on Seismic Source Rupture Process Inversion Constrained by Borehole Strain Waves, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to verify the feasibility of CPS software in the strain wave simulation, and examine whether CPS is useful for seismic source parameter inversion constrained by borehole strain waves. We use CPS and QSSP software to calculate the strain waves of virtual stations, respectively. The body wave and surface wave obtained from both methods exhibit a high degree of correlation. Taking the MW7.0 earthquake in Kyushu Island, Japan on August 8, 2024 as an example, the strain waves from six stations with epicenter distance greater than 30° are simulated using CPS software. The results indicate that the simulated waves show good agreement with the observed S-waves, and the average correlation among the five stations is significant. Theoretically, S-wave combined with CPS software can be used to invert the seismic source rupture process.

, authors=Luhao LI1, 2, Qi LI1, 2, Yan ZHANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Luhao LI, Qi LI, Yan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan ZHANG, authorNote=

LI Luhao, postgraduate, majors in crustal deformation, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506561826701486, articleId=1322506558496424092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=钻孔应变波约束的震源破裂过程反演可行性研究, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为验证利用CPS软件模拟应变波的可行性, 检验CPS软件是否适用于以钻孔应变波为约束的震源参数反演研究, 本文首先利用CPS软件和QSSP软件分别计算虚拟台站的应变波, 二者结果的体波和面波均达到高度相关; 然后以2024-08-08日本九州岛MW7.0地震为例, 利用CPS软件模拟6个震中距大于30°的观测台站的应变波, 结果表明, 模拟波形和实际观测的S波拟合较好, 其中5个台站达到显著相关。因此认为, 可以利用远场应变波的S波段和CPS软件反演震源破裂过程。

, authors=李禄豪1, 2, 李琦1, 2, 张燕1, 2, *, authorsList=李禄豪, 李琦, 张燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张燕, authorNote=

李禄豪, 硕士生, 主要从事地壳形变研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

张燕, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事地壳形变与地震预测研究, E-mail:

ZHANG Yan, PhD, associate researcher, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有，未经授权，不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=miH+AsR2BoiiGIJRYG94Tw==, magXml=rpTQ8isR+q1SQnC+WW0eIw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=08YZ7S6UoukJHV8vmVO+BQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BPX0dUSYw5InPKvlfqxlOQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322506562225160374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liluhao2024@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322506562317435065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, authorId=1322506562225160374, language=EN, stringName=Luhao LI, firstName=Luhao, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Institute of Seismology, CEA, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China
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LI Luhao, postgraduate, majors in crustal deformation, E-mail:

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LI Luhao, postgraduate, majors in crustal deformation, E-mail:

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李禄豪, 硕士生, 主要从事地壳形变研究, E-mail:

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Seismological Research Letters, 2013, 84 (6): 1081- 1088, articleTitle=Computer Programs in Seismology: An Evolving Tool for Instruction and Research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570001400054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2020.06.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=565, pageEnd=570, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=黄勇, 陈威, 李琦, journalName=大地测量与地球动力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄勇, 陈威, 李琦, 等. 基于GPS、InSAR和强震数据联合反演2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震同震滑动分布[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2020, 40 (6): 565- 570, articleTitle=基于GPS、InSAR和强震数据联合反演2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震同震滑动分布, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570093674743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2020.06.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=565, pageEnd=570, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Huang Yong, Chen Wei, Li Qi, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Huang Yong , Chen Wei , Li Qi , et al. Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 2017 MS7.0 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake from Joint Inversion of GPS, InSAR and Strong Motion Data[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2020, 40 (6): 565- 570, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570173366520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=10.1785/gssrl.70.2.154, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=70, issue=2, pageStart=154, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=Crotwell H P, Owens T J, Ritsema J, journalName=Seismological Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Crotwell H P , Owens T J , Ritsema J . The TauP Toolkit: Flexible Seismic Travel-Time and Ray-Path Utilities[J]. Seismological Research Letters, 1999, 70 (2): 154- 160, articleTitle=The TauP Toolkit: Flexible Seismic Travel-Time and Ray-Path Utilities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570253058297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1671-5942.2010.z2.009, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=30, issue=增2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=唐磊, 邱泽华, 宋茉, journalName=大地测量与地球动力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐磊, 邱泽华, 宋茉. 钻孔四分量应变观测自检内精度分析[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2010, 30 (增2): 36- 39, articleTitle=钻孔四分量应变观测自检内精度分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570336944378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1671-5942.2010.z2.009, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=30, issue=S2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Tang Lei, Qiu Zehua, Song Mo, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Tang Lei , Qiu Zehua , Song Mo . Self-Test Accuracy of 4-Component Borehole Strain Observation[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2010, 30 (S2): 36- 39, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570408247547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=邱泽华, journalName=钻孔应变观测理论和应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邱泽华. 钻孔应变观测理论和应用[M]. 北京: 地震出版社, 2017, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506570571825404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Qiu Zehua, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Qiu Zehua . Theory and Application of Borehole Strain Observation[M]. 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articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Strain simulation results of virtual stations, figureFileSmall=tQGuJKMecqKCPEk26bHfBw==, figureFileBig=PEs0UNDWHU6fIvekuq7XFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506565714821332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=图2, caption=虚拟台站应变模拟结果, figureFileSmall=tQGuJKMecqKCPEk26bHfBw==, figureFileBig=PEs0UNDWHU6fIvekuq7XFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506565777735893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=CPS simulation value and QSSP simulation value fitting, figureFileSmall=oo1XPiC6/OqN+MMyvtkJTA==, figureFileBig=q5Y2mMhnLrvlyeYKoW2/2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506565849039062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CPS模拟值和QSSP模拟值拟合, 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simulation value and actual observation value fitting, figureFileSmall=LYcT02ymK9LHP8lB4jD70g==, figureFileBig=by3FWDj+Vzvz+dUCUxInfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506566385909982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CPS模拟值与实际观测值拟合, figureFileSmall=LYcT02ymK9LHP8lB4jD70g==, figureFileBig=by3FWDj+Vzvz+dUCUxInfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506566444630239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Information of virtual stations

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台站编号 震中距/(°) P波理论到时/s S波理论到时/s
1 10 143.52 255.80
2 10 144.07 256.78
3 20 273.61 497.14
4 20 276.84 497.53
5 30 368.17 665.75
6 30 368.52 666.38
7 40 453.70 818.44
8 40 453.78 818.59
), ArticleFig(id=1322506566511739104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

虚拟台站信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站编号 震中距/(°) P波理论到时/s S波理论到时/s
1 10 143.52 255.80
2 10 144.07 256.78
3 20 273.61 497.14
4 20 276.84 497.53
5 30 368.17 665.75
6 30 368.52 666.38
7 40 453.70 818.44
8 40 453.78 818.59
), ArticleFig(id=1322506566629179617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Quantitative evaluation of correlation between CPS and QSSP theoretical data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站编号 震中距/(°) 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型
1 10 NS 0.982 4 高度相关 EW 0.992 1 高度相关
2 10 NS 0.978 5 高度相关 EW 0.992 4 高度相关
3 20 NS 0.957 9 高度相关 EW 0.933 7 高度相关
4 20 NS 0.980 0 高度相关 EW 0.908 0 高度相关
5 30 NS 0.942 4 高度相关 EW 0.987 9 高度相关
6 30 NS 0.919 7 高度相关 EW 0.988 3 高度相关
7 40 NS 0.946 9 高度相关 EW 0.954 4 高度相关
8 40 NS 0.974 3 高度相关 EW 0.932 2 高度相关
), ArticleFig(id=1322506566700482786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CPS理论数据与QSSP理论数据关联性量化评估

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台站编号 震中距/(°) 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型
1 10 NS 0.982 4 高度相关 EW 0.992 1 高度相关
2 10 NS 0.978 5 高度相关 EW 0.992 4 高度相关
3 20 NS 0.957 9 高度相关 EW 0.933 7 高度相关
4 20 NS 0.980 0 高度相关 EW 0.908 0 高度相关
5 30 NS 0.942 4 高度相关 EW 0.987 9 高度相关
6 30 NS 0.919 7 高度相关 EW 0.988 3 高度相关
7 40 NS 0.946 9 高度相关 EW 0.954 4 高度相关
8 40 NS 0.974 3 高度相关 EW 0.932 2 高度相关
), ArticleFig(id=1322506566780174563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Information of each station

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编号 仪器型号 台站名称 台站经度
/(°)		 台站纬度
/(°)		 震中距
/(°)
1 SKZ-3型 南山口台 94.8 36.1 30.70
2 RZB-2型 库米什台 88.1 42.2 35.87
3 RZB-2型 榆树沟台 87.7 43.7 36.30
4 RZB-2型 巴仑台 86.6 42.9 37.01
5 RZB-2型 乌什台 79.2 41.2 42.56
6 RZB-2型 马场台 75.5 39.1 45.57
), ArticleFig(id=1322506566864060644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各台站信息

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编号 仪器型号 台站名称 台站经度
/(°)		 台站纬度
/(°)		 震中距
/(°)
1 SKZ-3型 南山口台 94.8 36.1 30.70
2 RZB-2型 库米什台 88.1 42.2 35.87
3 RZB-2型 榆树沟台 87.7 43.7 36.30
4 RZB-2型 巴仑台 86.6 42.9 37.01
5 RZB-2型 乌什台 79.2 41.2 42.56
6 RZB-2型 马场台 75.5 39.1 45.57
), ArticleFig(id=1322506566926975206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Actual and theoretical arrival times of P-waves at each borehole strain station

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 台站名称 震中距/(°) P波理论到时/s P波实际到时/s P波到时差/s S波理论到时/s
1 南山口台 30.70 372.8 514 141.2 674.1
2 库米什台 35.87 417.9 444 26.1 754.3
3 榆树沟台 36.30 421.6 515 93.4 760.9
4 巴仑台 37.01 427.6 556 128.4 771.7
5 乌什台 42.56 473.8 500 26.2 854.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322506567019249895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各钻孔应变台站P波实际到时与理论到时

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 台站名称 震中距/(°) P波理论到时/s P波实际到时/s P波到时差/s S波理论到时/s
1 南山口台 30.70 372.8 514 141.2 674.1
2 库米什台 35.87 417.9 444 26.1 754.3
3 榆树沟台 36.30 421.6 515 93.4 760.9
4 巴仑台 37.01 427.6 556 128.4 771.7
5 乌什台 42.56 473.8 500 26.2 854.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322506567090553064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Correlation coefficient between CPS theoretical data and observation data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 台站名称 震中距/(°) 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型
1 南山口台 30.70 NS 0.889 6 高度相关 EW 0.882 7 高度相关
2 库米什台 35.87 NS 0.894 1 高度相关 EW 0.936 5 高度相关
3 榆树沟台 36.30 NS 0.947 2 高度相关 EW 0.912 7 高度相关
4 巴仑台 37.01 NS 0.552 2 显著相关 EW 0.468 5 中度相关
5 乌什台 42.56 NS 0.642 7 显著相关 EW - -
), ArticleFig(id=1322506567182827753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506558496424092, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

CPS理论数据与观测数据互相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 台站名称 震中距/(°) 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型 选取分量 互相关系数 相关类型
1 南山口台 30.70 NS 0.889 6 高度相关 EW 0.882 7 高度相关
2 库米什台 35.87 NS 0.894 1 高度相关 EW 0.936 5 高度相关
3 榆树沟台 36.30 NS 0.947 2 高度相关 EW 0.912 7 高度相关
4 巴仑台 37.01 NS 0.552 2 显著相关 EW 0.468 5 中度相关
5 乌什台 42.56 NS 0.642 7 显著相关 EW - -
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钻孔应变波约束的震源破裂过程反演可行性研究
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李禄豪 1, 2 , 李琦 1, 2 , 张燕 1, 2, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(11): 1149-1154
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (11) : 1149 -1154
钻孔应变波约束的震源破裂过程反演可行性研究
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李禄豪1, 2 , 李琦1, 2, 张燕1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地震研究所, 武汉市洪山侧路40号, 430071
  • 2 中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室, 武汉市洪山测路40号, 430071
通讯作者:

张燕, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事地壳形变与地震预测研究, E-mail:

ZHANG Yan, PhD, associate researcher, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail:

作者简介:

李禄豪, 硕士生, 主要从事地壳形变研究, E-mail:

Feasibility on Seismic Source Rupture Process Inversion Constrained by Borehole Strain Waves
Luhao LI1, 2 , Qi LI1, 2, Yan ZHANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Seismology, CEA, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, CEA, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China

    • LI Luhao, postgraduate, majors in crustal deformation, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-11-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.11.534
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摘要
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为验证利用CPS软件模拟应变波的可行性, 检验CPS软件是否适用于以钻孔应变波为约束的震源参数反演研究, 本文首先利用CPS软件和QSSP软件分别计算虚拟台站的应变波, 二者结果的体波和面波均达到高度相关; 然后以2024-08-08日本九州岛MW7.0地震为例, 利用CPS软件模拟6个震中距大于30°的观测台站的应变波, 结果表明, 模拟波形和实际观测的S波拟合较好, 其中5个台站达到显著相关。因此认为, 可以利用远场应变波的S波段和CPS软件反演震源破裂过程。

钻孔应变仪  /  CPS  /  QSSP  /  震源破裂过程反演  /  震源参数

In order to verify the feasibility of CPS software in the strain wave simulation, and examine whether CPS is useful for seismic source parameter inversion constrained by borehole strain waves. We use CPS and QSSP software to calculate the strain waves of virtual stations, respectively. The body wave and surface wave obtained from both methods exhibit a high degree of correlation. Taking the MW7.0 earthquake in Kyushu Island, Japan on August 8, 2024 as an example, the strain waves from six stations with epicenter distance greater than 30° are simulated using CPS software. The results indicate that the simulated waves show good agreement with the observed S-waves, and the average correlation among the five stations is significant. Theoretically, S-wave combined with CPS software can be used to invert the seismic source rupture process.

borehole strainmeter  /  CPS  /  QSSP  /  source rupture process inversion  /  source parameter
李禄豪, 李琦, 张燕. 钻孔应变波约束的震源破裂过程反演可行性研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (11) : 1149 -1154 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.11.534
Luhao LI, Qi LI, Yan ZHANG. Feasibility on Seismic Source Rupture Process Inversion Constrained by Borehole Strain Waves[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (11) : 1149 -1154 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.11.534
正文
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通过长期观测实践，钻孔应变仪历经多次技术改进与性能优化，目前已形成完整的连续观测体系，可为地壳形变研究提供高时间分辨率的数据支撑。钻孔应变仪一般安装于土层或岩层的钻孔内，具有抗干扰能力强、精度高、观测频带宽、受地形限制少、实时观测等优点，现代钻孔应变仪已实现同震动态应变响应和静态应变观测，并在震级估计及地震预警中展现出独特优势[1]。QSSP软件[2]采用一种结合球对称性和自重的地球模型，利用混合方法计算完整的合成地震图，涵盖海洋、大气、地幔、固态与液态内核等多个层次结构。该软件通过配置文件的方式设置输入和输出参数，导致其不宜被其他程序调用，这也是制约钻孔应变波数据应用于震源参数反演的原因之一[2-3]。CPS软件[4]可计算水平分层模型下的理论地震图等，主要是以命令行的形式传递参数，易于被Python等语言调用，因此更适用于编写反演程序[5]，但目前尚无将其应用到实际地震钻孔应变波模拟的研究。
本文首先设置不同震中距的虚拟台站，采用相同地球介质模型和震源参数，分别使用QSSP软件和CPS软件模拟虚拟台站的应变波，对比分析二者结果的异同。然后以2024年日本九州岛MW7.0地震为例，利用CPS软件模拟实际观测站的应变波，分析实际观测值与模拟值之间的相关性，检验将CPS软件应用于以钻孔应变波为约束的震源参数反演的可行性。
1 CPS与QSSP虚拟台站应变波模拟对比
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在震中距约为10°、20°、30°、40°的位置各设置2个虚拟台站，虚拟震源位于0.00°N、0.00°E，虚拟震源深度为13.4 km，震源机制参数设置为走向105°、倾角82°、滑动角1°(图 1)。地球介质模型采用全球介质模型AK135，利用TauP软件[6]计算8个虚拟台站的P波和S波理论走时(表 1)，模拟采样间隔设置为1 s，样本数为2 048，应变波模拟结果见图 2。
为进一步量化分析，本文使用唐磊等[7]提出的应变相关系数对CPS软件和QSSP软件模拟应变波的相关性进行评价。相关系数ρ越大，表明二者的相关性越大，波形越相似。相关程度按照互相关系数大小分为4类：ρ＜0.3为弱相关，0.3≤ρ＜0.5为中度相关，0.5≤ρ＜0.8为显著相关，0.8≤ρ＜1为高度相关。
为最大程度减少互相关分析的干扰因素，本文采取对齐P波到时的方法对连续波形实施时窗截取，确保截取后的CPS软件模拟的P波到时与QSSP软件理论计算的传播时程精确吻合，并对截取后的CPS软件模拟值和QSSP软件模拟值进行互相关分析，按照震中距从小到大排列，波形拟合结果见图 3。在本文研究的8个虚拟台站范围内，CPS软件与QSSP软件计算得到的理论数据互相关类型见表 2。
从拟合结果来看，利用CPS软件和QSSP软件分别计算得到的8个虚拟台站的NS、EW分量数据，P波、S波和面波的拟合结果均达到高度相关，拟合的互相关系数平均值分别为0.960 2和0.961 1，说明CPS软件可用来正演模拟应变波。
2 日本九州岛7.0级地震应变观测
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2.1 九州岛7.0级地震震源与钻孔应变仪台站相对位置关系
根据中国地震台网中心(CENC)测定，北京时间2024-08-08 15:42:58日本九州岛附近海域(31.8°N，131.7°E)发生MS7.1地震，震源深度30 km。美国地质调查局(USGS)震源机制解反演结果显示，本次地震矩张量中心位于31.760°N、131.502°E，地震矩为5.316×1019 Nm，矩震级标定为MW7.1，震源深度23.5 km。全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)项目给出的震源中心为31.67°N、131.68°E，震级为MW7.0，震源深度24.3 km，震源机制参数为走向201°、倾角21°、滑动角80°。
本文选用6个台站的钻孔应变仪记录的同震信号数据，各台站名称、仪器型号、台站经纬度及震中距见表 3，台站和震中分布见图 4。
2.2 观测数据自洽分析及相对实地标定
经过长期技术迭代，我国自主研发的四分量钻孔应变仪在探头结构上已实现优化升级，其核心创新在于采用四元件观测(相邻元件间隔45°)，且观测数据须符合理论关系式：
$S_1+S_3=S_2+S_4$
在探头与围岩耦合良好时，四元件的观测值Si(i=1, 2, 3, 4)应满足理论自洽关系。自洽程度可反映观测数据的可靠程度，为衡量自洽程度，引用面应变相关系数r[7]：
$\begin{gathered}r= \\\frac{\sum S_{13} S_{24}-\frac{\sum S_{13} \sum S_{24}}{N}}{\sqrt{\left(\sum S_{13}^2-\frac{\left(\sum S_{13}\right)^2}{N}\right)\left(\sum S_{24}^2-\frac{\left(\sum S_{24}\right)^2}{N}\right)}}\end{gathered}$
式中，S13和S24分别对应元件组S1+S3和S2+S4的合成面应变；N为数据个数。面应变相关系数是评价数据自洽性的核心指标，其数值趋近于1时，表明观测系统处于理想耦合状态。针对研究涉及的6个台站秒采样数据，计算发震时刻的面应变相关系数r。结果表明，面应变相关系数r均接近于1，验证了数据的物理一致性与可靠性。当实测数据偏离自洽方程时(S1+S3≠S2+S4)，主要归因于井下探头的元件灵敏度差异，对此利用文献[8]中方法对所有元件的灵敏度变化进行相对实地标定，再对观测数据进行校正。
2.3 应变换算
CPS软件计算得到的是柱坐标系(r，φ，z)下的应变波，因此在利用模拟结果拟合钻孔应变仪观测数据并分析其相关性之前，需先转换到N、E、U直角坐标系下。
以震中为参考点，r为钻孔应变仪台站方向，θ为台站到震源的坐标方位角，应变变换矩阵可表示为：
$\left[\begin{array}{lll}e_{11} & e_{12} & e_{13} \\e_{12} & e_{22} & e_{23} \\e_{13} & e_{23} & e_{33}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\cos \theta & -\sin \theta & 0 \\\sin \theta & \cos \theta & 0 \\0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{lll}e_{r r} & e_{r \varphi} & e_{r z} \\e_{r \varphi} & e_{\varphi \varphi} & e_{\varphi z} \\e_{r z} & e_{\varphi z} & e_{z z}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\cos \theta & \sin \theta & 0 \\-\sin \theta & \cos \theta & 0 \\0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right]$
式中，e11和e22分别代表NS分量和EW分量。根据式(3)可将虚拟台站的应变模拟值转换到N、E、U坐标系下的NS向和EW向应变。
2.4 滤波处理及时间校正
采用经过§2.2中NS分量和EW分量标定的秒级采样数据进行研究，分析时间为北京时间2024-08-08。为保证数据质量，对数据序列中存在的突跳噪声进行剔除，并通过插值方法处理异常值，尽量减少其对分析结果的影响。由于各台站受潮汐效应影响较大，低频噪声的干扰不可忽视，采用高通滤波器对信号进行预处理，去除低频成分信号。本文利用设计的带通滤波器，频率为0.02~0.2 Hz，对钻孔应变仪观测数据进行滤波处理。由于马场台站噪声太大，未识别到震相，故本文仅对剩下的5个台站数据进行处理。
以发震时刻为零点，截取2 000 s时间窗口，得到5个台站NS分量和EW分量的应变观测值波形(图 5)，并按照震中距大小进行排列，同时在图中用蓝色线段标明P波初至时刻。观测数据的可靠性由综合性能指标共同决定，其不仅与探头的灵敏度阈值有关，更关键的是授时系统的时间同步误差。利用TauP软件分别求得5个台站的P波理论初至时间，并将P波理论到时与实际到时作差，得到P波到时差(表 4)。对于P波不好识别的台站，将S波实际到时与理论到时作差，完成对P波到达时间的校正。
2.5 CPS软件应变模拟波形
本文采用全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)项目提供的参数输入文件，CPS软件使用的地球模型为厚度模型，在此采用AK135模型，采样间隔为1 s，样本数为2 048，计算得到南山口台、库米什台等5个台站NS分量和EW分量的应变模拟值波形，并按震中距大小排列，同时标明P波初至时刻(图 6)。
2.6 应变观测数据与模拟值互相关分析
为最大程度减少互相关分析的干扰因素，为后续利用S波进行反演分析作准备，本文从P波到时开始对监测数据进行截取，使得截取后的理论数据P波到时与观测值P波到时在时间上对应。对截取后的CPS软件模拟值(经§2.3应变变换后)和实际观测应变数据进行互相关分析，并按照震中距从小到大排列，波形拟合结果见图 7和表 5。
从拟合结果来看，利用CPS软件计算得到的NS分量和EW分量结果中，NS分量显著相关以上的台站有5个，平均互相关系数为0.785 2，EW分量显著相关以上的台站有3个，平均相关系数为0.800 1。南山口台、库米什台、榆树沟台3个台站2个分量的P波、S波拟合效果都很好；巴仑台和乌什台由于P波到达时受同频率噪声的干扰，使得P波、S波的识别存在一定困难，需要结合其他资料进行分析。CPS软件计算得到的模拟波形达到显著相关的标准。研究中获得数据的台站不多，原因为目前秒采样的台站较少，大多为分钟采样，本文筛选的震中距30°以上的台站更是少之又少，随着钻孔应变秒采样仪器的发展，今后数据会逐渐完善。
综上所述，本文基于GCMT提供的震源参数，通过CPS软件正演模拟获得5个台站的模拟应变波形，模拟结果与四分量钻孔应变仪实测数据的P波、S波表现出显著的一致性，震相吻合较好，5个台站均达到显著相关以上。这一发现印证了四分量钻孔应变仪观测数据可以较好地记录到地震破裂信息，可以作为研究地震破裂过程的数据源，也可结合S波和CPS软件对震源破裂过程进行反演。
3 结语
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本文基于2024年日本九州岛MW7.0地震，对震中距30°以上的5个台站的四分量钻孔应变仪秒采样数据与CPS软件计算所得的理论应变数据的互相关情况进行分析，结果表明，正演模拟结果可靠，可用于震源反演和地球模型的检验。此外，本文研究也存在以下问题：本文选用的是震中距30°以上的台站，数据较少，部分台站未记录到数据，原因可能为仪器故障或者停测。目前基于USGS或GCMT提供的参数，使用的主流研究软件为QSSP软件，且正演应变波形主要是拟合P波。本文利用CPS软件和QSSP软件分别计算得到8个虚拟台站的NS分量和EW分量数据，P波、S波拟合结果均达到高度相关，说明CPS软件与QSSP软件均达到正演模拟的标准，理论来说2个软件均可用来反演地震破裂过程，这一结果为利用S波反演地壳模型和震源机制提供了思路和可能。
基金
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  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB834)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB703)
  • 中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费专项(IS202326339)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
1
石耀霖, 尹迪, 任天翔, 等. 首次直接观测到与理论预测一致的同震静态应力偏量变化: 2016年4月7日山西原平ML4.7地震的钻孔应变观测[J]. 地球物理学报, 2021, 64 (6): 1937- 1948
Shi Yaolin , Yin Di , Ren Tianxiang , et al. The Variation of Coseismic Static Stress Deviation Consistent with Theoretical Prediction Was Observed for the First Time: Observation of Borehole Strain of the Yuanping ML4.7 Earthquake in Shanxi on April 7, 2016[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2021, 64 (6): 1937- 1948
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王宇龙, 张燕, 王迪晋. 2022年门源MS6.9地震同震应变观测[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2024, 44 (2): 177- 182
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Qiu Zehua . Theory and Application of Borehole Strain Observation[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2017
2025年第45卷第11期
26
9
引用本文
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文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.11.534
  • 接收时间：2024-11-26
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-11-15
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-11-26
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2025AFB834)
湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB834)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2025AFB703)
湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB703)
Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Seismology, CEA and National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEM(IS202326339)
中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费专项(IS202326339)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局地震研究所, 武汉市洪山侧路40号, 430071
    2 中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室, 武汉市洪山测路40号, 430071

通讯作者:

张燕, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事地壳形变与地震预测研究, E-mail:

ZHANG Yan, PhD, associate researcher, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail:

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.11.534
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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