Article(id=1322506517740368246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506501562937604, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.582, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735142400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239724811, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239724811, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239724811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239724811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506501562937604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='1211', pageEnd='1316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765728000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239720954, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239720954, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1310, endPage=1316, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506517912334711, articleId=1322506517740368246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Strain Field in Xuzhou and Gaochun Areas and Seismic Response Characteristics of Tidal Factors of Gaochun Station, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We quantitatively analyzed the crustal strain changes in Xuzhou and Gaochun areas of Jiangsu province from 2019 to 2023 using four-component borehole strainmeters, and explored the characteristics of regional strain field and its relationship with seismic activity. According to the strain parameter results, both Xuzhou and Gaochun areas were in a stable state during the study period. The response values of tidal factors at Gaochun seismic station exhibited an abnormal change of first dispersion, then stabilization before and after the M5.0 earthquake in Dafeng sea area of Yancheng, Jiangsu province. Through the analysis of its variation characteristics, the relationship with the strike of faults and the focal mechanism solution of earthquakes, it can be inferred that in the process of earthquake preparation, the stress and strain in this area experienced a process from accumulation to release, and the tidal factors can reflect this change to a certain extent.

, authors=Ran HAO1, Chi YANG2, Bin HE2, Dong ZHANG2, Peng ZHANG1, Mingzhi GAO1, Cen ZHANG2, authorsList=Ran HAO, Chi YANG, Bin HE, Dong ZHANG, Peng ZHANG, Mingzhi GAO, Cen ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

HAO Ran, engineer, majors in geophysics, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506521804648847, articleId=1322506517740368246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=徐州、高淳地区应变场及高淳台潮汐因子地震响应特征, columnId=1322506256904994864, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=观测技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用四分量钻孔应变仪对江苏省徐州和高淳地区2019—2023年地壳应变变化进行定量分析,探究区域应变场特征及其与地震活动性的关系。由应变参数结果可知,徐州和高淳地区在研究时段处于稳定状态。高淳台潮汐因子响应值在江苏盐城大丰海域5.0级地震前后出现先离散后稳定的异常变化。通过分析其变化特征、与断裂走向和地震震源机制解的关系推断,在孕震过程中,该区域应力应变经历了从积累到释放的过程,且潮汐因子能够在一定程度上反映该变化。

, authors=郝冉1, 杨驰2, 何斌2, 章东2, 张朋1, 高明智1, 张岑2, authorsList=郝冉, 杨驰, 何斌, 章东, 张朋, 高明智, 张岑, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

郝冉,工程师,主要研究方向为地球物理学,E-mail:

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HAO Ran, engineer, majors in geophysics, E-mail:

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黄色线条代表苏北-南黄海盆地构造边界;沙滩球代表USGS给出的大丰海域5.0级地震的震源机制解;黑色线条代表断层。F1:郯庐断裂带;F2: 无锡-宿迁断裂;F3:苏北-滨海断裂;F4:嘉山-响水口断裂;F5:连云港-千里岩断裂;f1:泰州断裂;f2:小海-陈家堡断裂;f3:盐城-南洋岸断裂;f4:洪泽-沟墩断裂

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徐州、高淳地区应变场及高淳台潮汐因子地震响应特征
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郝冉 1 , 杨驰 2 , 何斌 2 , 章东 2 , 张朋 1 , 高明智 1 , 张岑 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 观测技术 2025,45(12): 1310-1316
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大地测量与地球动力学 |观测技术 2025 , 45 (12) : 1310 -1316
徐州、高淳地区应变场及高淳台潮汐因子地震响应特征
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郝冉1 , 杨驰2, 何斌2, 章东2, 张朋1, 高明智1, 张岑2
作者信息
  • 1 宿迁地震监测中心站, 江苏省徐州市泰山南路72-2号, 221008
  • 2 江苏省地震局, 南京市卫岗3号, 210014
作者简介:

郝冉,工程师,主要研究方向为地球物理学,E-mail:

Strain Field in Xuzhou and Gaochun Areas and Seismic Response Characteristics of Tidal Factors of Gaochun Station
Ran HAO1 , Chi YANG2, Bin HE2, Dong ZHANG2, Peng ZHANG1, Mingzhi GAO1, Cen ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 Suqian Earthquake Monitoring Center Station, 72-2 South-Taishan Road, Xuzhou 221008, China
  • 2 Jiangsu Earthquake Agency, 3 Weigang, Nanjing 210014, China
  • HAO Ran, engineer, majors in geophysics, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.582
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利用四分量钻孔应变仪对江苏省徐州和高淳地区2019—2023年地壳应变变化进行定量分析,探究区域应变场特征及其与地震活动性的关系。由应变参数结果可知,徐州和高淳地区在研究时段处于稳定状态。高淳台潮汐因子响应值在江苏盐城大丰海域5.0级地震前后出现先离散后稳定的异常变化。通过分析其变化特征、与断裂走向和地震震源机制解的关系推断,在孕震过程中,该区域应力应变经历了从积累到释放的过程,且潮汐因子能够在一定程度上反映该变化。

应力应变特征  /  维尼迪科夫调和分析  /  分量钻孔应变仪  /  应变场  /  潮汐因子

We quantitatively analyzed the crustal strain changes in Xuzhou and Gaochun areas of Jiangsu province from 2019 to 2023 using four-component borehole strainmeters, and explored the characteristics of regional strain field and its relationship with seismic activity. According to the strain parameter results, both Xuzhou and Gaochun areas were in a stable state during the study period. The response values of tidal factors at Gaochun seismic station exhibited an abnormal change of first dispersion, then stabilization before and after the M5.0 earthquake in Dafeng sea area of Yancheng, Jiangsu province. Through the analysis of its variation characteristics, the relationship with the strike of faults and the focal mechanism solution of earthquakes, it can be inferred that in the process of earthquake preparation, the stress and strain in this area experienced a process from accumulation to release, and the tidal factors can reflect this change to a certain extent.

stress-strain characteristics  /  Venidikov harmonic analysis  /  component borehole strainmeter  /  strain field  /  tidal factors
郝冉, 杨驰, 何斌, 章东, 张朋, 高明智, 张岑. 徐州、高淳地区应变场及高淳台潮汐因子地震响应特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (12) : 1310 -1316 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.582
Ran HAO, Chi YANG, Bin HE, Dong ZHANG, Peng ZHANG, Mingzhi GAO, Cen ZHANG. Strain Field in Xuzhou and Gaochun Areas and Seismic Response Characteristics of Tidal Factors of Gaochun Station[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (12) : 1310 -1316 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.582
江苏地区位于华东地块东部,地震活动性较中国西部低,但因人口密集、城市发展水平高,若发生地震将产生严重影响。华东地区内郯庐断裂活动历史悠久、影响范围广,茅山断裂活动性强、对周边地震活动及地质灾害影响深远,二者的地震活动性备受关注[1-5]。现阶段江苏地区地壳形变监测研究虽取得一定成果[6-7],但利用钻孔应变观测数据的详尽分析相对滞后。
四分量钻孔应变仪可观测地壳应变变化,监测构造运动的持续演变[8],提供应变变化主要方向和速率信息。部分学者利用该仪器进行相关研究[9-11],如提出应变参数换算方法,推导耦合系数计算公式,通过计算潮汐因子玫瑰图监测断层接触状态等,但基于其观测数据解算应变参数并结合潮汐因子玫瑰图结果的综合分析尚待开展,相关研究成果较少。
徐州台和高淳台布设有2套YRY-4型四分量钻孔应变仪,数据质量高、运行稳定,可为郯庐断裂带及溧阳震区应变场特性研究提供数据支撑。本文利用2019—2023年江苏地区四分量钻孔应变仪观测数据解算应变参数,分析应力状态,并结合潮汐因子玫瑰图综合分析应变场,对探究研究区地球动力学特征和反映应力状态、运动方向、运动速率与地震活动的关系具有重要参考意义。
江苏省地跨华北板块和扬子板块两大一级构造单元,区域内断裂构造较为发育,其中郯庐断裂、茅山断裂值得关注(图 1)。江苏地区2套分量应变仪分别布设于距郯庐断裂带及茅山断裂较近的基岩上,其中徐州台处于郯庐断裂带江苏段、无锡-宿迁断裂西侧,第1分量方位角为42°,台基岩性为寒武系灰岩;高淳台处于郯庐断裂带南段东侧、茅山断裂带西侧,第1分量方位角为-33°,台基岩性为第三系长石砂页岩。
四分量钻孔应变观测的是地壳浅地表水平方向的应变变化(本质上观测的是该测点附加应力的连续变化),工作原理是将内部含有电容式位移传感器的探头安装在钻孔中,在钻孔与探头间填充特制水泥进行耦合,测量探头套筒内径的相对变化。在θ方向布设的传感器可直接测定探头套筒在该方向内径的相对位移Sθ,即元件长度变化量与元件长度之比。Sθ与ε1、ε2和φ的关系可表示为[12]:
$S_\theta=A\left(\varepsilon_1-\varepsilon_2\right)+B\left(\varepsilon_1-\varepsilon_2\right) \cos 2(\theta-\varphi)$
式中,A、B为耦合系数,为2个特定常数,其取值与测点所用套筒、水泥及岩性相关;ε1为最大主应变;ε2为最小主应变;φ为正北方向与最大主应变ε1之间的夹角。
自洽分析是指探头套筒在钻孔中耦合理想的情况下,4路观测数据应满足自检方程[12],可解算平面应变参数,同时能检验观测数据的可靠程度。
由于实际观测中探头套筒在钻孔中耦合程度无法达到理想状态,因此需要采用实地相对标定方法[13-14]对仪器进行机械标定,目的是利用元件灵敏度校正系数纠正各元件观测值对自洽方程的偏离。
根据四分量钻孔应变仪观测数据具有对称性的特点,为清晰表述其物理意义,参照标准DB/T54—2013《地震地壳形变观测方法钻孔应变观测》,采用主应变-主方向坐标进行应变数据计算,设Si(i=1, 2, 3, 4)为观测值,令:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}S_{13}=S_1-S_3 \\S_{24}=S_2-S_4 \\S_a=\left(S_1+S_2+S_3+S_4\right) / 2\end{array}\right.$
式中,Sa为替代面应变;S13和S24为2组替代剪应变,由此可将4个观测值变为3个间接观测值。利用三角公式可得主应变(ε1、ε2)和主方向φ[15]:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\varepsilon_1=\frac{1}{4 A} S_a+\frac{1}{4 B} \sqrt{S_{13}^2+S_{24}^2} \\\varepsilon_2=\frac{1}{4 A} S_a-\frac{1}{4 B} \sqrt{S_{13}^2+S_{24}^2} \\\varphi=\frac{1}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left(\frac{S_{24}}{S_{13}}\right)+\theta_1\end{array}\right.$
式中,θ1为1号元件方位;φ为需要求解的主应变方向,即钻孔区域受应力时实际变形后最大变形椭球的长轴方位。需要说明的是,主应变方向不能代表主张应力方向或主压应力方向,应根据唐磊等[16]提出的应力应变状态判定方法进行具体分析。
池顺良等[9]认为,应变观测中的断层阻断效应使台站附近固体潮应变与理论值存在较大偏差,且潮汐因子玫瑰图长轴方向与断层走向大致平行,表明台站附近断层可能是潮汐应变各向异性的原因。为显示测点潮汐应变各向异性方位的分布,需基于应变资料潮汐调和分析方法对固体潮应力数值计算结果进行分析。利用四分量钻孔应变仪3个分量计算不同角度水平正应力,再经弹性力学分析求解不同方向水平正应力潮汐因子响应值[17],据此绘制测点潮汐因子玫瑰图,以分析区域构造运动状态及测点附近断层大致走向[18]。
基于分量应变仪自检方程,对2个测点2019—2023年观测数据小时值进行自检。结果显示,高淳台自检相关系数大于0.9,自洽性良好,数据可靠;徐州台自检相关系数为0.857 2,面应变形态失洽,曲线变化不一致,可靠性较低。失洽的主要原因是徐州台4个分量对气压和水位干扰的响应不同步,元件灵敏度偏差导致仪器对干扰响应不同。据刘琦等[13]对全国各分量应变仪观测台4路元件观测值相对标定及对气压、水位影响的拟合反演结果,徐州台第2路元件气压系数较大,第3路元件气压、水位系数较大,其他元件受水位和气压影响波动小,这是徐州台自检相关系数较低的原因。
由于徐州台数据在实际观测中偏离自洽方程较大,需要经过实地相对标定,使用元件灵敏度补偿系数来修正观测值之间的偏差,使其更接近自洽方程。以概率统计公式为参照,通过计算观测数据的信度C95来评估其自洽程度,利用差分信号特征优化及校正仪器所获取的原始测量数据。为更加直观地体现校准前后数据自洽程度的提升,选取2019—2021年观测数据校准前后的时间序列曲线(图 2, 图中ns表示应变单位纳应变)展示实地相对标定分析成果。结果表明,校准前的面应变曲线(S1+S3、S2+S4)存在一定离散,校准后的面应变曲线(R1+R3、R2+R4)基本重合,校正后的信度也提高到0.900 8。
基于2套四分量钻孔应变仪2019—2023年30 d均值实测数据,利用式(3)计算2个测点区域的应变参数(最大主应变ε1、最小主应变ε2、面应变εa、剪应变εs和应变变化主方向φ)变化速率。由图 3、4(其中,kε表示应变数据变化速率,dε表示应变数据标准差)可知,2个测点应变参数年变化趋势一致,变化速率稳定,应变主方向基本不变。邱泽华等[11]研究认为,四分量钻孔观测基值无明确意义,可对所有观测数据进行起点归零处理以清晰分辨变化趋势。为消除月变化影响,本文选取30 d均值数据绘制应变参数变化曲线及拟合直线(图 3、4)。可以看出,2个测点长期变化曲线保持稳定上升或下降趋势,应变主方向变化稳定,可视为区域构造应变变化。此外,2个测点面应变εa平稳下降,表明周围区域处于稳定受压状态。综上可知,2019—2023年2个测点整体构造状态稳定、活动性弱。徐州台面应变变化速率约为10 940×10-9/a,即每年平均变化-10个微应变左右,较髙淳地区偏大,可能是因为徐州台四分量钻孔应变仪的钻孔环境及钻孔和应变传感器的耦合情况不同,导致不同台站间面应变变化速率存在差异。从全国台站应变参数计算结果来看,变化速率可差数倍至数百倍[15]。
在钻孔应变实际观测中,由于地层中发育较多断裂,在构造运动中地壳介质的紧密程度会发生改变,从而导致潮汐因子响应出现变化,因此利用潮汐因子响应玫瑰图可以研究断裂与潮汐因子响应变化的关系。
利用维尼迪科夫调和分析法计算2019—2023年2个台站的潮汐因子玫瑰图,结果如图 5~7所示。根据断裂与潮汐因子响应变化的关系发现,徐州台存在2个潮汐因子响应增大的方位(图 5),分别为NEE-SWW和NWW-SEE向,说明徐州台受周边2条断裂的影响;高淳台潮汐因子玫瑰图长轴方位为NEE-SWW向(图 6~7),说明该测点主要受NEE-SWW向断裂的影响。
徐州台分量应变仪的潮汐因子玫瑰图随时间序列变化稳定,集中度整体较高,可能说明徐州台周边区域整体构造状态稳定,活动性偏弱,这与李家灵等[19]认为郯庐断裂带江苏段地震活动较弱的原因是断层可能处于活动闭锁状态的观点一致。高淳台潮汐因子响应值出现先离散后稳定的现象(图 6~7),潮汐因子响应值主要变化方向为NEE向,变化率接近50%,变化过程为2019-01—2021-10持续收缩,2021-11—2023-12扩张至稳定状态,此次潮汐因子异常变化特征十分典型。
池顺良等[18]研究认为,玉树台潮汐因子在汶川8.0级地震前出现大幅扩张变化,并且指出该现象是由测点区域构造运动导致断层接触状态发生改变所造成。2021-11江苏盐城大丰海域发生5.0级地震(图 8),USGS结果显示此次地震为走滑型地震(节面Ⅰ:走向4°、倾角58°、滑动角156°;节面Ⅱ:走向107°、倾角70°、滑动角34°),主压应力轴P方位角为233°。震后,高淳台潮汐因子结束了持续收缩的状态,随后潮汐因子玫瑰图变化持续稳定,分析认为,特定方向上的潮汐因子显著减少,可能意味着该方向上的应力积累或应力释放机制发生了变化。这种变化可能是因为原有岩石中的应变能无法通过潮汐效应来释放,导致潮汐因子响应值逐渐减小,地震发生后地壳的应力场分配重新达到比较稳定的状态,潮汐响应也随之趋于稳定,这与何奕成等[20]的分析结果一致。高淳台潮汐因子收缩变化与玉树台潮汐因子扩张变化现象类似,其与地震的相关性有待进一步研究。
分析2个测点应变参数可知,主应变和面应变变化速率稳定且为负值,徐州台和高淳台应变主方向分别为137°和43°。由于计算得到的应变主方向无法与区域构造的主应力方向进行直接对比,本文根据唐磊等[16]提出的应力应变状态判定方法对2个测点的主应力方向进行分析(图 9)。
徐州台应变主方向为137°,主应变ε1<ε2<0,剪应变S13<0、S24<0(图 10),结合徐州台四分量钻孔应变仪器安装方位角42°,经方位校正后其主压应力方向为N47°E(图 9),该结果与孙业君等[5]采用应力张量反演方法获得的郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段压应力方位近NEE向的结论基本一致。高淳台应变主方向为43°,主应变ε1>0、ε2<0,剪应变S13<0、S24>0(图 11),结合高淳台四分量钻孔应变仪器安装方位角-33°,经方位校正后其主张应力方向为N43°E(图 9),主压应力方向为N47°W,该结果与溧阳震区及邻区主压应力场方向为NWW向的观点一致[21]。由此可知,使用分量应变仪应力应变状态判定方法分析的应力方向结果是可靠的,利用其结果研究区域应力环境变化是可行的。
由2个测点潮汐因子玫瑰图可知,玫瑰图长轴方向均与测点周围断裂走向一致(图 1)。徐州台玫瑰图长轴方向与郯庐断裂及无锡-宿迁断裂走向较为一致,潮汐因子玫瑰图长轴方向整体为NEE向,该结果与郯庐带鲁苏皖段整体走向以NE-SW和NW-SE为主、倾角主要集中在60°~90°的结论[5]基本一致;高淳台玫瑰图长轴方向整体为NEE向,与胡连英等[22]认为茅山断裂总体走向为NNE的观点基本一致。上述分析说明,潮汐因子玫瑰图能够大致反映周边断层走向,并且断层的阻断效应是真实存在的。
1) 应变参数分析结果表明,2个测点2019—2023年变化曲线均保持相对稳定的上升、下降趋势且主方向比较稳定,说明研究期间江苏区域整体构造活动平稳;同时面应变εa持续平稳下降,说明江苏区域构造应变保持稳定的挤压状态,活动性较弱。
2) 2套分量钻孔应变仪整体潮汐因子玫瑰图曲线随时间序列变化平稳,集中度整体较高,表明江苏区域构造稳定,该结果与应变参数分析结果能够相互验证。2个测点潮汐因子玫瑰图的长轴方位与区域周边断裂走向基本一致,说明断层的阻断效应真实存在。
3) 高淳台潮汐因子响应值的异常变化反映了测点区域的构造运动对断层接触状态的影响,进一步验证了潮汐因子响应值的变化与孕震过程中应力应变的积累与释放之间的关系。
  • 江苏省地震局科学基金(23407)
  • 中国地震局“三结合”课题(SJH-202502004)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.582
  • 接收时间:2024-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-26
基金
Scientific Foundation of Jiangsu Earthquake Agency(23407)
江苏省地震局科学基金(23407)
Combination Project with Monitoring, Prediction and Scientific Research of Earthquake Technology, CEA(SJH-202502004)
中国地震局“三结合”课题(SJH-202502004)
作者信息
    1 宿迁地震监测中心站, 江苏省徐州市泰山南路72-2号, 221008
    2 江苏省地震局, 南京市卫岗3号, 210014
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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