Article(id=1322506394998264760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506263716541212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.409, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724083200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239695548, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239695548, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239695548, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239695548, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506263716541212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='881', pageEnd='990', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757865600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239664248, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239664248, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=910, endPage=914, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506395182814137, articleId=1322506394998264760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Research on Enhancing the Positioning Performance of Smartphones with Low-Earth Orbit Satellites, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of large pseudorange measurement noise, discontinuous observation data, weak geometric strength in smartphone GNSS observations, and high noise levels in the built-in micro inertial measurement unit(MIMU) of smartphones, a tightly coupled GNSS/MIMU navigation method enhanced by low-Earth orbit(LEO) satellites is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the Walker constellation and the Keplerian orbital parameters of LEO satellites, LEO pseudorange observation data are simulated. The positioning performance of smartphone GNSS single-point positioning, GNSS/MIMU tight integration, and LEO-enhanced GNSS/MIMU tight integration are compared and analyzed. Real smartphone data are used for validation. The experimental results show that after incorporating LEO satellites, the average number of visible satellites increases by about 7. The faster movement speed of LEO satellites further optimizes the GNSS geometric strength, reducing the average PDOP value by 50%. Compared with GNSS single-point positioning, the GNSS/MIMU tight integration improves positioning accuracy in the east, north, and up directions by 18%, 23%, and 10%, respectively. The LEO-enhanced GNSS/MIMU tight integration improves positioning accuracy in the east, north, and up directions by 73%, 81%, and 60% compared with GNSS single-point positioning, and by 67%, 75%, and 56% compared with GNSS/MIMU tight integration.

, authors=Hui XIE1, Youlong WU2, *, Guoli LI1, Shuai CHEN3, authorsList=Hui XIE, Youlong WU, Guoli LI, Shuai CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Youlong WU, authorNote=

XIE Hui, lecturer, majors in satellite navigation and positioning technology and Internet of Things application technology, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506398588588997, articleId=1322506394998264760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=低轨卫星增强智能手机定位性能研究, columnId=1322506169105633839, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=现代大地测量, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对智能手机伪距观测噪声大、观测数据不连续、几何强度弱以及内置微惯性测量单元(micro inertial measurement unit, MIMU)的噪声水平大等问题,提出一种基于低轨(low earth orbit, LEO)卫星增强的智能手机GNSS/MIMU紧组合导航方法。根据Walker星座特点和低轨开普勒轨道参数,仿真生成LEO伪距观测数据,对比研究智能手机GNSS单点定位、GNSS/MIMU紧组合和LEO增强的GNSS/MIMU紧组合的定位性能,并通过实测手机数据进行验证。实验结果表明,引入LEO卫星后,平均可见卫星数增加约7颗,LEO卫星更快的运行速度进一步优化了GNSS的几何强度,PDOP平均值降低50%;GNSS/MIMU紧组合相较于GNSS单点定位,东、北、天方向上的定位精度分别提升18%、23%、10%;LEO增强的GNSS/MIMU紧组合相较于GNSS单点定位,东、北、天方向上定位精度分别提升73%、81%、60%,而相较于GNSS/MIMU紧组合分别提升67%、75%、56%。

, authors=谢慧1, 吴有龙2, *, 李国利1, 陈帅3, authorsList=谢慧, 吴有龙, 李国利, 陈帅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴有龙, authorNote=

谢慧,讲师,主要研究方向为卫星导航定位技术及物联网应用技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

吴有龙,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为卫星导航定位技术、惯性导航技术,E-mail:

WU Youlong, PhD, associate professor, majors in satellite navigation and positioning technology, and inertial navigation technology, E-mail:

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language=CN, label=图4, caption=卫星信号载噪比, figureFileSmall=RzH+jBbESiezHt9oYK87Ew==, figureFileBig=Fzo0WFI0XHLMj2p+NJP5rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506404271870966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The positioning errors, figureFileSmall=qGzZ2QaOu4a9I0KiLR6LgA==, figureFileBig=ccUGMJxtS/QqTTSvcsqTXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506404355757047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=CN, label=图5, caption=定位误差, figureFileSmall=qGzZ2QaOu4a9I0KiLR6LgA==, figureFileBig=ccUGMJxtS/QqTTSvcsqTXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506404439643128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

State vectors for navigation system

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状态量 索引 描述
δr 1~3 位置误差矢量
δv 4~6 速度误差矢量
ψ 7~9 姿态误差矢量
ba 10~12 陀螺仪零偏
bg 13~15 加速度计零偏
δtGNSS 16~17 GPS/BDS接收机钟差
$ \delta \dot{\boldsymbol{t}}_{\mathrm{GNSS}}$ 18~19 GPS/BDS接收机钟漂
$ \delta \boldsymbol{t}_{\mathrm{LEO}}$ 20 LEO接收机钟差
$ \delta \dot{\boldsymbol{t}}_{\mathrm{LEO}}$ 21 LEO接收机钟漂
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导航系统状态向量

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状态量 索引 描述
δr 1~3 位置误差矢量
δv 4~6 速度误差矢量
ψ 7~9 姿态误差矢量
ba 10~12 陀螺仪零偏
bg 13~15 加速度计零偏
δtGNSS 16~17 GPS/BDS接收机钟差
$ \delta \dot{\boldsymbol{t}}_{\mathrm{GNSS}}$ 18~19 GPS/BDS接收机钟漂
$ \delta \boldsymbol{t}_{\mathrm{LEO}}$ 20 LEO接收机钟差
$ \delta \dot{\boldsymbol{t}}_{\mathrm{LEO}}$ 21 LEO接收机钟漂
), ArticleFig(id=1322506404582249467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Performance indicators of Xiaomi 8 and NovAtel KVH-1750

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IMU 小米ICM20690 诺瓦泰KVH-1750
陀螺噪声 14.4°/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{h}}$ 0.012°/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{h}}$
陀螺零偏 1°/s 0.05°/h
加速度计零偏 40 mg 0.05 mg
加速度计噪声 100 μg/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ 0.12 mg/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$
采样频率 100 Hz 200 Hz
), ArticleFig(id=1322506404653552636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

小米8和诺瓦泰KVH-1750性能指标

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IMU 小米ICM20690 诺瓦泰KVH-1750
陀螺噪声 14.4°/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{h}}$ 0.012°/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{h}}$
陀螺零偏 1°/s 0.05°/h
加速度计零偏 40 mg 0.05 mg
加速度计噪声 100 μg/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ 0.12 mg/$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$
采样频率 100 Hz 200 Hz
), ArticleFig(id=1322506404745827325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

The number of visible satellites and PDOP values

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指标BDS+GPS LEO+ BDS+GPS
最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值
NVS 16 11 13.1 24 17 20.5
PDOP 3.5 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.8 1.0
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可见卫星数与PDOP值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标BDS+GPS LEO+ BDS+GPS
最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值
NVS 16 11 13.1 24 17 20.5
PDOP 3.5 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.8 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322506404905210879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506394998264760, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Positioning errors RMS statistics

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定位方法RMS/m
东向 北向 天向
GNSS单点定位 6.4 11.2 42.0
GNSS/MIMU组合导航 5.2 8.6 37.7
低轨卫星增强组合导航 1.8 2.1 16.6
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定位误差RMS统计

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定位方法RMS/m
东向 北向 天向
GNSS单点定位 6.4 11.2 42.0
GNSS/MIMU组合导航 5.2 8.6 37.7
低轨卫星增强组合导航 1.8 2.1 16.6
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低轨卫星增强智能手机定位性能研究
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谢慧 1 , 吴有龙 2, * , 李国利 1 , 陈帅 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 现代大地测量 2025,45(9): 910-914
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大地测量与地球动力学 |现代大地测量 2025 , 45 (9) : 910 -914
低轨卫星增强智能手机定位性能研究
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谢慧1 , 吴有龙2, * , 李国利1, 陈帅3
作者信息
  • 1 金陵科技学院机电工程学院,南京市弘景大道99号,211169
  • 2 金陵科技学院智能科学与控制工程学院,南京市弘景大道99号,211169
  • 3 南京理工大学自动化学院,南京市孝陵卫街200号,210094
通讯作者:

吴有龙,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为卫星导航定位技术、惯性导航技术,E-mail:

WU Youlong, PhD, associate professor, majors in satellite navigation and positioning technology, and inertial navigation technology, E-mail:

作者简介:

谢慧,讲师,主要研究方向为卫星导航定位技术及物联网应用技术,E-mail:

Research on Enhancing the Positioning Performance of Smartphones with Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
Hui XIE1 , Youlong WU2, * , Guoli LI1, Shuai CHEN3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, 99 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211169, China
  • 2 School of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, 99 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211169, China
  • 3 School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
  • XIE Hui, lecturer, majors in satellite navigation and positioning technology and Internet of Things application technology, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.409
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针对智能手机伪距观测噪声大、观测数据不连续、几何强度弱以及内置微惯性测量单元(micro inertial measurement unit, MIMU)的噪声水平大等问题,提出一种基于低轨(low earth orbit, LEO)卫星增强的智能手机GNSS/MIMU紧组合导航方法。根据Walker星座特点和低轨开普勒轨道参数,仿真生成LEO伪距观测数据,对比研究智能手机GNSS单点定位、GNSS/MIMU紧组合和LEO增强的GNSS/MIMU紧组合的定位性能,并通过实测手机数据进行验证。实验结果表明,引入LEO卫星后,平均可见卫星数增加约7颗,LEO卫星更快的运行速度进一步优化了GNSS的几何强度,PDOP平均值降低50%;GNSS/MIMU紧组合相较于GNSS单点定位,东、北、天方向上的定位精度分别提升18%、23%、10%;LEO增强的GNSS/MIMU紧组合相较于GNSS单点定位,东、北、天方向上定位精度分别提升73%、81%、60%,而相较于GNSS/MIMU紧组合分别提升67%、75%、56%。

智能手机  /  GNSS  /  MIMU  /  LEO  /  紧组合

To address the issues of large pseudorange measurement noise, discontinuous observation data, weak geometric strength in smartphone GNSS observations, and high noise levels in the built-in micro inertial measurement unit(MIMU) of smartphones, a tightly coupled GNSS/MIMU navigation method enhanced by low-Earth orbit(LEO) satellites is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the Walker constellation and the Keplerian orbital parameters of LEO satellites, LEO pseudorange observation data are simulated. The positioning performance of smartphone GNSS single-point positioning, GNSS/MIMU tight integration, and LEO-enhanced GNSS/MIMU tight integration are compared and analyzed. Real smartphone data are used for validation. The experimental results show that after incorporating LEO satellites, the average number of visible satellites increases by about 7. The faster movement speed of LEO satellites further optimizes the GNSS geometric strength, reducing the average PDOP value by 50%. Compared with GNSS single-point positioning, the GNSS/MIMU tight integration improves positioning accuracy in the east, north, and up directions by 18%, 23%, and 10%, respectively. The LEO-enhanced GNSS/MIMU tight integration improves positioning accuracy in the east, north, and up directions by 73%, 81%, and 60% compared with GNSS single-point positioning, and by 67%, 75%, and 56% compared with GNSS/MIMU tight integration.

smartphone  /  GNSS  /  MIMU  /  LEO  /  tightly coupled
谢慧, 吴有龙, 李国利, 陈帅. 低轨卫星增强智能手机定位性能研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (9) : 910 -914 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.409
Hui XIE, Youlong WU, Guoli LI, Shuai CHEN. Research on Enhancing the Positioning Performance of Smartphones with Low-Earth Orbit Satellites[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (9) : 910 -914 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.409
为了推动智能手机定位技术的发展,用户可以通过相关软件获取全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的原始观测信息。基于智能手机的GNSS数据质量评估、预处理模型构建以及定位模型改进已得到广泛研究[1]。智能手机内置的线性极化天线设计欠佳,导致其对多路径效应的抑制能力较弱。与专用的大地测量型接收机相比,智能手机上的GNSS观测信噪比显著降低,而伪距噪声则被放大了约10倍[2]。尽管如此,多频多系统的智能手机能够提供更连续的相位观测值,为行人和车辆的动态定位应用带来了便利。通过利用多普勒和载波相位观测量进行时间差分载波相位精密定位,可以在水平方向上实现亚m级的定位精度[3]。然而,低成本的GNSS芯片使得伪距和载波相位观测值中异常值频繁存在、观测误差增加以及存在卫星可见性问题,这些因素阻碍了智能手机GNSS为用户提供持续可靠的定位服务。
微惯性测量单元(MIMU)技术正逐渐走向成熟,而惯性导航系统(inertial navigation system,INS)的辅助功能为智能手机的持续定位提供了有力支持。文献[4]构建一种适用于智能手机的MIMU辅助GNSS精密单点定位的紧组合数学模型,并针对观测噪声和信号中断问题,提出一种稳健的卡尔曼滤波模型,相较于传统方法,定位精度提升了约50%。文献[5]则提出一种基于智能手机的车载运动约束条件下的GNSS/MIMU紧组合算法,通过零速度更新、零偏航率更新和非完整约束等运动学约束条件,有效增强了MIMU辅助GNSS的导航能力。然而,智能手机内置的低成本MIMU在误差特性和噪声水平上与高端惯性器件存在较大差距,这在一定程度上限制了紧组合定位精度的提升。尽管紧组合能够在复杂和恶劣的城市环境中显著改善单GNSS定位的性能,但其定位精度仍受制于GNSS信号的质量,在复杂环境下难以持续输出稳定的高精度定位结果。
低轨道(LEO)卫星能够有效增强中高轨道卫星的定位、导航和授时服务,其更快的运行速度和更强的信号受到广泛关注[6]。文献[7]研究LEO增强多GNSS精密单点定位,结果表明,经过优化配置的LEO卫星显著减少了精密单点定位的收敛时间,约减少70%,并可提供高精度的定位结果。在GNSS拒止环境下,可以利用LEO机会信号与惯性紧组合导航,实现m级定位精度[8]。文献[9]利用模拟的LEO数据和因子图算法,验证了LEO增强战术级IMU与GNSS紧组合的性能,与无LEO增强的GNSS/INS紧组合相比,LEO在北、东、天方向的定位精度分别提升22%、8%、10%。
基于上述分析,引入低轨道(LEO)卫星观测值可以有效解决复杂环境中GNSS信号丢失以及空间信号几何强度较弱的问题。本文提出一种利用LEO卫星增强智能手机GNSS/MIMU紧组合导航定位性能的方法。该方法结合智能手机内置传感器数据和LEO卫星仿真数据,构建GNSS/MIMU紧组合定位模型,并通过一组实测数据验证LEO卫星增强的智能手机GNSS/MIMU紧组合的定位性能。
在所有现有的导航星座中,Walker星座因其对称性和良好的全球覆盖而广泛应用于全球卫星导航系统。低轨星座参数用X、Y、Z三个整数表示,其中X为低轨星座中的卫星总数;Y为轨道平面的数;Z为平面间的相位参数,表示卫星在邻近平面的相对位置,数值为介于0和Y-1之间的整数。卫星在太空中分布均匀,第s平面上的第t颗卫星的升交点赤经Ω和平近点角M公式为[10]:
$\Omega_{s t}=\frac{2 \pi}{Y}(s-1)$
$M_s=\frac{2 \pi}{S}(t-1)+\frac{2 \pi}{X} Z(s-1)$
式中,s和t分别表示第s个轨道和第t颗卫星;S=X/Y表示每个轨道平面上的卫星数。
低轨卫星的伪距观测模型为[7]:
$\rho=r+\delta t_u-\delta t^s+I+T+\varepsilon$
式中,ρ表示LEO卫星的伪距观测值;r表示LEO卫星和智能手机之间的真实几何距离;δtu和δts分别表示智能手机和低轨卫星的时钟误差;I表示电离层误差;T表示对流层误差;ε表示低轨卫星伪距测量噪声。
在导航坐标系下构建低轨卫星增强GNSS/MIMU紧组合系统,系统状态参数由INS误差参数、GNSS和LEO卫星钟差参数组成,卡尔曼滤波误差状态的线性动力学方程为[5]:
$\dot{\boldsymbol{x}}(t)=\boldsymbol{F}(t) \boldsymbol{x}(t)+\boldsymbol{w}(t)$
式中, x(t)为状态向量; F(t)为状态转移矩阵; w(t)为噪声向量。
滤波器中的状态向量 x(定义如表 1所示)为[5]:
$\boldsymbol{x}=\left[\begin{array}{llllll}\delta \boldsymbol{r} & \delta \boldsymbol{v} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{b}_a \boldsymbol{b}_g & \delta \boldsymbol{t}_{\text {GNSS }} & \delta \dot{\boldsymbol{t}}_{\text {GNSS }} & \delta \boldsymbol{t}_{\text {LEO }} & \delta \dot{\boldsymbol{t}}_{\text {LEO }}\end{array}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$
选择惯导推算的距离信息与卫星伪距信号的差值作为观测信息。LEO卫星增强GNSS/MIMU紧组合系统观测方程为[9]:
$\boldsymbol{z}(t)=\left[\begin{array}{l}r_{\mathrm{GNSS}}-r_{\mathrm{INS}} \\r_{\mathrm{LEO}}-r_{\mathrm{INS}}\end{array}\right]=\boldsymbol{H}(t) \boldsymbol{x}(t)+\boldsymbol{v}(t)$
式中, z为观测向量;rINS为INS机械编排得到的位置信息结合卫星星历推算得到的预测伪距;rGNSS为智能手机GNSS伪距观测值,包括GPS和BDS伪距观测值;rLEO为低轨卫星伪距仿真数据; H为量测矩阵; v为观测噪声。
为了分析低轨卫星增强智能手机GNSS/MIMU定位的性能,通过车载测试数据和模拟LEO卫星数据进行实验验证。实验设备为小米8双频智能手机,内置MIMU型号为ICM20690,选用参考系统为诺瓦泰公司的SPAN-KVH-1750高精度组合导航设备,性能指标如表 2所示。小米8的GNSS观测数据采样频率为1 Hz,截止高度角设置为15°。KVH-1750的RTK水平和高程定位精度分别优于0.02 m和0.03 m。车载实验在南京理工大学南京校区开展。车辆运行轨迹为逆时针绕圈运动,每圈路径约为500 m,共计时长约30 min,设备安装方式和运行轨迹如图 1所示。LEO卫星Walker星座轨道参数为X=120、Y=12、Z=0,轨道倾角为55°,轨道高度为800 km。
车载实验中卫星天空分布如图 2所示。GPS卫星编号为101~132,BDS卫星编号为201~250,LEO卫星编号为401~520。由图可知,对比GPS、BDS和LEO卫星的运动轨迹,在轨道高度约为20 000 km的中轨道GNSS卫星运行速度较慢,短时间内天空运动的轨迹长度短;在轨道高度约为800 km的LEO卫星的运行速度更快,大约30 min时间运动的轨迹长度更长,星座几何构型变化明显。
车载实验运动过程中可见卫星数(number of visible satellite, NVS)与位置精度因子(position dilution of precision,PDOP)变化情况如图 3所示,最大值、最小值和平均值如表 3所示。在未引入LEO卫星星座的情况下,智能手机可观测的卫星数量平均值为13.1颗,PDOP值在1.3~3.5之间波动,变化较大。引入LEO卫星星座增强后,观测到的平均卫星数增加至20.5颗,最多时LEO卫星增加8颗,PDOP集中在0.8~1.3之间,变化较为平缓。PDOP的平均值从2.0下降至1.0,降低了50%。增加LEO卫星星座能够为智能手机定位解算提供更多冗余的观测数据,并显著降低单卫星定位的PDOP值,从而提升惯性和卫星紧组合定位精度。
车载实验中,建筑物遮挡、树木干扰等环境因素会导致手机端无法持续跟踪卫星信号,影响信号质量。图 4所示为卫星信号载噪比随时间的变化,载噪比大部分在35 dB ·Hz左右,少部分不良观测环境下载噪比低至10 dB ·Hz。由于建筑物遮挡等问题,部分卫星信号观测数据出现了中断。
为了验证LEO卫星增强GNSS/MIMU紧组合方案的定位性能,采用3种定位模型进行定位解算:1)GNSS单点定位模型;2)GNSS/MIMU紧组合定位模型;3)LEO卫星增强的GNSS/MIMU紧组合定位模型。将3种模型的定位输出结果与诺瓦泰组合导航系统的定位结果进行对比分析。图 5为3种模型的定位结果,定位误差统计情况如表 4所示。
由图 5可知,单一GNSS定位结果误差较大,其东、北、天3个方向上定位误差分别为6.4 m、11.2 m和42.0 m。由于观测环境和智能手机观测伪距噪声较大的原因,观测值存在粗差,定位误差出现频繁的跳变,东、北、天向最大误差分别超过20 m、50 m、200 m。由表 4可知,利用MIMU辅助GNSS紧组合导航解算后,系统定位误差较为平缓,东、北、天方向上的定位精度分别提升18%、23%、10%。但是,受限于手机内置MIMU传感器的噪声水平,无法有效提高系统整体精度。采用LEO卫星增强的紧组合导航系统在定位精度上相比GNSS/MIMU紧组合有明显的提高,其水平定位精度优于3 m,相对于GNSS单点定位精度东、北、天方向上分别提升73%、81%、60%;相对于GNSS/MIMU紧组合提升67%、75%、56%,特别是高程方向显著提升。这是因为GNSS/MIMU紧组合的定位性能,仍然受GNSS定位精度的影响,增加LEO后,可观测卫星数量增加约7颗,PDOP值降低50%,改善了卫星的几何分布,从而增强了GNSS/MIMU的定位精度。
针对智能手机内置的低成本MIMU器件的噪声水平较高和GNSS天线的抗干扰能力差的问题,提出一种LEO卫星增强的智能手机GNSS/MIMU紧组合导航方法,并通过一组车载实验进行验证。结果表明:
1) 近地轨道卫星可以提供更多的观测数据,运行速度更快的LEO卫星可改善GNSS卫星分布的几何形状。通过LEO增强,平均可见卫星数增加了约7颗,PDOP平均值降低了50%。
2) GNSS定位异常情况下,MIMU辅助GNSS紧组合可以在一定程度上提升智能手机的定位性能。相较于单GNSS单点定位,GNSS/MIMU紧组合在东、北、天方向上的定位精度分别提升18%、23%、10%。
3) LEO卫星增强的GNSS/MIMU紧组合相较于GNSS/MIMU紧组合在东、北、天方向上的定位精度分别提升67%、75%、56%。
  • 江苏省博士后基金(2021K463C)
  • 江苏省产学研合作项目(BY20230867)
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2025年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.409
  • 接收时间:2024-08-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-20
基金
Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(2021K463C)
江苏省博士后基金(2021K463C)
Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(BY20230867)
江苏省产学研合作项目(BY20230867)
作者信息
    1 金陵科技学院机电工程学院,南京市弘景大道99号,211169
    2 金陵科技学院智能科学与控制工程学院,南京市弘景大道99号,211169
    3 南京理工大学自动化学院,南京市孝陵卫街200号,210094

通讯作者:

吴有龙,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为卫星导航定位技术、惯性导航技术,E-mail:

WU Youlong, PhD, associate professor, majors in satellite navigation and positioning technology, and inertial navigation technology, E-mail:

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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