Article(id=1322506332427633198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506263716541212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.471, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728835200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239680630, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239680630, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239680630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239680630, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506263716541212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='881', pageEnd='990', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757865600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239664248, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239664248, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=983, endPage=990, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506332587016751, articleId=1322506332427633198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=The Response of L-Band Ionospheric Scintillation to Equatorial Anomaly Characteristics in Low-Latitude Regions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the response of L-band ionospheric scintillation to equatorial anomaly characteristics in low-latitude regions, this study utilizes L-band scintillation observation data from three Australian stations(Darwin, Weipa, and Willis Island) combined with global ionospheric VTEC data provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The study examines the relationship between ionospheric scintillation and VTEC equatorial anomalies under geomagnetically quiet conditions. Results show a significant positive correlation between ionospheric scintillation and equatorial anomaly characteristics at the three stations. On scintillation days, the ionospheric VTEC peak-to-valley difference, peak-to-valley ratio increase, and gradient changes are more pronounced. This paper reveals the response mechanism and investigates the correlation between VTEC and its gradients with scintillation, which is significant for the rapid identification and judgment of scintillation phenomena and for GNSS engineering applications.

, authors=Caishenglong HAN1, 2, Ling HUANG1, 2, *, Wenwen LI3, Dun LIU4, Xu LIU1, 2, Hongping ZHANG3, authorsList=Caishenglong HAN, Ling HUANG, Wenwen LI, Dun LIU, Xu LIU, Hongping ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ling HUANG, authorNote=

HAN Caishenglong, postgraduate, majors in GNSS space environment, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506335896322624, articleId=1322506332427633198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征响应分析, columnId=1322506242858271689, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球物理解释, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征的响应,利用澳大利亚Darwin、Weipa、Willis Island三个站点的L波段闪烁观测数据,结合中国科学院提供的全球电离层VTEC数据,在磁平静条件下研究3个低纬度站点电离层闪烁与VTEC赤道异常的响应关系。结果表明,3个站点对应的电离层闪烁响应与赤道异常特征呈显著正相关;闪烁日对应的电离层VTEC峰谷差值及峰谷比增大、梯度变化加剧。该研究揭示了响应机制,并讨论了VTEC及梯度与闪烁的相关性,对实现闪烁现象的快速识别与判断和GNSS工程应用有一定意义。

, authors=韩蔡生龙1, 2, 黄玲1, 2, *, 李文文3, 刘钝4, 刘旭1, 2, 章红平3, authorsList=韩蔡生龙, 黄玲, 李文文, 刘钝, 刘旭, 章红平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄玲, authorNote=

韩蔡生龙,硕士生,主要研究方向为GNSS空间环境学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

黄玲,副教授,主要研究方向为GNSS电离层与精密定位,E-mail:

HUANG Ling, associate professor, majors in GNSS ionosphere and precise positioning, E-mail:

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journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506332427633198, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Coordinates of selected stations and analysis period selection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站点名 地理坐标 地磁纬度 日期选取
Darwin -12.443°N、130.956°E -21.96°N 2014-03-09(闪烁)、2014-01-15(非闪烁)
Weipa -12.678°N、141.920°E -21.79°N 2014-03-16(闪烁)、2014-06-06(非闪烁)
Willis Island -16.290°N、149.970°E -25.01°N 2014-12-29(闪烁)、2014-05-19(非闪烁)
), ArticleFig(id=1322506345367061133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506332427633198, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

选取站点坐标及分析时间选择

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站点名 地理坐标 地磁纬度 日期选取
Darwin -12.443°N、130.956°E -21.96°N 2014-03-09(闪烁)、2014-01-15(非闪烁)
Weipa -12.678°N、141.920°E -21.79°N 2014-03-16(闪烁)、2014-06-06(非闪烁)
Willis Island -16.290°N、149.970°E -25.01°N 2014-12-29(闪烁)、2014-05-19(非闪烁)
), ArticleFig(id=1322506345429975694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506332427633198, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Geomagnetic activity and solar activity intensity indices for scintillation and non-scintillation days at each station

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站点名 闪烁日 非闪烁日
Dst/nT F10.7/sfu Dst/nT F10.7/sfu
Darwin -17 143.8 -18 122.1
Weipa -43 134.2 -17 136.9
Willis Island -57 127.1 -7 119.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322506345501278863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506332427633198, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

闪烁日和非闪烁日各站点的地磁活动和太阳活动强度指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站点名 闪烁日 非闪烁日
Dst/nT F10.7/sfu Dst/nT F10.7/sfu
Darwin -17 143.8 -18 122.1
Weipa -43 134.2 -17 136.9
Willis Island -57 127.1 -7 119.7
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低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征响应分析
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韩蔡生龙 1, 2 , 黄玲 1, 2, * , 李文文 3 , 刘钝 4 , 刘旭 1, 2 , 章红平 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球物理解释 2025,45(9): 983-990
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球物理解释 2025 , 45 (9) : 983 -990
低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征响应分析
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韩蔡生龙1, 2 , 黄玲1, 2, * , 李文文3, 刘钝4, 刘旭1, 2, 章红平3
作者信息
  • 1 桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院,桂林市雁山街319号,541006
  • 2 广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室,桂林市雁山街319号,541006
  • 3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,武汉市珞喻路129号,430079
  • 4 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所,青岛市仙山东路36号,266107
通讯作者:

黄玲,副教授,主要研究方向为GNSS电离层与精密定位,E-mail:

HUANG Ling, associate professor, majors in GNSS ionosphere and precise positioning, E-mail:

作者简介:

韩蔡生龙,硕士生,主要研究方向为GNSS空间环境学,E-mail:

The Response of L-Band Ionospheric Scintillation to Equatorial Anomaly Characteristics in Low-Latitude Regions
Caishenglong HAN1, 2 , Ling HUANG1, 2, * , Wenwen LI3, Dun LIU4, Xu LIU1, 2, Hongping ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin 541006, China
  • 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin 541006, China
  • 3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 4 The 22nd Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, 36 East-Xianshan Road, Qingdao 266107, China
  • HAN Caishenglong, postgraduate, majors in GNSS space environment, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.471
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为探究低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征的响应,利用澳大利亚Darwin、Weipa、Willis Island三个站点的L波段闪烁观测数据,结合中国科学院提供的全球电离层VTEC数据,在磁平静条件下研究3个低纬度站点电离层闪烁与VTEC赤道异常的响应关系。结果表明,3个站点对应的电离层闪烁响应与赤道异常特征呈显著正相关;闪烁日对应的电离层VTEC峰谷差值及峰谷比增大、梯度变化加剧。该研究揭示了响应机制,并讨论了VTEC及梯度与闪烁的相关性,对实现闪烁现象的快速识别与判断和GNSS工程应用有一定意义。

电离层闪烁  /  赤道异常  /  VTEC  /  低纬地区  /  卫星导航

To investigate the response of L-band ionospheric scintillation to equatorial anomaly characteristics in low-latitude regions, this study utilizes L-band scintillation observation data from three Australian stations(Darwin, Weipa, and Willis Island) combined with global ionospheric VTEC data provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The study examines the relationship between ionospheric scintillation and VTEC equatorial anomalies under geomagnetically quiet conditions. Results show a significant positive correlation between ionospheric scintillation and equatorial anomaly characteristics at the three stations. On scintillation days, the ionospheric VTEC peak-to-valley difference, peak-to-valley ratio increase, and gradient changes are more pronounced. This paper reveals the response mechanism and investigates the correlation between VTEC and its gradients with scintillation, which is significant for the rapid identification and judgment of scintillation phenomena and for GNSS engineering applications.

ionospheric scintillation  /  equatorial anomaly  /  VTEC  /  low-latitude region  /  satellite navigation
韩蔡生龙, 黄玲, 李文文, 刘钝, 刘旭, 章红平. 低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征响应分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (9) : 983 -990 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.471
Caishenglong HAN, Ling HUANG, Wenwen LI, Dun LIU, Xu LIU, Hongping ZHANG. The Response of L-Band Ionospheric Scintillation to Equatorial Anomaly Characteristics in Low-Latitude Regions[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (9) : 983 -990 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.471
电离层闪烁是指无线电信号在穿过电离层传播时,由于电离层中电子密度的不规则变化,导致卫星信号的振幅和相位发生快速变化的现象[1]。研究电离层的物理变化特性对于卫星通信、导航和定位等领域具有极其重要的意义[2]。根据地理位置和地磁纬度的不同,电离层闪烁大致可以分为低纬(赤道)闪烁、中纬闪烁和高纬(极区)闪烁[3]。其中,低纬电离层闪烁通常表现为强烈且快速的信号振幅和相位变化。磁低纬地区具有独特的电离层结构和变化特性,一直是电离层闪烁研究的重点区域[4]。
赤道及低纬度地区的电离层不规则体主要起因于日落后磁赤道上空等离子体的瑞利-泰勒(Rayleigh-Taylor, RT)不稳定性的发展,这使得低纬地区成为全球电离层闪烁活动最为强烈的区域之一[5]。赤道异常是指在白天时,磁赤道两侧电离层F2层的峰值电子浓度(NmF2)呈现出明显的双峰结构。其特点是F2层峰值电子浓度在磁赤道上空达到极小值,而在磁赤道两侧10°~15°的区域出现双峰值。由于电离层中F2层的电子密度最大,因此赤道及低纬地区电离层的总电子含量(TEC)随纬度分布通常也表现出明显的赤道异常双峰特征[6]。在太阳活动低年,低纬地区TEC的纬度变化分布也可能表现为单峰值结构。低纬地区的电离层闪烁现象主要由两个方面因素驱动:一方面,与低纬地区独特的地磁场和电场结构密切相关,由此产生的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性会触发电离层不均匀体的形成;另一方面,闪烁的根本原因是电子密度的起伏变化。在太阳活动高年,低纬地区的电子密度显著增加,电子密度的起伏在相同背景值比例下也会相应增大,从而更容易引发GNSS信号的闪烁现象。而且电离层闪烁对L频段及更低频段的无线电信号影响尤为显著[7],这种现象容易导致信号丢失、定位误差增大和导航精度下降等问题。在电离层闪烁扰动时期,卫星信号传输质量下降,GPS周跳发生的次数明显多于非闪烁时期;低纬地区是电离层闪烁扰动事件的高发区,也是周跳事件的频发区[8]。研究和理解电离层闪烁变化特性对于提升卫星通信质量和导航定位的抗干扰能力具有重要意义[9]。
本文通过研究低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征的响应情况,以更好地理解电离层闪烁变化特性。
使用澳大利亚空间环境预报中心(https://www.sws.bom.gov.au/World_Data_Centre)空间天气警报系统发布的电离层幅度闪烁指数S4_final数据,由该机构布设的电离层高频闪烁接收机站监测获取。S4_Final是指经过多次校正处理,去除各种系统性误差和噪声之后的电离层幅度闪烁指数数据,能更准确地反映电离层闪烁情况。数据为选取测站对应日期的电离层幅度闪烁指数,时间分辨率为1 min,以.txt文件格式下载。中国科学院国家空间科学中心(National Space Science Center, NSSC)提供的电离层数据是目前使用最广泛的数据源之一(ftp://ftp.gipp.org.cn/product/ionex/)。中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS)向公众提供时间分辨率分别为15 min、1 h和2 h的全球VTEC数据,空间分辨率对应为纬度差2.5°、经度差5°。根据CAS提供的全球垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)数据,结合澳大利亚空间环境预报中心发布的闪烁数据对3个测站所处的磁低纬地区赤道异常特征与L波段电离层闪烁之间的响应机制进行分析。太阳辐射通量F10.7和地磁活动指数Dst分别由德国地球科学研究中心(German Research Centre for Geosciences,GFZ) 和日本京都国际地磁数据中心提供,时间分辨率分别为1 d和1 h。为确保闪烁事件特征分析的准确性和一致性,通过在统一的世界时(UT)框架下对比分析不同测站闪烁变化特性,依据时区差异将3个测站的当地时间(LT)分别按照世界时(UT)加上8 h、9 h、10 h进行转换,保证不同测站闪烁事件在相同时间基准下进行对比分析。
选取澳大利亚3个低纬L波段电离层高频闪烁监测站Darwin(-12.443°N, 130.956°E)、Weipa(-12.678°N, 141.920°E)、Willis Island(-16.290°N, 149.970°E),每个测站分别选取闪烁和非闪烁时期对应数据,将3个站点不同闪烁特征数据进行对比,分析电离层闪烁与赤道异常现象之间的响应关系。选取不同实验日期及前3 d的Dst图像,如图 1所示。
表 1包含3个高频闪烁接收机站点的地理经纬度、地磁纬度以及闪烁和非闪烁对应日期的选取情况,表 2记录了不同日期对应的太阳活动指数F10.7和所选取的实验日期及其前3 d的地磁活动指数Dst峰值。分析图表可知,选取的实验日期内,Dst的峰值(最小值)均大于-60 nT,表明实验日期地磁活动处于较弱磁暴阶段。所有实验日期内太阳辐射通量F10.7均值为130.6 sfu,表明实验选取研究日期内太阳和地磁活动整体处于相对平静状态,很大程度上可排除太阳和地磁活动对电离层闪烁造成的影响,这与参考文献[10]的分析方法一致。
根据表 2记录的日期和站点数据,2014-03-09地磁活动指数Dst最小值为-17 nT,当天太阳辐射通量F10.7为143.8 sfu,表明太阳活动和地磁活动都处于较低水平[11]。图 2(a)展示了Darwin测站在2014-03-09(闪烁日)电离层幅度闪烁指数S4的最终值,其中不同颜色方框图例表示不同卫星的PRN码。S4数值大小代表L波段电离层幅度闪烁指数的大小。可以看出,闪烁接收机在UT11:00时刻监测到闪烁现象,此时幅度闪烁指数S4的数值超过0.6,表示电离层发生了强闪烁[12],时间持续到UT17:00。
图 2(b)展示了Darwin测站(经度130°E)电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化趋势。对闪烁事件当天的VTEC数据分析显示,VTEC变化呈现出明显的赤道异常南北双峰特征,其中北峰值达到99.6 TECu。而从UT10:00(LT18:00)开始,电离层VTEC逐渐下降,这一趋势可以归因于太阳辐射的减弱,电离层中的电子和离子逐步复合,电子密度下降。在夜间时段,随着太阳辐射的减弱,电离层电子密度进一步降低,VTEC值曲线也趋于平缓。特别是在UT13:00—18:00(LT21:00—02:00)期间,VTEC的变化符合电离层TEC日变化规律,夜间时段(LT21:00—00:00)VTEC值迅速下降,凌晨时段(LT00:00—02:00)VTEC进一步降低。
分析幅度闪烁指数S4与电离层VTEC的变化趋势发现,闪烁发生时段对应的VTEC谷值明显降低,峰谷差值在UT12:00时达到最大,为64.8 TECu,VTEC峰谷比值为3.95,VTEC梯度变化为4.32 TECu/(°),3个指数均显著高于闪烁未发生时段的变化。VTEC值在UT10:00时仍呈现正常的南北双峰特征,但从UT11:00时刻开始,VTEC峰谷差值逐渐增大,持续到UT16:00后才恢复正常。表明电离层闪烁与赤道异常变化可能存在着相关性,且VTEC峰谷剧烈变化的时段与强闪烁发生的时间基本一致,说明电离层闪烁现象对赤道异常的变化存在响应。
对Darwin测站2014-01-15(非闪烁日)的数据分析表明,太阳活动和地磁活动在此期间处于较弱阶段。图 3(a)显示了当天电离层幅度闪烁指数S4的信息。由图可见,S4数值始终低于0.2,大部分时段数值小于0.1,表明在此期间电离层未发生显著的闪烁现象,高频闪烁接收机未检测到明显的闪烁活动。
图 3(b)展示了非闪烁日Darwin测站电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化情况。受太阳活动的影响,电离层VTEC变化存在典型的时空变化特点,即时间上白昼时段VTEC值高于夜间,空间上赤道及低纬度地区的VTEC值普遍高于高纬地区。分析VTEC的变化可以看出,太阳活动剧烈的时段UT00:00—UT06:00(LT08:00—14:00)内,VTEC数值由于太阳辐射增强而逐渐增大,并在LT12:00时刻达到最大值。傍晚至夜间时段UT08:00—22:00(LT16:00—06:00),随着太阳辐射强度的减弱VTEC值逐渐下降,这种变化规律符合电离层物理变化基本特性。从高频闪烁接收机提供的S4数据可以确认,当天电离层并未发生闪烁现象,进一步验证了电离层闪烁与赤道异常特征之间存在正相关性。表明在无显著赤道异常特征的情况下,电离层环境较为平稳,未发生闪烁现象。
同样对Weipa测站2014-03-16(闪烁日)的数据进行分析,结果显示,当天的太阳和地磁活动都较为平静,Dst最小值为-43 nT,太阳辐射通量F10.7为134.2 sfu。图 4(a)展示了当天电离层幅度闪烁指数S4的数值。可以看出,接收机在UT11:00时刻开始监测到电离层强闪烁现象,S4的数值超过0.6,电离层发生强烈的闪烁现象,且数值大于0.4的时间持续到UT16:00时刻。
图 4(b)绘制了Weipa测站所在经度(140°E)电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化曲线。分析结果表明,VTEC整体呈现双峰分布特征,南峰值明显高于北峰,最大值出现在南纬7.5°附近,达到128.0 TECu。这一现象与2014-03南半球夏末秋初的季节特点密切相关,太阳直射点此时位于南半球中纬度区域,强烈的太阳辐射导致该区域电子密度增加,从而使VTEC值升高。而且赤道电场和中性风的作用也是增强南峰VTEC值的影响因素[13],纬圈中性风与赤道附近的磁力线近乎垂直,其经向分量对赤道电离异常峰可能有显著的增强作用,通过改变等离子体分布促进电子密度聚集,尤其在南半球夏季表现更加显著。从UT07:00(LT16:00)开始,电离层VTEC值逐渐下降,原因是随着太阳辐射的减弱,电子和离子逐渐复合,导致电子密度下降。夜间时段太阳辐射逐渐消失,电子密度进一步减少,VTEC曲线趋于平缓。分析UT11:00—15:00(LT20:00—00:00)时段的VTEC变化发现,VTEC值的变化与电离层物理变化规律一致,夜间时段(LT20:00—00:00)VTEC值急剧下降,并在凌晨时段达到最低。
结合幅度闪烁指数S4与电离层VTEC变化趋势进行分析发现,UT10:00—UT12:00期间VTEC谷值出现明显下降。UT11:00时刻峰谷差值最大,为58.4 TECu,此时电离层VTEC峰谷比值为2.49,VTEC梯度变化为3.89 TECu/(°),均明显高于闪烁未发生时段的水平。尽管强闪烁现象仅持续了6 h,但VTEC峰谷差异的最大值均与闪烁发生的时段相吻合。这进一步证明电离层闪烁现象对赤道异常变化作出响应,表明电离层闪烁与赤道异常特征之间存在显著的正相关关系。
对Weipa测站2014-06-06(非闪烁日)相关数据进行分析可知,当天太阳活动和地磁活动均处于较弱阶段。图 5(a)展示了电离层幅度闪烁指数S4的信息。可以看出,当天电离层幅度闪烁指数数值均小于0.2,整体数值处于0.1以下,表明接收机在该时段内未监测到电离层闪烁现象的发生。
图 5(b)展示了非闪烁日Weipa测站电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化曲线。分析可知,电离层VTEC呈现以磁赤道为中心的单峰分布,F10.7太阳辐射通量值为136.9 sfu,反映太阳活动水平较低。这导致电离层电离程度降低,赤道异常现象的强度减弱。此外,地磁活动指数Dst最小值为-17 nT,表明地磁活动也较平静。由于2014-06正值南半球冬季,电离层受季节性变化的影响较小,季节性因素使得高密度电子更容易在某个特定纬度聚集而形成单峰分布。
综上,Weipa测站2014-06-06电离层VTEC呈单峰现象主要是由较低的太阳活动、平静的地磁活动及南半球冬季的季节性因素共同作用所致。通过分析电离层高频闪烁接收机获取的S4数据,当天并未发生闪烁现象,进一步支持了电离层闪烁与赤道VTEC异常变化之间存在正相关关系。
分析Willis Island测站2014-12-29(闪烁日)相关数据显示,Dst最小值为-57 nT,太阳辐射通量F10.7为127.1 sfu,表明当天太阳和地磁活动都处于较弱阶段。图 6(a)展示了Willis Island测站的L波段电离层幅度闪烁指数S4的值。可以看出,除了UT01:00、03:00、04:00—08:00以及UT21:00的短暂时段外,当天大部分时间电离层均发生了显著的强闪烁现象。
图 6(b)绘制了Willis Island测站所处经度(150°E)电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化曲线,整体呈现南北双峰值分布,且南峰更高,最大值为南纬10°附近对应的97.2 TECu。2014-12南半球处于夏季,太阳直射点靠近南回归线,南半球磁低纬区域受到较强的太阳辐射,导致电离层电子密度增加,从而提升了VTEC值。此外,南半球夏季赤道电场及中性风的作用更加显著,进一步增强了VTEC峰值。总体变化分析来看,UT02:00—08:00(LT12:00—18:00)时段VTEC表现出电离层双峰值特点,夜间时段UT10:00—14:00(LT20:00—00:00)由于太阳辐射逐渐减弱,电离层中的电子和离子逐渐复合使VTEC值逐渐减小。在凌晨UT15:00—18:00(LT01:00—04:00) 时段,VTEC值达到最低。而在UT04:00(LT14:00)时刻,因太阳辐射强度增大,电离层电离作用增强,电子密度显著增加,VTEC值也随之达到峰值。
综合幅度闪烁指数S4和VTEC的变化趋势分析,闪烁发生对应时段内电离层VTEC均出现了谷区数值显著下降的现象。峰谷差值最大出现在UT04:00时刻,差值为35.1 TECu,峰谷比值为1.87,VTEC变化梯度为2.0 TECu/(°)。相比Darwin和Weipa测站,Willis Island测站的电离层VTEC异常波动幅度较小,这可能与其距离磁赤道更远有关,赤道电离层异常强度的减弱导致VTEC波动幅度减小。然而,VTEC赤道异常变化趋势依然与闪烁发生时段保持一致,表明闪烁现象对赤道异常特征的响应是持续的,且响应的强度随地理位置的不同而有所变化。
对Willis Island测站2014-05-19(非闪烁日)相关数据进行分析可知,太阳活动和地磁活动均处于较弱阶段。图 7(a)展示了电离层幅度闪烁指数S4的信息。可以看出,当天闪烁指数S4数值均小于0.2,且大部分时间处于0.1以下,表明该段时间内电离层闪烁接收机未监测到闪烁现象的发生。分析图 7(b)Willis Island测站非闪烁日电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化曲线可知,VTEC变化符合电离层时空分布特性。VTEC值在白天UT00:00—06:00(LT10:00—16:00)时段逐渐增大,而在傍晚和夜间UT08:00—20:00(LT18:00—06:00)时段随着太阳辐射强度减弱逐渐减小。此外,赤道及低纬地区的VTEC值明显高于高纬度地区,反映了VTEC受太阳活动影响的特性。结合闪烁指数S4的分析结果,电离层在该时期未发生闪烁现象。这进一步支持了电离层闪烁现象与赤道异常特征之间存在的正相关性,即当VTEC异常变化不显著时,电离层闪烁响应现象未发生。
综上,分析3个测站对应闪烁和非闪烁日数据可知,闪烁事件发生时3个测站的电离层VTEC值均出现异常变化。总体表现为VTEC峰谷差值明显增大,VTEC峰谷比增大,VTEC梯度变化加剧。其中3个测站闪烁日VTEC峰谷差值分别为64.8 TECu、58.4 TECu和35.1 TECu;VTEC峰谷比分别为3.95、2.49和1.87;VTEC梯度分别为4.32 TECu/(°)、3.89 TECu/(°) 和2.0 TECu/(°),均显著高于未发生闪烁时段的数据。整体结果验证了低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁与赤道异常特征之间存在明显的正相关性,即闪烁发生期间,电离层VTEC值随时间和纬度的变化幅度显著加剧。该现象可为利用VTEC变化特征快速识别电离层闪烁事件提供理论参考。
本文利用3个高频闪烁接收机站的L波段电离层闪烁数据,结合电离层VTEC数据,分析地磁和太阳活动相对平静时期磁低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁对赤道异常特征的响应情况。对闪烁和非闪烁日电离层VTEC随纬度和时间的变化特征进行分析,发现低纬地区电离层闪烁响应与赤道异常特征之间存在显著的正相关性。具体表现为在闪烁发生期间,电离层VTEC值随时间和纬度的变化幅度显著加大,尤其是VTEC峰谷差值、峰谷比及梯度的增加均表明,低纬地区L波段电离层闪烁与赤道异常特征之间存在响应关系,有助于深入理解电离层闪烁及其动态变化特性。
由于低纬地区电离层闪烁的触发、产生和演化机制较为复杂,空间科学领域通常通过观测电离层电子密度、TEC、电场及磁场等参数来开展机理性研究。然而,对于GNSS测量的实际应用,通过研究VTEC及其梯度变化特征与电离层闪烁的相关性,有望实现闪烁现象的快速识别与判断,这对于实际工程应用具有重要意义。也为研究电离层闪烁现象及其影响、改善低纬地区的卫星通信质量、提高导航定位精度提供了参考依据。
  • 广西自然科学基金(2020GXNSFBA159033)
  • 广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD19245060)
  • 广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室基金(19-050-11-24)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42064002)
  • 桂林理工大学科研启动基金(GUTQDJJ2019139)
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2025年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.471
  • 接收时间:2024-10-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14
基金
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2020GXNSFBA159033)
广西自然科学基金(2020GXNSFBA159033)
Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(桂科AD19245060)
广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD19245060)
Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics(19-050-11-24)
广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室基金(19-050-11-24)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42064002)
国家自然科学基金(42064002)
Foundation of Guilin University of Technology(GUTQDJJ2019139)
桂林理工大学科研启动基金(GUTQDJJ2019139)
作者信息
    1 桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院,桂林市雁山街319号,541006
    2 广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室,桂林市雁山街319号,541006
    3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,武汉市珞喻路129号,430079
    4 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所,青岛市仙山东路36号,266107

通讯作者:

黄玲,副教授,主要研究方向为GNSS电离层与精密定位,E-mail:

HUANG Ling, associate professor, majors in GNSS ionosphere and precise positioning, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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