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Article(id=1322506286630031604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506166672937516, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.454, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727539200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239669710, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239669710, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239669710, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239669710, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506166672937516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='771', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755187200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239641110, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239641110, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=867, endPage=874, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506286881689845, articleId=1322506286630031604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=A Mobile Terminal Platform for Node Seismometers Based on Bluetooth Low Energy and Ultra-High Frequency RFID Technologies, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the challenges of insufficient real-time interaction capabilities and limited functionalities in wireless node seismometers during geophysical exploration and seismic monitoring, this study designs an Android-based integrated platform for node seismometer monitoring and field deployment. The platform leverages bluetooth low energy(BLE) technology and implements a custom encrypted wireless communication protocol to enable data exchange and device control between mobile terminals and node instruments. Key functionalities include real-time visualization of single/triaxial seismic velocity signals, status monitoring, and synchronized configuration of single or multiple devices. Additionally, the platform integrates ultra-high frequency(UHF) RFID technology, QR code scanning, and electronic maps to achieve rapid field deployment of seismic node arrays. SQLite databases and a local file system are employed to ensure reliable recording of survey lines, parameter configurations, and system log management. Experimental results demonstrate that the platform can enhance the efficiency of field geophysical surveys and mobile seismic monitoring.

, authors=Cong PANG1, 2, Sirui LIU1, 3, Tao WU1, Zhongya LI1, 2, Yong JIANG1, *, authorsList=Cong PANG, Sirui LIU, Tao WU, Zhongya LI, Yong JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong JIANG, authorNote=

PANG Cong, engineer, majors in AI seismology and software development, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506291428315406, articleId=1322506286630031604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于低功耗蓝牙和超高频RFID等技术的节点地震仪移动终端平台, columnId=1322506256904994864, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=观测技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对无线节点地震仪在物探与地震监测过程中实时交互能力不足、功能匮乏的现状，设计基于Android的节点地震仪监控与野外布设综合平台。平台采用低功耗蓝牙(bluetooth low energy, BLE)通信技术，通过自定义加密无线通信协议实现移动终端与节点式仪器的数据通信与设备控制，完成对单点设备的单/三分量地震动速度信号实时显示、状态查询与单台/多台同步设置；应用超高频射频识别技术、QR扫描和电子地图实现野外快速布设节点地震仪阵列测线；应用SQLite数据库和本地文件系统实现测线可靠记录、参数设置和系统日志的管理。经测试，平台可提高节点地震仪器系统野外物探勘测和流动监测工作效率。

, authors=庞聪1, 2, 刘斯睿1, 3, 吴涛1, 李忠亚1, 2, 江勇1, *, authorsList=庞聪, 刘斯睿, 吴涛, 李忠亚, 江勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=江勇, authorNote=

庞聪，工程师，主要从事人工智能地震学与软件开发研究，E-mail：

, correspAuthorsNote=

江勇，助理研究员，主要从事地震观测技术与仪器研究，E-mail：

JIANG Yong, assistant researcher, majors in seismic observation and instrument, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有，未经授权，不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=spua2J5bMvUdCuwr56NVlQ==, magXml=fAqXuXswaAXcpJkkFNdosA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=rnfGmOEsJlIykIwsRvUDMQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=P2vX8hxUiDEFCmsusdVquw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322506291910660377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506286630031604, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ponspc@foxmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322506292007129372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506286630031604, authorId=1322506291910660377, language=EN, stringName=Cong PANG, firstName=Cong, middleName=null, lastName=PANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Institute of Seismology, CEA, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China
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Structure of the deployment data table

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序号 字段名 数据类型 含义
1 ns_FFID Int(32) 序列号
2 ns_line Int(32) 线号
3 ns_station Int(32) 桩号
4 ns_time String(32) 部署时间
5 ns_lon String(32) 经度
6 ns_lat String(32) 纬度
7 ns_source String(32) 部署方式
8 ns_distance String(32) 间距
9 ns_status String(32) 部署状态
10 ns_man String(32) 部署人
11 ns_comment String(128) 备注
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部署数据表结构

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序号 字段名 数据类型 含义
1 ns_FFID Int(32) 序列号
2 ns_line Int(32) 线号
3 ns_station Int(32) 桩号
4 ns_time String(32) 部署时间
5 ns_lon String(32) 经度
6 ns_lat String(32) 纬度
7 ns_source String(32) 部署方式
8 ns_distance String(32) 间距
9 ns_status String(32) 部署状态
10 ns_man String(32) 部署人
11 ns_comment String(128) 备注
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Results of performance and exception handling tests

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序号 测试项目 测试内容 结果
1 节点连续监测 配置参数100次 100%
2 波形持续显示 连续绘图1 h 100%
3 放炮记录仪连接 持续连接8 h 100%
4 放炮信号接收 持续接收100炮 100%
5 RFID扫描 连续扫描200台 100%
6 QR扫码 连续扫描100台 100%
7 部署文件生成 导出文件100次 100%
8 未扫描出仪器 远离节点搜索 多选项处置
9 蓝牙异常 未开启蓝牙 自动开启
10 风险操作数据库 删除数据/数据库 弹窗警告
11 表单字符超限 输入数字外字符 系统提示
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性能测试与异常处置测试结果

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序号 测试项目 测试内容 结果
1 节点连续监测 配置参数100次 100%
2 波形持续显示 连续绘图1 h 100%
3 放炮记录仪连接 持续连接8 h 100%
4 放炮信号接收 持续接收100炮 100%
5 RFID扫描 连续扫描200台 100%
6 QR扫码 连续扫描100台 100%
7 部署文件生成 导出文件100次 100%
8 未扫描出仪器 远离节点搜索 多选项处置
9 蓝牙异常 未开启蓝牙 自动开启
10 风险操作数据库 删除数据/数据库 弹窗警告
11 表单字符超限 输入数字外字符 系统提示
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基于低功耗蓝牙和超高频RFID等技术的节点地震仪移动终端平台
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庞聪 1, 2 , 刘斯睿 1, 3 , 吴涛 1 , 李忠亚 1, 2 , 江勇 1, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 观测技术 2025,45(8): 867-874
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大地测量与地球动力学 |观测技术 2025 , 45 (8) : 867 -874
基于低功耗蓝牙和超高频RFID等技术的节点地震仪移动终端平台
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庞聪1, 2 , 刘斯睿1, 3, 吴涛1, 李忠亚1, 2, 江勇1, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地震研究所，武汉市洪山侧路40号，430071
  • 2 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站，武汉市洪山侧路40号，430071
  • 3 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院，北京市玉泉路19号甲，100049
通讯作者:

江勇，助理研究员，主要从事地震观测技术与仪器研究，E-mail：

JIANG Yong, assistant researcher, majors in seismic observation and instrument, E-mail:

作者简介:

庞聪，工程师，主要从事人工智能地震学与软件开发研究，E-mail：

A Mobile Terminal Platform for Node Seismometers Based on Bluetooth Low Energy and Ultra-High Frequency RFID Technologies
Cong PANG1, 2 , Sirui LIU1, 3, Tao WU1, Zhongya LI1, 2, Yong JIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Seismology, CEA, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 2 Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station, 40 Hongshance Road, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 3 School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, A19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China

    • PANG Cong, engineer, majors in AI seismology and software development, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.454
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摘要
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针对无线节点地震仪在物探与地震监测过程中实时交互能力不足、功能匮乏的现状，设计基于Android的节点地震仪监控与野外布设综合平台。平台采用低功耗蓝牙(bluetooth low energy, BLE)通信技术，通过自定义加密无线通信协议实现移动终端与节点式仪器的数据通信与设备控制，完成对单点设备的单/三分量地震动速度信号实时显示、状态查询与单台/多台同步设置；应用超高频射频识别技术、QR扫描和电子地图实现野外快速布设节点地震仪阵列测线；应用SQLite数据库和本地文件系统实现测线可靠记录、参数设置和系统日志的管理。经测试，平台可提高节点地震仪器系统野外物探勘测和流动监测工作效率。

节点地震仪  /  综合平台软件  /  低功耗蓝牙  /  超高频射频识别  /  系统软件集成

To address the challenges of insufficient real-time interaction capabilities and limited functionalities in wireless node seismometers during geophysical exploration and seismic monitoring, this study designs an Android-based integrated platform for node seismometer monitoring and field deployment. The platform leverages bluetooth low energy(BLE) technology and implements a custom encrypted wireless communication protocol to enable data exchange and device control between mobile terminals and node instruments. Key functionalities include real-time visualization of single/triaxial seismic velocity signals, status monitoring, and synchronized configuration of single or multiple devices. Additionally, the platform integrates ultra-high frequency(UHF) RFID technology, QR code scanning, and electronic maps to achieve rapid field deployment of seismic node arrays. SQLite databases and a local file system are employed to ensure reliable recording of survey lines, parameter configurations, and system log management. Experimental results demonstrate that the platform can enhance the efficiency of field geophysical surveys and mobile seismic monitoring.

node seismometers  /  intergrated platform software  /  bluetooth low energy  /  ultra high frequency RFID  /  system software integration
庞聪, 刘斯睿, 吴涛, 李忠亚, 江勇. 基于低功耗蓝牙和超高频RFID等技术的节点地震仪移动终端平台. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (8) : 867 -874 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.454
Cong PANG, Sirui LIU, Tao WU, Zhongya LI, Yong JIANG. A Mobile Terminal Platform for Node Seismometers Based on Bluetooth Low Energy and Ultra-High Frequency RFID Technologies[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (8) : 867 -874 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.454
正文
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基于地震波的地球物理勘探技术[1]已成为我国防灾减灾体系中的核心手段之一，其高效实施依赖于智能化、高可靠性的地震仪器与专业软件的支撑。相较于传统有线物探设备受线缆束缚的局限性，无线节点式地震仪凭借其轻量化与灵活性的优势，显著提升了野外作业的机动性与部署效率，尤其适用于复杂山地及高风险区域的探测任务。通过集成自动化移动终端技术，其综合性能已可比肩传统有线物探系统。然而，现有的无线节点式地震仪相关软件平台和物探移动终端平台已难以适应目前地震流动监测与勘探不同场合的现实需要，仅能完成某一项功能，如场地监测、参数配置、站点布线、点源放炮或GNSS采集等，缺乏功能完备性、协议一致性和技术先进性[2-5]。
为此，本研究设计了基于Android的无线节点地震仪移动终端软件综合平台，采用BLE[6]通信协议、超高频RFID[7]扫描技术、电子地图[8]与大量第三方工具库[9-11]，集成实现对阵列节点地震仪系统设备在地球物理勘探和流动监测中的无线监控、参数配置、快速部署与放炮管理，有效提高了野外工作效率，可产出稳定、可靠、高质量的物探勘测和地震监测数据。
1 系统方案设计
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系统硬件主要由阵列节点地震仪器主机、无线移动终端、充电箱、数据下载存储柜、远程服务器等组成，搭配人工震源设备(震源车或敲击小车等)、点源放炮记录仪、地震勘探数据处理软件，可连续产出dat或DLD格式原始地震动信号[12-13]，完成物探勘测、活断层探测、微振动采集和地震流动监测等复杂任务。
节点地震仪系统主要工作流程如图 1所示。仪器连接开机后，完成节点GNSS/GPS搜星与节点地震仪时间同步，然后通过BLE，移动终端自组局域网，终端运行软件在自组网内依次对各节点或者同时对多个节点发送控制命令，进行广播式配对、设备参数配置并校对、数据传输、设备复位重启等操作，可获取各节点工作状态。准备就绪后，节点按照等间距依次放置在既定测线的点位上，移动终端按照一定顺序依次扫描所有的节点地震仪，获取主机ID、电池ID、经纬度和扫描时间等信息，并全部记录在数据库中，等待编辑和导出部署文件；同时，移动终端与放炮记录仪通过蓝牙实现无线无缝连接，系统终端设备软件可以实时接收人工震源设备的放炮信号并采集授时信号、UTC、经纬度、野外文件号(FFID)等数据。
2 平台设计与实现
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综合平台以Android Studio为Java程序开发工具。采用64位计算机的Windows 10操作系统，安装有基于Android 11.0软件测试系统，可兼容Android 6.0~13.0系统和鸿蒙2.0~4.0系统。测试终端设备内存2 GB，存储32 GB，显示分辨率1 920×1 080，CPU为8核2.3 GHz的MT6765V/CB，内置蓝牙5.0、GPS+AGPS/北斗定位模块和RFID收发端，支持WiFi/4G/5G。软件为在硬件设备上正常运行的最低配置：存储16 GB，5英寸屏，蓝牙4.2标准，后置摄像头200万像素，Android 6.0版本以上。
2.1 软件框架结构设计
系统平台软件采用Fragment框架体系设计界面侧边导航栏，将多个Fragment嵌入在Activity中，考虑到宿主生命周期的影响，通过Navigation库实现不同Fragment之间的切换与导航。模块化设计包括节点控制、可视化、野外部署、点源放炮管理、数据管理等一、二级模块(图 2)。
1) 可视化：实现节点地震仪实时微动信号多尺度显示，支持对显示图形尺度的放大和缩小；实现野外布线的地图显示，包括地图类型切换、路线规划、定位仪器等功能。
2) 节点控制：对阵列每一台节点地震仪器的参数查询与无线配置，包括工作参数、标定参数、时间参数、检波器参数、网络参数和参数校核等。
3) 放炮管理：对炮线新建与删除，实现对人工震源设备(震源车、锤击小车、单锤等)放炮信号接收与存储在时间轴上的有序管理。
4) 野外部署：新建测线与测点、RFID扫描、QR扫描、混采模式、经纬度获取、扫描模式、部署方式等多个功能。
5) 数据管理：对野外部署节点采集数据、放炮记录、节点控制日志等进行数据库管理，支持数据文件的生成、文件树显示与应用分享。
2.2 低功耗蓝牙与数据通信
BLE是一种显著区别于经典蓝牙的低能耗、低数据量、速率较低、连接快的短距离数据传输技术和局域网组网方案，适合在物联网(IoT)采集单元、移动设备和可穿戴设备中长期稳定使用，其数据通信流程如图 3所示。本文数据通信模块采用SoC芯片、BLE 5.0蓝牙协议和SIG Mesh规范，实现AES硬件加密算法和大量的外设接口，支持10 m以内的近距离数据稳定交换。
平台与节点仪器间的数据通信是通过自定义通信协议实现数据信息交互，通信格式包括协议头、协议类型、协议主体数据、校验码、协议尾等结构，分别占比4 B、4 B、可变字节数、4 B、4 B，整条协议长度一般不超过BLE蓝牙通信长度限定的127 B。其中，协议头为固定不变的数据，表示该协议段为该平台专用的蓝牙通信数据；协议类型用来区分主体多字节数据的功能区别，比如参数查询、参数设置、波形显示、复位、放炮记录等；协议主体数据的字节长度根据协议类型有所差异，一般不超过111 B；协议校验位利用CRC32算法计算主体数据获取，有效保证了每一条数据传输的完备性。
使用移动终端操控节点地震仪器时，可在最大通信距离不超过10 m的条件下(理论可达100 m，实测结果显示10 m以内通信效果较为可靠)，以点对点固定间距进行通信或点对点相对运动的方式进行短距离通信，仪器与终端之间不能有建筑物、人员或树木等遮挡。节点地震仪的参数配置、波形显示等功能一般在测试准备阶段和出厂配置阶段使用，大量仪器会被平整地放置在地面等待一致性测试或收纳在仪器包中等待运输，因此不会出现严重遮挡影响蓝牙通信的情况。
2.3 波形显示功能设计
平台的单/三分量波形显示功能是利用Android第三方库MPAndroidChart实现数据可视化，包括折线图(图 4)、散点图、饼图等多种图表类型的跨平台嵌入与显示，利用LineData、LineDataSet、Entry分别存储节点实时数据的线集合、点集合和点线集合，再调用集合方法notifyDataChanged()和notifyDataSetChanged()依次更新线集合和折线表。地震波形动态刷新显示则依托于moveViewToX()图形坐标滚动和定时器ScheduledExecutorService相配合。其中，ScheduledExecutorService相当于一个线程池，可以实现多线程并发的循环定时任务，本研究设定定时参数为1 000 ms。
2.4 部署模块与电子地图设计
部署界面设计采用2个RadioGroup存放部署和扫描的行布局，其中，部署分为空位部署和重新部署，前者只能对未部署的桩线进行部署，后者针对部署数据库中的全部桩线进行校核部署。扫描分为连续扫描和单点扫描，前者表示移动终端点击按钮“RFID扫描”后，将会持续动态运行扫描功能，直至用户主动点击“RFID停止”按钮后才会终止；后者表示扫描到仪器主机ID和电池ID后，会自动暂停RFID扫描功能。
为具象化节点地震仪部署，便于可视化管理，平台使用百度地图SDK工具，实现部署点位的位置可视化与测点操作。地图使用墨卡托投影法和BD09坐标系，若使用WGS84或GCJ02坐标系，则需要把采集数据转换为BD09；地图开发主要涉及Android地图SDK密钥获取、SDKInitializer位置权限初始化、MapView布局、BaiduMap方法和Marker覆盖物的实现。
由于节点地震仪器在野外布设一般达几十到几百个，测线布设较为复杂或是在夜间掩埋安装，除了实现地图类型切换、当前位置定位以外，还需要借助仪器找回或节点定位等自定义功能，协助作业人员寻找模糊位置的仪器(图 5)。这就需要用户在地图上点击某台节点marker作为目的地址，平台默认终端所在位置为起始点，也可以点击地图任一点作为新的出发地；通过点击“路线规划”按钮执行RoutePlanSearch类中的drivingSearch方法并实施OnGetRoutePlanResultListener监听，平台将诉求上传至百度地图云库进行路线策略解算，然后返回正确规划结果并在终端界面弹出推荐路线文字和地图行驶轨迹，有效抑制了流动式节点地震仪器在野外容易丢失或损坏的情况。
2.5 数据库与文件系统设计
为便于保存野外存储部署记录、放炮信息和APP生成的数据文件，软件设计了包含多个数据表的数据库和本地文件系统，分别部署数据表、放炮数据表、设置记录表、登录数据表、XML部署文件、TXT放炮记录文件、系统配置文件等。如表 1，部署数据表的结构设计包含了常规地球物理勘探所需的主要参数，保障地震数据切割、合成、叠加和格式转换等预处理过程，并能正确识别单台节点地震仪器数据。
平台采用体积小、运行迅速、可离线存取的SQLite轻量化数据库，一种ACID嵌入式关系型数据库管理系统，支持Windows/Android/Linux/Unix等操作系统和Java、C#、PHP等主流编程语言。在移动终端平台中，SQLite数据表结构被定义在继承SQLiteOpenHelper类的子类中，依次通过insert、delete、update、query等SQLiteDatabase类方法，实现部署数据或放炮数据、日志数据(图 6)的新增、删除、更新和查询。
文件系统模块(图 7)可实现对重要文本文件浏览、查看和分享等操作，通过蓝牙、微信、邮箱等发送至外部用户。模块使用了File类读取终端内部存储下的文件目录，将获取的文件遍历信息，通过ArrayList动态数组和Adapter容器显示在界面的ListView部件中；同时，添加ListView监听器完成对屏幕各种点击事件的监控，便于执行不同类型的操作。当用户在屏幕上短按一条文件记录，平台立刻提请Intent链接至蓝牙发送；当长按该行，平台触发Intent链接至第三方APP程序中进行分享。
2.6 超高频RFID识别和QR扫描模块设计
超高频RFID识别是移动终端平台数据传输的核心功能之一，使用防碰触算法、低功耗芯片、新型UHF电子标签天线和测试认证体系等技术，有效保障非接触式短距离无线数据交换，相对普通RFID技术数据交换速度更快，识别距离更远。可将电子标签紧贴在节点地震仪器的塑料壳内侧，利用定向无线信号实现数据交换的可穿透性和抗干扰性(图 8)，使得节点地震仪器在关机情况下以不超过1.5 m的扫描间距获取电子标签信息，而蓝牙通信需要节点地震仪器开机完成GNSS授时并完全激活后实现数据双向交互。
QR扫码模块利用zxing第三方库实现对一维码和二维码的扫描和识别，通过哈希表Hashtable < DecodeHintType, String>和位图类BinaryBitmap存储扫码图片资源，以QRCodeReader的reader方法进行QR码解析，最后将解析结果以字符串形式输出。在移动终端中，用户点击部署界面中的二维码图形按钮，激活后置摄像头的拍照功能生成一个专用扫码界面，终端扫描到主机二维码或电池一维码后，处理结果将会自动填充至页面中的相应位置EditText文本框中。
2.7 放炮管理模块
放炮管理实现与放炮记录仪设备的无线连接，接收并存储来自该设备的放炮信号，其子模块有放炮主页、放炮数据库、放炮文件系统、炮线管理、放炮记录仪配置等。放炮主页包含FFID、桩号、线号、设备计数、单炮计数等若干个显示部件和叠加、开始、废炮、重放等响应式按钮。其中，备注和重放按钮可通过弹出的提示性浮窗选择合适的按钮操作，废炮和备注按钮都能实现在上一炮数据中添加辅助性文字备注的功能。放炮数据库以响应式列表形式展示全部放炮过程记录，短按记录可以触发信息弹窗显示该条放炮记录全部信息，长按记录弹出的浮窗可以标记废炮或删除单条记录。
3 活断层探测实验与平台测试
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3.1 功能测试
平台测试选定在武汉市汉南区纱帽大道断裂带附近，使用WTC5112TZY型震源车激发震波方式进行人工振动测试，震源车振动频率3~140 Hz，重锤质量380 kg，重锤有效行程85 mm，提供最大振动力49 kN，约11 200 lb推力。布设197台测试节点地震仪，节点间距预设3.0 m，测线近似一条直线，长约600 m；放炮间距与节点距相同，叠加放炮3次，配合3台移动终端分别执行配置、部署和放炮任务，并与中海达V96实时定位设备、皮尺完成定位和测试前的准备。
根据实验要求和场地条件，平台软件发送控制命令配置采样率、增益、滤波类型等关系到微动信号质量的参数(图 9)，点击页面按钮使配置生效。在部署模块中新建测线和测点，会在数据库中生成一个包含线号、桩号和部署的列表，用户在部署主界面打开RFID或者QR扫码，按照节点布设顺序依次获取每台节点地震仪主机序列号、电池序列号、经纬度、节点间距、扫码时间等参数信息(图 10)，然后点击按钮将部署点记录更新至数据库中。扫描整条测线后，进入放炮模块界面新建炮线，将移动终端与放炮记录仪设备连接，点击按钮运行，接收来自人工震源车的锤击信号，当发现有误触发时，可点击废炮按钮标记，并将FFID重置为该条废炮位置，或点击重放按钮来对当前炮点位置进行叠加炮重置，实施连续完整序列放炮。数据接收完毕后，可从数据库模块中(图 11)点击“导出全部”或者“导出今日”生成所需文件。
从平台导出的关键性物探文件如图 12所示，包括XML格式的部署文件和TXT格式的放炮文件。文件包含线号、点号、主机序列号、电池序列号、经度、纬度、测距、备注、时间等重要数据信息，按照对应的标签结构依次换行升序排列，每一条部署记录占14行文本。放炮文件包含高精度的GPS时、UTC时、叠加炮序列(炮号+线号)等用来支撑切割原始微震时间序列的元素，首行为标题，放炮数据依据FFID大小换行分布。
3.2 系统性能测试与异常处置
因物探作业或流动监测需要，仪器可能在野外恶劣环境运行数十个小时，甚至更长，运行的稳定性，特别是与外部硬件设备间耗时性数据交互的稳定性是考验系统平台可靠、有效的重要指标。具体包括：配置仪器参数100次的节点地震仪运行稳定性；实时显示1 h连续波形的数据采集稳定性；放炮记录仪APP连接至少8 h和放炮信号接收、持续扫描200台仪器的有效RFID识别或100台仪器QR扫二维码和在不同测试阶段导出文件累计达100次的部署/放炮文件完整性等指标。使用连续9 h节点地震仪系统野外测试记录数据验证上述系统稳定性指标，结果均达到预期。
完善的异常情况紧急处置机制是保障节点地震仪系统顺利开展野外作业的重要支撑，可以避免难以预测的应用崩溃、处理流程中断或者界面不响应等情形。常见异常现象原因如下：
1) 蓝牙信号未能扫描到某台节点地震仪器。可能是因为移动终端离待测开机节点地震仪距离大于20 m，或者附近20 m内有其他已开机节点地震仪器和蓝牙设备。
2) 蓝牙连接异常。可能是因为手机未开启蓝牙时打开了APP；如果手机蓝牙已开启，则可能是APP蓝牙通信过程中因误操作断开了蓝牙。
3) 未按要求填报表单的提示。
4) 数据意外删除或编辑的安全性提示。
表 2为性能测试与异常处置测试结果。结果显示，移动终端平台在“节点连续监测”“波形持续显示”“放炮记录仪连接”“放炮信号接收”“RFID扫描”“QR扫码”等性能测试均获得通过，分别对应测试节点仪蓝牙、节点仪检波器、放炮仪蓝牙、放炮仪时间同步模块、RFID收发器和终端摄像头等外设装置的交互性能；同时，异常处置发挥了一定效果。
4 结语
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为了提高节点地震仪器系统在地球物理勘探和流动监测中的现场操控能力和工作效率，设计了基于Android系统的仪器野外部署和仪器控制平台。平台通过手持移动终端可实现现场短距离扫描节点地震仪布设测线，监控、修改、配置节点地震仪器的工作参数，提供实时波形显示和电子地图，以供野外作业人员快速掌握节点地震仪工作状态，提高了野外地震仪器观测数据的可靠性和现场物探的便捷度。平台融合了多种先进通信技术和数据可视化模块，具有较好的地震行业应用前景与推广价值。
基金
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  • 中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202236328)
  • 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202406)
  • 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202208)
  • 中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH24025YC)
  • 湖北省地震局揭榜挂帅项目(ZF-HX-20230005)
文献
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2025年第45卷第8期
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文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.454
  • 接收时间：2024-09-29
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-08-15
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-09-29
基金
Scientific Research Found of Institute of Seismology, CEA and National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEM(IS202236328)
中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202236328)
Open Fund of Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station(WHYWZ202406)
武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202406)
Open Fund of Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station(WHYWZ202208)
武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202208)
The Spark Program of Earthquake Technology of CEA(XH24025YC)
中国地震局地震科技星火计划(XH24025YC)
Unveiling and Leadership Project of Hubei Earthquake Agency(ZF-HX-20230005)
湖北省地震局揭榜挂帅项目(ZF-HX-20230005)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局地震研究所，武汉市洪山侧路40号，430071
    2 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站，武汉市洪山侧路40号，430071
    3 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院，北京市玉泉路19号甲，100049

通讯作者:

江勇，助理研究员，主要从事地震观测技术与仪器研究，E-mail：

JIANG Yong, assistant researcher, majors in seismic observation and instrument, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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