Article(id=1322506196993552859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506166672937516, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.468, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728662400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239648339, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239648339, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239648339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239648339, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506166672937516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='771', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755187200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239641110, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239641110, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=858, endPage=866, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506197459120604, articleId=1322506196993552859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=The Integrated Correction of InSAR Atmospheric Delays and Its Impact on Landslide Disaster Identification, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper develops an integrated InSAR atmospheric delay correction method that combines external atmospheric data with topographic data. The basic approach involves introducing external atmospheric data to perform rough atmospheric delay correction on InSAR interferograms, followed by the establishment of a global correction model that links regional elevation to the interferometric phase, thereby suppressing the topography-related atmospheric delay components with long wavelength distributions. The interferogram is then processed in blocks, and a locally adaptive topography-related atmospheric delay error model is established for each block to achieve refined atmospheric delay correction for each sub-region. This study uses the Zagunao river basin, an area where landslides frequently occur, as a case study. Different atmospheric correction methods are applied to correct atmospheric delay errors in InSAR interferograms and to identify landslides. The results show that as the atmospheric correction progresses, the correlation between InSAR phase and topography significantly decreases, validating the effectiveness of the integrated atmospheric correction method. Furthermore, regional time series deformation analysis and landslide identification demonstrate that the integrated atmospheric delay correction method can effectively restore deformation signals from medium- and small-sized landslides, and significantly improve the accuracy of landslide boundary detection. Statistical analysis reveals that, compared to a single external atmospheric correction, the combined global topography-related atmospheric correction increases the number of identified landslides by 75%, and after further introducing local adaptive atmospheric correction, the number of identified landslides increases by an additional 33%.

, authors=Yiyang LU1, Yinghui YANG1, *, Qiang XU1, Chengdai ZI2, Qiang CHEN2, Pengfei LI3, Quan YUAN4, authorsList=Yiyang LU, Yinghui YANG, Qiang XU, Chengdai ZI, Qiang CHEN, Pengfei LI, Quan YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yinghui YANG, authorNote=

LU Yiyang, postgraduate, majors in early identification of geological hazards using InSAR, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506205658984944, articleId=1322506196993552859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=InSAR大气延迟一体化校正及其对滑坡灾害识别影响研究, columnId=1322506197874356701, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地壳运动, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

提出一种综合外部大气数据与地形数据的一体化InSAR大气延迟校正方法。在引入外部大气数据对InSAR干涉对进行大气延迟粗校正的基础上,建立区域高程与干涉相位相关的全局校正模型,抑制区域长波分布地形相关大气延迟分量;再对干涉图进行分块处理,并对每个分块建立局部最适应的地形相关大气延迟误差模型,实现对各子块的精细化大气延迟误差校正。以滑坡灾害密集发育的杂谷脑河流域为例,利用不同的大气校正方法开展InSAR干涉对的大气延迟误差校正与滑坡识别。结果显示,随着大气校正的逐步开展,InSAR相位与地形的相关性呈显著下降趋势,验证了一体化大气延迟校正方法的有效性。区域时序形变解算与滑坡灾害识别显示,一体化大气延迟校正方法可有效恢复中小型滑坡形变信号,并显著有利于滑坡变形边界的准确探测。统计发现,相比于单一外部大气校正,联合全局地形相关大气校正识别滑坡数量增加了75%,而进一步引入局部自适应大气校正后,识别滑坡数量又增加了33%。

, authors=卢逸阳1, 杨莹辉1, *, 许强1, 字成岱2, 陈强2, 李鹏飞3, 袁泉4, authorsList=卢逸阳, 杨莹辉, 许强, 字成岱, 陈强, 李鹏飞, 袁泉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨莹辉, authorNote=

卢逸阳,硕士生,主要研究方向为地质灾害InSAR早期识别,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

杨莹辉,博士,教授,主要研究方向为InSAR地震地质灾害监测与反演,E-mail:

YANG Yinghui, PhD, professor, majors in monitoring and inversion of seismic and geological disasters using InSAR, E-mail:

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Key parameters of SAR data and associated external data types

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参数类型 基本参数
轨道类型 太阳同步轨道
轨道方向 升轨
轨道高度/km 693
飞行方位角/(°) -10.19
入射角/(°) 39.23
卫星重访周期/d 12
成像模式 干涉宽幅(IW)
空间分辨率/m 5×20
成像带宽/km 250
监测时间范围 2018-01—2023-01
影像覆盖数量/幅 152
DEM数据和轨道数据 30 m分辨率DEM+POD轨道数据
), ArticleFig(id=1322506223056958014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506196993552859, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SAR数据主要参数及其相关外部数据类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型 基本参数
轨道类型 太阳同步轨道
轨道方向 升轨
轨道高度/km 693
飞行方位角/(°) -10.19
入射角/(°) 39.23
卫星重访周期/d 12
成像模式 干涉宽幅(IW)
空间分辨率/m 5×20
成像带宽/km 250
监测时间范围 2018-01—2023-01
影像覆盖数量/幅 152
DEM数据和轨道数据 30 m分辨率DEM+POD轨道数据
), ArticleFig(id=1322506223128261183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506196993552859, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Statistics on the number of valid corrected interferograms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 有效校正数量 有效校正比例/%
GACOS大气延迟校正 232 54
GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正 283 66
一体化大气延迟校正 318 74
), ArticleFig(id=1322506223413473856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506196993552859, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有效校正干涉图数量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 有效校正数量 有效校正比例/%
GACOS大气延迟校正 232 54
GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正 283 66
一体化大气延迟校正 318 74
), ArticleFig(id=1322506223497359937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506196993552859, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Disaster identification statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 灾害识别个数 描述
GACOS大气延迟校正 12 滑坡轮廓不明显
GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正 21 识别获得更多中小滑坡
一体化大气延迟校正 28 滑坡轮廓更加明显,边界更加清晰
), ArticleFig(id=1322506223862264386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506196993552859, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

灾害识别统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 灾害识别个数 描述
GACOS大气延迟校正 12 滑坡轮廓不明显
GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正 21 识别获得更多中小滑坡
一体化大气延迟校正 28 滑坡轮廓更加明显,边界更加清晰
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InSAR大气延迟一体化校正及其对滑坡灾害识别影响研究
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卢逸阳 1 , 杨莹辉 1, * , 许强 1 , 字成岱 2 , 陈强 2 , 李鹏飞 3 , 袁泉 4
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地壳运动 2025,45(8): 858-866
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地壳运动 2025 , 45 (8) : 858 -866
InSAR大气延迟一体化校正及其对滑坡灾害识别影响研究
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LU Yiyang, postgraduate, majors in early identification of geological hazards using InSAR, E-mail:

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LU Yiyang, postgraduate, majors in early identification of geological hazards using InSAR, E-mail:

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卢逸阳,硕士生,主要研究方向为地质灾害InSAR早期识别,E-mail:

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卢逸阳1 , 杨莹辉1, * , 许强1, 字成岱2, 陈强2, 李鹏飞3, 袁泉4
作者信息
  • 1 成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室,成都市东三路1号,610059
  • 2 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都市犀安路999号,611756
  • 3 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵阳市兴黔路16号,550081
  • 4 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司,成都市武侯祠横街1号,610041
通讯作者:

杨莹辉,博士,教授,主要研究方向为InSAR地震地质灾害监测与反演,E-mail:

YANG Yinghui, PhD, professor, majors in monitoring and inversion of seismic and geological disasters using InSAR, E-mail:

作者简介:

卢逸阳,硕士生,主要研究方向为地质灾害InSAR早期识别,E-mail:

The Integrated Correction of InSAR Atmospheric Delays and Its Impact on Landslide Disaster Identification
Yiyang LU1 , Yinghui YANG1, * , Qiang XU1, Chengdai ZI2, Qiang CHEN2, Pengfei LI3, Quan YUAN4
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Dongsan Road, Chengdu 610059, China
  • 2 Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 999 Xi'an Road, Chengdu 611756, China
  • 3 Guiyang Engineering Co Ltd, Power China, 16 Xingqian Road, Guiyang 550081, China
  • 4 Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Co Ltd, 1 Wuhouciheng Street, Chengdu 610041, China
  • LU Yiyang, postgraduate, majors in early identification of geological hazards using InSAR, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.468
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提出一种综合外部大气数据与地形数据的一体化InSAR大气延迟校正方法。在引入外部大气数据对InSAR干涉对进行大气延迟粗校正的基础上,建立区域高程与干涉相位相关的全局校正模型,抑制区域长波分布地形相关大气延迟分量;再对干涉图进行分块处理,并对每个分块建立局部最适应的地形相关大气延迟误差模型,实现对各子块的精细化大气延迟误差校正。以滑坡灾害密集发育的杂谷脑河流域为例,利用不同的大气校正方法开展InSAR干涉对的大气延迟误差校正与滑坡识别。结果显示,随着大气校正的逐步开展,InSAR相位与地形的相关性呈显著下降趋势,验证了一体化大气延迟校正方法的有效性。区域时序形变解算与滑坡灾害识别显示,一体化大气延迟校正方法可有效恢复中小型滑坡形变信号,并显著有利于滑坡变形边界的准确探测。统计发现,相比于单一外部大气校正,联合全局地形相关大气校正识别滑坡数量增加了75%,而进一步引入局部自适应大气校正后,识别滑坡数量又增加了33%。

滑坡灾害  /  InSAR早期识别  /  大气延迟误差  /  外部大气数据  /  一体化校正

This paper develops an integrated InSAR atmospheric delay correction method that combines external atmospheric data with topographic data. The basic approach involves introducing external atmospheric data to perform rough atmospheric delay correction on InSAR interferograms, followed by the establishment of a global correction model that links regional elevation to the interferometric phase, thereby suppressing the topography-related atmospheric delay components with long wavelength distributions. The interferogram is then processed in blocks, and a locally adaptive topography-related atmospheric delay error model is established for each block to achieve refined atmospheric delay correction for each sub-region. This study uses the Zagunao river basin, an area where landslides frequently occur, as a case study. Different atmospheric correction methods are applied to correct atmospheric delay errors in InSAR interferograms and to identify landslides. The results show that as the atmospheric correction progresses, the correlation between InSAR phase and topography significantly decreases, validating the effectiveness of the integrated atmospheric correction method. Furthermore, regional time series deformation analysis and landslide identification demonstrate that the integrated atmospheric delay correction method can effectively restore deformation signals from medium- and small-sized landslides, and significantly improve the accuracy of landslide boundary detection. Statistical analysis reveals that, compared to a single external atmospheric correction, the combined global topography-related atmospheric correction increases the number of identified landslides by 75%, and after further introducing local adaptive atmospheric correction, the number of identified landslides increases by an additional 33%.

landslide disaster  /  InSAR early identification  /  atmospheric delay errors  /  external atmospheric data  /  integrated correction
卢逸阳, 杨莹辉, 许强, 字成岱, 陈强, 李鹏飞, 袁泉. InSAR大气延迟一体化校正及其对滑坡灾害识别影响研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (8) : 858 -866 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.468
Yiyang LU, Yinghui YANG, Qiang XU, Chengdai ZI, Qiang CHEN, Pengfei LI, Quan YUAN. The Integrated Correction of InSAR Atmospheric Delays and Its Impact on Landslide Disaster Identification[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (8) : 858 -866 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.468
InSAR技术具有全天时、全天候、测量精度高等优点,已发展成为滑坡早期识别的关键技术。但我国滑坡灾害频发的西南地区往往为高山峡谷地貌且云雾覆盖严重,使InSAR干涉数据中存在不可忽视的大气延迟误差相位,显著影响滑坡灾害的准确识别[1-3]。大气延迟主要是由于雷达2次成像时对流层的气压、温度和湿度的变化,导致雷达穿过时的延迟量不一致造成的[4-5],主要可分为3类:1)由大气湿度、气压引起的湿延迟;2)由复杂地形造成的静力学延迟;3)由异常气流引起的湍流大气延迟[6]。其中,湍流效应具有显著的时空高频特性,在干涉对数量相对充足的情况下,干涉相位的时空低通滤波可有效抑制湍流大气噪声。但相位滤波只能在一定程度上削弱第1、2类大气延迟噪声,从而影响解算InSAR形变的精度和滑坡隐患识别的准确度[7-8]。
削弱第1、2类InSAR大气延迟误差的主要方法有: 1)基于外部大气数据的辅助校正;2)基于经验统计建模的校正[9]。近年来,随着GACOS、WRF等高时空分辨率外部气象数据模型的陆续推出[10],基于外部气象数据的大气校正方法获得广泛推广,并成功应用于多个区域的形变提取与滑坡早期识别[11]。但外部大气数据的可靠性严重依赖于建模时使用的气象观测数据和大气模型,受限于气象卫星观测分辨率不高、山区地面气象台站相对稀疏、不同平台观测数据时间不一致以及气象环境本身的复杂性等因素,目前外部大气数据仍无法完全模拟InSAR大气延迟误差分量,并易出现部分InSAR干涉对大气校正效果良好,而其他干涉对校正失败的现象。
相对而言,基于经验统计建模的大气校正方法不依赖外部数据,其一般是依据大气延迟和地形之间的经验关系模型来估计和削弱InSAR大气噪声,且现已发展出不同类型的线性和非线性模型用于描述大气延迟误差与地形间的函数关系,并在地表InSAR形变监测和滑坡等灾害识别中得到一定程度的应用[12]。但需要注意的是,滑坡灾害频发的高陡山区往往气候环境复杂,特别是受河流、沟谷等因素影响,易出现局部水汽密度明显变化,导致大气延迟误差在空间上复杂多变,进而难以使用大范围全域统一的线性或非线性函数模型,实现广域范围内InSAR大气延迟误差的精确模拟与校正[13]。
在系统研究上述InSAR大气校正方法优缺点的基础上,本文提出一种一体化的InSAR大气延迟校正方法。该方法首先利用外部气象数据削弱InSAR干涉对的大气延迟噪声;然后构建全局大气-地形相关函数模型进一步模拟并移除空间长波分布大气延迟误差;最后对干涉图进行分块,并建立各分块自适应的大气-地形相关函数模型,实现区域大气误差的精确模拟与校正。选取大气延迟误差严重,且滑坡灾害密集发育的杂谷脑河流域为研究对象,使用Sentinel-1卫星合成孔径雷达影像开展大气校正、形变提取和滑坡识别的定量研究与分析,验证所提方法的可靠性与有效性。
研究区域如图 1所示,杂谷脑河横穿研究区并在汶川县城附近汇入岷江,沿杂谷脑河建有汶川至马尔康高速公路(简称汶马高速)。受构造动力和杂谷脑河持续侵蚀的影响,区域内地质条件复杂,特别是2008年MS8.0汶川地震严重影响了区域坡体的稳定性,造成杂谷脑河沿岸滑坡密集发育。
区域内典型大型滑坡包括桃坪乡古滑坡等,该坡体在汶川地震前已产生明显形变,坡体表面出现裂隙,汶川地震后裂隙进一步扩大,且受区域雨季降雨影响,坡体存在失稳的风险[14]。杂谷脑河与岷江交汇区域发育有布瓦村巨型滑坡,受河谷深切侵蚀的影响,坡体已出现严重的房屋裂缝和土体推移等现象[15]。2023年薛城滑坡造成汶马高速断道。因此,为确保当地居民生命财产安全,有必要对该区域地质灾害进行监测识别,并采取相应的预防措施。
本文选择2018-01—2023-01哨兵一号卫星(Sentinel-1)[16]覆盖研究区域的152景IW模式升轨SAR影像开展研究(表 1)。使用日本宇宙航空研究开发机构发布的全球30 m分辨率的AW3D30 DEM数据进行地形相位的模拟和移除[17],且DEM数据也被用于地形相关大气延迟分量的建模。此外,引入精密轨道数据开展卫星轨道误差校正,并选用GACOS外部大气数据开展InSAR干涉图的初步大气校正处理。
Stacking-InSAR技术通过堆叠多个不同时间基线的InSAR相位数据实现噪声的抑制与平均形变速率的解算。研究显示,通过相位叠加的年形变速率在精度上与通过InSAR时间序列分析获得的相当[18]。相对于时间序列分析方法,相位堆叠技术的最大优点是算法简单、高效,每个像素的独立处理也可有效避免误差的传递[19]。式(1)为Stacking-InSAR的数学模型:
$V_{\mathrm{mean}}=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^N \varphi_i \Delta T}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^N \Delta T^2}$
式中,Vmean为年平均相位速率; φi为InSAR解缠相位;ΔT为InSAR干涉对的时间跨度;N为所用干涉对的数量。
在常规Stacking-InSAR数据处理的基础上,本研究发展并引入了一体化的大气延迟校正方法,并在此基础上开展区域InSAR形变的提取(图 2),具体流程如下:1)由于四川西部高山峡谷地带的冬季影像相干性更好,选取其为公共主影像,并据此对其他收集的SAR影像进行配准处理;2)设置空间基线为200 m,时间基线阈值为120 d,需要注意的是,研究区域60 d时间基线内的干涉对能保持较好的相干性,但60~120 d时间基线的干涉对存在失相干问题,需剔除;3)利用GACOS大气数据对干涉对进行大气延迟噪声的粗校正;4)在GACOS大气误差校正的基础上,基于全局DEM与InSAR相位的相关性,估计全局一致性地形相关大气校正模型,实现区域长波长分布地形相关大气延迟校正(详见§2.2);5)对干涉图进行分块,估计每块局部最适应的地形相关大气延迟校正模型,实现大气延迟误差的精校正(详见§2.3)。
垂直分层大气延迟Δφtrop与高程h之间存在线性关系:
$\varphi_{\text {trop }}=k h+\varphi_i$
式中,k为相位延迟与高程间的比例因子;φi为常量。显然,当观测区域可靠InSAR观测数据超过2个时,即可实现模型参数的估计与全局大气误差的校正处理。该方法多被用于地形相关大气显著InSAR干涉对的大气误差校正。但在地形起伏剧烈的山区,该方法校正效果并不稳定,特别是在区域较大、地形起伏剧烈、地貌条件复杂的区域,受河流水系、高差变化和解缠误差等因素影响,大气易出现明显的空间非均匀性,此时,不同区域大气与地形的相关性并不一致,难以使用全局一致的地形相关大气误差模型实现区域大气误差的精确校正[20]。
大气的空间非均匀性导致较难估计全局一致的地形相关大气校正模型,但在局部小范围内,大气分布往往仍与地形存在较高的相关性。为此,将全局大范围区域进行切割分块,并对每个分块进行独立的全局最适应地形相关大气误差建模,有望实现大气误差的精确校正。
局部自适应大气延迟校正流程如下:1)首先对全局大气延迟校正后的InSAR干涉图进行分块,每块在方位向具有m个像素,在距离向有n个像素,且相邻子块包含20%的重叠区域;2)利用式(2)对每个子块开展局部自适应的地形相关大气误差校正模型估计,并完成子块内的大气误差校正;3)在相邻子块重叠区域相位一致性约束下[21],开展校正后相邻子块相位的拼接镶嵌,并利用相邻块重叠区域的相位差与平均相位值进行整体偏差补偿,以此来校正整体偏差,最终获得全域自适应大气校正InSAR相位数据。
具体而言,可首先选择500像素×500像素的块尺寸,相邻块之间重叠区域的大小选择为块尺寸的25%,若大气校正的定性效果与定量指标不佳(详见§3所述的对比与分析过程),可进一步减小分块尺寸,而当进一步减小分块尺寸并不能显著改善大气校正的定性效果和定量指标时,则其为区域最佳的分块尺寸。以本文示范区为例,最初选择500像素×500像素的块尺寸,而最终测试最佳尺寸为300像素×300像素,更小的尺寸并未进一步改善大气校正效果,反而会引入更大的计算量。上述大气精校正的InSAR数据集是开展Stacking-InSAR处理的重要数据源(图 2),为区域形变提取和滑坡识别提供了基础。
选择杂谷脑河区域153幅升轨Sentinel-1影像,设置空间基线200 m,时间基线120 d(图 3),进行干涉处理并筛选获得430个高质量InSAR干涉对。在此基础上,选择大气延迟误差显著的InSAR干涉对,并分别采用GACOS大气延迟校正、GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正和一体化大气延迟校正3种方法进行大气校正实验。
图 4为3种方法校正后的效果图,可以发现,原始数据(图 4(a))存在明显的大气延迟相位,并主要集中在河谷和区域1~3所示的范围内。图 4(b)显示,经过GACOS外部大气数据校正,可有效校正河谷区域的大气湿延迟分量,而相位的空间分布与地形的起伏具有高度的一致性,随地形起伏的山谷和山峰区域的静力学延迟虽然能得到改善,但是并没有得到明显校正,甚至在之前的实验中出现了大气延迟不减反增的现象。这可能是由于河谷与非河谷区域水汽含量存在差异,而GACOS是根据大气中水汽含量进行大气延迟估计,如果大气模型对河谷/非河谷区域水汽含量估计不准确,可能导致相关区域的大气校正效果不理想,甚至出现大气噪声增强的现象。
在此基础上,继续对InSAR相位数据开展全域地形相关大气校正处理。图 4(c)显示,区域1~3中的静力学延迟得到校正。而图 4(d)的结果则表明,局部自适应地形相关大气校正处理进一步精化了InSAR相位图,对局部的地形相关大气分量的抑制作用更明显。为定量对比不同大气校正方法的效果,引入相位-高程相关图(图 5)和相位直方图(图 6)进行讨论分析。
图 5(a)显示,原始InSAR干涉相位与高程存在极高的相关性,相关系数达0.79,经GACOS大气延迟校正后,相关系数降低至0.65(图 5(b)),进一步经全域地形相关大气延迟校正后,相关系数降低为0.61(图 5(c)),而局部自适应地形相关大气延迟校正则更进一步将相关系数减小至0.09(图 5(d)),表明随着不同大气校正方法的逐次开展,InSAR相位图与地形的相关性迅速降低,数据中的大气延迟分量迅速减少,更有利于地表形变的精确解算。
图 6表明,随着外部大气校正、全域地形相关大气校正和局部自适应地形相关大气校正的开展,InSAR相位标准差由原始的2.75逐渐降低至1.52,更小的相位标准差意味着更高的形变信噪比,也直观表明了大气延迟噪声逐渐衰减的过程,验证了本文一体化大气校正方法的有效性与可靠性。
为进一步论证3种大气延迟校正方法对滑坡灾害InSAR早期识别的影响,以滑坡灾害密集发育的杂谷脑河流域为例开展对比分析。SAR数据预处理策略和参数设置为:1)选取冬季SAR影像作为公共主影像开展影像配准工作,同时设定200 m空间基线阈值;2)考虑该区域发育有中小尺度滑坡,选择10 ∶2的多视因子;3)使用30 m地面分辨率的SRTM-DEM数据和POD精练轨道数据移除干涉图中的地形和轨道相位分量;4)选择72像素×72像素的Goldstein滤波窗口抑制干涉噪声;5)采用最小费用流法(MCF)对差分干涉图进行相位解缠处理。经过上述处理后,共获得1 241个InSAR干涉对,然后挑选出430个高质量干涉对,利用上述3种方法进行大气延迟校正,最后进行相位堆叠得到平均形变速率。
为定量评估有效校正的数量,设定高程与地形相关性绝对值小于0.3为有效校正(本文通过大量实验证明,当相位-高程相关系数的绝对值小于0.3时,无论是与地形相关的静力学延迟还是与水汽相关的湿延迟都能够得到明显的抑制)。从表 2看出,GACOS方法有效校正了232幅干涉图,占所有干涉图的54%;GACOS+全局一致性大气校正方法校正了283幅干涉图,占所有干涉图的66%;一体化大气延迟校正方法校正了318幅干涉图,占所有干涉图的74%。
为避免干涉失相干对时序InSAR形变提取的影响,剔除失相干严重的干涉对,最终共筛选出430个干涉对参与Stacking-InSAR形变解算。滑坡引起的形变往往具有特定的方向性,形变又是发现滑坡的重要手段和因子,在形变速率图中,负值表示其矢量方向远离卫星,意味着该像素点的区域为滑坡形变区域;正值表示其矢量方向指向卫星,意味着该像素点的区域为抬升区域。从图 7看出,GACOS大气延迟校正方法共识别出12处滑坡隐患点,需要注意的是,该方法较难发现小规模滑坡灾害;GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正共识别出21处滑坡隐患点,且沿杂谷脑河流域发现多处小规模滑坡灾害,但这些小规模滑坡体形变边界清晰度不高;一体化大气延迟校正方法共识别出28处滑坡隐患点(表 3),且中小滑坡体形变聚簇效果也较好,形变边界也更为清晰。同时,本文一体化大气延迟校正方法所得结果与已有研究[22-25]具有高度的一致性。
选取典型隐患滑坡(滑坡1~4)开展不同大气校正方法的效果分析。从图 8可发现,仅使用GACOS大气延迟校正形变结果对大型滑坡(滑坡1)较为敏感,但未能有效探测形变量级和规模较小的滑坡2~4。进一步开展全局一致性大气延迟校正后,滑坡1的形变量级与分布均出现显著变化,特别是显著形变边界出现明显变化。与此同时,全局一致性大气校正后成功提取到规模与形变量级较小的滑坡2~4的坡体形变信号,使识别出的滑坡数量显著增加。需要指出的是,GACOS+全局一致性大气校正虽然可以有效探测滑坡形变信息,但形变边界并不清晰,这种现象可能是由于对流层大气与局部水汽密度、气温分布等参数高度相关,导致其在广域范围内容易产生显著的空间波动。虽然这种波动与地形之间存在一定的相关性,但在不同区域可能表现出差异化的关联特征。这种区域性的差异使得基于全局统一的地形相关大气校正模型在局部区域仍不可避免地存在不可忽视的大气误差,从而影响形变提取的精确度。
此外,图 8也显示,一体化大气校正方法可进一步优化形变场,解算的InSAR形变分布更为聚簇,且显著形变边界与光学遥感和野外勘察确定的坡体不稳定区域有较好的空间一致性,验证了该方法提取InSAR形变与识别滑坡隐患的可靠性。实验结论也表明,GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正后,进一步开展局部自适应大气延迟校正可削弱干涉相位中的大气延迟分量,从而提高解算InSAR形变的精度并更有利于滑坡灾害的早期识别。
本文分析了大气噪声对提取InSAR形变及滑坡识别的影响,并提出了一体化InSAR大气延迟校正方法。以2018-01—2023-01杂谷脑河流域152景升轨Sentinel-1影像为数据源,分析比较了GACOS外部大气校正、GACOS+全局一致性大气延迟校正和一体化大气延迟校正方法的效果,得到以下结论:
1) 3种方法均对大气噪声有明显的校正效果,但GACOS外部大气数据侧重对大气湿延迟误差的校正,对高山峡谷区域存在的大气静力学延迟校正效果一般,甚至出现不减反增的现象,造成提取时序InSAR形变仅可识别较大规模与形变量级的滑坡隐患。
2) 在GACOS外部大气校正的基础上,进一步开展全局地形相关大气校正,可在一定程度上抑制区域大气静力学延迟分量,减少区域长波长分布大气噪声,该方法改善了InSAR形变的精度,有利于小规模滑坡灾害的识别,但其对局部异常大气延迟校正效果有限,不利于部分滑坡形变范围与边界的准确探测。
3) 在完成全局大气校正的基础上,进一步开展局部自适应地形相关大气校正,可实现区域大气误差的精化建模与校正,削弱InSAR大气噪声,改善InSAR形变的精度,并显著有利于中小规模滑坡灾害的形变提取与精准识别。
总体而言,本文发展了针对InSAR滑坡灾害识别的一体化大气延迟误差校正方法,可有效抑制InSAR大气延迟噪声,并在大范围滑坡隐患识别与单体滑坡形变提取中均获得成功应用,可为相关滑坡灾害研究与工程应用提供有价值的参考。但该方法主要适用于滑坡、局部沉降等小尺度灾害体的InSAR监测与识别,由于全局和局部地形相关大气校正过程中会同步估计区域整体偏移,其与区域大尺度构造形变呈现相似的空间分布规律,因此该方法并不适用于大尺度地壳构造形变的提取。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42474041)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42471485)
  • 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室科研课题(SKLGP2020K019)
  • 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室科研课题(SKLGP2021Z016)
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2025年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.468
  • 接收时间:2024-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-12
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42474041)
国家自然科学基金(42474041)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42471485)
国家自然科学基金(42471485)
Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(SKLGP2020K019)
地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室科研课题(SKLGP2020K019)
Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(SKLGP2021Z016)
地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室科研课题(SKLGP2021Z016)
作者信息
    1 成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室,成都市东三路1号,610059
    2 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都市犀安路999号,611756
    3 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵阳市兴黔路16号,550081
    4 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司,成都市武侯祠横街1号,610041

通讯作者:

杨莹辉,博士,教授,主要研究方向为InSAR地震地质灾害监测与反演,E-mail:

YANG Yinghui, PhD, professor, majors in monitoring and inversion of seismic and geological disasters using InSAR, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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