Article(id=1281933758186099197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.317, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1758038400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783566425127, onlineDateStr=2026-07-09, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783566425127, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783566425127, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783566425127, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281909275651969257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='662', pageEnd='789', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783560588038, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783566454347, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=710, endPage=717, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281933758592946686, articleId=1281933758186099197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Prediction on Far-Field Triggering Earthquakes in Northeast China Induced by Japanese Strong Earthquakes Based on Deep Learning, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Far-field earthquake triggering mechanisms represent a critical frontier in earthquake prediction research. To explore the spatiotemporal relationship between strong seismic activity in Japan and moderate-to-strong earthquakes in northeast China, this study develops a data-driven prediction model. Based on the USGS earthquake catalog from 1980 to 2024, and using M≥6.0 earthquakes in Japan as potential triggers, the model predicts the probability of earthquakes with M≥4 occurring in northeast China within the next 60 days. A daily-resolution time series dataset is constructed, incorporating 32-dimensional features covering earthquake statistics, spatial distribution, energy release, and aftershock sequences. Deep learning models including long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, attention mechanism-enhanced LSTM (Attention-LSTM), and Transformer are systematically compared against traditional machine learning methods such as logistic regression and random forest. Results indicate that the Attention-LSTM model performs optimally, achieving an F1 score of 0.915 and an AUC value of 0.661, and shows significant advantages in Molchan error diagram analysis, a method specific to earthquake prediction evaluation. The model enables both binary classification prediction and generation of spatial probability distribution maps at 1°×1° grid resolution. This study demonstrates the potential of deep learning for revealing cross-regional far-field earthquake triggering mechanisms and provides new insights for short-to-medium-term regional seismic hazard assessment.
, authors=Feng GAO
1, Mei LI
2, authorsList=Feng GAO, Mei LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281933761742869003, articleId=1281933758186099197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于深度学习的日本强震远场触发中国东北地震预测, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
远场地震触发机制是地震预测研究的重要前沿方向。为探究日本强震活动与中国东北地区中强地震的时空关联, 本文构建了一种数据驱动的预测模型。基于1980-2024年USGS地震目录, 以日本M≥6.0地震为潜在触发源, 预测未来60 d内中国东北地区发生M≥4地震的概率。构建一个涵盖地震统计、空间分布、能量释放及余震序列等32维特征的日分辨率时间序列数据集, 系统对比长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)、注意力机制增强LSTM(Attention-LSTM)、Transformer等深度学习模型与逻辑回归(logistic regression, LR)、随机森林(random forest, RF)等传统机器学习方法。结果显示, Attention-LSTM模型表现最优, F1分数达0.915, AUC值为0.661, 在地震预测专用的Molchan误差图分析中亦展现显著优势。该模型不仅可实现二元分类预测, 还可生成1°×1°网格分辨率的空间概率分布图。研究验证了深度学习在揭示跨区域地震远场触发机制中的潜力, 可为中短期区域地震危险性评估提供新思路。
, authors=高峰
1, 李美
2, authorsList=高峰, 李美, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UjILNi8G4mR2nP6TzgJnhw==, magXml=pFCoHrJ+cK/Ykl21ZWGCQg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=jJoE6Z9Gl94cWTYYA9HyIw==, pdfFileSize=2103175, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=zf3ptogjyZSHVS1ec4EEfQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ic3NmxmyjI/ODIveoyfu7g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1281933762237796883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1.92@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933762321682965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, authorId=1281933762237796883, language=EN, stringName=Feng GAO, firstName=Feng, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1, address=1 黑龙江省地震局, 哈尔滨, 150090, bio={"content":"
高峰, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为地震学和地电地磁, E-mail: 1.92@163.com
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高峰, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为地震学和地电地磁, E-mail: 1.92@163.com
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2, address=2 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933762841776667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, authorId=1281933762573341208, language=CN, stringName=李美, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=2 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933762162299407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933762174882320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, companyId=1281933762162299407, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933762183270929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, companyId=1281933762162299407, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1281933762946634268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=deep learning), Keyword(id=1281933763009548829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=attention-based long short-term memory network (Attention-LSTM)), Keyword(id=1281933763068269086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=far-field earthquake triggering), Keyword(id=1281933763164738079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=spatiotemporal earthquake forecasting), Keyword(id=1281933763294761504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=深度学习), Keyword(id=1281933763395424801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=注意力机制长短期记忆网络), Keyword(id=1281933763454145058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=远场地震触发), Keyword(id=1281933763609334307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=地震时空预测)], refs=[Reference(id=1281933780973752885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Scholz C H, journalName=The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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Molchan error diagram for the Attention-LSTM model, figureFileSmall=u+YbrCQT3KJDGH1XMqV0nQ==, figureFileBig=WlR1KAYBNk60TvHT6GARxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933770492187175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
Attention-LSTM模型的Molchan错误图, figureFileSmall=u+YbrCQT3KJDGH1XMqV0nQ==, figureFileBig=WlR1KAYBNk60TvHT6GARxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933770890646056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Spatial distribution of earthquake occurrence probability in northeast China for the next 60 days predicted by the Attention-LSTM model, figureFileSmall=wGexyplAfpFWWJuvbCTi+A==, figureFileBig=a5Hiv6iYOzQAnCtL9znvRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933771301687849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
Attention-LSTM模型预测的中国东北地区未来60 d地震发生概率空间分布, figureFileSmall=wGexyplAfpFWWJuvbCTi+A==, figureFileBig=a5Hiv6iYOzQAnCtL9znvRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933771771449898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Feature importance ranking for the Attention-LSTM model based on SHAP values, figureFileSmall=WxrYAN2ujOksSD/AQAxnGg==, figureFileBig=Qs0UsS1NL8ZmPlrdx0f2Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933772132160043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
基于SHAP值的Attention-LSTM模型特征重要性排序, figureFileSmall=WxrYAN2ujOksSD/AQAxnGg==, figureFileBig=Qs0UsS1NL8ZmPlrdx0f2Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933772509647404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Comprehensive classification evaluation of the Attention-LSTM model, figureFileSmall=ECjDbI9hn7jeoV3znkUKUQ==, figureFileBig=6x5CpQzvoaXKef4bZxmvaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933772635476525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
Attention-LSTM模型的综合分类评估, figureFileSmall=ECjDbI9hn7jeoV3znkUKUQ==, figureFileBig=6x5CpQzvoaXKef4bZxmvaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933774917177902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Attention weight distribution of the Attention-LSTM model on the input time series, figureFileSmall=Eh+DlSRs3Y+nxfUQs+bjFw==, figureFileBig=Gx6jxbVXeASrhZIjYy8ZOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933775370162735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
Attention-LSTM模型在输入时间序列上的注意力权重分布, figureFileSmall=Eh+DlSRs3Y+nxfUQs+bjFw==, figureFileBig=Gx6jxbVXeASrhZIjYy8ZOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933776221606448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=
Performance comparison of different models on major classification metrics
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型名称 | 准确率 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | AUC | MEA |
| LSTM | 0.850 | 0.863 | 0.977 | 0.916 | 0.690 | 0.470 |
| Attention-LSTM | 0.846 | 0.859 | 0.977 | 0.915 | 0.661 | 0.474 |
| Transformer | 0.842 | 0.884 | 0.936 | 0.909 | 0.741 | 0.462 |
| LR | 0.819 | 0.839 | 0.973 | 0.901 | 0.467 | 0.504 |
| RF | 0.777 | 0.843 | 0.904 | 0.872 | 0.560 | 0.490 |
), ArticleFig(id=1281933776372601393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同模型在主要分类指标上的性能对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型名称 | 准确率 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1分数 | AUC | MEA |
| LSTM | 0.850 | 0.863 | 0.977 | 0.916 | 0.690 | 0.470 |
| Attention-LSTM | 0.846 | 0.859 | 0.977 | 0.915 | 0.661 | 0.474 |
| Transformer | 0.842 | 0.884 | 0.936 | 0.909 | 0.741 | 0.462 |
| LR | 0.819 | 0.839 | 0.973 | 0.901 | 0.467 | 0.504 |
| RF | 0.777 | 0.843 | 0.904 | 0.872 | 0.560 | 0.490 |
), ArticleFig(id=1281933776586510898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=
Performance comparison of different models in spatial prediction tasks
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型名称 | 空间命中率 | 模型特点 |
| LSTM_Spatial | 0.357 | 基础LSTM空间建模 |
| Attention_Spatial | 0.545 | 注意力增强空间预测 |
| Transformer_Spatial | 0.403 | 全局依赖捕捉能力 |
), ArticleFig(id=1281933777698001459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933758186099197, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同模型在空间预测任务中的性能对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型名称 | 空间命中率 | 模型特点 |
| LSTM_Spatial | 0.357 | 基础LSTM空间建模 |
| Attention_Spatial | 0.545 | 注意力增强空间预测 |
| Transformer_Spatial | 0.403 | 全局依赖捕捉能力 |
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