Article(id=1281933726632358241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.334, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760112000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783566417606, onlineDateStr=2026-07-09, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783566417606, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783566417606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783566417606, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281909275651969257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='662', pageEnd='789', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783560588038, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783566454347, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=758, endPage=764, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281933726842073442, articleId=1281933726632358241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Spaceborne GNSS-R Flood Dynamics Monitoring Based on POBI Interpolation Rate Variation: Taking the Major Flood Disaster in Guilin in 2024 as an Example, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of reduced accuracy and misidentification of single water bodies caused by interpolation in large-scale flood inundation mapping using spaceborne GNSS-R technology, this paper proposes a dynamic monitoring method based on the reflectivity change rate using period-matched observation-based interpolation (POBI). Utilizing CYGNSS reflectivity data during the rainy seasons from 2019 to 2023 and China's 1 km resolution monthly precipitation products, we constructed a POBI spatial interpolation model. By combining this with the bistatic radar equation to retrieve surface reflectivity, we systematically analyzed the flood evolution process during the extreme rainfall event in Guilin in June 2024. The results show that, for reflectivity interpolation in unsampled areas, the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by an average of 20.98% compared to the natural neighbor method. The inundation identification mechanism based on the change rate effectively avoids the subjectivity of traditional threshold methods. The monitoring results indicate that the inundated area in the central urban district expanded by 48.68% from June 19 to June 12, with spatial evolution highly consistent with changes in SMAP soil moisture. This study provides reliable methodological support for refined flood monitoring in highly dynamic, low-coverage areas using spaceborne GNSS-R.

, authors=Lilong LIU1, Hongwei ZHANG1, Fade CHEN1, *, Taotao YUAN1, authorsList=Lilong LIU, Hongwei ZHANG, Fade CHEN, Taotao YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fade CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281933730482729334, articleId=1281933726632358241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于POBI插值变化率的星载GNSS-R洪水动态监测——以桂林市2024年重大洪涝灾害为例, columnId=1281933726917570915, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目:地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对星载GNSS-R技术在大尺度洪水淹没范围图中引入插值导致准确性降低和单一水体误判的问题, 本文提出一种基于历史同期观测插值(POBI)反射率变化率的动态监测方法。利用2019-2023年雨季CYGNSS反射率数据与中国1 km分辨率月降雨量产品, 构建POBI空间插值模型, 并结合双基雷达公式反演地表反射率, 系统分析桂林市2024-06极端降雨事件中的洪水演进过程。结果表明, 在未采样区域的反射率插值中, RMSE较自然邻近法平均降低20.98%;基于变化率的淹没识别机制有效规避了传统阈值法的主观性, 监测结果显示, 市中心城区在06-19的淹没面积较06-12扩大48.68%, 空间演变与SMAP土壤湿度变化高度一致。该研究为星载GNSS-R在高动态、低覆盖率区域的洪水精细化监测提供了可靠的方法支撑。

, authors=刘立龙1, 张宏伟1, 陈发德1, *, 原涛涛1, authorsList=刘立龙, 张宏伟, 陈发德, 原涛涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈发德, authorNote=

刘立龙, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事GNSS技术及应用研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈发德, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事星载GNSS-R技术及应用研究, E-mail:
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桂林市界线来源于审图号GS(2024)0650号标准地图,无修改。文中其他图件同此

, figureFileSmall=ht1mo1JvegNkYiYwVax5Fg==, figureFileBig=HhsURIiVmML5CvvCjzpLYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933739362070936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Monthly precipitation variations in Guilin from 2019 to 2023, figureFileSmall=3eRWc84Z6eSdKzp8z0FB/A==, figureFileBig=GHJtHw9KfNfh9SBKnXKcFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933739852804505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2019—2023年桂林市月降雨量变化, figureFileSmall=3eRWc84Z6eSdKzp8z0FB/A==, figureFileBig=GHJtHw9KfNfh9SBKnXKcFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933740356120986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of different model errors, figureFileSmall=s691unI8yaquBFpiLGwaxg==, figureFileBig=FeZ/XZbTCESUvcHJ+kdxEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933741132067227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同模型误差对比, figureFileSmall=s691unI8yaquBFpiLGwaxg==, figureFileBig=FeZ/XZbTCESUvcHJ+kdxEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933742327443869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of interpolation effects among different interpolation methods, figureFileSmall=Zx3qpcbgKSKW9C83mPAeSw==, figureFileBig=lvVQd+JAa+b3AytU2fJz2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933742742679966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同插值方法差值效果对比, figureFileSmall=Zx3qpcbgKSKW9C83mPAeSw==, figureFileBig=lvVQd+JAa+b3AytU2fJz2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933743157916063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Changes in the growth rate of high-reflectivity grids in Guilin, figureFileSmall=4ithLOPTp6STfiAEou+bXQ==, figureFileBig=tTXsVS3rII2Awd4vZVP6xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933743988388256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=CN, label=图5, caption=桂林市高反射率网格增长率变化, figureFileSmall=4ithLOPTp6STfiAEou+bXQ==, figureFileBig=tTXsVS3rII2Awd4vZVP6xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933744135188897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Interpolated results of reflectance in Guilin from June 9 to 22, 2024, figureFileSmall=WobCt4qtIclg0h9Nvci6Zw==, figureFileBig=TqAkNjESDKpXspZ8Fz0z2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933744864997794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=CN, label=图6, caption=桂林市反射率插值结果(2024-06-09—22), figureFileSmall=WobCt4qtIclg0h9Nvci6Zw==, figureFileBig=TqAkNjESDKpXspZ8Fz0z2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933745443811748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Changes in flood inundation in Guilin from June 9 to 22, 2024, figureFileSmall=DcSxBmd5RfggoRnSJCaO8w==, figureFileBig=cttf/sPpbaaZ3p/r5W+VzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933747377385893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=CN, label=图7, caption=桂林市洪水淹没变化(2024-06-09—22), figureFileSmall=DcSxBmd5RfggoRnSJCaO8w==, figureFileBig=cttf/sPpbaaZ3p/r5W+VzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933747478049190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933726632358241, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Changes in flood inundation in Guilin before and after the June 2024 heavy rainfall, 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基于POBI插值变化率的星载GNSS-R洪水动态监测——以桂林市2024年重大洪涝灾害为例
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刘立龙 1 , 张宏伟 1 , 陈发德 1, * , 原涛涛 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目:地震大地测量学 2026,46(6): 758-764
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目:地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (6) : 758 -764
基于POBI插值变化率的星载GNSS-R洪水动态监测——以桂林市2024年重大洪涝灾害为例
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刘立龙1 , 张宏伟1, 陈发德1, * , 原涛涛1
作者信息
  • 1 桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院, 桂林, 541006
通讯作者:
陈发德, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事星载GNSS-R技术及应用研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘立龙, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事GNSS技术及应用研究, E-mail:

Spaceborne GNSS-R Flood Dynamics Monitoring Based on POBI Interpolation Rate Variation: Taking the Major Flood Disaster in Guilin in 2024 as an Example
Lilong LIU1 , Hongwei ZHANG1, Fade CHEN1, * , Taotao YUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.334
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针对星载GNSS-R技术在大尺度洪水淹没范围图中引入插值导致准确性降低和单一水体误判的问题, 本文提出一种基于历史同期观测插值(POBI)反射率变化率的动态监测方法。利用2019-2023年雨季CYGNSS反射率数据与中国1 km分辨率月降雨量产品, 构建POBI空间插值模型, 并结合双基雷达公式反演地表反射率, 系统分析桂林市2024-06极端降雨事件中的洪水演进过程。结果表明, 在未采样区域的反射率插值中, RMSE较自然邻近法平均降低20.98%;基于变化率的淹没识别机制有效规避了传统阈值法的主观性, 监测结果显示, 市中心城区在06-19的淹没面积较06-12扩大48.68%, 空间演变与SMAP土壤湿度变化高度一致。该研究为星载GNSS-R在高动态、低覆盖率区域的洪水精细化监测提供了可靠的方法支撑。

星载GNSS-R  /  CYGNSS  /  洪水监测  /  POBI

To address the issues of reduced accuracy and misidentification of single water bodies caused by interpolation in large-scale flood inundation mapping using spaceborne GNSS-R technology, this paper proposes a dynamic monitoring method based on the reflectivity change rate using period-matched observation-based interpolation (POBI). Utilizing CYGNSS reflectivity data during the rainy seasons from 2019 to 2023 and China's 1 km resolution monthly precipitation products, we constructed a POBI spatial interpolation model. By combining this with the bistatic radar equation to retrieve surface reflectivity, we systematically analyzed the flood evolution process during the extreme rainfall event in Guilin in June 2024. The results show that, for reflectivity interpolation in unsampled areas, the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by an average of 20.98% compared to the natural neighbor method. The inundation identification mechanism based on the change rate effectively avoids the subjectivity of traditional threshold methods. The monitoring results indicate that the inundated area in the central urban district expanded by 48.68% from June 19 to June 12, with spatial evolution highly consistent with changes in SMAP soil moisture. This study provides reliable methodological support for refined flood monitoring in highly dynamic, low-coverage areas using spaceborne GNSS-R.

spaceborne GNSS-R  /  CYGNSS  /  flood monitoring  /  POBI
刘立龙, 张宏伟, 陈发德, 原涛涛. 基于POBI插值变化率的星载GNSS-R洪水动态监测——以桂林市2024年重大洪涝灾害为例. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (6) : 758 -764 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.334
Lilong LIU, Hongwei ZHANG, Fade CHEN, Taotao YUAN. Spaceborne GNSS-R Flood Dynamics Monitoring Based on POBI Interpolation Rate Variation: Taking the Major Flood Disaster in Guilin in 2024 as an Example[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (6) : 758 -764 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.334
面对全球气候变化引起的洪涝灾害频发,高时空分辨率的水体动态遥测技术成为防灾减灾的关键[1],星载GNSS-R(GNSS-reflectometry)技术以前向散射后的信号来进行遥感探测,可大范围反演地表参数[2-3],具有全天候、低成本等优势[4],已成为洪涝灾害监测的有效手段。尤其是NASA发射的旋风全球导航卫星系统(cyclone GNSS,CYGNSS),以其高时间分辨率与对地表湿度敏感的特性,被广泛用于洪水识别与淹没制图[5-9]。然而,现有方法在绘制洪水淹没图时存在2方面瓶颈:一是受卫星采样轨道限制,空间覆盖率不足导致插值误差累积;二是通过固定反射率阈值的传统分类方法难以适应复杂地表条件下的散射响应差异[10-14]。地表介电物理模型为淹没识别提供了一种不依赖固定阈值的方法,但在特定地表条件下仍需进一步优化[15]。POBI(prior observation based interpolation)作为一种基于历史观测行为的空间插值方法,可有效利用历年雨季CYGNSS数据构建区域反射率背景场,提升插值物理合理性[16]。本文在此基础上,引入反射率变化率作为淹没识别指标,以桂林市2024-06重大洪涝灾害为案例,构建一套融合POBI插值与变化检测的星载GNSS-R洪水动态监测体系,旨在提升小范围、多雨区洪涝过程的识别精度与时效性。
桂林市位于广西东北部(24°18′~26°21′N,109°36′~111°29′E),属亚热带季风气候,年均降水量约1 900 mm,喀斯特地貌发育典型,地表-地下双排水结构复杂,强降雨条件下易发生快速汇流与城市内涝。2024-06-12—19受持续强降雨影响,漓江流域出现超历史水位洪水,部分站点水位突破1998年极值,形成典型洪涝灾害。
本研究实验数据主要包含3类:1)CYGNSS卫星V2.1 L1反射率数据,提取镜面点经纬度、收发距离及DDM模拟功率等特征参数;2)SMAP L3辐射计9 km日土壤湿度产品(V9版),基于L波段土壤湿度进行2~3 d周期监测;3)中国1 km分辨率逐月降水量数据集,提取桂林市2019—2023年月降雨量以确定每年雨季月份,并据此筛选CYGNSS反射率雨季数据。
数据预处理阶段剔除入射角大于65°、信噪比(SNR)小于2 dB、天线增益小于5 dB的低质量观测数据,以抑制地表非相干散射与系统误差影响[17]。为确保预处理后CYGNSS反射率与SMAP土壤湿度在时空分布上的一致性,采用基于经纬度邻近搜索的方法将CYGNSS观测数据与SMAP网格数据进行匹配。提取SMAP各网格中心经纬度,计算CYGNSS观测点与其偏差,并筛选落入SMAP 9 km2网格范围内的观测点完成匹配。由图 1可知,桂林市CYGNSS反射率数据经质量控制后有效观测点减少,局部区域存在明显的空缺。为提升空间覆盖率,需对反射率数据进行插值补全。
目前星载GNSS-R研究基于相干散射假设,而洪水导致地表散射由非相干转为相干[18-19]。因此,利用双基雷达公式计算反射率:
$P_{\mathrm{RL}}^{\mathrm{coh}}=\frac{P_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{t}} G^{\mathrm{t}}}{4 \pi\left(R_{\mathrm{ts}}+R_{\mathrm{sr}}\right)^2} \frac{G^{\mathrm{r}} \lambda^2}{4 \pi} \mathit{\Gamma}_{R L}$
式中,Prt为信号的发射功率;Gt为发射天线的增益;Gr为接收天线的增益;Rts为镜面反射点与GPS发射机之间的距离;Rsr为镜面反射点与接收机之间的距离;λ为波长;ΓRL为地表反射率(surface-reflectivity,SR)。PRLcoh可用ddm_snr(DDM信噪比)或者power_analog(DDM模拟功率)的峰值来代替[20],本文通过提取CYGNSS卫星变量文件中power_analog的峰值来计算地表反射率,将式(1)转换成dB:
$\begin{gathered}\mathrm{SR}[\mathrm{~dB}]=10 \lg P_{\mathrm{RL}}^{\mathrm{coh}}-10 \lg P_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{t}} G^{\mathrm{t}} G^{\mathrm{r}} \lambda^2+ \\20 \lg \left(R_{\mathrm{ts}}+R_{\mathrm{sr}}\right)+20 \lg (4 \pi)\end{gathered}$
由于DDM受入射角影响,需进行入射角修正:
$\mathrm{SR}_{\text {修正后 }}=\mathrm{SR}_{\text {修正前 }}-10 \lg \left(\cos ^n \theta\right)$
式中,θ为入射角;n为校正参数,通常设置为1[21]
POBI空间插值方法通过历史同期观测数据构建线性回归模型,实现缺失数据的动态插值,解决地表反射率数据覆盖率低的问题。计算公式如下:
$\mathit{\Gamma}_{\text {interpolated }}=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n w_i\left(a_i \mathit{\Gamma}_i+b_i\right)}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n w_i}$
式中,Γinterpolated为插值中心网格反射率;Γi为中心网格搜索半径内相邻网格反射率;aibi分别为相邻网格和插值中心网格之间历史同期观测数据的最佳线性拟合的斜率和截距;wi=ri2为基于相关系数的特定网格权重;n为待定插值网格周围搜索半径内的网格数量。
为克服固定阈值的限制, 提出反射率相对变化指标:
$\mathit{\Delta}_{\mathit{\Gamma}}=\frac{\mathit{\Gamma}_{\text {current }}-\mathit{\Gamma}_{\text {base }}}{\left|\mathit{\Gamma}_{\text {base }}\right|} \times 100 \%$
式中,Γcurrent为每个网格的雨季当日反射率;Γbase为相同网格2019—2023年桂林市6月雨季反射率均值。Γbase反射率本身是负值,为确保ΔΓ能够正确反映反射率增大或减小的情况,应使分母Γbase反射率的大小不受其符号的影响。选择2019—2023年桂林市6月雨季相同网格反射率均值作为Γbase,由于每年6月恰逢雨季,该时期反射率数据可作为桂林市正常雨季反射率,通过反射率相对变化ΔΓ判定强降雨天气导致反射率波动是否超出正常雨季范围。设定ΔΓ>3%为淹没判定阈值,该阈值通过统计研究区降雨期反射率波动特征确定,具备区域适应性与统计显著性。不同地域、不同地表覆盖类型的复杂性导致判定阈值不固定。
结合中国1 km分辨率逐月降水数据集筛选2019—2023年CYGNSS观测数据雨季时段进行模型训练(图 2)。通常降水量在雨季显著增加,而降雨量与土壤湿度息息相关, 土壤湿度与反射率是线性相关[22-23]。通过聚焦雨季时段,有效捕捉反射率与洪水之间的密切关系,从而提高模型准确性与可靠性。
通过动态优化网格搜索半径降低插值误差[24],如图 3所示,5网格模型RMSE极差为0.72 dB,误差最小且稳定。与其他传统插值方法相比,自然邻近插值(Natural)优于线性插值(Linear)、三次多项式插值(Cubic)、最邻近插值(Nearest),但POBI插值相较于自然邻近插值其RMSE平均降低20.98%(单日最高降幅36.43%),MAE平均降低23.43%(单日最高降幅36.87%),这表明POBI插值具有更优性能。由图 4可见,自然邻近插值法在研究区东北部及东部轨道盲区反射率插值效果过渡生硬,局部色彩单一。相比之下,POBI插值法在处理轨道盲区时,插值效果过渡更为连续、自然,能够较好地恢复因卫星轨道盲区而缺失的数据。
在强降雨过程中,桂林市高反射率网格数量(反射率大于-19 dB)增长率与降雨变化密切相关[18](图 5),高反射率网格数量较12日(第1天)总体呈上升趋势,于17日随强降雨出现增长,至19日累积增幅达17.54%,此后转为下降,表明强降雨结束。空间分布如图 6所示,中部城区及桂南3县因降雨南移,高反射率网格数量显著升高,成为强降雨核心区;19日中部城区(图 6红框区域)高反射率网格数量较12日增长37.50%。而桂南3县(图 6黑框区域)高反射率网格数量在降雨前期变化较小,17日高反射率网格数据出现增长,增长率为8.33%。19日受低压南移影响,高反射率网格数量较17日增长15.38%,20日之后全市反射率回落,降雨过程趋于结束。
统计2024-06-12—22降雨期间逐日反射率变化率发现,处于0~3%区间的网格变化率均值为1.38%,该区间的网格数量在19日发生最大增长率3.31%,没有出现异常剧烈变化,而在大于3%区间网格变化率均值为7.84%,该区间网格数量在06-18单日增幅达10.16%,据此将变化率超过3%的区域判定为淹没区。淹没检测结果如图 7所示,15日桂南3县(红框区域)淹没面积较12日新增22.92%;灵川县东南部(绿框区域)新增淹没地区,随着强降雨南移,此区域淹没逐渐面积减少。17日全州中部(黄框区域)新增淹没地区,19日桂林市中心城区(紫框区域)淹没范围达到峰值,较12日增长48.68%,桂南3县较12日增长36.11%。22日全州中部、灵川县东南部淹没面积开始逐渐减少,表明降雨结束。图 8展示了降雨前(2024-06-01)、降雨峰期(2024-06-19)及降雨后(2024-07-01)桂林市淹没情况。可以看出,淹没范围在洪水前后变化明显,地表已基本恢复至降雨前状态。
本文结合土壤湿度与CYGNSS反射率高度关联性[22-23],利用土壤湿度数据进行洪水监测,并与CYGNSS监测结果进行对比。由于SMAP卫星采样周期限制,研究区采样轨道单日土壤湿度数据点较少,通过融合SMAP同日土壤湿度产品升轨(AM)与降轨(PM)土壤湿度数据,有效提升研究区域的数据覆盖率,降低单轨数据局限性。图 9为降雨前后土壤湿度的时空变化。降雨前(2024-06-09),桂林市区(红框区域)土壤湿度均值为0.25 cm3/cm3。强降雨期间(2024-06-12—19),桂林市区土壤湿度均值由0.24 cm3/cm3增长到0.41 cm3/cm3,增幅达68.23%,该变化趋势与同期CYGNSS监测到的淹没范围变化高度吻合。降雨结束后(2024-06-22),桂林市区湿度回落至0.23 cm3/cm3,降幅43.22%,进一步印证反射率变化对地表水文状态的敏感响应。
本文创新性地提出了一种基于POBI插值变化率的洪水动态监测评估方法。该方法利用2019—2023年雨季期间积累的观测数据,构建了POBI空间插值模型,有效解决了因CYGNSS卫星轨道覆盖局限而引发的地表反射率传统插值偏差难题。以2024年桂林市“6·19”特大洪灾为实证案例,本方法成功实现了日尺度下洪水淹没范围的快速精准制图。研究结果显示,桂林市中心城区的洪水淹没范围在19日达到峰值,相较于12日,其面积增长48.68%。而到了20日,随着降雨的停止,淹没面积开始逐渐缩减。这一淹没趋势与SMAP土壤湿度的变化趋势呈现出高度的一致性。进一步对比发现,POBI插值法相较于自然邻近插值法,在反射率预测误差上平均降低20.98%,单日最高降幅更是达到36.43%。本方法成功突破了卫星采样轨道限制以及由此导致的空间覆盖率不足、插值误差累积等瓶颈,显著提升了小范围、多雨区域洪涝过程的识别精度与响应时效性。展望未来,若能进一步深入探究地表地形、植被等多重因素对地表反射率数值的复杂影响,将有望进一步提升POBI插值的精确度,优化CYGNSS观测数据的质量,进而实现更高分辨率、更高精度的地表参数提取。
  • 广西科技基地与人才专项(桂科AD25069064)
  • 广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFDA010041)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42504052)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.334
  • 接收时间:2025-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-07-09
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-11
基金
广西科技基地与人才专项(桂科AD25069064)
广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFDA010041)
国家自然科学基金(42504052)
作者信息
    1 桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院, 桂林, 541006

通讯作者:

陈发德, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事星载GNSS-R技术及应用研究, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.334
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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