Article(id=1281933708848509135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.311, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757433600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783566413365, onlineDateStr=2026-07-09, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783566413365, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783566413365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783566413365, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281909275651969257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='662', pageEnd='789', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783560588038, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783566454347, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=728, endPage=736, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281933709037252816, articleId=1281933708848509135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Simulation of the Quantitative Relationship between Geometric Parameters of Strike-Slip Parallel Composite Fault Sources and Image Characteristics of Gravity Variations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under an elastic Earth model, clear analytical solutions exist for surface gravity changes induced by a single strike-slip fault. However, the quantitative relationship between multiple fault zones and their geometric parameters with the resulting surface gravity change patterns remains unclear. Based on dislocation theory in an elastic half-space, this paper systematically investigates the quantitative connection between the geometric parameters of parallel strike-slip dislocation sources and the characteristics of the surface gravity change patterns through numerical simulations. Using the control variable method, we separately analyze the influence of fault length (L), width (W), slip amount (K), number of faults (N), dip angle (δ), and top depth (dep) on the four-quadrant distribution pattern and amplitude of the gravity anomaly. The results show that: 1) Fault length L is linearly positively correlated with the distance between gravity extremal points along the fault strike (X-direction). 2) Increasing fault width W elevates the gravity anomaly amplitude, but the growth trend diminishes, without altering the four-quadrant structure. 3) The strike-slip width K is linearly positively correlated with the distance between gravity extremal points along the Y-direction, but negatively correlated with the gravity anomaly amplitude. 4) An increase in the number of strike-slip faults N leads to a linear increase in the gravity change amplitude. 5) Variations in the dip angle δ affect the symmetry of the gravity change pattern. 6) An increase in the top depth dep causes a significant increase in the distance between extremal points in the Y-direction. 7) The fault center position (sx, sy) coincides with the four-quadrant symmetric center of the gravity change pattern, and the line connecting a pair of extremal points in the X-direction aligns with the fault strike angle α. In summary, the main geometric parameters of multiple dislocation sources can be determined based on observed gravity change patterns.

, authors=Wen JIN1, 2, Chongyang SHEN2, *, Hongbo TAN2, Jiapei WANG2, Wenxuan SHI2, Qingqing TAN3, Qiyun YAN1, authorsList=Wen JIN, Chongyang SHEN, Hongbo TAN, Jiapei WANG, Wenxuan SHI, Qingqing TAN, Qiyun YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chongyang SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281933713231556846, articleId=1281933708848509135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=走滑型平行组合断层源几何参数与重力变化图像特征定量关系的模拟研究, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在弹性地球下,单条走滑断层产生的地表重力变化已有清晰的解析解,但多条断裂带及其几何参数与地表重力变化图像之间的定量关系目前尚不明确。本文基于弹性半无限空间中的位错理论,通过模拟计算,系统研究走滑型平行组合位错源的几何参数与地表重力变化图像特征之间的定量关系。通过控制变量法,分别分析断层长度(L)、宽度(W)、走滑宽度(K)、断层条数(N)、倾角(δ)及顶深(dep)等参数对重力异常四象限分布形态与幅值的影响。结果表明:1)断层长度L与沿断层走向(X方向)的重力极值点间距呈线性正相关;2)断层宽度W增加会提高重力异常幅值,但增长趋势呈递减的特征,且不改变四象限结构;3)走滑宽度KY方向的重力极值点间距呈线性正相关,而与重力异常幅值呈负相关;4)走滑断层个数N增加使重力变化幅值线性增长;5)倾角δ变化影响重力变化图像的对称性;6)顶深dep增加导致Y方向极值点间距显著增大;7)断层中心位置(sxsy)与重力变化图像的四象限对称中心一致,X方向一对极值点连线方向与断层走向α一致。综上,可根据观测的重力变化图像确定多位错源的主要几何参数。

, authors=金雯1, 2, 申重阳2, *, 谈洪波2, 王嘉沛2, 石文轩2, 谭青青3, 晏绮云1, authorsList=金雯, 申重阳, 谈洪波, 王嘉沛, 石文轩, 谭青青, 晏绮云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=申重阳, authorNote=

金雯, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为重力数据观测, E-mail:

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申重阳, 研究员, 主要研究方向为地球重力与地壳运动观测, E-mail:
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走滑型平行组合断层源几何参数与重力变化图像特征定量关系的模拟研究
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金雯 1, 2 , 申重阳 2, * , 谈洪波 2 , 王嘉沛 2 , 石文轩 2 , 谭青青 3 , 晏绮云 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(6): 728-736
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (6) : 728 -736
走滑型平行组合断层源几何参数与重力变化图像特征定量关系的模拟研究
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金雯1, 2 , 申重阳2, * , 谈洪波2, 王嘉沛2, 石文轩2, 谭青青3, 晏绮云1
作者信息
  • 1 湖南省地震局, 长沙, 410004
  • 2 中国地震局地震研究所, 武汉, 430071
  • 3 江苏省地震局, 南京, 210014
通讯作者:
申重阳, 研究员, 主要研究方向为地球重力与地壳运动观测, E-mail:
作者简介:

金雯, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为重力数据观测, E-mail:

Simulation of the Quantitative Relationship between Geometric Parameters of Strike-Slip Parallel Composite Fault Sources and Image Characteristics of Gravity Variations
Wen JIN1, 2 , Chongyang SHEN2, * , Hongbo TAN2, Jiapei WANG2, Wenxuan SHI2, Qingqing TAN3, Qiyun YAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 Hunan Earthquake Agency, Changsha 410004, China
  • 2 Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 3 Jiangsu Earthquake Agency, Nanjing 210014, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.311
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在弹性地球下,单条走滑断层产生的地表重力变化已有清晰的解析解,但多条断裂带及其几何参数与地表重力变化图像之间的定量关系目前尚不明确。本文基于弹性半无限空间中的位错理论,通过模拟计算,系统研究走滑型平行组合位错源的几何参数与地表重力变化图像特征之间的定量关系。通过控制变量法,分别分析断层长度(L)、宽度(W)、走滑宽度(K)、断层条数(N)、倾角(δ)及顶深(dep)等参数对重力异常四象限分布形态与幅值的影响。结果表明:1)断层长度L与沿断层走向(X方向)的重力极值点间距呈线性正相关;2)断层宽度W增加会提高重力异常幅值,但增长趋势呈递减的特征,且不改变四象限结构;3)走滑宽度KY方向的重力极值点间距呈线性正相关,而与重力异常幅值呈负相关;4)走滑断层个数N增加使重力变化幅值线性增长;5)倾角δ变化影响重力变化图像的对称性;6)顶深dep增加导致Y方向极值点间距显著增大;7)断层中心位置(sxsy)与重力变化图像的四象限对称中心一致,X方向一对极值点连线方向与断层走向α一致。综上,可根据观测的重力变化图像确定多位错源的主要几何参数。

走滑断层  /  平行组合断层  /  震源几何参数  /  重力变化  /  弹性半无限空间位错模型

Under an elastic Earth model, clear analytical solutions exist for surface gravity changes induced by a single strike-slip fault. However, the quantitative relationship between multiple fault zones and their geometric parameters with the resulting surface gravity change patterns remains unclear. Based on dislocation theory in an elastic half-space, this paper systematically investigates the quantitative connection between the geometric parameters of parallel strike-slip dislocation sources and the characteristics of the surface gravity change patterns through numerical simulations. Using the control variable method, we separately analyze the influence of fault length (L), width (W), slip amount (K), number of faults (N), dip angle (δ), and top depth (dep) on the four-quadrant distribution pattern and amplitude of the gravity anomaly. The results show that: 1) Fault length L is linearly positively correlated with the distance between gravity extremal points along the fault strike (X-direction). 2) Increasing fault width W elevates the gravity anomaly amplitude, but the growth trend diminishes, without altering the four-quadrant structure. 3) The strike-slip width K is linearly positively correlated with the distance between gravity extremal points along the Y-direction, but negatively correlated with the gravity anomaly amplitude. 4) An increase in the number of strike-slip faults N leads to a linear increase in the gravity change amplitude. 5) Variations in the dip angle δ affect the symmetry of the gravity change pattern. 6) An increase in the top depth dep causes a significant increase in the distance between extremal points in the Y-direction. 7) The fault center position (sx, sy) coincides with the four-quadrant symmetric center of the gravity change pattern, and the line connecting a pair of extremal points in the X-direction aligns with the fault strike angle α. In summary, the main geometric parameters of multiple dislocation sources can be determined based on observed gravity change patterns.

strike-slip fault  /  parallel composite faults  /  geometry parameters of the earthquake source  /  gravity variations  /  elastic semi-infinite space dislocation model
金雯, 申重阳, 谈洪波, 王嘉沛, 石文轩, 谭青青, 晏绮云. 走滑型平行组合断层源几何参数与重力变化图像特征定量关系的模拟研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (6) : 728 -736 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.311
Wen JIN, Chongyang SHEN, Hongbo TAN, Jiapei WANG, Wenxuan SHI, Qingqing TAN, Qiyun YAN. Simulation of the Quantitative Relationship between Geometric Parameters of Strike-Slip Parallel Composite Fault Sources and Image Characteristics of Gravity Variations[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (6) : 728 -736 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.311
大陆内部的大型断裂通常以断裂带形式呈现,例如位于我国南北地震带中的鲜水河断裂带、小江断裂带、红河断裂带和龙门山断裂带。这些断裂带多数表现出走滑或倾滑的运动特性[1-2],并常由若干条近乎平行、力学性质相近的次级断裂组合而成。利用地球物理场信息(如重力场)约束这类断裂带的几何形态与运动参数是一个颇具挑战且尚未彻底解决的科学问题。
现代位错理论为利用重力场数据研究活动断层的几何与运动参数提供了基础[3-4]。自Steketee[5]将点源位错理论引入地震学以来,很多学者就半无限空间均匀介质地球模型的同震变形问题进行了深入研究。陈运泰等[6]给出拉梅常数不相等情形的半无限弹性介质中任意倾角的矩形滑动断层引起的地震位移场解析表示式。Okada[7]整理并总结前人的工作,完整地给出了一套简洁实用的同震变形计算公式,适用于计算任何剪切与张性断层引起的位移、应变和倾斜变形。Okubo[8-9]研究半无限空间介质内剪切和张裂断层的重力变化问题,利用类似于Okada的方法,导出点源和有限断层的同震重力位和重力变化的解析表达式。Sun等[10-11]基于地球曲率和层状结构,提出球形地球模型位错理论。Fu[12]在此基础上进一步考虑地球内部横向不均匀性的影响,对球形位错理论进行重要补充与完善,使其在复杂地质结构条件下的适用性得到进一步提升。白志明等[13]以各向同性弹性半无限空间经典理论为背景,就断层错动而引发的地表重力变化和形变进行分析,认为断层的产状和位错方式是决定地表重力和形变效应图像特征的基本因素,为获取发震断层的活动信息提供依据。在此基础上,谈洪波等[14-15]以各向同性弹性半无限空间中有限矩形断层位错理论为框架,分析单一断层及2条断层组合错动引起的地表形变图像特征。黄浩哲等[16]聚焦走滑型单一断层,初步建立单一位错源参数与重力图像的定量关联规律。
综上,可利用重力变化数据研究单一断裂或位错活动模型参数,但如何利用重力变化数据对更趋近于真实情况的多断层断裂带进行研究的报道极少,其主要难点在于如何确定这些断裂的几何参数及其构成。为此,本文将延续弹性半无限空间矩形位错这一经典理论框架,尝试开展走滑型组合(类似断裂带)位错源参数与重力变化图像特征关系的定量模拟研究,该研究有望为重力手段下的断层位错模型参数反演研究提供重要支持,并为震前闭锁剪力模式[16-17]的进一步数值预测研究提供基础。
Steketee[5]指出,在各向同性的弹性半无限空间介质中,一个沿断层面的位错Σ在空间中任意一点(x1x2x3)产生的位移场为:
$\begin{gathered}u_i=\frac{1}{F} \iint\limits_{\varSigma} \Delta u_j\left[\lambda \delta_{j k} \frac{\partial u_i^n}{\partial \xi_n}+\mu\left(\frac{\partial u_i^j}{\partial \xi_k}+\frac{\partial u_i^k}{\partial \xi_j}\right)\right] v_k \mathrm{~d} \varSigma \\(i=1, 2, 3)\end{gathered}$
式中,δjk为Kronecker符号;λμ为拉梅常数;vk为位错面法向量的方向余弦;uij为在点(ξ1ξ2ξ3)处振幅为F的点震源的j分量在点(x1x2x3)处产生的xi方向上的位移。
O-x1x2x3直角坐标系下(图 1),x1轴与x2轴为水平方向,x3轴垂直向下。设矩形断层(断层下盘)的长和宽分别为LWδ为断层面倾角,U1U2U3分别为任意位错的走滑、倾滑和引张位错分量,d为断层底界深度,Δh为地表高程变化[7],在自由地表某点(x1x2,0)引起的重力变化Δg和地表形变Δu可以分别表示为[9]
$\begin{gathered}\Delta g\left(x_1, x_2\right)= \\\left\{\rho G\left[U_1 S_g(\xi, \eta)+U_2 D_g(\xi, \eta)+U_3 T_g(\xi, \eta)\right]+\right. \\\left.\Delta \rho G U_3 C_g(\xi, \eta)\right\} \|-\beta \Delta h\left(x_1, x_2\right)\end{gathered}$
$\begin{gathered}\Delta u\left(x_1, x_2\right)=\frac{1}{2 \pi} \cdot \\{\left[U_1 S(\xi, \eta)+U_2 D(\xi, \eta)+U_3 T(\xi, \eta)\right] \|}\end{gathered}$
式中,G为万有引力常数;ρ为介质密度;Δρ为张裂纹内密度与介质密度之差;Sg(ξ, η)、Dg(ξ, η)、Tg(ξ, η)、Cg(ξ, η)、S(ξ, η)、D(ξ, η)和T(ξ, η)等系数的含义见文献[7, 9];自由空气重力梯度β=0.308 6×10-5 /s2;双竖线符号“ $\|$”可表示为[9]
$\begin{gathered}f(\xi, \eta) \|=f\left(x_1, p\right)-f\left(x_1, p-W\right)- \\f\left(x_1-L, p\right)+f\left(x_1-L, p-W\right)\end{gathered}$
其中,p与断层倾角δ的关系式为:
$p=x_2 \cos \delta+d \sin \delta$
单条断层位错引起的地表任意一点(xy,0)的地表形变u和重力变化Δg也可表示为(图 2(a)):
$\Delta g=f_1\left(x, y, 0 ; U_1, U_2, U_3, L, W, \operatorname{dep}, \delta, \alpha, s_x, s_y\right)$
$u=f_2\left(x, y, 0 ; U_1, U_2, U_3, L, W, \operatorname{dep}, \delta, \alpha, s_x, s_y\right)$
设一地表工作坐标系O-XYZX轴指向正东,Y轴指向正北,Z轴垂直向下,S(sx, sy, 0)为断层顶部地表迹线(或投影线)中点(图 2(a))。
设断层方位角为αN条(或平行)断层位错(图 2(b)),由其引起的地表任意一点(xy,0)的地表形变u和重力变化ΔG可由式(8)、(9)表示为多条单断层模型的叠加:
$\begin{gathered}\Delta G=\sum\limits_{i=1}^N \Delta g_i\left(x, y, 0 ; U_1, U_2, U_3, \right. \\\left.L, W, \operatorname{dep}, \delta, \alpha, s_x, s_y\right)\end{gathered}$
$\begin{aligned}u= & \sum\limits_{i=1}^N \Delta u_i\left(x, y, 0 ; U_1, U_2, U_3, \right. \\& \left.L, W, \operatorname{dep}, \delta, \alpha, s_x, s_y\right)\end{aligned}$
如式(8)、式(9)所示,断层尺寸(长、宽)、断层产状(倾向、倾角、走向)、断层位置(顶深、方位、中心投影坐标)以及错动性质(错动量的大小、错动方式)是影响地表形变效应和重力变化的因素。N=1时,为单一断层(可以认为单一断层是多断层的特例)。若断层组合的水平宽度为K,当走滑断层间距ΔK均匀分布时,K=(N-1)×ΔK,不同断层的中心坐标(sxsy)与K、ΔK有关。
本节主要就走滑平行位错组合(走滑断裂带)模型与地表重力变化进行模拟,以探究走滑位错源参数与地表重力变化图像特征间的关系。不失一般性,设置组合位错模型的基本参数为:相互平行的断层个数N=3,断裂间水平间距ΔK=15 km,走滑断层宽度K为30 km;各断层的几何参数均一致,长L=50 km,宽W=25 km,顶深(位错组合距地表的最短距离)dep=10 km,走向α=90°,倾角δ=90°;各断层位错3个分量均相同,分别为U1=-10 m、U2=0 m和U3= 0 m;介质密度ρ=2.67 g/cm3。模拟时,不考虑地表形变造成位置改变的重力效应,即式(2)中第5项为0(实际分析时,可通过实际观测去除地表变形效应)。后续将通过控制变量法开展参数分析,以讨论走滑型组合模型引起的区域重力变化特征。
在其他模型参数保持不变的条件下,仅调整组合位错源的长度参数L,分别取值为40 km、50 km、60 km、70 km、80 km和90 km。不同长度所对应的位错源引起的区域重力变化特征如图 3所示。可以看出,随着位错源长度的增加,重力变化的四象限分布模式保持稳定,但重力异常幅值和影响范围均逐渐增大。值得注意的是,沿X方向,即走向方向的正负重力极值点之间的距离D(图中以红色线段标识)与组合位错源长度L基本一致,呈正比例线性关系(图 4)。该规律可作为单一或组合走滑断层推断断层长度的一个参考指标。
在其他模型参数保持恒定的情况下,仅改变组合位错源的宽度参数W,分别取10 km、15 km、20 km和25 km进行模拟,以分析宽度变化对重力异常响应的影响。不同宽度参数所对应的区域重力变化分布特征如图 5所示。分析结果表明,随着位错源宽度W的增加,重力异常的四象限空间分布形态总体保持稳定,沿X向和Y向的正负重力异常极值点间距均未发生显著变化;然而,四象限图像的重力变化幅值gmax随宽度增大呈逐渐增大且增长趋势递减的曲线增长特征(图 6)。因此,可以根据与断层有关的重力异常变化幅值gmax推断组合位错源宽度。
在固定其他模型参数的前提下,单独改变组合位错源走滑宽度K,依次设置为10 km、20 km、30 km、40 km、50 km及60 km, 不同组合位错源走滑宽度产生的重力变化图像如图 7所示。分析可知,随着组合位错源走滑宽度K持续增大,重力幅值呈现出随位错源走滑宽度增加而减小的变化趋势;沿X方向上四象限重力正负极值点间距维持稳定不变;沿Y方向上四象限正负重力极值点间距D(以红色线段标注)逐步扩大,且呈现近似线性增长趋势(图 8)。因此,该间距可作为推断走滑宽度的一个依据。
在其他模型参数保持不变的条件下,仅改变组合位错源的走滑断层个数N,分别取1、3、4、5、6和7进行模拟。不同走滑个数对应的区域重力变化图像如图 9所示。结果表明,随着走滑断层个数的增加,沿XY方向的正负重力异常极值点间距均未发生明显变化,而重力变化幅值gmax则表现出线性增长的趋势(图 10)。因此,重力变化幅值可作为推断走滑断层个数的指标。
在其他模型参数保持不变的条件下,仅改变位错源的倾角δ,分别取40°、50°、60°、70°、80°和90°进行模拟,以分析倾角变化对地表重力变化的影响。图 11展示了不同倾角δ下组合位错源引起的地表重力变化分布特征。模拟结果表明,随着倾角的增大,沿X轴方向的正负重力异常极值点间距及其重力值大小均保持不变;而在Y轴方向上,两侧重力异常极值存在明显差异,该差异随倾角的增大逐渐减小,当倾角为90°时,两侧差异趋近于0。
为进一步量化该关系,通过模拟计算得到了组合位错源倾角与Y轴两侧重力变化幅值之比$C_{g_{\max }}$的关系曲线(图 12)。结果显示,该比值随倾角的增大呈缓慢的增长趋势。这一特征关系可作为推断位错源倾角大小的依据。
在其他模型参数固定的条件下,改变位错源距地表深度dep,分别设置为2 km、4 km、5 km、6 km、8 km和10 km,以研究顶深对地表重力异常的影响。图 13展示了不同顶深条件下模拟得到的重力变化图像。模拟结果显示,随着顶深从2 km增大至10 km,沿X轴方向的重力正负极值点间距(记为a,图中以红色线段标示)并未发生明显改变;但沿Y轴方向的一对重力正负极值点间距(记为b,图中以蓝色线段标示)表现出随顶深增加而逐渐增大的特征。
图 14建立了顶深与距离比值Cd=a/b的关系曲线。分析表明,该比值随顶深增加呈现缓慢下降的趋势。这一关系可为确定位错源顶深提供参考依据。
就位错源方位角而言,综合上述模拟结果(图 3~14)可知,无论走滑型位错源的其他参数如何变化,其方位角α始终与走向方向上一对重力变化正负极值点之间的连线走向相一致。这可为重力变化图像确定位错源方位角提供依据。
类似地,对于位错源中心位置(sxsy),模拟结果显示,在不同参数条件下,走滑型位错源引起的重力变化四象限图像始终保持正负异常对称分布的特征,且对称中心位置稳定,可作为位错源的中心范围。这可为重力变化图像确定位错源的中心位置提供基础。
基于弹性半无限空间中的矩形位错理论,利用控制变量法进行模拟研究,给出了走滑型平行组合或断裂带位错源几何参数与地表重力变化图像特征量之间的定量关系。得出如下结论:
1) 断层长度LX方向正负重力极值点间距具有明显的正比例关系(图 4)。
2) 断层宽度W主要影响重力变化幅值(图 6),重力变化幅值随着宽度增加而逐渐增大, 但增长趋势递减。
3) 走滑宽度KY方向上正负重力极值点间距呈正比例关系,且随走滑宽度的增大重力幅值减小(图 8)。
4) 走滑断层个数N与重力幅值呈线性正相关(图 10)。
5) 断层倾角δ影响Y方向对称性,随着倾角增大,Y方向两侧重力异常极值的差异逐渐减小(图 12)。当倾角为90°时,两侧差异趋近于0。
6) 顶深dep影响Y方向重力极值点的间距与形态(图 14),顶深增大会导致Y方向极值点的间距增大。随着顶深的增加,比值Cd呈逐渐减小的趋势。
7) 方位角α与中心位置(sxsy)可从图像中直接识别:走滑型组合位错源引起的重力变化图像始终保持四象限对称分布,其对称中心与位错源中心投影位置基本一致;X方向上的一对正负极值点连线方向与断层走向一致。
通过对多断层平行位错源(相当断裂带)参数进行模拟,发现走滑宽度K和走滑断层个数N对重力变化四象限图像的幅值大小和范围影响较大。相较于单一断层模型,组合位错源模型能更真实地描述复杂断层带系统的重力变化异常。针对实际情况,采用与本研究类似的模拟方法,可建立重力变化四象限图像与对应的走滑型组合断层位错源几何参数之间的量化关系,这为利用重力数据开展断层几何参数的研究提供了关键的技术与方法支撑。本文基于均匀半无限空间假设,未考虑实际地球的分层结构、曲率及横向不均匀性的影响,未来可考虑这些影响因素进一步提升适用性。对不同性质的类似断裂带组合(如倾滑、滑动方向的不一致等)也有待进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42374105)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42204089)
  • 中国地震局监测预警任务(CEA-JYCJ-202501053)
  • 湖南省地震局防震减灾科研课题(202504)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.311
  • 接收时间:2025-09-10
  • 首发时间:2026-07-09
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(42374105)
国家自然科学基金(42204089)
中国地震局监测预警任务(CEA-JYCJ-202501053)
湖南省地震局防震减灾科研课题(202504)
作者信息
    1 湖南省地震局, 长沙, 410004
    2 中国地震局地震研究所, 武汉, 430071
    3 江苏省地震局, 南京, 210014

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申重阳, 研究员, 主要研究方向为地球重力与地壳运动观测, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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