Article(id=1322916899968910042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916858604696290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.12.427, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765123200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337567559, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337567559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337567559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337567559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916858604696290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1038', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337557698, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337557698, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=964, endPage=970, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916900178625243, articleId=1322916899968910042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Regional Ionospheric TEC Modeling and Positioning Performance Evaluation Based on BDS/GNSS, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To realize the refined modeling and real-time monitoring of the ionosphere in mid-low latitude regions and meet the engineering demand for high-precision correction of regional ionospheric delay, an ionospheric grid model (GZIM) with a temporal resolution of 1 hour by utilizing BDS/GNSS observation data from 75 continuous operating reference stations (CORS) in Guizhou. The ionospheric delay is extracted using the un-difference and un-combined algorithm, and a regional vertical total electron content (VTEC) model is constructed with the 4th-order spherical harmonic function. After eliminating data disturbed by geomagnetic storms, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of GZIM are compared with the global ionospheric model products released by IGS and CODE, and the model performance is verified through dynamic single-frequency precise point positioning (PPP). The experimental results show that GZIM is generally consistent with global ionospheric grid products in terms of temporal variation characteristics, and can depict the ionospheric TEC gradient at small scales more elaborately. In the dynamic single-frequency PPP experiments on geomagnetically quiet days, GZIM achieves higher ionospheric delay correction accuracy than global ionospheric products, with the root mean square (RMS) values of positioning errors being 8.5 cm in the east direction, 10.0 cm in the north direction, and 24.2 cm in the up direction, respectively. Specifically, the up-direction positioning accuracy is improved by 50.0% and 54.1% compared with IGSG and CODG global products, respectively.

, authors=Shenglong E1, Zhongao WANG1, Bing ZHAO1, Lei WANG1, Jianming LIU2, Junfei JIANG1, Mingxian HU3, *, authorsList=Shenglong E, Zhongao WANG, Bing ZHAO, Lei WANG, Jianming LIU, Junfei JIANG, Mingxian HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mingxian HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916904205157100, articleId=1322916899968910042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于北斗/GNSS的区域电离层TEC建模及定位性能评估, columnId=1281909276545356011, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现中低纬度地区电离层的精细化建模与实时监测,满足区域电离层延迟高精度改正的工程需求,基于贵州区域75个连续运行参考站的北斗/GNSS多系统观测数据,采用非差非组合算法提取电离层延迟信息,结合4阶球谐函数构建区域电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)模型,生成时间分辨率为1 h的区域电离层格网模型GZIM。在剔除地磁暴干扰数据的基础上,将该模型与IGS、CODE发布的全球电离层模型产品开展时空分布特征对比分析,并通过动态单频精密单点定位(PPP)开展模型性能验证。实验结果表明,贵州区域电离层模型GZIM与全球电离层格网产品的时序变化特征基本一致,且能更精细地刻画小尺度下的电离层TEC梯度变化;磁静日动态单频PPP实验中,该模型的电离层延迟改正精度优于全球电离层产品,东、北、天方向定位误差均方根(RMS)分别为8.5 cm、10.0 cm、24.2 cm,其中天向定位精度相较于IGSG、CODG全球产品分别提升50.0%、54.1%。

, authors=鄂盛龙1, 王中奥1, 赵兵1, 王磊1, 刘建明2, 江俊飞1, 胡明贤3, *, authorsList=鄂盛龙, 王中奥, 赵兵, 王磊, 刘建明, 江俊飞, 胡明贤, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡明贤, authorNote=

鄂盛龙,高级工程师,主要研究方向为GNSS高精度数据处理技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
胡明贤, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为GNSS高精度数据处理技术, E-mail:
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GZIM modeling strategies

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参数类型 设置值
卫星系统 北斗, GPS, GLONASS
延迟提取 非差非组合提取
建模方法 4阶球谐函数
采样率 30 s
截止高度角 10°
输入星历 MGEX广播星历
经纬度范围 20°~30°N,95°~110°E
时空分辨率 1 h/1°×1°
), ArticleFig(id=1322916911956230964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916899968910042, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GZIM建模策略

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型 设置值
卫星系统 北斗, GPS, GLONASS
延迟提取 非差非组合提取
建模方法 4阶球谐函数
采样率 30 s
截止高度角 10°
输入星历 MGEX广播星历
经纬度范围 20°~30°N,95°~110°E
时空分辨率 1 h/1°×1°
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基于北斗/GNSS的区域电离层TEC建模及定位性能评估
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鄂盛龙 1 , 王中奥 1 , 赵兵 1 , 王磊 1 , 刘建明 2 , 江俊飞 1 , 胡明贤 3, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 大地测量学 2026,46(8): 964-970
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大地测量与地球动力学 |大地测量学 2026 , 46 (8) : 964 -970
基于北斗/GNSS的区域电离层TEC建模及定位性能评估
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鄂盛龙1 , 王中奥1, 赵兵1, 王磊1, 刘建明2, 江俊飞1, 胡明贤3, *
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 广州, 510080
  • 2 广东电网有限责任公司, 广州, 510699
  • 3 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉, 430079
通讯作者:
胡明贤, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为GNSS高精度数据处理技术, E-mail:
作者简介:

鄂盛龙,高级工程师,主要研究方向为GNSS高精度数据处理技术,E-mail:

Regional Ionospheric TEC Modeling and Positioning Performance Evaluation Based on BDS/GNSS
Shenglong E1 , Zhongao WANG1, Bing ZHAO1, Lei WANG1, Jianming LIU2, Junfei JIANG1, Mingxian HU3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Electric Power Research Institute, Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • 2 Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510699, China
  • 3 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.12.427
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为实现中低纬度地区电离层的精细化建模与实时监测,满足区域电离层延迟高精度改正的工程需求,基于贵州区域75个连续运行参考站的北斗/GNSS多系统观测数据,采用非差非组合算法提取电离层延迟信息,结合4阶球谐函数构建区域电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)模型,生成时间分辨率为1 h的区域电离层格网模型GZIM。在剔除地磁暴干扰数据的基础上,将该模型与IGS、CODE发布的全球电离层模型产品开展时空分布特征对比分析,并通过动态单频精密单点定位(PPP)开展模型性能验证。实验结果表明,贵州区域电离层模型GZIM与全球电离层格网产品的时序变化特征基本一致,且能更精细地刻画小尺度下的电离层TEC梯度变化;磁静日动态单频PPP实验中,该模型的电离层延迟改正精度优于全球电离层产品,东、北、天方向定位误差均方根(RMS)分别为8.5 cm、10.0 cm、24.2 cm,其中天向定位精度相较于IGSG、CODG全球产品分别提升50.0%、54.1%。

电离层建模  /  总电子含量  /  区域连续运行参考站网  /  BDS  /  精密单点定位

To realize the refined modeling and real-time monitoring of the ionosphere in mid-low latitude regions and meet the engineering demand for high-precision correction of regional ionospheric delay, an ionospheric grid model (GZIM) with a temporal resolution of 1 hour by utilizing BDS/GNSS observation data from 75 continuous operating reference stations (CORS) in Guizhou. The ionospheric delay is extracted using the un-difference and un-combined algorithm, and a regional vertical total electron content (VTEC) model is constructed with the 4th-order spherical harmonic function. After eliminating data disturbed by geomagnetic storms, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of GZIM are compared with the global ionospheric model products released by IGS and CODE, and the model performance is verified through dynamic single-frequency precise point positioning (PPP). The experimental results show that GZIM is generally consistent with global ionospheric grid products in terms of temporal variation characteristics, and can depict the ionospheric TEC gradient at small scales more elaborately. In the dynamic single-frequency PPP experiments on geomagnetically quiet days, GZIM achieves higher ionospheric delay correction accuracy than global ionospheric products, with the root mean square (RMS) values of positioning errors being 8.5 cm in the east direction, 10.0 cm in the north direction, and 24.2 cm in the up direction, respectively. Specifically, the up-direction positioning accuracy is improved by 50.0% and 54.1% compared with IGSG and CODG global products, respectively.

ionospheric modeling  /  total electron content  /  regional continuous operating reference stations network  /  BDS  /  precise point positioning
鄂盛龙, 王中奥, 赵兵, 王磊, 刘建明, 江俊飞, 胡明贤. 基于北斗/GNSS的区域电离层TEC建模及定位性能评估. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (8) : 964 -970 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.12.427
Shenglong E, Zhongao WANG, Bing ZHAO, Lei WANG, Jianming LIU, Junfei JIANG, Mingxian HU. Regional Ionospheric TEC Modeling and Positioning Performance Evaluation Based on BDS/GNSS[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (8) : 964 -970 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.12.427
电离层是距地球表面60~1 000 km的高层大气区域,受太阳辐射作用,该区域内富集大量自由电子与带电离子,使其成为制约全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)定位性能的主要误差源之一[1-2]。电离层延迟会直接增大GNSS测量误差,限制GNSS定位精度的提升[3]。单频精密单点定位(single-frequency precise point positioning, SF-PPP)凭借适配低成本接收机的优势,具备为海量终端用户提供实时高精度位置服务的潜力[4]。但受制于观测体制,SF-PPP无法通过多频组合观测值直接消除电离层延迟误差,必须借助建模预估或参数估计的方式对其进行削弱修正[5]。基于电离层总电子含量(total electron content, TEC)建模实现电离层延迟校正,是提升PPP解算性能的有效途径。该方法通过对全球或区域电离层TEC进行格网化建模,然后以电离层数据交换格式(ionosphere map exchange format, IONEX)播发建模产品,用户端可通过插值运算生成区域电离层地图,精准估算电离层延迟量,进而有效提升SF-PPP的定位精度与收敛速度[6]。当前,国际GNSS服务中心(IGS)下设的电离层联合分析中心(IAAC)是全球权威的GNSS电离层数据处理与分析机构,核心职责为生成并发布标准格网形式的全球电离层图(global ionospheric map, GIM)[7]。
近年来,我国区域电离层TEC建模技术发展迅猛,基于国内大规模地基GNSS观测数据构建的后处理电离层模型,其精度已逐步逼近国际主流分析中心发布的GIM产品[8-9]。但受制于国内GNSS观测站点整体分布较为稀疏的现状,在5°×2.5°的常规空间分辨率下,建模可用的电离层穿刺点数量不足,难以支撑格网模型达到精细化的精度要求。这一问题直接导致贵州等部分区域通过GIM插值生成的区域电离层模型无法精准刻画局地电离层TEC的时空变化特征[10],进而引发区域PPP解算收敛速度放缓、定位精度降低等问题。与此同时,小尺度范围内GNSS测站分布不均的问题,也会进一步制约电离层建模精度的提升,该影响在贵州等中低纬度区域表现得尤为突出[11]。针对测站数量偏少、站间距较大的广域PPP应用场景,构建高精度电离层TEC模型具备极强的实际应用价值[12]。现阶段,国内基于省域连续运行参考站(continuous operating reference station, CORS)网的区域电离层监测相关研究仍较为匮乏,中低纬度省域PPP定位应用与CORS系统运维均缺乏可靠、精准的电离层数据支撑[13]。而贵州省域内密集的CORS观测网络,搭配多系统GNSS观测数据,为破解上述区域电离层建模难题提供了优质的数据基础与可行的解决方案。
本文依托贵州省域CORS网的北斗多系统GNSS观测数据,构建高精度区域电离层TEC模型;剔除地磁暴干扰数据后,将所建模型与国际多个分析中心发布的GIM产品开展时空分布特征比对与精度验证分析;最后将模型应用于动态单频PPP解算,验证其在区域高精度定位中的实际应用性能。
利用伪距和相位观测值可以提取电离层TEC延迟。其中GNSS的伪距观测值和相位观测值的表达式如下:
$\left\{\begin{aligned}P_{k, j}^i= & \rho_{0, j}^i+d_{\mathrm{ion}, k, j}^i+d_{\mathrm{trop}, j}^i+c\left(\tau^i-\tau_j\right)+ \\& d_k^i+d_{k, j}+\varepsilon_{P, k, j}^i \\L_{k, j}^i= & \rho_{0, j}^i-d_{\mathrm{ion}, k, j}^i+d_{\mathrm{trop}, j}^i+c\left(\tau^i-\tau_j\right)- \\& b_k^i-b_{k, j}+\lambda N_{k, j}^i+\varepsilon_{L, k, j}^i\end{aligned}\right.$
式中,P和L分别对应伪距和相位观测值;i为卫星序号;k和j分别表示频率号和接收机序号;ρ为卫星与地面接收机之间的几何距离;diion, k, j和ditrop, j分别表示电离层延迟和对流层延迟;τi和τj分别表示卫星钟差和接收机钟差;dki, dk, j和bki, bk, j分别表示码延迟和相位偏差;λ为信号波长;Nk, ji为模糊度参数;ε为观测噪声;c为光速常量。
传统PPP采用频间组合的方式来消除电离层参数的影响,这会丢失观测值中部分有用信息;非差非组合PPP不进行载波相位差分和伪距组合,可保留高精度电离层参数[14-17]。非差方程需要估计电离层延迟参数[18],采用IGS提供的卫星钟差产品进行计算:
$\bar{\tau}^i=\tau^i+\frac{f_1^2}{f_1^2-f_2^2} d_1^i-\frac{f_2^2}{f_1^2-f_2^2} d_2^i$
式中,$\bar{\tau}^i $表示卫星钟差真值;τi表示从分析中心产品中提取的卫星钟差;fi表示不同的观测频点;di表示不同频点对应的硬件延迟误差。将式(1)和式(2)联立可得:
$\left\{\begin{aligned}P_{k, j}^i= & \rho_{0, j}^i+u_j \overline{d}_{\text {ion}, k, 1}^i+d_{\text {trop}, j}^i+c\left(\bar{\tau}^i-\tau_j\right)+ \\& d_k^i+d_{k, j}+\varepsilon_{P, k, j}^i \\L_{k, j}^i= & \rho_{0, j}^i-u_j \overline{d}_{\text {ion}, k, 1}^i+d_{\text {trop}, j}^i+c\left(\bar{\tau}^i-\tau_j\right)- \\& b_k^i-b_{k, j}+\lambda \overline{N}_{k, j}^i+\varepsilon_{L, k, j}^i\end{aligned}\right.$
式(3)中参数的表达式如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\overline{d}_{\mathrm{ion}, k, 1}^i=\frac{40.28}{f_1^2} \cdot \mathrm{STEC}-\frac{f_2^2}{f_1^2-f_2^2} \cdot\left(d^i+d_j\right) \\\overline{N}_{k, j}^i=N_{k, j}^i-\frac{2 f_2^2}{f_1^2-f_2^2} \cdot\left(d^i+d_j\right) \\u_j=\frac{f_j^2}{f_1^2}\end{array}\right.$
式中,STEC表示倾斜总电子含量。经由该式表述的非差非组合PPP观测方程可以用于提取延迟量。
低阶球谐函数模型已被证明在小区域内拥有更高的建模精度和计算效率[19],通常利用3~6阶球谐函数并根据区域范围调整阶数和系数进行拟合建模[20]。球谐函数模型的表达式如下[21]:
$\begin{aligned}& \operatorname{VTEC}(\varphi, s)=\sum\limits_{n=0}^N \sum\limits_{m=0}^n \widetilde{P}_{m n} \cdot \sin \varphi \cdot \\& \left(\widetilde{C}_{m n} \cdot \cos (m s)+\widetilde{S}_{m n} \cdot \sin (m s)\right)\end{aligned}$
式中,φ表示穿刺点处的地理纬度;s表示穿刺点处的日固经度;m为球谐次数;n为球谐阶数;$\widetilde{P}_{m n} $表示正则化后的勒让德多项式函数;$\widetilde{C}_{m n} $和$ \widetilde{S}_{m n}$表示球谐函数系数。其中穿刺点处的地理纬度及日固经度可表示为:
$\varphi=\arcsin \left(\sin b \cos \theta+\cos b \sin \theta \cos A_z\right)$
$\begin{aligned}s= & l+\arcsin \left(\frac{\sin \theta \sin A_z}{\cos \theta}\right)+ \\& 30(k-1) \mathsf{π} / 43200-\mathsf{π}\end{aligned}$
式中,b为接收机地理纬度;l为接收机地理经度;θ为穿刺角;Az为卫星方位角;k为历元时刻。勒让德多项式函数可表示为:
$\widetilde{P}_{m n}=\sqrt{(n-m)!(2 n+1)\left(2-\delta_{0 m}\right) /(n+m)!}$
式中,m=0时,δ0m=1;m≠0时,δ0m=0。
选择2024年DOY128作为实验日,基于贵州区域均匀分布的75个CORS站点观测数据,建立IONEX标准格网形式的贵州区域电离层模型(Guizhou ionospheric model,GZIM)。图 1为观测站点分布图,其中红色圆点表示用于单频PPP验证的6个站点。表 1为GZIM模型的建模策略。
电离层TEC的波动在一定程度上受到地磁活动的驱动,较强的地磁活动会导致TEC值发生异常扰动[19]。为排除地磁活动对实验结果的影响,本文借助美国国家航空航天局(NASA)OMNIWeb提供的Kp、Dst数据绘制2024年DOY128的全球地磁活动变化图。从图 2可以看出,实验日各时段Dst指数绝对值在20 nT以内,Kp指数不超过3,说明实验日全球地磁活动整体呈现较低水平,即磁平静。
电离层TEC水平在昼夜之间呈周期性变化,与太阳辐射的强弱相对应。图 3~5为由不同格网模型生成的贵州区域VTEC变化趋势图,绘图单位为TECu,绘图时间间隔为2 h,时间参考系为UT世界时,相对应的北京时间为UT+8 h。由图可知,3种模型都能正确反映电离层VTEC的时序变化情况。从空间分布上看,3种模型在实验日反映出的VTEC空间变化趋势基本一致。
值得一提的是,在电离层较为活跃的时间点,即VTEC波动较大的时段,GZIM模型能展现出更为丰富的小尺度VTEC变化特征,在纬向24°~30°N范围内呈现出明显的梯度变化。如UT 08:00(北京时间16:00),GZIM模型显示贵州省南部上空电离层TEC接近90 TECu,中部约70~80 TECu,而北部仅约60 TECu,同一时间点的IGSG模型和CODG模型均未反映出这一特征,显示贵州省整体约为70~80 TECu。
由以上实验可知,GZIM模型能够准确地反映电离层VTEC的时空变化特征,在大尺度上,与现有的后处理高精度电离层产品具有较好的时空分布一致性;在小尺度上,相对现有产品能更好地反映VTEC梯度变化。
RMSE可衡量估计值与真实值之间的差异。为量化验证GZIM与其他后处理产品的VTEC符合精度,建模生成DOY125—131的GZIM模型文件,并对比IGSG、CODG格网模型计算得到VTEC RMSE。由于格网尺度不同,对IGSG、CODG进行插值计算,时间间隔取2 h。图 6为7 d RMSE的计算结果。
由图 6可见,在实验开展的7 d内,RMSE整体值小于5 TECu。IGSG、CODG计算所得的7 d RMSE分别为2.745 TECu和2.937 TECu。RMSE分析结果表明,在研究时段内,GZIM模型与分析中心的GIM产品之间的差异较小,模型性能整体较为稳定。
为进一步评估GZIM模型的性能,将其应用于动态单频PPP的电离层延迟改正,并与IGSG、CODG产品进行精度对比。GZAC、GZAW、GZCJ、GZQJ、GZSS、GZZY六个观测站点被选中用于实验。首先对比不同模型在动态单频PPP中的定位精度,图 7为三维定位误差结果。由图可知,经3种模型改正的3个方向定位精度都在dm级,在GZAC、GZSS等站点的电离层活跃时段(UT 04:00—08:00),GZIM改正效果显著优于其他产品,改正后的定位精度保持在cm级。
为进一步衡量3种模型改正后的定位误差,对6个站点在实验日的东、北、天3个方向的定位误差进行统计分析并计算RMS,结果如图 8所示。
从图 8可以看出,对于所有电离层模型,东方向的定位误差RMS最小,3种模型均为10~20 cm。以GZZY站点为例,GZIM模型在东方向误差最小,为8.5 cm,而IGSG、CODG模型的东向误差分别为12.1 cm、13.4 cm;GZIM、IGSG、CODE的北向定位误差RMS分别为10.0 cm、22.5 cm和26.1 m;在天顶方向上,GZIM、IGSG、CODE的定位误差RMS分别为24.2 cm、48.4 cm、52.7 cm,GZIM模型相比IGSG、CODG分别降低50.0 %、54.1 %。GZIM在各实验站点的三维定位误差RMS均优于后处理电离层模型产品,在6个站点的东向平均定位误差RMS为10.28 cm。该实验表明,GZIM模型在动态单频PPP电离层延迟改正中的性能优于IGSG、CODG电离层产品。
贵州地处中低纬度地带,受复杂电离层时空分布特性影响,区域内GNSS定位精度受到显著制约,而电离层总电子含量(TEC)建模可为GNSS电离层延迟改正提供关键技术支撑。采用格网插值法实施电离层延迟改正,可有效提升单频用户精密单点定位(PPP)精度。本研究依托贵州区域75个连续运行参考站的北斗/GNSS多系统观测数据,通过非差非组合模型精准提取电离层延迟信息,基于4阶球谐函数构建符合标准格式的贵州区域电离层模型GZIM。为全面验证模型性能,选取2024年DOY128作为实验观测日,将GZIM模型与IGSG、CODG两种后处理电离层模型开展时空变化趋势对比分析,并结合动态单频PPP电离层延迟改正实验,综合评估GZIM模型的可靠性与定位改正效能。
实验结果显示,磁静期内GZIM模型的时空分布特征与IGSG、CODG模型高度契合,大尺度层面可精准反映垂直总电子含量(VTEC)的日变化规律,小尺度层面则能更细腻地刻画VTEC梯度变化特征。在3种模型参与的动态单频PPP电离层延迟改正实验中,GZIM模型在多数观测时段的改正效果优于IGSG、CODG模型,经改正后定位精度可达到dm级。量化数据表明,GZIM模型对应的三维定位误差均方根(RMS)分别为:东向8.5 cm、北向10.0 cm、天顶向24.2 cm;其中天顶方向定位误差RMS较IGSG模型降低50.0%,较CODG模型降低54.1%。综上,贵州区域电离层格网模型GZIM的整体精度优于IGS、CODE分析中心发布的全球电离层格网模型,更适配贵州中低纬度区域的GNSS电离层延迟改正与高精度定位需求。
  • 中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20231488)
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2026年第46卷第8期
38
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.12.427
  • 接收时间:2025-12-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-08
基金
中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20231488)
作者信息
    1 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 广州, 510080
    2 广东电网有限责任公司, 广州, 510699
    3 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉, 430079

通讯作者:

胡明贤, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为GNSS高精度数据处理技术, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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