Article(id=1322916964221452443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916945741348911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.403, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337582878, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337582878, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337582878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337582878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916945741348911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1039', pageEnd='1170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337578473, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337578473, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1147, endPage=1155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916966985498781, articleId=1322916964221452443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Source Model of the 2025 Dingri MW7.1 Earthquake Based on InSAR and Pixel Offset Tracking Observations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on Sentinel-1A ascending and descending SAR data, the co-seismic InSAR deformation field and range-direction pixel offset of the January 7, 2025, MW7.1 Dingri earthquake were obtained. Combined with elastic half-space dislocation theory, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the Akaike-Bayesian information criterion (ABIC) were used to invert single- and double-fault slip distribution models. Static Coulomb stress changes at depths of 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km were also calculated. The results show that although the double-fault model, constrained by surface rupture traces identified via the pixel offset tracking (POT) method, exhibits higher roughness, it more accurately reproduces the surface rupture trajectory at fault strike variations. The double-fault model achieved fitting accuracies of 97.2% and 96.5% for ascending and descending InSAR data, respectively, outperforming the single-fault model (96.8%/95.9%). The inverted seismogenic fault has a strike of 186° and a dip angle of 55°, with co-seismic slip mainly concentrated in the northern section and a secondary slip core between the two fault strands. The total seismic moment released was 6.12×1019 Nm (MW7.1). Coulomb stress perturbations generally decreased on both sides of the fault, while stress increased at a depth of 15 km in the southern segment, showing strong spatial correlation with aftershock distribution, indicating that stress in this region is prone to release through aftershocks. Local stress increases were also observed at different depths near the northern and southern ends of the fault, which should be key areas for future research.

, authors=Jin XU1, 2, Shijie GE2, Xinyi PAN2, Xixuan BAI3, *, Jianfeng GU3, Bingqiang ZHANG3, authorsList=Jin XU, Shijie GE, Xinyi PAN, Xixuan BAI, Jianfeng GU, Bingqiang ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xixuan BAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916970424828080, articleId=1322916964221452443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=融合InSAR与POT观测的定日MW7.1地震震源模型研究, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨SAR数据,获取2025-01-07定日MW7.1地震的InSAR同震形变场及距离向像素偏移量;结合弹性半空间位错理论,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法与赤池-贝叶斯信息准则(ABIC)反演单断层和双断层滑动分布模型,并计算5 km、10 km和15 km深度处的静态库仑应力变化。结果表明,尽管利用像素偏移量追踪(POT)方法识别地表破裂轨迹确定的双断层模型粗糙度较高,但其在断层走向变化处能更精确地呈现地表破裂轨迹,模型对升降轨InSAR数据的拟合度分别达97.2%和96.5%,优于单断层模型的96.8%和95.9%;反演得到发震断层走向186°、倾角55°,同震滑动主要集中于断层北侧及两侧向中间过渡的次级滑动区,总释放地震矩6.12×1019 Nm(MW7.1);库仑应力扰动在断层两侧整体减小,而断层南部15 km深度处应力增高区域与余震分布高度重合,表明该处应力易于由余震释放;断层南北端不同深度亦呈局部应力增加,应作为未来研究重点,并为地震地质灾害风险防控提供依据。

, authors=徐瑾1, 2, 葛诗杰2, 潘欣怡2, 白希选3, *, 顾箭峰3, 张兵强3, authorsList=徐瑾, 葛诗杰, 潘欣怡, 白希选, 顾箭峰, 张兵强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=白希选, authorNote=

徐瑾,副教授,主要研究方向为地震次生灾害防治、InSAR观测技术及应急管理,E-mail:

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白希选,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为GNSS及InSAR地表形变测量,E-mail:
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徐瑾,副教授,主要研究方向为地震次生灾害防治、InSAR观测技术及应急管理,E-mail:

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绿色矩形框为InSAR数据覆盖范围,黄色矩形框为发震区域,红色矢量表示该区域GPS连续台站获取的水平位移[14];黑色实线为发震区域内活动断裂轨迹[15-17]

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figureFileBig=FFA4LjKeqQhO6e8A3msYcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916975856451817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蒙特卡洛模拟估计得到的断层几何参数及其误差, figureFileSmall=rcERoD3WQCHpcyzfQAoUXA==, figureFileBig=FFA4LjKeqQhO6e8A3msYcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916975927754986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Coseismic slip distribution on a single fault, figureFileSmall=5/DDScdBmuDKbvM4mV6bxQ==, figureFileBig=9VF64YJKPtQrTzYLcCfJvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976011641067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=图4, caption=单断层同震滑动分布, figureFileSmall=5/DDScdBmuDKbvM4mV6bxQ==, figureFileBig=9VF64YJKPtQrTzYLcCfJvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976074555628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=图6, caption=双断层模型同震滑动分布(二维), figureFileSmall=NVtMsdeJrFEdZRuhP9nBRA==, figureFileBig=4xBiItN2fKRiVThd5Iqlbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976384934128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Three-dimensional coseismic slip distribution of a double-fault model, figureFileSmall=Yt/LhOfsWqTrmhrwYNuGoQ==, figureFileBig=O7c3NS+kBlUwoFVhReyfFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976460431601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=图7, caption=双断层模型同震滑动分布(三维), figureFileSmall=Yt/LhOfsWqTrmhrwYNuGoQ==, figureFileBig=O7c3NS+kBlUwoFVhReyfFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976523346162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Observed, modeled, and residual coseismic deformation fields of the 2025 Dingri earthquake, figureFileSmall=P0agIdPcsG/qLFAZ2DZ2Jw==, figureFileBig=Yq/Lil0SxxT8YWP4lunGNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976603037939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=图8, caption=2025年定日地震同震形变场观测值、模拟值、残差, figureFileSmall=P0agIdPcsG/qLFAZ2DZ2Jw==, figureFileBig=Yq/Lil0SxxT8YWP4lunGNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976682729716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Coseismic Coulomb stress changes, figureFileSmall=E0CIICuwsWi4ltj7zsLexg==, figureFileBig=fj+0NqO21q8bHMGDxMAbwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976749838581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=图9, caption=同震库仑应力变化, figureFileSmall=E0CIICuwsWi4ltj7zsLexg==, figureFileBig=fj+0NqO21q8bHMGDxMAbwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916976829530358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The source parameters obtained from different research institutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源 震中位置 震源机制 矩震级MW
经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 深度/km 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°)
CENC 87.45 28.50 10 181 51 -81 7.1
348 40 -100
USGS 87.375 28.573 10 7.1 187 49 -78
349 42 -103
GCMT 87.47 28.56 12 173 48 -92 7.1
356 42 -88
GFZ 87.41 28.57 10 164 41 -102 7.1
0 49 -79
IPGP 87.361 28.639 14 196 44 -64 7.2
341 51 -113
), ArticleFig(id=1322916976896639223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916964221452443, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同科研机构得出的震源参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源 震中位置 震源机制 矩震级MW
经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 深度/km 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°)
CENC 87.45 28.50 10 181 51 -81 7.1
348 40 -100
USGS 87.375 28.573 10 7.1 187 49 -78
349 42 -103
GCMT 87.47 28.56 12 173 48 -92 7.1
356 42 -88
GFZ 87.41 28.57 10 164 41 -102 7.1
0 49 -79
IPGP 87.361 28.639 14 196 44 -64 7.2
341 51 -113
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融合InSAR与POT观测的定日MW7.1地震震源模型研究
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徐瑾 1, 2 , 葛诗杰 2 , 潘欣怡 2 , 白希选 3, * , 顾箭峰 3 , 张兵强 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(9): 1147-1155
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (9) : 1147 -1155
融合InSAR与POT观测的定日MW7.1地震震源模型研究
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徐瑾1, 2 , 葛诗杰2, 潘欣怡2, 白希选3, * , 顾箭峰3, 张兵强3
作者信息
  • 1 宁波工程学院人文与国际传播学院, 宁波, 315600
  • 2 宁海县应急管理研究中心, 宁波, 315600
  • 3 武汉工程大学土木工程与建筑学院, 武汉, 430074
通讯作者:
白希选,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为GNSS及InSAR地表形变测量,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐瑾,副教授,主要研究方向为地震次生灾害防治、InSAR观测技术及应急管理,E-mail:

Source Model of the 2025 Dingri MW7.1 Earthquake Based on InSAR and Pixel Offset Tracking Observations
Jin XU1, 2 , Shijie GE2, Xinyi PAN2, Xixuan BAI3, * , Jianfeng GU3, Bingqiang ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Humanities and International Communication, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315600, China
  • 2 Emergency Management Research Center of Ninghai County, Ningbo 315600, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.403
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基于Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨SAR数据,获取2025-01-07定日MW7.1地震的InSAR同震形变场及距离向像素偏移量;结合弹性半空间位错理论,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法与赤池-贝叶斯信息准则(ABIC)反演单断层和双断层滑动分布模型,并计算5 km、10 km和15 km深度处的静态库仑应力变化。结果表明,尽管利用像素偏移量追踪(POT)方法识别地表破裂轨迹确定的双断层模型粗糙度较高,但其在断层走向变化处能更精确地呈现地表破裂轨迹,模型对升降轨InSAR数据的拟合度分别达97.2%和96.5%,优于单断层模型的96.8%和95.9%;反演得到发震断层走向186°、倾角55°,同震滑动主要集中于断层北侧及两侧向中间过渡的次级滑动区,总释放地震矩6.12×1019 Nm(MW7.1);库仑应力扰动在断层两侧整体减小,而断层南部15 km深度处应力增高区域与余震分布高度重合,表明该处应力易于由余震释放;断层南北端不同深度亦呈局部应力增加,应作为未来研究重点,并为地震地质灾害风险防控提供依据。

定日地震  /  InSAR  /  POT  /  震源模型反演  /  库仑应力变化

Based on Sentinel-1A ascending and descending SAR data, the co-seismic InSAR deformation field and range-direction pixel offset of the January 7, 2025, MW7.1 Dingri earthquake were obtained. Combined with elastic half-space dislocation theory, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the Akaike-Bayesian information criterion (ABIC) were used to invert single- and double-fault slip distribution models. Static Coulomb stress changes at depths of 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km were also calculated. The results show that although the double-fault model, constrained by surface rupture traces identified via the pixel offset tracking (POT) method, exhibits higher roughness, it more accurately reproduces the surface rupture trajectory at fault strike variations. The double-fault model achieved fitting accuracies of 97.2% and 96.5% for ascending and descending InSAR data, respectively, outperforming the single-fault model (96.8%/95.9%). The inverted seismogenic fault has a strike of 186° and a dip angle of 55°, with co-seismic slip mainly concentrated in the northern section and a secondary slip core between the two fault strands. The total seismic moment released was 6.12×1019 Nm (MW7.1). Coulomb stress perturbations generally decreased on both sides of the fault, while stress increased at a depth of 15 km in the southern segment, showing strong spatial correlation with aftershock distribution, indicating that stress in this region is prone to release through aftershocks. Local stress increases were also observed at different depths near the northern and southern ends of the fault, which should be key areas for future research.

Dingri earthquake  /  InSAR  /  POT  /  source model inversion  /  Coulomb stress change
徐瑾, 葛诗杰, 潘欣怡, 白希选, 顾箭峰, 张兵强. 融合InSAR与POT观测的定日MW7.1地震震源模型研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (9) : 1147 -1155 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.403
Jin XU, Shijie GE, Xinyi PAN, Xixuan BAI, Jianfeng GU, Bingqiang ZHANG. Source Model of the 2025 Dingri MW7.1 Earthquake Based on InSAR and Pixel Offset Tracking Observations[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (9) : 1147 -1155 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.403
据中国地震台网测定,2025-01-07西藏日喀则市定日县(28.5°N,87.45°E)发生MW7.1地震,震源深度为10 km,截至2025-01-20共记录余震4 312次,余震序列与地表破裂走向接近一致,整体呈NS向分布,震源深度主要集中在4~17 km之间[1]。地震发生后,各科研机构与学者基于多源观测数据及不同方法对本次地震的震源机制进行了研究,普遍认为本次地震为典型的正断型地震,但关于发震断层几何与滑动分布的研究结果存在显著差异(表 1)。
本次地震发生在青藏高原中南部拉萨地块的丁木错断裂带,该区域2016—2020年发生5级以上地震3次,最近为2020-03-20的MW5.7地震,震中位于28.63°N、87.42°E,震源深度为12.0 km[2-3]。2次地震事件的震中距不足20 km,表明本次地震发震区域周边地震活动频繁,对其震源机制及区域构造应力进行深入研究,有助于理解青藏高原中南部断层系统的构造活动特征及伸展运动变形机制,为青藏高原南部强震风险研判及地质灾害防治提供依据。
20世纪90年代初,合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术被首次应用于Landers地震以获取同震形变[4]。此后,InSAR技术迅猛发展,并在研究同震形变及震源机制、同震滑动分布反演等领域被广泛应用[5-8],极大促进了相关领域的研究进展。地震活动常伴随滑坡、崩塌等次生地质灾害的发生,尤其对高山区乡村聚落及基础设施安全影响显著,因此开展同震形变与区域构造应力变化研究对乡村地质灾害风险识别具有重要意义。本文利用Sentinel-1A SAR影像获取发震区域同震形变场,基于弹性半空间位错理论与粒子群算法反演得到震源参数及同震滑动分布,并基于静态库仑破裂准则计算研究区不同深度处的库仑应力变化趋势,为未来区域地震危险性评估提供一定依据。
印度板块以40~50 mm/a的速度向欧亚板块持续挤压俯冲[9],驱动了青藏高原的隆升与构造变形。在此构造动力的作用下,青藏高原自西南向东北形成喜马拉雅地体、拉萨地体、羌塘地体等构造地体。其中,喜马拉雅地体处于板块交界前缘,受板块边界挤压,形成明显褶皱与逆冲型断裂带,通过雅鲁藏布江缝合带与拉萨地块相邻。在南北向挤压以及高原内部隆升的构造背景下,拉萨地块内构造运动以东西向伸展运动为主,其断裂带特征及地震事件以正断型为主[10]。板块持续挤压作用导致拉萨地体显现地壳缩短与增厚,进而使地壳在重力作用下发生塌陷,形成一系列近NS走向、平行展布的正断型裂谷系[11]。
本次地震发震区域位于拉萨地体近EW向伸展变形区的申扎-定结裂谷南段,如图 1(a)中黄色矩形框所示,申扎-定结裂谷长约350 km,整体走向为N20°E,依据裂谷几何特征将其大致分为南、北两段。震中及余震分布位于裂谷南段的丁木错断裂上,如图 1(b)所示,不同大小的彩色球表示不同震级的余震,颜色表示其发震深度。该断裂带为全新世活动断裂,全长约60 km,走向大致呈SN向。前期地质研究指出,该断裂带倾角为56°~68°,沿EW向的伸展速率约为4~5 mm/a,晚更新世以来的垂直活动速率小于1 mm/a[12-13]。
通过欧洲空间局获取覆盖2025年定日地震C波段(波长约5.6 cm)Sentinel-1A升降轨卫星雷达影像进行差分干涉处理,得到本次地震的视线(LOS)向同震地表形变,影像覆盖范围见图 1。使用GMTSAR软件[14, 18]进行数据处理,使用SRTM的30 m空间分辨率DEM数据[19-20]消除地形效应;根据定日地震前期应急调查及相关研究[21-22],本次地震产生了显著的地表破裂及断层相对位错,升轨LOS向位移最大可达-1.5 m。因此,采用网络流算法进行相位解缠[23],并设置60°~80°的相位最大不连续值进行解缠[24],以允许相位解缠过程中断层两侧存在相应量级的相对位错值,最终选取解缠值稳定的LOS向地表形变场作为约束进行后续反演。此外,由于发震断层地表破裂轨迹形变量级较大且破碎程度高,C波段雷达影像在地表破裂带局部相干性较低,在相位解缠时将相干性阈值设置为0.3,对小于此值的数据作掩膜处理,以削弱观测误差对反演精度造成的影响。
由图 2可知,本次西藏定日地震垂直地表破裂轨迹(EW向)具备显著干涉条纹的形变区域范围约80 km,沿地表破裂轨迹约60 km,相位解缠后的升轨LOS向形变值在-1.42~0.31 m之间,降轨形变值在-1.14~0.96 m之间。通过对比分析升降轨同震地表形变发现,降轨断层地表破裂轨迹两侧形变量级相对较为接近,推断是因为破裂断层的整体走向与SAR卫星运行轨道方向接近,在进行非线性反演震源参数时,将发震断层的走向初始值及搜索区间设置为接近降轨卫星飞行轨道的值。本次地震的升降轨同震形变表明,其为典型的正断型地震,且走向趋近于降轨卫星轨道。
以升降轨Sentinel-1A影像获取的LOS向InSAR同震形变场为约束,基于弹性半空间位错理论[25],使用PSOKINV软件包对本次定日地震进行震源机制及同震滑动分布模型反演[26-27]。通过Sentinel-1A SAR影像获取的同震形变场观测数据具有高空间分辨率,其相邻值具有高空间相关性。因此,为充分利用InSAR形变数据,并提高震源模型反演的计算效率,首先利用四叉树算法对初始InSAR同震形变观测值进行降采样处理[28]。该方法可对形变量级与形变值变化梯度较大的区域进行密集采样,同时对远场形变量级较小的区域保留较少的有效数据,以提高反演计算效率并削弱远场噪声的影响。降采样后,升轨形变场得到2 128个有效数据,降轨形变场得到2 294个有效数据。
由表 1可知,本次地震发生在走向近SN、倾角约为40°~50°的断裂带上。同时,InSAR同震形变场也证实,此次地震的地表破裂轨迹为近SN向。本文采用两步法策略进行反演,并采用赤池-贝叶斯信息准则(ABIC)搜索最优倾角[27],具体步骤如下:
1) 假设地表变形由弹性半空间体中均匀滑动的矩形断层引起,通过观测值与模拟值之间的最小平方失配确定该均匀断层的空间几何参数与滑动量。反演均匀断层参数时,设泊松比为0.25,剪切模量为3.23×1010 Pa,结合各机构给出的震源参数及本文处理得到的发震区域LOS向同震形变,设定走向的搜索区间为160°~210°,断层滑动角及倾角的搜索区间分别设置为-35°~-135°和35°~80°,断层顶部埋深根据相应震级引起的地表形变量级设置为0~15 km,由于同震形变地表影响范围较大,断层长度、宽度的搜索区间分别设置为0~40 km、0~30 km。采用非线性反演方法的本质是在高维参数空间中寻找一组能使模拟形变场与InSAR观测形变场之间失配度(如残差平方和)最小的模型参数。鉴于参数空间可能存在多个极值点,传统的局部搜索算法(如最速下降法)易陷入局部最优解。因此,基于上述参数设置,选用具有全局搜索能力的多峰值粒子群(MPSO)算法[26]进行非线性反演;之后使用蒙特卡洛相关噪声模拟得到断层最优几何参数及其统计误差,结果见图 3。
本文以InSAR形变场为约束,均匀滑动反演得到的结果与CENC和USGS给出的震源机制相近,初步表明本次地震事件是发震断层为近SN走向的正断型地震。
2) 在确定均匀断层空间几何参数的基础上,反演断层面精细滑动分布。首先将均匀滑动反演得到的断层面扩展为长100 km、宽30 km的断层面,确保其包含整个同震滑动区域;之后将其离散为1 km×1 km的子断层,所有离散子断层走向设置与均匀断层一致,固定为186°。由于本次地震产生了显著的地表破裂,因而将扩展、离散后的断层面顶部埋深设置为0。基于弹性位错理论,计算均匀弹性半空间体中每个离散子断层的滑动分量。为避免各个离散子断层间的滑动值振荡,确保相邻子断层间的滑动值具有一定连续性,引入平滑因子进行约束[28]。此外,由于原均匀断层面扩展并离散后,其子断层能够反映更为精细的滑动分布与地表形变模拟值,其最佳倾角往往也会变化,采用ABIC方法在模拟所有子断层滑动分量时搜索最优倾角,最终在55°倾角下获得本次反演的最优滑动面,同震滑动分布见图 4。可以看出,发震断层两侧存在向中间挤压的滑动趋势,核心滑动区域的子断层滑动角整体约为-70°~-110°。同震滑动表明,本次地震为典型的正断型地震,震中位于申扎-定结裂谷南段的丁木错断裂,离散断层面滑动释放的总地震矩为6.12×1019 Nm,相当于矩震级MW7.1。
本次地震发震区域地表破裂轨迹相对位错大且破碎程度较高,导致InSAR干涉图中近断层区域失相干极为严重,无法通过InSAR干涉图与解缠后的LOS向形变精确解译地表同震破裂轨迹。然而通过像素偏移量追踪方法可以避免SAR影像在近断层区域失相干造成的误差,因此对升轨SAR影像的像素偏移量进行计算。SAR卫星在距离向具有更高的分辨率,通常距离向像素偏移量噪声远低于方位向,因而采用距离向像素偏移量进行相关研究, 计算得到的像素偏移量见图 5。本次地震事件发震断层为正断型,沿方位向同震位移量较小,且利用POT技术获取的方位向偏移量噪声相对较大,导致图 5(b)中方位向形变信息不明显。由于距离向位移量大且分辨率高,图 5(a)中像素偏移量显著,LOS向形变幅值达到2.5 m并展现出显著的发震断层地表破裂轨迹。通过POT技术得出的距离向形变幅值与部分学者通过现场地质考察及遥感观测得出的研究结果[13, 21]接近,可以验证本文方法的正确性。
降轨距离向像素偏移量表明,断层地表破裂轨迹自北向南延伸时走向发生了显著变化。为削弱InSAR形变场近断层失相干造成的影响,首先根据地表像素偏移轨迹确定发震断层的走向及地表位置,划分不同走向的2个子断层并反演其同震滑动分布,其中北部分支走向为177°,南部分支走向为186°;之后以InSAR形变场为约束进行同震滑动分布反演,划分离散子断层时,自地表沿断层面倾向方向采用缩放因子使单个离散子断层面的面积沿深部逐渐扩大,在保证浅部核心滑动区域具有足够密集子断层的同时提高反演效率。双断层模型同震滑动分布见图 6和7,可以看出,其整体滑动趋势及核心滑动区域分布状态与单断层模型的同震滑动分布相近。
单断层模型及双断层模型同震滑动分布反演完成后,分别基于2个离散子断层组成的同震滑动分布模型正演模拟观测值,并通过观测值与模拟值拟合度及残差均方根(RMS)等参数判断模拟值的匹配度。2个断层模型对应的观测值、模拟值及残差见图 8,红色实线为断层地表破裂轨迹,其中基于单断层模型的升降轨观测值与模拟值拟合度分别为96.8%和95.9%,对应残差为0.691和0.714;基于双断层模型的升降轨观测值与模拟值拟合度分别为97.2%和96.5%,对应残差为0.632和0.684。
单断层模型仅以InSAR形变场数据约束反演得出的均匀滑动断层空间几何参数为基础,拓展并离散断层面进行精细滑动分布反演,虽未考虑同震地表破裂走向变换,导致破裂轨迹精度受到一定影响,但整个断层面具有较好的连续性,有利于增大模拟值与观测值的拟合度。双断层模型基于POT方法获取的距离向像素偏移量直接确定地表破裂轨迹的位置,避免了InSAR同震形变场近断层失相干造成的影响,但走向变化节点处的离散子断层存在一定不连续性,导致模型粗糙度增加。尽管如此,其观测值与模拟值拟合度整体略高于单断层模型,证明了通过精确地表破裂轨迹确定的断层模型更加符合变形规律。
将本文InSAR形变观测值与模拟值以及地面台站形变值进行对比。距离本次地震最近的XZZF台站水平向位移约为4 cm[29-31],以升轨形变场为例,计算得到研究区InSAR形变场的平均入射角为39°,方位角取-102°,对该点附近LOS向形变取平均值并投影至EW向后, 形变约为-4.6 cm。此外,2个断层模型反演得到的同震滑动分布虽在细节上有所差别,但反映出的滑动分布规律较为接近,2个断层模型的滑动分布都在断层面北侧存在一个次级滑动核心,且都存在一定的两侧向中间挤压的趋势,这与部分学者提出的发震区域在应力构造背景下受两侧挤压及局部拉张的应力构造环境吻合[1, 3, 12-13]。因此,单断层与双断层模型都能在一定程度上客观地反映发震构造。
地质调查表明,本次地震发震构造位于青藏高原南部申扎-定结裂谷南段的丁木错断裂[3],基于POT方法得到的双断层模型精确地表破裂轨迹与现场调查结果吻合度更高,其滑动分布模型的模拟值与观测值拟合度也高于单断层模型。
库仑应力通常作为构造应力作用下断层是否达到破裂程度的依据[32],同震引起的断层相对位错往往会造成库仑应力剧烈变化。在地震学领域,库仑应力多被应用于判断强震与其余震的触发关系以及评估区域地震危险性[33-35]。本文分别利用2个断层模型,基于Coulomb 3.3软件[34-35]计算本次地震引起的不同深度处库仑应力扰动。考虑到余震主要分布于4~17 km深度[1],主要计算5 km、10 km、15 km深度的库仑应力扰动,泊松比设置为0.25,有效摩擦系数设置为0.4[32]。
从图 9可以看出,在单断层模型中,发震断层东西两侧不同深度处静态库仑应力均整体下降,15 km深度处沿发震断层面区域南侧应力呈上升趋势,通过与图 1(b)余震分布对比发现,该区域与部分余震发震位置重合,判断此部分应力一定程度上由余震释放;在双断层模型中,库仑应力变化趋势整体相近,15 km深度处沿断层面南部的应力增加范围大于单断层模型,但由于该区域在震后13 d内定位到大量余震活动,发震危险性较低。此外,发震断层两端均在不同深度处整体呈应力上升趋势,该区域无显著的余震活动,未来应关注断层南北端部区域的地震危险性。
1) 2025年定日MW7.1地震InSAR同震形变场掩膜近断层失相干区域后,升轨视线向形变范围在-1.42~0.31 m之间,降轨视线向形变范围在-1.14~0.96 m之间;升轨距离向像素偏移量在断层附近最大可达2.5 m,并能识别出发震断层的地表破裂轨迹。
2) 结合弹性半空间位错理论,运用PSO与ABIC方法分别反演了单断层与双断层滑动分布模型。单断层反演结果显示发震断层走向为186°、倾角为55°,同震滑动主要集中于断层北侧及两侧向中间的次级滑动核心区,总释放地震矩6.12×1019 Nm(MW7.1)。双断层模型虽然导致断层面粗糙度略高,但在断层走向变化节点处能更准确地重现地表破裂走向,其对升降轨InSAR数据的拟合度(97.2%、96.5%)略优于单断层模型(96.8%、95.9%)。
3) 通过计算静态库仑应力变化发现,同震引起的库仑应力在断层东西两侧整体减小,而在断层南部15 km深度处出现显著应力增加(>0.1 bar),该区与密集的余震活动高度重合,表明此处的应力积累已主要通过余震序列得到释放。相比之下,在断层南北两端,库仑应力在各深度均呈现超过0.1 bar的局部增加,且这些区域在震后13 d内记录的余震稀疏,构成了典型的应力影区。根据库仑破裂准则,这些应力加载显著而又未被充分释放的区域,未来具备发生中强地震的潜在风险,同时可能诱发滑坡、崩塌等山区次生地质灾害,需加强灾害监测与风险防控。
  • 浙江省自然资源科技项目(2023-72)
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2026年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.403
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
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浙江省自然资源科技项目(2023-72)
作者信息
    1 宁波工程学院人文与国际传播学院, 宁波, 315600
    2 宁海县应急管理研究中心, 宁波, 315600
    3 武汉工程大学土木工程与建筑学院, 武汉, 430074

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白希选,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为GNSS及InSAR地表形变测量,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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