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Article(id=1322916745127797298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916705915249052, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.387, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762790400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337530643, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337530643, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337530643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337530643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916705915249052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='790', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337521294, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337521294, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=868, endPage=874, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916746750992947, articleId=1322916745127797298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Crustal Deformation Characteristics and Mechanisms before and after Impoundment of Wudongde Reservoir on Jinsha River, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on three periods of crustal deformation monitoring data from 2018 to 2020 of Wudongde reservoir on the lower reaches of Jinsha River in China, we study the crustal deformation characteristics and mechanisms before and after reservoir impoundment. The results show that: 1) Reservoir impoundment has a significant impact on crustal deformation in the impoundment area, but has a weak impact on crustal deformation in the non-impoundment area. 2) Reservoir impoundment causes a crustal relative uplift in the impoundment area, which generally exceeds 10 mm and the maximum value exceeds 30 mm. 3) Reservoir impoundment induces a tensile strain towards both banks in the impoundment area, which generally exceeds 5 mm and the maximum value exceeds 10 mm. 4) Reservoir impoundment causes a noticeable increase in gravity values in the impoundment area, which generally exceeds 200 μGal and reaches 900 μGal in some local areas. 5) The increase of water mass and the rise of pore water pressure in the rock layers on both banks after reservoir impoundment may be the main reason for the crustal deformation of Wudongde reservoir. 6) The findings of this study differ from the crustal deformation results caused by the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, which has an important reference significance for understanding the characteristics and deformation mechanisms of crustal deformation caused by reservoir impoundment.

, authors=Xiao TIAN1, Jinzhao LIU1, Wenlong LIU1, authorsList=Xiao TIAN, Jinzhao LIU, Wenlong LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916756007821889, articleId=1322916745127797298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=金沙江乌东德水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于中国金沙江下游乌东德水库2018-2020年3期地壳形变监测资料, 研究水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理。结果表明: 1)水库蓄水对蓄水区地壳形变影响显著, 对非蓄水区地壳形变影响微弱; 2)水库蓄水引起蓄水区地壳相对上升, 上升量普遍超过10 mm, 最大上升量超过30 mm; 3)水库蓄水引起蓄水区向两岸拉张变化, 拉张量普遍超过5 mm, 最大拉张量超过10 mm; 4)水库蓄水引起蓄水区重力值显著增大, 增大量普遍超过200 μGal, 局部地区达900 μGal; 5)蓄水后江水质量增加, 两岸岩层孔隙水压增大可能是导致乌东德水库地壳形变的主要原因; 6)本文研究结果与三峡水库蓄水对地壳形变影响结果有所不同, 对认识水库蓄水引起地壳形变特征及机理具有重要参考意义。

, authors=田晓1, 刘金钊1, 刘文龙1, authorsList=田晓, 刘金钊, 刘文龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

田晓, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为地壳形变监测与数据处理, E-mail:

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红色箭头表示上升; 蓝色箭头表示下降

, figureFileSmall=wbU4QGVuGjbrNYfSbcOW6w==, figureFileBig=gvWFF0AdqF6odRvkZ1z0qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916762668376673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916745127797298, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Horizontal deformation results before and after impoundment of Wudongde reservoir, figureFileSmall=uIcviamrsYk1vdmu2KzoOw==, figureFileBig=wLjJ5wtZv8v1nQPnRdhIXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916764392235619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916745127797298, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乌东德水库蓄水前后水平形变结果

红色箭头表示拉张(边长伸长); 蓝色箭头表示挤压(边长缩短)

, figureFileSmall=uIcviamrsYk1vdmu2KzoOw==, figureFileBig=wLjJ5wtZv8v1nQPnRdhIXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916764803277412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916745127797298, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Gravity change results before and after impoundment of Wudongde reservoir, figureFileSmall=7tYpRakpBJ5nelbPLh4V0A==, figureFileBig=4lFqCppNJXQ+MI1pjK9GKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916765218513511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916745127797298, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乌东德水库蓄水前后重力变化结果

红色箭头表示重力值增大; 蓝色箭头表示重力值减小

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Adjustment results of the monitoring data

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蓄水状态 监测期数 监测时间 水准网单位权中误差/mm 河门口谷宽单位权中误差/mm 猪拱地谷宽单位权中误差/mm 重力点值平均精度/μGal
蓄水前 第2期 2018-11 0.78 1.37 0.61 12.8
第3期 2019-11 0.49 0.21 0.03 12.8
蓄水后 第4期 2020-11 1.35 0.47 0.79 8.6
), ArticleFig(id=1322916768691397229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916745127797298, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

监测数据平差结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蓄水状态 监测期数 监测时间 水准网单位权中误差/mm 河门口谷宽单位权中误差/mm 猪拱地谷宽单位权中误差/mm 重力点值平均精度/μGal
蓄水前 第2期 2018-11 0.78 1.37 0.61 12.8
第3期 2019-11 0.49 0.21 0.03 12.8
蓄水后 第4期 2020-11 1.35 0.47 0.79 8.6
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金沙江乌东德水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理
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田晓 1 , 刘金钊 1 , 刘文龙 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(7): 868-874
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (7) : 868 -874
金沙江乌东德水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理
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田晓1 , 刘金钊1, 刘文龙1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局第一监测中心, 天津, 300180
作者简介:

田晓, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为地壳形变监测与数据处理, E-mail:

Crustal Deformation Characteristics and Mechanisms before and after Impoundment of Wudongde Reservoir on Jinsha River
Xiao TIAN1 , Jinzhao LIU1, Wenlong LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1 The First Monitoring and Application Center, CEA, Tianjin 300180, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.387
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基于中国金沙江下游乌东德水库2018-2020年3期地壳形变监测资料, 研究水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理。结果表明: 1)水库蓄水对蓄水区地壳形变影响显著, 对非蓄水区地壳形变影响微弱; 2)水库蓄水引起蓄水区地壳相对上升, 上升量普遍超过10 mm, 最大上升量超过30 mm; 3)水库蓄水引起蓄水区向两岸拉张变化, 拉张量普遍超过5 mm, 最大拉张量超过10 mm; 4)水库蓄水引起蓄水区重力值显著增大, 增大量普遍超过200 μGal, 局部地区达900 μGal; 5)蓄水后江水质量增加, 两岸岩层孔隙水压增大可能是导致乌东德水库地壳形变的主要原因; 6)本文研究结果与三峡水库蓄水对地壳形变影响结果有所不同, 对认识水库蓄水引起地壳形变特征及机理具有重要参考意义。

乌东德水库  /  蓄水  /  地壳形变  /  变形机理

Based on three periods of crustal deformation monitoring data from 2018 to 2020 of Wudongde reservoir on the lower reaches of Jinsha River in China, we study the crustal deformation characteristics and mechanisms before and after reservoir impoundment. The results show that: 1) Reservoir impoundment has a significant impact on crustal deformation in the impoundment area, but has a weak impact on crustal deformation in the non-impoundment area. 2) Reservoir impoundment causes a crustal relative uplift in the impoundment area, which generally exceeds 10 mm and the maximum value exceeds 30 mm. 3) Reservoir impoundment induces a tensile strain towards both banks in the impoundment area, which generally exceeds 5 mm and the maximum value exceeds 10 mm. 4) Reservoir impoundment causes a noticeable increase in gravity values in the impoundment area, which generally exceeds 200 μGal and reaches 900 μGal in some local areas. 5) The increase of water mass and the rise of pore water pressure in the rock layers on both banks after reservoir impoundment may be the main reason for the crustal deformation of Wudongde reservoir. 6) The findings of this study differ from the crustal deformation results caused by the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, which has an important reference significance for understanding the characteristics and deformation mechanisms of crustal deformation caused by reservoir impoundment.

Wudongde reservoir  /  impoundment  /  crustal deformation  /  deformation mechanism
田晓, 刘金钊, 刘文龙. 金沙江乌东德水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (7) : 868 -874 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.387
Xiao TIAN, Jinzhao LIU, Wenlong LIU. Crustal Deformation Characteristics and Mechanisms before and after Impoundment of Wudongde Reservoir on Jinsha River[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (7) : 868 -874 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.387
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在大型水电站建设过程中，地壳形变监测已成为一项必不可少的监测内容，是大坝安全建设及建后稳定运行的重要保证[1]。目前，地壳形变监测已被应用于国内多个大型水电站的建设过程，其中长江三峡水电站和金沙江下游乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝4个梯级水电站都是典型代表[1-4]。许多学者利用水库周边的地壳形变监测数据研究水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征。杜瑞林等[5-7]对三峡水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征进行研究，结果显示蓄水后库区垂直方向沉降幅度为30~40 mm，水平形变变化不大。尚红等[3]分析向家坝水库蓄水前地壳形变特征发现，库区蓄水前垂直方向变化比较稳定，基本在±3 mm以内；水平方向形变指向江心，变化幅度约5 mm。田晓等[2]分析了白鹤滩和乌东德水库蓄水前地壳形变特征发现，垂直方向和水平方向变化均相对稳定，量值基本在5 mm和2 mm范围内。此外，部分学者利用其他数据分析了水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征。尹财等[8]利用遥感影像数据，通过负荷格林函数积分模型计算了三峡水库蓄水过程对地壳形变的影响，结果显示水库蓄水造成地壳垂直形变最大沉降量可达35 mm左右，水平形变指向江心，影响不超过0.5 mm。胡腾等[9]利用有限元模型分析了三峡水库蓄水后地壳形变特征，所得结论与GPS观测结果一致，沉降量为35~40 mm。
虽然前人对三峡水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征开展过大量研究[5-11]，但对其他典型水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及机理的研究相对较少。不同水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征是否完全一致值得深入研究。乌东德水电站是金沙江下游4个梯级水电站的第一梯级，是中国第四、世界第七大水电站，也是一座千万千瓦级巨型水电站[12]。乌东德水库地壳形变监测结果是国内大型水电站建设过程中最新的监测结果，研究乌东德水库蓄水对地壳形变的影响，对认识水库蓄水引起地壳形变的特征及其变形机理具有重要参考意义。
1 资料背景
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乌东德水电站位于四川省会东县与云南省禄劝县交界的金沙江干流上，坝址所在地属高山峡谷地貌，河谷两岸地形陡峻，岩石完整，谷坡基本对称，呈狭窄的“V”形，坝顶高程988 m，最大坝高270 m，正常蓄水位975 m，总库容74.08亿m3，总装机容量10 200 MW，是实施“西电东送”的国家重大工程[13-14]。2017-09乌东德水库地壳形变监测网(图 1)布设完成，包括一个水准重力综合监测网和两个谷宽监测网，用于获取水库蓄水前后库区垂直形变场、水平形变场及重力场的变化信息。2018-03、2018-11和2019-11完成水库蓄水前的3期地壳形变监测。2020-01水库开始蓄水，水位由830 m快速抬升至895 m，2020-05水位继续抬升至945 m，2020-08水位抬升至965 m。2020-11完成水库第4期(蓄水后第1期)地壳形变监测。由于水库第1期地壳形变监测时间与第2、3、4期处于不同季节，为排除地壳形变的季节性影响，本文采用乌东德水库第2、3、4期地壳形变监测资料研究水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征。
2 数据和处理方法
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2.1 水准监测
水准监测采用Trimble DINI03电子水准仪，仪器精度为0.3 mm/km。野外监测严格执行《国家一、二等水准测量规范》[15]中的一等水准测量标准。水准监测可获得水库蓄水前后垂直形变特征。数据处理时，首先对野外测得的各期水准高差进行标尺长度改正、正常水准面不平行改正及重力异常改正，然后对改正后的高差进行水准网平差。平差方法采用间接平差法[16]，以形变监测网最下游、远离大坝和库区、稳定性较好、周边无干扰源影响且易于长期保存的50 m深稳定基岩点为基准点(假定高程为0)，以结点间观测高差为元素，按测段距离倒数定权，得到各测段的平差后高差和各水准点的平差后相对高程。每期水准网平差后单位权中误差见表 1。
2.2 谷宽监测
谷宽监测采用Leica TS60全站仪，仪器精度为0.6 mm+1 ppm。野外监测严格执行《DI2002测距仪距离测量技术规定》要求。谷宽监测可获得水库蓄水前后水平形变特征。数据处理时，首先对野外获得的经气象改正的倾斜边长进行加乘常数改正，然后将倾斜边长归算到投影面(大地四边形坐标基准点高程面)上，获得投影面上的水平边长，最后对水平边长进行测边网平差。平差方法采用间接平差法[16]，以大地四边形某一点为基准点(假定横纵坐标均为0)，得到谷宽网的平差后水平边长和各监测点的平差后相对坐标。每期谷宽网平差后单位权中误差见表 1。
2.3 重力监测
重力监测采用Scintrex CG-5相对重力仪，仪器精度为5 μGal。野外监测严格执行《地震重力测量规范》要求。重力监测可获得水库蓄水前后重力变化特征。数据处理时，首先对野外获得的重力监测资料进行格值转换、固体潮改正、仪器高改正、气压改正及漂移改正，然后对改正后的观测值进行重力网平差。平差方法采用经典平差法，以距离库区40 km的远场稳定重力点为基准点(假定重力值为0)，以结点间重力段差为观测值，得到各重力点的平差后相对重力值。每期重力网平差后点值平均精度见表 1。
3 结果
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3.1 水库蓄水前后垂直形变特征
利用各水准监测点相邻两期相对高程的变化量可获得水库蓄水前后垂直形变特征。图 2为乌东德水库蓄水前后垂直形变结果。由图可知，水库蓄水前，非蓄水区(大坝下游地区)垂直方向相对稳定，蓄水区(大坝上游地区)总体表现为相对下沉(图 2(a))，但不同区域下沉量相对均匀，且量值较小，为2~6 mm。水库蓄水后，非蓄水区垂直方向仍相对稳定，蓄水区总体表现为相对上升(图 2(b))，且不同区域上升量差异较大，其中远离坝区的左岸(水流方向左边)地区上升量为12~15 mm，而猪拱地谷宽左岸两个测点上升尤为明显，量值达到32 mm，其他地区上升量基本在5~9 mm之间。
3.2 水库蓄水前后水平形变特征
利用各谷宽监测边相邻两期相对边长的变化量可获得水库蓄水前后水平形变特征。图 3为乌东德水库蓄水前后水平形变结果, 由图可知，水库蓄水前，河门口谷宽网和猪拱地谷宽网水平方向各边长均相对稳定(图 3(b))，变化量小于2.5 mm; 水库蓄水后，两个谷宽网水平方向各边长变化量差异较大，总体来说，同岸边长变化量较小，跨江边长变化量较大(图 3(c))。从垂直于金沙江的水平方向来看，两个谷宽网均表现为向两岸拉张变化(边长伸长)，其中河门口谷宽网拉张量约为7 mm，猪拱地谷宽网拉张量约为12 mm。
3.3 水库蓄水前后重力变化特征
利用各重力监测点相邻两期相对重力值的变化量可获得水库蓄水前后重力变化特征。图 4为乌东德水库蓄水前后重力变化结果。由图可知，水库蓄水前，整个库区重力场相对稳定(图 4(a))，各观测点重力值变化量均在±20 μGal以内。水库蓄水后，非蓄水区重力场仍相对稳定，蓄水区重力值显著增大(图 4(b))，增大量普遍超过200 μGal，局部地区达到900 μGal，且距离岸边越近，重力值增大越明显。
4 讨论
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4.1 水库蓄水前后垂直形变与水平形变机理分析
在垂直形变与水平形变方面，本文研究结果显示，乌东德水库蓄水引起蓄水区垂直方向相对上升，上升量普遍超过10 mm。同时，水库蓄水引起蓄水区水平方向产生拉张变化，拉张量普遍超过5 mm。分析认为，由于蓄水后水位上升，峡谷两侧岩层孔隙水压增大，导致两岸地壳向上挤压引起上升变化，同时江水向两侧挤压增强，引起两岸产生一定程度的拉张变化(图 5)。其中, 猪拱地谷宽网左岸两测点上升尤为明显，量值达到32 mm，同时拉张量超过10 mm，主要与该谷宽网距离大坝较近，且测点位于山坡位置，离水面较近，受水位上升影响较大有关[6-7]。
对比其他研究结果发现，乌东德水库蓄水引起的垂直形变和水平形变特征与三峡水库蓄水引起的垂直形变和水平形变特征有所不同。三峡水库蓄水后垂直形变表现为下沉[5-9]，沉降量为35~40 mm，水平形变表现为向江心挤压[8]，变化量值不超过0.5 mm；而乌东德水库蓄水后垂直形变表现为上升，水平形变表现为向两岸拉张。分析认为，这可能与库区地质环境不同有关，也是本文后续需要进一步研究的内容和方向。此外，Chen等[17]研究发现，青海湖水位上升导致周边地壳垂直方向上升变化，与本文研究的乌东德水库蓄水引起库区地壳形变上升变化的特征一致。
本文搜集到乌东德水库蓄水前后各2 a的地震目录，地震分布如图 6所示。可以看出，蓄水前后乌东德库区周边微小地震数量发生明显变化，尤其是距大坝约40 km的蓄水区两岸(四川省会理市芭蕉乡和云南省禄劝县大松树乡一带)在蓄水前2 a未发生地震，而在蓄水后2 a小震(3.0级以下)数量显著增加，且较为集中。说明水库蓄水导致岩层孔隙水压变化，从而诱发小震。该结果与郭伟等[18]研究的白鹤滩水库蓄水前后地震活动特征一致。
4.2 水库蓄水前后重力变化机理分析
在重力变化方面，本文研究结果显示，乌东德水库蓄水引起蓄水区重力值显著增大，增大量普遍超过200 μGal，局部地区达到900 μGal。分析认为，由于水库蓄水，水位抬升超过100 m，江水质量显著增加，导致各测点下方等效质量显著增加，而测点重力值可以直接反映地下质量的变化，因此各测点重力值显著增大。通过对比发现，乌东德水库蓄水引起的重力变化与三峡水库蓄水引起的重力变化具有相同特征[10]。
5 结语
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利用乌东德水库2018—2020年3期地壳形变监测资料研究水库蓄水前后地壳形变特征及其变形机理，得到以下结论：
1) 水库蓄水对蓄水区地壳形变影响明显，对非蓄水区地壳形变影响微弱。
2) 垂直形变方面，水库蓄水引起蓄水区地壳相对上升，最大上升量为32 mm，远离坝区的左岸地区上升量为12~15 mm，其他地区上升量基本在5~9 mm之间。
3) 水平形变方面，水库蓄水引起蓄水区向两岸拉张变化，其中河门口谷宽网拉张量约为7 mm，猪拱地谷宽网拉张量约为12 mm。
4) 重力变化方面，水库蓄水引起蓄水区重力值显著增大，增大量普遍超过200 μGal，局部地区达到900 μGal。
5) 变形机理方面，水库蓄水引起蓄水区地壳变形，主要原因为蓄水后水位上升，峡谷两侧岩层孔隙水压增大，导致两岸地壳向上挤压引起上升变化，同时江水向两侧挤压增强，引起两岸产生一定程度的拉张变化；另外，水位上升导致各测点下方等效质量显著增加，重力值显著增大。
6) 本文研究结果与三峡水库有所不同，对认识水库蓄水引起地壳形变特征及其变形机理具有重要参考意义。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(42574010)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42574020)
  • 中国地震局地震监测预警业务骨干专项(CEA-JCYJ-202502028)
文献
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2026年第46卷第7期
27
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.387
  • 接收时间：2025-11-11
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-11-11
基金
国家自然科学基金(42574010)
国家自然科学基金(42574020)
中国地震局地震监测预警业务骨干专项(CEA-JCYJ-202502028)
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    1 中国地震局第一监测中心, 天津, 300180
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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