Article(id=1322916834411946822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916705915249052, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.372, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337551929, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337551929, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337551929, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337551929, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916705915249052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='790', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337521294, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337521294, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=851, endPage=858, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916835720569671, articleId=1322916834411946822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal Variations of the b-Value in the Wuhan-Ezhou- Huanggang-Huangshi Metropolitan Area and Their Implications for Moderate-Strong Earthquakes, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the earthquake catalog data from 1970 to 2025 for the Wuhan-Ezhou-Huanggang-Huangshi metropolitan area and its adjacent regions, the b-value was calculated using the maximum likelihood method. Leveraging the negative correlation between the b-value and differential stress, the stress state and seismic hazard of fault zones were analyzed in the context of the tectonic setting. The results indicate that: 1) The temporal evolution of b-values in the study area reveals a seismogenic process of "balanced accumulation-localized concentration-energy release-re-accumulation". Specifically, the overall low b-values from 1996 to 2010 corresponded to a strong stress-locking state prior to the Jiujiang earthquake. Since 2011, although b-values have rebounded, persistently low b-value anomalies on the northern side of the Xiangfan-Guangji fault suggest that this region is currently under a state of high-stress accumulation, posing a heightened risk of strong earthquakes. 2) Analysis of the Jiujiang earthquake comfirms that the b-value is sensitive to changes in tectonic stress. The low b-value anomaly in the source area before the earthquake reflected a high-stress locking state in the crust. The significant increase in b-values after the earthquake indicates stress release and crustal fragmentation caused by the mainshock rupture. Notably, analysis of b-value differences (Δb) reveals post-seismic stress migration and reloading toward the northwest of the epicenter, uncovering a complex process of post-seismic stress adjustment. This study enhances the understanding of the seismogenic dynamics of the Wuhan-Ezhou-Huanggang-Huangshi metropolitan area from the perspective of b-value spatiotemporal evolution and can provide a key basis for regional seismic hazard assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation.

, authors=Tengfei WU1, Shuangxi ZHANG2, 3, *, Tao CHENG1, Meng CHEN3, authorsList=Tengfei WU, Shuangxi ZHANG, Tao CHENG, Meng CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuangxi ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916840678237010, articleId=1322916834411946822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=武鄂黄黄都市圈b值时空演化特征及其对中强震的指示意义, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于武鄂黄黄都市圈及邻域1970-2025年地震目录数据, 采用最大似然法计算地震b值, 并依据b值与差应力的负相关性, 结合构造背景分析断裂带的应力状态及地震危险性。研究结果表明: 1)研究区b值时间演化揭示了"均衡积累-局部集中-能量释放-重新积累"的孕震过程。其中, 1996-2010年b值整体偏低, 对应九江地震前的强应力闭锁状态; 2011年以来b值虽有回升, 但襄广断裂带北侧持续显示低b值异常, 暗示该区域目前仍处于高应力积累状态, 存在较高的强震危险性。2)九江地震分析证实b值对构造应力变化响应敏感。震前震源区低b值异常, 反映地壳高应力闭锁状态; 而震后b值显著回升, 表明主震破裂引起地壳应力释放与地壳介质破碎。对b值差值(Δb)分析发现, 震后应力向震源西北侧迁移并重新加载, 揭示了复杂的震后应力调整过程。本文从b值时空演化视角深化了对武鄂黄黄都市圈孕震动力学机制的认识, 可为区域地震危险性评估与防灾减灾提供关键依据。

, authors=吴腾飞1, 张双喜2, 3, *, 程涛1, 陈梦3, authorsList=吴腾飞, 张双喜, 程涛, 陈梦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张双喜, authorNote=

吴腾飞, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事地震地质与防灾减灾研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张双喜, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地球物理与智能测绘研究, E-mail:
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volume=65, issue=6, pageStart=2137, pageEnd=2152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=高雅婧, 孙云强, 罗纲, journalName=地球物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高雅婧, 孙云强, 罗纲. 1999年集集地震前后台湾地区地震b值及应力场时空演化特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2022, 65 (6): 2137- 2152, articleTitle=1999年集集地震前后台湾地区地震b值及应力场时空演化特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916846613177225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916834411946822, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=65, issue=6, pageStart=2137, pageEnd=2152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=Gao Yajing, Sun Yunqiang, Luo Gang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Gao Yajing , Sun Yunqiang , Luo Gang . 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F1:郯庐断裂南段;F2:巴河断裂;F3:阳新断裂;F4:灵乡断裂;F5:襄广断裂;F6:麻团断裂;F7:乌龙泉断裂;F8:天门河断裂;F9:黄陂-青口断裂;Ⅰ:大别造山带;Ⅱ:中下扬子板块

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武鄂黄黄都市圈b值时空演化特征及其对中强震的指示意义
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吴腾飞 1 , 张双喜 2, 3, * , 程涛 1 , 陈梦 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(7): 851-858
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (7) : 851 -858
武鄂黄黄都市圈b值时空演化特征及其对中强震的指示意义
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吴腾飞, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事地震地质与防灾减灾研究, E-mail:

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吴腾飞1 , 张双喜2, 3, * , 程涛1, 陈梦3
作者信息
  • 1 湖北理工学院土木建筑工程学院, 黄石, 435003
  • 2 武汉城市学院城建学部, 武汉, 430083
  • 3 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉, 430079
通讯作者:
张双喜, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地球物理与智能测绘研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

吴腾飞, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事地震地质与防灾减灾研究, E-mail:

Spatiotemporal Variations of the b-Value in the Wuhan-Ezhou- Huanggang-Huangshi Metropolitan Area and Their Implications for Moderate-Strong Earthquakes
Tengfei WU1 , Shuangxi ZHANG2, 3, * , Tao CHENG1, Meng CHEN3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
  • 2 Department of Urban Construction, City University of Wuhan, Wuhan 430083, China
  • 3 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.372
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基于武鄂黄黄都市圈及邻域1970-2025年地震目录数据, 采用最大似然法计算地震b值, 并依据b值与差应力的负相关性, 结合构造背景分析断裂带的应力状态及地震危险性。研究结果表明: 1)研究区b值时间演化揭示了"均衡积累-局部集中-能量释放-重新积累"的孕震过程。其中, 1996-2010年b值整体偏低, 对应九江地震前的强应力闭锁状态; 2011年以来b值虽有回升, 但襄广断裂带北侧持续显示低b值异常, 暗示该区域目前仍处于高应力积累状态, 存在较高的强震危险性。2)九江地震分析证实b值对构造应力变化响应敏感。震前震源区低b值异常, 反映地壳高应力闭锁状态; 而震后b值显著回升, 表明主震破裂引起地壳应力释放与地壳介质破碎。对b值差值(Δb)分析发现, 震后应力向震源西北侧迁移并重新加载, 揭示了复杂的震后应力调整过程。本文从b值时空演化视角深化了对武鄂黄黄都市圈孕震动力学机制的认识, 可为区域地震危险性评估与防灾减灾提供关键依据。

地震b值  /  襄广断裂带  /  九江地震  /  地震危险性  /  武鄂黄黄都市圈

Based on the earthquake catalog data from 1970 to 2025 for the Wuhan-Ezhou-Huanggang-Huangshi metropolitan area and its adjacent regions, the b-value was calculated using the maximum likelihood method. Leveraging the negative correlation between the b-value and differential stress, the stress state and seismic hazard of fault zones were analyzed in the context of the tectonic setting. The results indicate that: 1) The temporal evolution of b-values in the study area reveals a seismogenic process of "balanced accumulation-localized concentration-energy release-re-accumulation". Specifically, the overall low b-values from 1996 to 2010 corresponded to a strong stress-locking state prior to the Jiujiang earthquake. Since 2011, although b-values have rebounded, persistently low b-value anomalies on the northern side of the Xiangfan-Guangji fault suggest that this region is currently under a state of high-stress accumulation, posing a heightened risk of strong earthquakes. 2) Analysis of the Jiujiang earthquake comfirms that the b-value is sensitive to changes in tectonic stress. The low b-value anomaly in the source area before the earthquake reflected a high-stress locking state in the crust. The significant increase in b-values after the earthquake indicates stress release and crustal fragmentation caused by the mainshock rupture. Notably, analysis of b-value differences (Δb) reveals post-seismic stress migration and reloading toward the northwest of the epicenter, uncovering a complex process of post-seismic stress adjustment. This study enhances the understanding of the seismogenic dynamics of the Wuhan-Ezhou-Huanggang-Huangshi metropolitan area from the perspective of b-value spatiotemporal evolution and can provide a key basis for regional seismic hazard assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation.

seismic b-value  /  Xiangfan-Guangji fault  /  Jiujiang earthquake  /  seismic hazard  /  Wuhan-Ezhou-Huanggang-Huangshi metropolitan area
吴腾飞, 张双喜, 程涛, 陈梦. 武鄂黄黄都市圈b值时空演化特征及其对中强震的指示意义. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (7) : 851 -858 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.372
Tengfei WU, Shuangxi ZHANG, Tao CHENG, Meng CHEN. Spatiotemporal Variations of the b-Value in the Wuhan-Ezhou- Huanggang-Huangshi Metropolitan Area and Their Implications for Moderate-Strong Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (7) : 851 -858 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.372
地震通常孕育于活动断裂带的闭锁段或高应力积累区[1]。Gutenberg等[2]于1944年首次提出了描述地震震级与频度关系的经验公式(G-R关系):
$\lg N=a-b M$
式中,N为震级大于等于M的地震累积频次;a值反映区域地震活动水平,b值则表征大地震与小地震的相对比例关系。全球平均b值约为1,b<1意味着大震概率较高,反之则以小震为主[3]。
岩石力学实验[4-5]和数值模拟[6]研究均表明,低b值区往往对应高剪切应力积累,而高b值区则对应应力释放或蠕滑状态,二者呈负相关关系。基于这一物理机制,Wiemer等[7]提出了b值时空扫描技术,通过解析断裂带现今应力的空间分布特征,可有效识别潜在的闭锁段或高应力集中区,为强震危险性的中长期预测提供了关键物理依据。
随着研究的深入,b值时空演化特征被广泛应用于强震孕育机理与危险性评估研究[8]。大量震例研究表明,强震发生前,震源区及邻近断裂带b值常表现出显著的异常特征。高雅婧等[1]对1999年台湾集集地震的研究显示,震区b值在震前、震中和震后表现出“震前降低-震后回升-再降低”的演化模式,反映了区域应力“积累-释放-再积累”的动力学过程。史海霞等[8]对汶川地震的研究发现,震前b值经历了长期的下降趋势,且在临震前半年出现加速降低。此外,针对青藏高原东南缘的研究表明,断裂带附近低b值闭锁区可持续存在较长时间,揭示了潜在地震危险性[9]。这些研究充分证实,b值是监测区域应力状态、评估地震危险性的重要地球物理参数,具有广泛的应用价值。
武鄂黄黄都市圈地质构造复杂,虽属板块内中强地震区,但高度集聚的人口与经济使其面临的地震灾害风险不容忽视。然而,目前针对该区域精细化应力状态与地震危险性的研究相对匮乏,亟需开展系统性评估。为此,本文选取1970-01—2025-05发生在武鄂黄黄都市圈及邻域的地震事件(ML≥2.0)为研究对象,在评估最小完备震级MC的基础上,采用最大似然法计算区域b值的时空演化特征。结合区域深大断裂带的活动性,深入探讨区域应力场分布与变化特征,为武鄂黄黄都市圈的地震危险性评估和防震减灾规划提供科学依据。
武鄂黄黄都市圈位于长江中下游凹陷带西段,处于扬子板块北缘与华北板块南缘挤压的前缘区,构造变形强烈[10]。该区位于江汉盆地东缘,南北重力梯度带东侧,同时受到秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带、郯庐断裂带和长江中下游构造带等多重构造体系的共同制约,是中国东部典型的深部构造交会与应力传递枢纽区。
研究区活动断裂极为发育,其基本构造骨架主要由郯庐断裂、襄广断裂等深大断裂构成,并叠加沿长江发育的系列次级断裂(图 1(a))。其中,郯庐断裂带是中国东部最重要的深大断裂,其南端广济-九江段切穿武鄂黄黄都市圈东南缘,对区域应力场和地震活动具有主控作用[11];襄广断裂带呈NW-SE向贯穿研究区,兼具逆冲与走滑分量,是构造分区的重要界线[12],也是现今应力集中与地震危险性的重要承载构造;沿长江发育的系列次级断裂,其空间展布明显受郯庐与襄广断裂的联合作用控制,对沿岸城市的基底稳定性和地震分布具有显著影响[13]。此外,多条NE向、NW向及近WE向的次级活动断裂(如麻团断裂、阳新断裂等)进一步加剧了地壳分块化。复杂的构造格局直接决定了该区域较高的地震危险性。断裂交会部位,尤其是襄广断裂带与郯庐断裂带南端的结合区,是应力集中和强震孕育的关键区段。研究区历史上曾发生九江5.7级地震,为近50多年来震级最高的地震事件。此外,区内还发生过3次5.0级以上地震,整体地震活动以中小震为主。
本文所用地震目录数据来源于美国地震学联合研究会(IRIS)和中国地震台网中心,覆盖时间范围为1970-01—2025-05,空间范围为武鄂黄黄都市圈及其邻域(图 1(b))。由于不同数据源采用的震级类型存在差异,其中以地方震级(ML)为主,少量为体波震级(Mb)、面波震级(MS)和矩震级(MW)。为了避免不同震级标定方式带来的系统性误差,将所有震级统一转换为ML震级[14]。为了准确反映区域长期背景应力状态,经数据整理、去丛集与筛选,最终获得ML≥2.0的地震事件2 133条。需要说明的是,尽管降低震级阈值(如ML≥1.0)有助于增加样本量,但考虑到本文研究时间跨度较长,受限于早期台网密度及监测能力,研究区内ML<2.0的微震记录在早期的完整性与一致性相对不足。为保证地震目录在时空分布上的均匀性,采取了ML≥2.0作为截止震级。统计结果显示,研究区内约90%的地震震源深度集中在10 km以内,整体以浅源地震为主。此外,研究区内记录到的最大地震为2005-11-26发生于区域东南缘九江市九江县(115.72°E,29.72°N)的5.7级地震,震源深度为9 km。
b值作为地壳应力水平的重要表征参数,与震级-频度关系式lgN=a-bM中的斜率成反比,能够反映区域应力的分布与变化[1, 15]。在活动断裂带上,高应力积累的凹凸体或闭锁断裂段往往是未来强震的孕育部位。因此,通过分析b值的时空分布,不仅有助于识别潜在的破裂断层和板块边界的高应力区,还对揭示区域地震活动性和开展地震危险性评价具有重要意义。
当前b值计算方法主要有线性最小二乘法和极大似然法[16]。线性最小二乘法在计算中假设误差服从正态分布,这与震级-频度的指数分布特征不符。同时,大震在拟合中权重大, 易导致b值受少数强震影响而产生偏差[17]。相比之下,最大似然法直接基于指数分布推导,所有地震事件权重相同,因而在统计学上具有无偏性、一致性和高效性,被认为是计算b值更稳健、可靠的估计方法。该方法最早由Aki[18]提出,其计算公式为:
$b=\frac{1}{\ln 10\left(\bar{M}-M_{\mathrm{C}}\right)}$
式中, MC为最小完备震级; ${\bar M}$为地震目录中大于等于MC的所有地震的平均震级。为进一步提高b值的计算精度,Utsu[19]对式(2)进行了修正,其核心思想是不再依赖平均震级,而是直接利用各个震级区间的事件数进行计算,从而避免相关平均震级的先验计算带来的偏差。修正后的b值计算公式为:
$b=\frac{1}{\ln 10} \cdot \frac{N}{\sum\limits_{n=k}^M\left(k-\frac{1}{2}\right) \Delta M \cdot n_k}$
式中, N为某一时间段内所有震级大于等于MC的地震总数; $\left(k-\frac{1}{2}\right) \Delta M$为第k档震级的中值; nk为第k个震级档中发生的地震个数。本文采用最大曲率法确定研究区的MC(图 2),鉴于该方法在统计上通常低估MC值,为确保震级-频度分布符合关系,在实际计算中进行MC+0.1修正[20]。
为了揭示武鄂黄黄都市圈b值时变特征及其与区域地震孕育的关联性,本文基于研究区地震台网数据监测能力演变,兼顾统计分析的等时性原则,将1970年以来的地震序列划分为4个阶段。其中, T1(1970—1980年)处于台网建设早期,台站分布相对稀疏,该时段b值主要作为历史背景参考;T2(1981—1995年)、T3(1996—2010年)和T4(2011—2025年)为台网监测能力的逐步稳定期,按15 a等间隔划分,以确保各阶段样本在时间维度上的统计可比性,进而有效揭示区域应力场的动态演化过程。采用最大曲率法计算得到4个阶段的最小完备震级MC,分别为ML2.2、ML2.1、ML2.0和ML2.0(图 2)。基于各阶段MC阈值,4个阶段参与b值计算的有效地震事件数分别为406个、554个、639个和471个,其震中分布见图 3中浅灰色圆圈,这些样本量均满足最大似然法估算b值的统计稳定性要求。如图 4所示,1970年以来区域MC呈逐年降低趋势,表明台网监测能力显著提升。从频度拟合曲线来看,除T3阶段(图 2(c))外,其余3个阶段的频度拟合曲线均表现为良好的线性关系,未见明显的非线性偏离。图 2(c)在ML>3.5处出现震级缺失现象(即观测频度低于理论预测值),可能是由于观测时段相对较短,未能捕捉到长复发周期的中强震事件,导致高震级样本在统计上存在一定的不足。
研究区域划分为0.1°×0.1°的网格,并以每个节点为圆心逐步扩大半径R,确保圆形区域内样本数N>120。该R值设置策略旨在确保研究区每一个网格点的b值计算均基于相同数量的样本,从而使不同区域(无论地震密集或稀疏)计算结果的统计误差保持相对一致,具有全域可比性。随后利用式(3)计算各个网格节点的b值,最终得到研究区4个不同阶段的b值空间分布(图 3)。
在T1阶段(图 3(a)),b值空间分布整体较为均匀,无显著的大尺度高、低值异常区,表明在该时期武鄂黄黄地区地壳应力积累较为均匀,应变尚未在某个特定断裂带集中。区域地震活动性处于相对平稳的背景水平,可视为地震孕育的初始阶段。
进入T2阶段(图 3(b)),b值空间分布出现显著异常,研究区中部凸显出1条NW-SE向的线性低b值带(白色虚线区),贯穿整个都市圈,其展布方向与F5或勉略缝合带的走向平行。低b值特征指示该断裂带应力开始明显集中、介质强度增加,微破裂活动趋于频繁。这一特征可视为F5或勉略缝合带从相对静止向活跃状态转变的早期信号,可能意味着区域地震危险性进入萌芽阶段。
在T3阶段(图 3(c)),整体b值分布趋于连续,数值明显降低(小于1.2)。其中黄冈和黄石以东的一带b值低于0.9,反映出断裂带闭锁程度增强、应变加速积累,表明该区域已演化为典型的地震孕震区,地震危险性明显升高。2005-11-26九江市九江区(位于F5的东南末端)发生了区域近50 a来最强的2次地震(5.7级和4.8级)。关于九江地震前后b值演化特征与应力调整过程,将在§3.2通过对震前、震后序列进行独立的b值计算及对比分析。这一地震事件可视为T2~T3阶段应变能持续积累的部分释放。值得注意的是,震中并未位于低b值异常的最低值中心,而是发生在低b值区的边缘或断裂带末端。已有研究表明[21],大震往往发生在低b值区的边缘或b值梯度变化显著的区域,而非必然对应于局部最低b值位置,九江地震的发生特征与这一认识高度一致。同时,F5北段可能仍处于高度闭锁和应力积累状态,能量尚未完全释放。
在T4阶段(图 3(d)),b值整体较T3阶段有所升高,大部分区域b值高于1.0,表明区域应力场在强震发生后经历调整并进入新的积累阶段。然而,F5西北段仍显示为低b值(小于0.9),应视为未来中强震的潜在危险区(红色虚线区)。九江地震可能只是该断裂带系统性活动的前奏而非终结, 2019-12-26该断裂带西侧的孝感应城再次发生4.9级地震,进一步印证了该断裂带的持续高危险性。
总体而言,武鄂黄黄都市圈b值的时序演化揭示了区域应力场从均衡积累到局部集中,再到能量部分释放与重新累积的全过程。其中,F5北侧长期处于低b值状态,仍是未来区域强震危险性的关键控制区。
九江5.7级地震是武鄂黄黄都市圈邻域近年来发生的典型中强震,其孕震、发震及震后调整过程记录了区域构造应力由积累到释放的关键动力学阶段,为研究都市圈周边构造应力场的动态演化提供了重要观测窗口。b值作为反映地震震级-频度关系的统计参数,与地壳岩石介质的破碎程度及差应力水平存在显著的物理关联[4-5],其时空演化常被视为断层应力积累与调整过程的重要表征。深入剖析九江地震前后b值的时空变化特征,不仅有助于揭示该事件的孕震机理及震后应力重分布规律,同时也能有效检验b值方法在武鄂黄黄都市圈地震危险性评估中的适用性,为识别区域潜在高应力闭锁区提供关键的科学依据。
图 4为九江地震前后10 a(2000—2010年)区域地震活动的震级-时间(M-t)图(震中分布见图 5(a)和5(b)),揭示了地震活动在时间轴上呈现出明显的阶段性差异。在震前阶段(2000-12—2005-11),区域地震活动水平相对较低,震级主要集中在ML 2.0~4.0之间,没有显著的中强震活动。这种相对平静的特征往往对应着孕震晚期震源区处于高应力的闭锁状态;2005-11-26主震发生后,地震序列瞬间被激活,余震频次在短时间内急剧上升,ML2.0以上余震密集丛集显示出主震破裂后的应力快速调整与释放过程;随后在2007—2010年的震后阶段,余震活动逐渐衰减,地震频度和强度总体呈下降趋势,表明区域地壳应力场经过调整后逐渐回归至背景活动水平。
为进一步揭示构造应力的空间异质性,图 5显示了九江地震震前和震后b值的空间演化及其差值(Δb)变化。在震前阶段(图 5(a)),九江地震震源区及周边(F1南段与F3、F5断裂交会部位)呈现出显著的低b值异常(小于等于0.7)。根据岩石力学实验及Scholz关系式[4],低b值对应高差应力状态,表明该区域地壳在震前处于构造应力的高度积累与闭锁阶段,地壳岩石接近临界破裂强度。而在震后阶段(图 5(b)),震源区的b值结果发生显著反转,原有的低b值异常区消失,转变为相对较高的b值异常区(大于等于0.9)。这一变化反映了主震破裂导致震源区累积的剪切应力得到有效释放,地壳介质破碎度增加;同时,震后流体沿破裂带的渗透可能导致孔隙压升高,有效正应力降低,进一步促进了高b值特征的形成。
值得注意的是,震后与震前的Δb(图 5(c))揭示了更为复杂的应力重分布机制[16, 22]。虽然震源区接近应力平衡状态,但在震中西北侧出现局部负值异常,揭示了该区域震后的应力水平相对升高。针对这一现象,可能存在2种动力学机制:其一是库仑应力迁移,即主震的破裂虽然释放了震源点的能量,但引发了应力的重新分布,导致构造应力向西北侧的断裂带(如F1、F3和F5)发生局部迁移与二次加载,使得周边断层段承受了额外的剪切应力;其二是震后快速闭锁与愈合,即震源附近的断裂带(如F1、F3和F5)受主震扰动后,经历了快速的愈合并迅速进入了新的应力积累周期,介质趋于均匀化。
通过对武鄂黄黄都市圈地震活动性及b值的时空分布特征进行研究,得到主要结论如下:
1) 武鄂黄黄都市圈的b值时空演化揭示了区域地壳应力“均衡积累-局部集中-能量释放-重新积累”的孕震过程。1970年以来,研究区地震活动性与应力状态呈现显著的阶段性特征:T1阶段(1970—1980年),b值空间分布相对均匀,对应区域应力均衡积累期;T2阶段(1981—1995年),F5附近出现线性低b值带,指示应力开始向控震构造集中;T3阶段(1996—2010年),区域整体b值显著降低,反映断裂闭锁加强与应变加速积累,最终九江5.7级地震的发生释放了部分能量;T4阶段(2011—2025年),b值总体回升,标志着区域应力场完成阶段性调整并进入新的积累周期。
2) 九江5.7级地震前后的b值时空异质性揭示了构造应力的动态调整机制。震前,震源区及周边为显著的低b值异常区,与高差应力闭锁状态高度吻合;震后,该区域b值显著升高,直接反映了主震破裂造成的地壳应力卸载及岩石破碎度增加。特别是对震后b值差值(Δb)分析发现,震中西北侧存在负值异常区,指示主震后地壳应力场发生了迁移与二次加载,或与周边断裂带的快速愈合有关。
3) F5北侧是当前区域地震危险性需重点关注的潜在高风险区。尽管九江地震后区域整体应力水平回升,但T4阶段的b值结果显示,F5北侧仍显示为低b值异常特征。依据b值与差应力的负相关性推测,该区域目前仍处于较高的应力积累与闭锁状态,是都市圈内未来需重点监测的潜在危险区。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFD013)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42074176)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42374061)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.11.372
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03
基金
湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFD013)
国家自然科学基金(42074176)
国家自然科学基金(42374061)
作者信息
    1 湖北理工学院土木建筑工程学院, 黄石, 435003
    2 武汉城市学院城建学部, 武汉, 430083
    3 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉, 430079

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张双喜, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地球物理与智能测绘研究, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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