Article(id=1322916787519619163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322916705915249052, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793337540749, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793337540749, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793337540749, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793337540749, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322916705915249052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='790', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793337521294, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337521294, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=903, endPage=912, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322916787809026140, articleId=1322916787519619163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Lateral Variations in Mantle Structure beneath the Sumatra Region Based on the VISCO2.5D Model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on a two-dimensional viscoelastic spherical Earth model, this study constrains the mantle viscosity structure beneath the Sumatra region using GRACE RL06 satellite data and the VISCO2.5D code. The aim is to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of co- and post-seismic gravity changes induced by the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake and to analyze the lateral variation information of mantle viscosity contained within the gravity signals. GRACE satellite gravity observations were processed through filtering and smoothing to isolate the co- and post-seismic gravity change signals associated with the 2004 event. The extracted signal exhibits a negative-positive-negative pattern from southwest to northeast (Indian ocean-Sumatra-Malaysia). During the observation period from 2005 to 2012, the magnitude of post-seismic gravity change was comparable to the co-seismic change, with a maximum negative change of -3.7 μGal and a maximum positive change of 8.3 μGal. Considering the influence of the subducting slab near the trench, the observed large-scale co-and post-seismic gravity changes were simulated using the 2D viscoelastic Earth model and the spectral-element method in VISCO2.5D. The results show that when the mantle viscosity coefficients are set to 2×1019 Pa·s on the oceanic side and 1×1019 Pa·s on the continental side of the seismogenic fault, with a subducting slab near the trench and an elastic lithospheric thickness of 60 km, the simulated post-seismic gravity changes closely match the GRACE observations. This indicates that the post-seismic gravity changes in the Sumatra region are primarily driven by mantle viscoelastic relaxation, with a negligible contribution from aftershock effects.

, authors=Haoyang ZHANG1, 2, Guangyu FU1, 2, *, Tai LIU3, authorsList=Haoyang ZHANG, Guangyu FU, Tai LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guangyu FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322916793001574517, articleId=1322916787519619163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于VISCO2.5D模型的苏门答腊地区地幔结构横向变化研究, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于二维黏弹性球形地球模型, 利用GRACE卫星的RL06观测数据和VISCO2.5D程序, 对苏门答腊地区地幔黏滞性结构进行约束, 以揭示2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震引起的同震和震后重力场时空变化特征, 分析重力变化信号中蕴含的地幔黏滞性构造的横向变化信息。首先通过滤波与平滑等步骤处理GRACE卫星重力观测数据, 分离出2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震伴随的同震与震后重力变化信号。该信号从西南向东北方向呈现负-正-负(印度洋-苏门答腊-马来西亚)的分布态势。在2005—2012年观测期内, 震后重力变化与同震重力变化量级相近, 最大负重力变化达-3.7 μGal, 最大正重力变化为8.3 μGal。在考虑海沟俯冲板块影响的前提下, 采用二维黏弹性地球模型, 运用VISCO2.5D谱元法, 对观测到的大尺度同震与震后重力变化进行模拟。结果发现, 当发震断层洋陆两侧地幔黏滞性系数分别取2×1019 Pa·s和1×1019 Pa·s、海沟附近存在下插板片、岩石圈弹性层厚度为60 km时, 模拟得到的震后重力变化与GRACE观测结果高度吻合, 表明苏门答腊地区震后重力变化主要由地幔黏弹性松弛效应引起, 余震效应引起的重力变化很小。

, authors=张昊洋1, 2, 付广裕1, 2, *, 刘泰3, authorsList=张昊洋, 付广裕, 刘泰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=付广裕, authorNote=

张昊洋, 硕士生, 主要从事地震形变研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
付广裕, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地震形变与地壳均衡研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pbHVcpW4CdFRFVZOexOppg==, magXml=BnN8QS5KiKBB5IzKcd75qw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=tbKKKnEnwLR4+8JX+ZWhCQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mwIgLzlm1iaRVgwh4/r4Xg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322916795371356289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=filies0437@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916795509768324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795371356289, language=EN, stringName=Haoyang ZHANG, firstName=Haoyang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916795706900614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795371356289, language=CN, stringName=张昊洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083
2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083, bio={"content":"

张昊洋, 硕士生, 主要从事地震形变研究, E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张昊洋, 硕士生, 主要从事地震形变研究, E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793345507446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793387450487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793412616312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916793500696697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793513279610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793525862523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083)])]), Author(id=1322916795815952520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=fugy@cugb.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916795908227211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795815952520, language=EN, stringName=Guangyu FU, firstName=Guangyu, middleName=null, lastName=FU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916796046639244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795815952520, language=CN, stringName=付广裕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083
2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793345507446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793387450487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793412616312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916793500696697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793513279610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793525862523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083)])]), Author(id=1322916796155691150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916796294103184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916796155691150, language=EN, stringName=Tai LIU, firstName=Tai, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916796445098130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916796155691150, language=CN, stringName=刘泰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793609748604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793618137213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793609748604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793639108734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793609748604, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1322916796663201939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=2024 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake), Keyword(id=1322916796755476628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=GRACE), Keyword(id=1322916796830974102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=viscoelastic spherical earth model), Keyword(id=1322916796910665879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=gravity changes), Keyword(id=1322916796977774744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=seismic dislocation theory), Keyword(id=1322916797040689305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震), Keyword(id=1322916797128769690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=GRACE重力卫星), Keyword(id=1322916797208461467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=黏弹性球形地球模型), Keyword(id=1322916797321707676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=重力变化), Keyword(id=1322916797401399453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=地震位错理论)], refs=[Reference(id=1322916802279375036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hayes G P, Myers E K, Dewey J W, et al. Tectonic Summaries of Magnitude 7 and Greater Earthquakes from 2000 to 2015[R]. USGS Open-File Report, Reston, Virginia, 2017, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916802359066813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=365, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=王敏, 张培震, 沈正康, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王敏, 张培震, 沈正康, 等. 全球定位系统(GPS)测定的印尼苏门达腊巨震的远场同震地表位移[J]. 科学通报, 2006, 51 (3): 365- 368, articleTitle=全球定位系统(GPS)测定的印尼苏门达腊巨震的远场同震地表位移, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916802476507326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=365, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=Wang Min, Zhang Peizhen, Shen Zhengkang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wang Min , Zhang Peizhen , Shen Zhengkang , et al. Far-Field Coseismic Surface Displacement of the Great Sumatra Earthquake in Indonesia Measured by Global Positioning System (GPS)[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51 (3): 365- 368, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916802556199104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=97, issue=1A, pageStart=152, pageEnd=173, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Chlieh M, Avouac J P, Hjorleifsdottir V, journalName=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Chlieh M , Avouac J P , Hjorleifsdottir V , et al. Coseismic Slip and Afterslip of the Great MW9.15 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 2004[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2007, 97 (1A): 152- 173, articleTitle=Coseismic Slip and Afterslip of the Great MW9.15 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 2004, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916802673639617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang K L. Elastic and Viscoelastic Models of Crustal Deformation in Subduction Earthquake Cycles[M]//The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916804338778306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=58, issue=5, pageStart=1654, pageEnd=1665, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=5, authorNames=张国庆, 付广裕, 周新, journalName=地球物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张国庆, 付广裕, 周新, 等. 利用震后黏弹性位错理论研究苏门答腊地震(MW9.3)的震后重力变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58 (5): 1654- 1665, articleTitle=利用震后黏弹性位错理论研究苏门答腊地震(MW9.3)的震后重力变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916804460413124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=58, issue=5, pageStart=1654, pageEnd=1665, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Zhang Guoqing, Fu Guangyu, Zhou Xin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhang Guoqing , Fu Guangyu , Zhou Xin , et al. Retrieve Post-Seismic Gravity Changes Induced by Sumatra Earthquake (MW9.3) Based on the Viscoelastic Dislocation Theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2015, 58 (5): 1654- 1665, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916804594630853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=167, issue=1, pageStart=397, pageEnd=420, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Pollitz F F, Bürgmann R, Banerjee P, journalName=Geophysical Journal International, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Pollitz F F , Bürgmann R , Banerjee P . Post-Seismic Relaxation Following the Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake on a Compressible Self-Gravitating Earth[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2006, 167 (1): 397- 420, articleTitle=Post-Seismic Relaxation Following the Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake on a Compressible Self-Gravitating Earth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916804707877062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=113, issue=B11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=8, authorNames=Han S C, Sauber J, Luthcke S B, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Han S C , Sauber J , Luthcke S B , et al. Implications of Postseismic Gravity Change Following the Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from the Regional Harmonic Analysis of GRACE Intersatellite Tracking Data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2008, 113 (B11), articleTitle=Implications of Postseismic Gravity Change Following the Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from the Regional Harmonic Analysis of GRACE Intersatellite Tracking Data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916804821123271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=67, issue=9, pageStart=3424, pageEnd=3435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=9, authorNames=刘泰, 邹镇宇, 吴伟伟, journalName=地球物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘泰, 邹镇宇, 吴伟伟, 等. 利用黏弹性球体位错理论研究2004年苏门答腊地震震后效应对华南块体的影响[J]. 地球物理学报, 2024, 67 (9): 3424- 3435, articleTitle=利用黏弹性球体位错理论研究2004年苏门答腊地震震后效应对华南块体的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916804925980872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=67, issue=9, pageStart=3424, pageEnd=3435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Liu Tai, Zou Zhenyu, Wu Weiwei, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Liu Tai , Zou Zhenyu , Wu Weiwei , et al. A Study of Post-Seismic Effect of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake on the South China Block Based on the Viscoelastic Spherical Dislocation Theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2024, 67 (9): 3424- 3435, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805039227081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=117, issue=B5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=11, authorNames=Hu Y, Wang K L, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hu Y , Wang K L . Spherical-Earth Finite Element Model of Short-Term Postseismic Deformation Following the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2012, 117 (B5), articleTitle=Spherical-Earth Finite Element Model of Short-Term Postseismic Deformation Following the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805139890378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=120, issue=7, pageStart=5343, pageEnd=5361, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Broerse T, Riva R, Simons W, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Broerse T , Riva R , Simons W , et al. Postseismic GRACE and GPS Observations Indicate a Rheology Contrast above and below the Sumatra Slab[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2015, 120 (7): 5343- 5361, articleTitle=Postseismic GRACE and GPS Observations Indicate a Rheology Contrast above and below the Sumatra Slab, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805278302411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=313, issue=5787, pageStart=658, pageEnd=662, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Han S C, Shum C K, Bevis M, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Han S C , Shum C K , Bevis M , et al. Crustal Dilatation Observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J]. Science, 2006, 313 (5787): 658- 662, articleTitle=Crustal Dilatation Observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805408325836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=198, issue=1, pageStart=308, pageEnd=326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Pollitz F F, journalName=Geophysical Journal International, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Pollitz F F . Post-Earthquake Relaxation Using a Spectral Element Method: 2.5-D Case[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2014, 198 (1): 308- 326, articleTitle=Post-Earthquake Relaxation Using a Spectral Element Method: 2.5-D Case, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805508989133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=546, pageEnd=550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=15, authorNames=郭飞霄, 孙中苗, 任飞龙, journalName=大地测量与地球动力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭飞霄, 孙中苗, 任飞龙, 等. GRACE RL06与RL05时变重力场模型数据初步比较分析[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2020, 40 (5): 546- 550, articleTitle=GRACE RL06与RL05时变重力场模型数据初步比较分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805618041039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=546, pageEnd=550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=16, authorNames=Guo Feixiao, Sun Zhongmiao, Ren Feilong, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Guo Feixiao , Sun Zhongmiao , Ren Feilong , et al. Preliminary Comparative Analysis of GRACE RL06 and RL05 Time-Variable Gravity Models[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2020, 40 (5): 546- 550, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805718704336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Swenson S, Wahr J, journalName=Geophysical Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Swenson S , Wahr J . Post-Processing Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33 (8), articleTitle=Post-Processing Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805794201809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hofmann-Wellenhof B, Moritz H. Modern Views on the Determination of the Figure of the Earth[M]//Physical Geodesy. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2006, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916805903253714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=62, issue=6, pageStart=2115, pageEnd=2127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=19, authorNames=严畅达, 徐亚, journalName=地球物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=严畅达, 徐亚. 基于GRACE RL05数据研究智利地震长期震后重力变化特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2019, 62 (6): 2115- 2127, articleTitle=基于GRACE RL05数据研究智利地震长期震后重力变化特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806012305620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=62, issue=6, pageStart=2115, pageEnd=2127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=20, authorNames=Yan Changda, Xu Ya, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Yan Changda , Xu Ya . Research of the Long-Term Gravity Change Pattern Related to Chile Earthquake via GRACE RL05 Data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2019, 62 (6): 2115- 2127, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806117163221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=176, issue=3, pageStart=695, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=21, authorNames=Linage C, Rivera L, Hinderer J, journalName=Geophysical Journal International, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Linage C , Rivera L , Hinderer J , et al. Separation of Coseismic and Postseismic Gravity Changes for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from 4.6 Yr of GRACE Observations and Modelling of the Coseismic Change by Normal-Modes Summation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2009, 176 (3): 695- 714, articleTitle=Separation of Coseismic and Postseismic Gravity Changes for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from 4.6 Yr of GRACE Observations and Modelling of the Coseismic Change by Normal-Modes Summation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806242992342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=34, issue=13, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=22, authorNames=Chen J L, Wilson C R, Tapley B D, journalName=Geophysical Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Chen J L , Wilson C R , Tapley B D , et al. GRACE Detects Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation from the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34 (13), articleTitle=GRACE Detects Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation from the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806389792983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1981, volume=25, issue=4, pageStart=297, pageEnd=356, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=23, authorNames=Dziewonski A M, Anderson D L, journalName=Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Dziewonski A M , Anderson D L . Preliminary Reference Earth Model[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25 (4): 297- 356, articleTitle=Preliminary Reference Earth Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806511427800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=12, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=24, authorNames=Hoechner A, Sobolev S V, Einarsson I, journalName=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hoechner A , Sobolev S V , Einarsson I , et al. Investigation on Afterslip and Steady State and Transient Rheology Based on Postseismic Deformation and Geoid Change Caused by the Sumatra 2004 Earthquake[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2011, 12 (7), articleTitle=Investigation on Afterslip and Steady State and Transient Rheology Based on Postseismic Deformation and Geoid Change Caused by the Sumatra 2004 Earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806603702489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周新. 利用现代大地测量数据研究2011日本东北大地震(MW9.0)的同震变形和断层滑动分布[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2013, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806666617050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou Xin. Coseismic Deformation and Slip Characteristics from Modern Geodetic Data for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki (M9.0) Megathrust Earthquake[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806750503131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=109, issue=B12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=27, authorNames=Hu Y, Wang K, He J, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hu Y , Wang K , He J , et al. Three-Dimensional Viscoelastic Finite Element Model for Postseismic Deformation of the Great 1960 Chile Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2004, 109 (B12), articleTitle=Three-Dimensional Viscoelastic Finite Element Model for Postseismic Deformation of the Great 1960 Chile Earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806821806300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=222, issue=2, pageStart=827, pageEnd=844, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=28, authorNames=Pollitz F F, journalName=Geophysical Journal International, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Pollitz F F . Coseismic and Post-Seismic Gravity Disturbance Induced by Seismic Sources Using a 2.5-D Spectral Element Method[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2020, 222 (2): 827- 844, articleTitle=Coseismic and Post-Seismic Gravity Disturbance Induced by Seismic Sources Using a 2.5-D Spectral Element Method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322916806897303773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=113, issue=B5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Chlieh M, Avouac J P, Sieh K, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Chlieh M , Avouac J P , Sieh K , et al. Heterogeneous Coupling of the Sumatran Megathrust Constrained by Geodetic and Paleogeodetic Measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2008, 113 (B5), articleTitle=Heterogeneous Coupling of the Sumatran Megathrust Constrained by Geodetic and Paleogeodetic Measurements, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322916802019328186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, awardId=42274008, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42274008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322916802119991483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, awardId=2024ZD1002700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1002700), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793345507446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793387450487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793412616312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916793500696697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793513279610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793525862523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916793609748604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793618137213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793609748604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793639108734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793609748604, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322916797615308959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Study area, figureFileSmall=8O97BZ5btbB94m7T2XIrcg==, figureFileBig=tbKKKnEnwLR4+8JX+ZWhCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916797724360864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区域

红色虚线为剖面模型在地表的投影;彩色部分为苏门答腊MW9.3地震同震断层滑动模型,数据来源于Chlieh等[3]

, figureFileSmall=8O97BZ5btbB94m7T2XIrcg==, figureFileBig=tbKKKnEnwLR4+8JX+ZWhCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916797988602018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Global spatial distribution of gravity changes in 2004-12, figureFileSmall=jxkcCimNfnpWVnAs8myn6Q==, figureFileBig=6/AqcVKVXg2GIeEdSz5RUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916798080876707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2004-12重力场变化全球分布, figureFileSmall=jxkcCimNfnpWVnAs8myn6Q==, figureFileBig=6/AqcVKVXg2GIeEdSz5RUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916798185734308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Co-seismic gravity change signals induced by the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake observed by GRACE, figureFileSmall=YKeXWXl1J8sbgx333uuGjQ==, figureFileBig=LdFp/F15JFgG47em98kxRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916799913787557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GRACE观测到的2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震引起的同震重力变化信号, figureFileSmall=YKeXWXl1J8sbgx333uuGjQ==, figureFileBig=LdFp/F15JFgG47em98kxRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800014450855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The gravity changes at points A and B before and after the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake observed by GRACE, figureFileSmall=Q47uQV69qtJ59KUUijacgQ==, figureFileBig=2zUDv69QdMlRdowNCtz/Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800115114152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GRACE观测到的2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震前后A、B两点重力变化, figureFileSmall=Q47uQV69qtJ59KUUijacgQ==, figureFileBig=2zUDv69QdMlRdowNCtz/Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800207388841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The co-seismic and post-seismic gravity changes induced by the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake observed by GRACE, figureFileSmall=4RtiJSvWTx893rpRVh70ZQ==, figureFileBig=kku1zi6tYb0iKEayGoOnPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800375161003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GRACE观测到的2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震引起的震后重力变化, figureFileSmall=4RtiJSvWTx893rpRVh70ZQ==, figureFileBig=kku1zi6tYb0iKEayGoOnPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800475824300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Schematic diagram of the 2D viscoelastic model profile, figureFileSmall=zx4s+N5on6jgNorrYCoxoA==, figureFileBig=/AHus9OVY/GeDAr6WGOODA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800580681901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图6, caption=二维黏弹性模型剖面示意图, figureFileSmall=zx4s+N5on6jgNorrYCoxoA==, figureFileBig=/AHus9OVY/GeDAr6WGOODA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800727482542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Co-seismic gravity changes induced by the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake calculated by VISCO2.5D, figureFileSmall=q7+AIcBESGwYKSK+d0rZUw==, figureFileBig=tNl1Me51XE+l4fC4FfhlyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800878477487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图7, caption=VISCO2.5D计算的2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震引起的同震重力变化, figureFileSmall=q7+AIcBESGwYKSK+d0rZUw==, figureFileBig=tNl1Me51XE+l4fC4FfhlyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916800970752176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=The spatiotemporal evolution of post-seismic gravity changes induced by the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake calculated by VISCO2.5D, figureFileSmall=nEEraMdnbZuEFAvcJcLwqw==, figureFileBig=M4O5i3wx522hJAsR7vwQfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801075609777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图8, caption=VISCO2.5D计算的2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震引起的震后重力变化时空演化过程, figureFileSmall=nEEraMdnbZuEFAvcJcLwqw==, figureFileBig=M4O5i3wx522hJAsR7vwQfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801205633202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Post-seismic gravity changes of the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake calculated by VISCO2.5D, figureFileSmall=EEmdmmWhZ7rbJvABp36CWQ==, figureFileBig=YlqbPnWgFg5+4GRsSiAToQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801323073716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图9, caption=利用VISCO2.5D计算的2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震震后重力变化

蓝色虚线表示GRACE的观测数据的指数对数拟合

, figureFileSmall=EEmdmmWhZ7rbJvABp36CWQ==, figureFileBig=YlqbPnWgFg5+4GRsSiAToQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801419542709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Comparison between the profile (Fig. 1) gravity variations observed by GRACE in the Sumatran region during the 3 to 6 years after the earthquake and the results from VISCO2.5D simulation calculations, figureFileSmall=OaM6vI30T3/czws/gAQqlg==, figureFileBig=KSdleTGU8h7bR1iVQorRmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801562149046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图10, caption=震后3~6 a苏门答腊地区GRACE观测的剖面(图 1)重力变化与VISCO2.5D模拟计算的结果对比, figureFileSmall=OaM6vI30T3/czws/gAQqlg==, figureFileBig=KSdleTGU8h7bR1iVQorRmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801662812344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Comparison of gravity variations from GRACE-observed profiles (Fig. 1) in the Sumatran region after the earthquake with the results of VISCO2.5D simulation calculations, figureFileSmall=gZKHf7R62PtkI2n+V0gSfQ==, figureFileBig=vSXcdaiCPtflaGFwXqZ2NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322916801830584505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, language=CN, label=图11, caption=苏门答腊地区震后GRACE观测的剖面(图 1)重力变化与VISCO2.5D模拟计算的结果对比

Dslab表示板块下切的深度;Dcrust表示弹性层的厚度;红色实线表示GRACE观测结果

, figureFileSmall=gZKHf7R62PtkI2n+V0gSfQ==, figureFileBig=vSXcdaiCPtflaGFwXqZ2NQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1281211523964080133, delFlag=0, nameCn=大地测量与地球动力学, nameEn=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-5942, eissn=null, cn=42-1655/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BeWo6OWOseISH6uPOmc2hA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1783394231074, updatedTime=1788951966472, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=D, firstLetterEn=D, subjectCode=Science, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Science, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BeWo6OWOseISH6uPOmc2hA==, picEn=YHLfVa8gITbOo0FeIjbLDg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304522356412666698, language=CN, name=大地测量与地球动力学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788951966622, updatedTime=1788951966622, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304522356576244555, language=EN, name=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788951966661, updatedTime=1788951966661, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1281212831689347082, websiteList=[Website(id=1281216327125799907, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1281212831689347082, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN, language=CN, createTime=1783395376235, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1783395439358, updateBy=18614031015, name=大地测量与地球动力学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=大地测量与地球动力学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1281216715371548758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1783395468800, updateTime=1783395468800, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715346382931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1783395468794, updateTime=1783395468794, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715400908889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395468807, updateTime=1783395468807, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715333800018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/file/pic?fileId=87adUdwolRb6UqGo0QjlJQ==, createTime=1783395468791, updateTime=1783395468791, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715421880411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395468812, updateTime=1783395468812, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715363160149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/file/pic, createTime=1783395468798, updateTime=1783395468798, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715409297498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395468809, updateTime=1783395468809, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715358965844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1783395468797, updateTime=1783395468797, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715384131671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1783395468803, updateTime=1783395468803, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715392520280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1783395468805, updateTime=1783395468805, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1281216327713002474, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1281212831689347082, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN, language=EN, createTime=1783395376375, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1783395435863, updateBy=18614031015, name=大地测量与地球动力学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1281216680483328066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1783395460482, updateTime=1783395460483, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680453967935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1783395460475, updateTime=1783395460475, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680521076805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395460491, updateTime=1783395460491, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680437190718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/file/pic?fileId=87adUdwolRb6UqGo0QjlJQ==, createTime=1783395460471, updateTime=1783395460471, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680542048327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395460496, updateTime=1783395460496, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680474939457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/file/pic, createTime=1783395460480, updateTime=1783395460480, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680533659718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395460494, updateTime=1783395460494, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680462356544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1783395460477, updateTime=1783395460477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680495910979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1783395460485, updateTime=1783395460485, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680508493892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1783395460488, updateTime=1783395460488, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/CN/home, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, journalPhotoCn=BeWo6OWOseISH6uPOmc2hA==, journalPhotoEn=YHLfVa8gITbOo0FeIjbLDg==, journalFirstLetter=D, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/PDF/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/PDF/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1784044800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于VISCO2.5D模型的苏门答腊地区地幔结构横向变化研究
收藏切换
张昊洋 1, 2 , 付广裕 1, 2, * , 刘泰 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(7): 903-912
收起
收藏切换
大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (7) : 903 -912
基于VISCO2.5D模型的苏门答腊地区地幔结构横向变化研究
全屏
[Author(id=1322916795371356289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=filies0437@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916795509768324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795371356289, language=EN, stringName=Haoyang ZHANG, firstName=Haoyang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916795706900614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795371356289, language=CN, stringName=张昊洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083
2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083, bio={"content":"

张昊洋, 硕士生, 主要从事地震形变研究, E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张昊洋, 硕士生, 主要从事地震形变研究, E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793345507446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793387450487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793412616312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916793500696697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793513279610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793525862523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083)])]), Author(id=1322916795815952520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=fugy@cugb.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916795908227211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795815952520, language=EN, stringName=Guangyu FU, firstName=Guangyu, middleName=null, lastName=FU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916796046639244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916795815952520, language=CN, stringName=付广裕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083
2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793345507446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793387450487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793412616312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793345507446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322916793500696697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793513279610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793525862523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793500696697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083)])]), Author(id=1322916796155691150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322916796294103184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916796155691150, language=EN, stringName=Tai LIU, firstName=Tai, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322916796445098130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, authorId=1322916796155691150, language=CN, stringName=刘泰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322916793609748604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793618137213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793609748604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322916793639108734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322916787519619163, companyId=1322916793609748604, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036)])])]
张昊洋1, 2 , 付广裕1, 2, * , 刘泰3
作者信息
  • 1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083
  • 2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083
  • 3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036
通讯作者:
付广裕, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地震形变与地壳均衡研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

张昊洋, 硕士生, 主要从事地震形变研究, E-mail:

Lateral Variations in Mantle Structure beneath the Sumatra Region Based on the VISCO2.5D Model
Haoyang ZHANG1, 2 , Guangyu FU1, 2, * , Tai LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349
文章导航
收藏切换

基于二维黏弹性球形地球模型, 利用GRACE卫星的RL06观测数据和VISCO2.5D程序, 对苏门答腊地区地幔黏滞性结构进行约束, 以揭示2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震引起的同震和震后重力场时空变化特征, 分析重力变化信号中蕴含的地幔黏滞性构造的横向变化信息。首先通过滤波与平滑等步骤处理GRACE卫星重力观测数据, 分离出2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震伴随的同震与震后重力变化信号。该信号从西南向东北方向呈现负-正-负(印度洋-苏门答腊-马来西亚)的分布态势。在2005—2012年观测期内, 震后重力变化与同震重力变化量级相近, 最大负重力变化达-3.7 μGal, 最大正重力变化为8.3 μGal。在考虑海沟俯冲板块影响的前提下, 采用二维黏弹性地球模型, 运用VISCO2.5D谱元法, 对观测到的大尺度同震与震后重力变化进行模拟。结果发现, 当发震断层洋陆两侧地幔黏滞性系数分别取2×1019 Pa·s和1×1019 Pa·s、海沟附近存在下插板片、岩石圈弹性层厚度为60 km时, 模拟得到的震后重力变化与GRACE观测结果高度吻合, 表明苏门答腊地区震后重力变化主要由地幔黏弹性松弛效应引起, 余震效应引起的重力变化很小。

2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震  /  GRACE重力卫星  /  黏弹性球形地球模型  /  重力变化  /  地震位错理论

Based on a two-dimensional viscoelastic spherical Earth model, this study constrains the mantle viscosity structure beneath the Sumatra region using GRACE RL06 satellite data and the VISCO2.5D code. The aim is to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of co- and post-seismic gravity changes induced by the 2004 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake and to analyze the lateral variation information of mantle viscosity contained within the gravity signals. GRACE satellite gravity observations were processed through filtering and smoothing to isolate the co- and post-seismic gravity change signals associated with the 2004 event. The extracted signal exhibits a negative-positive-negative pattern from southwest to northeast (Indian ocean-Sumatra-Malaysia). During the observation period from 2005 to 2012, the magnitude of post-seismic gravity change was comparable to the co-seismic change, with a maximum negative change of -3.7 μGal and a maximum positive change of 8.3 μGal. Considering the influence of the subducting slab near the trench, the observed large-scale co-and post-seismic gravity changes were simulated using the 2D viscoelastic Earth model and the spectral-element method in VISCO2.5D. The results show that when the mantle viscosity coefficients are set to 2×1019 Pa·s on the oceanic side and 1×1019 Pa·s on the continental side of the seismogenic fault, with a subducting slab near the trench and an elastic lithospheric thickness of 60 km, the simulated post-seismic gravity changes closely match the GRACE observations. This indicates that the post-seismic gravity changes in the Sumatra region are primarily driven by mantle viscoelastic relaxation, with a negligible contribution from aftershock effects.

2024 Sumatra MW9.3 earthquake  /  GRACE  /  viscoelastic spherical earth model  /  gravity changes  /  seismic dislocation theory
张昊洋, 付广裕, 刘泰. 基于VISCO2.5D模型的苏门答腊地区地幔结构横向变化研究. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (7) : 903 -912 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349
Haoyang ZHANG, Guangyu FU, Tai LIU. Lateral Variations in Mantle Structure beneath the Sumatra Region Based on the VISCO2.5D Model[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (7) : 903 -912 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349
2004-12-26苏门答腊-安达曼地区发生MW9.3的巨大地震,震中位于安达曼-巽他俯冲带,使苏门答腊岛附近的一个封闭俯冲界面发生破裂,形成长达约1 300 km的破裂带(图 1)。该破裂带致使印度板块及澳大利亚板块相对巽他板块向东北偏北方向运动,引发巽他海沟斜向汇聚[1]。断层破裂从震中向西北方向传播,较大的破裂发生在震中西北数百公里处。垂直于巽他海沟测量的地震破裂宽度约为150 km,断层面上的最大位移超过20 m,同震位移影响范围达到6 000~7 000 km[2]。该地震致使俯冲断层上方海底抬升数米,引发大规模海啸,对印度洋周边海岸造成严重破坏。
众多学者围绕苏门答腊MW9.3地震开展研究,获得了一系列成果。Chlieh等[3]假定余滑为震后前40 d的形变主因,并利用震后40 d累积位移数据进行约束,发现该地震震后余滑释放的能量达到同震释放能量的30%,期间地幔黏弹性松弛对震后形变的影响基本被余滑效应掩盖。Wang[4]将实际地球简化为弹性可压缩、球对称、自重、麦克斯韦地球模型,使用黏弹性正态模理论进行模拟,发现该地区地幔楔黏度约为1×1019 Pa·s。张国庆等[5]使用麦克斯韦模型进行分析,发现发震断层上下两盘的地幔黏滞性系数分别为8×1018 Pa·s和1×1018 Pa·s,苏门答腊地区地幔黏滞性具有显著的横向差异,在较长时间尺度上,地幔黏滞性松弛效应是导致震后变形的主要因素。Pollitz等[6]提出了一种软流圈双黏性流变的震后模型——布格黏弹性体,其模拟结果能更好地拟合苏门答腊MW9.3地震远场的GPS时间序列。Han等[7]使用相同的流变结构解释GRACE观测到的区域尺度地震后大地水准面变化,得到苏门答腊地区浅层的稳态黏度在(5~10)×1018 Pa·s范围内。上述研究极大地推进了苏门答腊地区的地幔黏滞性结构研究。
震后形变机制呈现多因素耦合特征,主要受孔隙弹性效应(孔隙水回弹)、断层带震后余滑及地幔黏弹性松弛等物理过程共同调控。其中,孔隙水回弹效应作为近断层主导过程,主要体现在垂直位移上,且在时空分布及贡献量级上与后两者存在显著差异[8],因而在长期震后形变研究过程中经常被忽略。Hu等[9]基于不同参数的麦克斯韦模型进行模拟,发现苏门答腊地区近场和远场的震后形变中包含显著的震后余滑效应,但当使用布格模型进行解释时,震后余滑效应明显减小。Broerse等[10]结合远场的位移和GRACE卫星观测结果,对软流圈采用双线性布格黏弹性模型进行解释,发现震后余滑效应大大减少,甚至可以忽略。迄今为止,针对2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震震后重力变化机理的研究主要聚焦于震后余滑与地幔黏弹性松弛效应。
2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震不仅在震源区周边引发大规模地震变形,还永久改变了地球内部的质量分布,相关重力变化已被GRACE卫星成功观测到[11]。该地震系GRACE重力卫星发射升空后观测到的首个产生明显同震重力变化的大地震。除发生同震永久重力变化外,大地震往往伴随着随时间不断衰减的震后重力变化。GRACE卫星的长期观测数据显示,苏门答腊地区震后重力变化显著,反映出持续的质量再分配过程。GRACE观测资料能够清晰捕捉大型俯冲地震的长期重力变化,相比于GPS位移观测多聚焦于陆地区域,GRACE能够提供俯冲带大洋一侧更为丰富的观测数据,对发生在海洋中的大地震具有更好的约束能力。鉴于此,本文整合2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震震后87个月的GRACE观测资料,使用VISCO2.5D谱元法[12]对苏门答腊地区地幔黏滞性结构的横向变化进行约束,并据此讨论发震断裂带两侧构造性质的差异,以揭示苏门答腊地区地幔黏滞性结构的空间分布,提升区域地幔黏滞性结构的可信度。
本文采用CSR发布的Level2 RL06 GSM数据,其中包含完全归一化后的月度球谐系数[13]。为排除2012-04苏门答腊地震的影响,单独研究2004年苏门答腊地震引起的震中周围的震后区域重力场变化,采用2002-12—2012-03的数据(其中2003-06、2011-01、2011-06数据缺失,地震发生月2004-12数据舍弃不用)。
由于GRACE数据在生产过程中使用地球质心为参考原点,需要改正一阶项。同时, 因较高轨道倾角的缘故,GRACE数据对重力场的C20项不敏感,精度较低,故使用激光测距SLR观测的C20项进行替换。GRACE重力卫星的轨道高度约为450 km,采集到的重力信号随轨道高度增加而衰减,重力卫星主要获取的是中长波部分信号,这些信号携带大量高阶噪声。由于GRACE南北方向对地球的采样率和东西方向不一样,造成解算出的重力场模型球谐系数奇偶项存在系统性的相关误差,表现为时变重力场变化呈现南北条带效应[14],因此需要进行去相关滤波。根据前人的研究,本文采用P3M6方法对m=6阶以上的球谐系数奇偶项使用三次多项式拟合,再将拟合的结果从原始数据中扣除。在此基础上,为压制高阶噪声信号,进行半径为350 km的高斯平滑,经去相关和平滑处理后,可以较好地提取出重力变化信号(图 2)。
地震前后地表任意一点的重力值为[15]:
$\begin{gathered}g=\frac{\mathrm{GM}}{r^2} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N_{\max }}(n-1) \sum\limits_{m=0}^n P_{m n}(\sin \theta)\left(C_{m n} \cos (m \lambda)+\right. \\\left.S_{m n} \sin (m \lambda)\right)\end{gathered}$
式中,g为地表处重力加速度;G为地球的引力常数;M为地球质量;r为地球平均半径(取r=6 371 km);m、n分别为次数和阶数;Pmn为归一化缔合勒让德函数;θ和λ分别为余纬和经度;Cmn和Smn为GRACE平均月重力场完全规格化系数;Nmax为截断阶数,本文取60。
采用差分法与最小二乘法分别提取2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震伴随的同震重力信号。其中,差分法的计算原理是对前后2 a的平均重力场结果进行差分运算(式(2)),该方法能有效消除周年及亚周年尺度的周期性噪声信号[16]。
$\Delta g_c=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n_i} g_i / n_i-\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n_j} g_j / n_j$
式中,gi和gj分别为震后和震前的月度数据;Δgc为同震重力变化;ni和nj分别为24减去各自震前震后缺失月数的值。
为最大程度地降低非地震因素(如周年水文信号等)引起的系统误差,遵循以下数据处理原则:1) 剔除地震发生当月(GMT时间2004-12)的重力场观测数据;2) 排除所有存在数据缺失的月份;3) 同步移除对应年份同月份的数据以保证时间序列的一致性。基于上述数据处理规范,对2002—2006年的重力场数据进行系统处理,最终获得的同震重力变化结果如图 3(a)所示。
采用Linage等[17]提出的方法,对2002-12(震前2 a)—2012-03(2012-04-11苏门答腊MW8.6地震前)研究区域内各网格点数据进行最小二乘拟合。通过剔除季节性变化(包括周年、半周年变化及161 d正弦潮汐波)及常数项、震前趋势项等非地震因素的影响,获得了最小二乘法反演的同震重力变化空间分布。结果显示,该方法所得结果与差分法在空间分布特征上具有相似性,但在数值上存在显著差异。GRACE差分法提取的同震重力变化信号表明,地震在震中两侧分别产生了明显的重力增减,左侧为正,重力增加,最大为4.8 Gal;右侧为负,重力减小, 最大为-8.4 μGal。而GRACE最小二乘法提取的同震重力变化信号震中两侧变化趋势与差分法一致,数值略有不同,左侧最大为3.6 μGal, 右侧最大为-9.6 μGal。张国庆等[5]认为,这种差异可能源于同震阶跃信号与震后衰减效应的耦合作用。由于CSR等机构提供的GRACE数据为月尺度重力场产品,无法直接获取地震瞬态信号。因此,差分法提取的同震信号(图 3(a))实际包含了震后2 a内的重力变化信息。相比之下,最小二乘法通过外推获得的理论同震信号(图 3(b))受GRACE数据精度和样本量的限制,存在较大的反演误差。因此,本文沿用张国庆等[5]的方法,对差分法结果进行讨论。
随着时间的推移,断层西侧(下盘)重力场呈上升趋势,但断层东侧(上盘)没有明显变化,断层两侧的震后重力变化明显不同。为了清晰地分析地震导致的震后重力变化的时间特征,选取断层两侧重力变化最大的2个点A(94.65°E,0.85°N)、B(96.55°E,8.25°N)进行分析,这2个点地震导致的重力变化信号较大,有更高的信噪比。计算这2个点2004-12地震发生至2012-03的重力变化时间序列(图 4)。为了扣除非地震因素的影响,参考Chen等[18]的方法,对该地区地震发生前的数据采用最小二乘拟合提取年、半年周期水文因素影响和161 d周期潮汐波影响,利用式(3)对观测数据进行处理,以扣除相关因素的影响:
$\begin{gathered}g(t)=a_0+a_1 t+b_0 \sin \left(\omega_{161 \mathrm{~d}} t\right)+ \\c_0 \cos \left(\omega_0 t\right)+c_1 \cos \left(\omega_1 t\right)+ \\d_0 \sin \left(\omega_0 t\right)+d_1 \sin \left(\omega_1 t\right)\end{gathered}$
式中,g为重力变化;a0为常数项;a1为背景重力年际变化;后3项对应季节性信号,其中b0为161 d周期的正弦潮汐波的振幅,ω161 d=4.534 2π,1,c0、d0为周年振幅,c1、d1为半周年振幅,ω0=2π,ω1=4π。
图 4分别展示了A、B两点的重力变化时间序列,可以看出,A、B两点在2004年地震发生时都有明显的重力阶跃,大洋一侧A点的同震重力变化(3.6 μGal)要小于大陆一侧B点的同震重力变化(8.6 μGal)。该结果与张国庆等[5]和Chen等[18]的结果相同。而在震后重力变化方面,A、B两点所在区域震后重力变化趋势相同,均有所增加,但震后A点所在区域重力变化幅度较大,达到3.5 μGal,而B点重力变化幅度相对较小,仅为1.3 μGal。对比RL05时变重力场模型数据,RL06数据经处理得到的时间序列方差更小,且其震后重力变化的非线性特点,能够更显著地反映布格黏弹性松弛的特点。
为消除非地震因素的影响,采用差分法提取截止到2012-04前87个月的震后重力变化。背景场取震前2 a,即2002-12—2004-11的均值。图 5给出了GRACE卫星监测到的2004年苏门答腊地震震后重力时空分布演化过程, 震后重力变化在空间分布上表现为沿着印度板块、澳大利亚板块和巽他板块之间板块交界的正异常及东西两侧的负异常。其中, 2004年震后直到2012年苏门答腊地震期间,重力正变化最大的点为C(92.65°E,6.55°N),东西两侧重力负变化最大的点为D(84.75°E,6.05°N)和E(100.25°E,9.65°N),这3个点的震后重力变化信号较大,信噪比较高。可以发现,断层东边陆地一侧的点E重力变化要大于断层西边海洋一侧的点D,这意味着陆地一侧相对于海洋一侧具有较小的黏滞性系数。
本文使用VISCO2.5D谱元法数值模拟程序,针对目标研究区域开展震后重力变化模拟研究。该程序基于球坐标系构建计算模型,通过预设半径与方位角参数建立坐标系(r, θ, φ),并假定三维黏弹性地球介质结构相对于极点呈轴对称分布特征。在此基础上,基于轴对称自重黏弹性结构下的球形地球模型,计算地幔黏弹性松弛效应引发的震后重力变化。
本文建立的二维剖面模型(图 6)长1 600 km,深1 200 km,其在地球表面上的投影位置如图 1所示,弹性参数参考PREM地球模型[19],地表以下依次为:岩石圈弹性层(0~60 km)、软流圈(60~220 km)、软流圈外的上地幔(220~670 km)、下地幔(670~2 891 km)。其中,上地幔和下地幔为麦克斯韦黏弹性体,黏滞性系数分别为1020 Pa·s和1021Pa·s。参考前人对该地区的研究,设置软流圈为布格黏弹性体,开尔文体黏滞性系数η1和麦克斯韦体黏滞性系数η2比值α为0.3,剪切模量γ(γ =μk/μm)比值为0.33。布格黏弹性体由串联麦克斯韦单元和开尔文单元组成,麦克斯韦单元导致弹性变形和稳态蠕变,开尔文单元导致瞬态蠕变,在载荷变化后直接占主导地位。该模型被广泛地应用于震后黏弹性松弛的研究[7, 20]。
2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震的同震位错模型来源于Chlieh等[3],该滑动模型基于远场和近场的GPS测量、珊瑚礁垂直运动的现场和远场观测及海啸模型数据反演得来,并与正常模式和超长周期表面波的振幅进行了一致性检查,具有较好的可靠性。
GRACE观测到的重力变化是一种综合响应,不仅包含由于地震导致的固体地球层状结构的垂直位移和密度的改变,还包含由于海底垂直变形导致海水质量再分布引起的重力变化。海水质量再分布的影响包含水的再分配效应和海底表面弹性加载效应,其中海底表面弹性加载效应相比于水的再分配效应可以忽略不计。由于水的再分配效应导致的重力变化约占同震重力变化的30%,为使模拟结果能和GRACE观测结果进行对比,需要对模拟结果进行海水改正[21]。将海底垂直变形导致的海水扰动看成不可压缩的布格层,计算其重力扰动,并对模拟值加以改正。同时,因为本文对60阶的GRACE观测数据使用了去相关和高斯平滑,为了更直观地进行对比,需要对模拟结果使用球谐分解与综合的方法进行降阶,降至60阶内并采用相同的P3M6去相关和高斯平滑处理,计算得到同震和震后87个月的重力变化模拟值,其最优解的空间分布情况如图 7和8所示。比较图 3和7可知,本文模型很好地再现了同震重力变化,正重力变化误差约为0.6 μGal,负重力变化误差约为1.2 μGal。相对于2004-12苏门答腊地震的同震重力变化,2005-04尼亚斯地震的同震影响约为0.9 μGal,其震后影响可忽略不计。
前人研究已相对成功地解释了苏门答腊地震震后的区域黏弹性布格流变。自从Pollitz[12]将横向非均匀模型应用于震后形变的计算,大量与位移相关的研究都对横向非均匀模型进行了验证。然而,由于海洋侧GPS观测站的缺失,陆地位移对海底地下结构的敏感性有限,现有的、基于一定数量的大陆侧GPS站点的震后松弛数据并不能够有效支撑软流圈的横向黏滞性变化研究[22]。因此,GRACE卫星的观测资料,尤其是海洋一侧的震后重力变化信号,对于讨论洋陆软流圈黏滞性系数的差异至关重要。
本文仍然选取断层附近震后重力变化最大的3个点C(92.65°E,6.55°N)、D(84.75°E,6.05°N)、E(100.25°E,9.65°N)进行分析。在不区分海陆横向黏滞性差异(假设陆地与海洋横向黏滞性系数取值相同)时,对该黏滞性系数取值进行搜索,搜索范围为(1~30)×1018 Pa·s,结果见图 9和10。从图 9可以看出,在不区分洋陆黏滞性差异的情况下,当ηm=2×1019 Pa·s时,断层西侧印度洋上的点C模拟出的重力值变化时间序列与GRACE观测结果最为相近;而当ηm=1×1019Pa·s时,马来半岛北部也就是俯冲断层大陆一侧的点E模拟出的重力值变化时间序列最接近GRACE观测结果;而震后重力异常正异常最大的区域点D,当ηm=1×1019 Pa·s时,模拟与观测结果最为相近。总体而言,断层附近震后重力变化为正的点C附近区域黏滞性最小,断层两侧黏滞性较大。就震后重力都呈现负变化的C、D两点而言,位于点D黏滞性系数趋近于ηm=2×1019 Pa·s,显著大于点E附近的值,可见大陆与大洋两侧具有显著的黏滞性差异。
综上所述,基于GRACE卫星观测到的震后重力变化,用VISCO2.5D软件[23]来约束断层两侧海洋与大陆软流层黏滞性系数ηmocean、ηmland,其中大陆软流圈ηmland的搜索范围为(2~10)×1018Pa·s,海洋软流圈ηmocean搜索范围为(1~5)×1019 Pa·s。通过比较不同黏度下的GRACE观测震后重力变化和模拟震后重力变化发现,大陆和海洋上地幔黏度的最优解分别为1×1019 Pa·s和2×1019Pa·s (图 10)。这与张国庆等[5]得到的ηmocean=1×1018 Pa·s、ηmland=8×1018 Pa·s结论相反,这是因为张国庆等[5]选取的观测点为同震变化最大值点(图 3点A、B),实际上苏门答腊地震同震与震后重力变化有着截然不同的空间分布。单纯震后重力变化最大值点在空间上要更加分散(图 5点C、D、E)。同震重力变化最大值点A过于靠近板块边界,故得出的软流层黏滞性系数偏小,也不能代表海洋软流层黏滞性的特点。
首先,为了讨论板片的存在对于模拟结果的影响,将大陆和海洋的上地幔黏度分别设定为1×1019Pa·s和2×1019Pa·s,将弹性层厚度设定为60 km,并在此基础上设定没有下切板片、板片下切到220 km、板片下切到地下670 km三种场景,分别利用VISCO2.5D进行模拟,最后将3种模拟重力变化剖面(剖面位置的地表投影见图 1)与GRACE观测结果进行比较。结果表明,有无板片对于模拟计算结果存在较大影响,不计算弹性板片将会导致较大的误差,而板片下切深度则无显著影响,但板片下切至220 km时拟合情况较优,其中断层东部到安达曼海区域的模型拟合效果最佳。与观测值相比,海洋一侧的模拟重力变化有所低估,计算得到的重力变化最大值位置向东偏移。这可能与震后余滑和板块交界的低黏度区域有关。在使用黏度最优解模拟地震后3~6 a的重力变化时,不难发现海洋一侧被低估的部分在之后的震后重力变化中没有贡献(图 11(b))。此外,剖线东部中南半岛区域重力变化结果相差也较大,这主要是由于陆地水的影响导致。
其次,为了研究弹性层厚度对震后重力变化的影响,分别绘制了不同弹性层厚度下重力变化剖面(图 11(c)和11(d)),发现西侧C、D两点之间的弹性层厚度与同震滑动模型中约45 km的最大滑动所在位置及从地震间GPS数据分析推断的40~50 km锁定深度非常吻合[24],而东侧D、E两点之间弹性层厚度则约为60 km。该结果表明,除了软流层黏滞性系数以外,研究区域洋陆弹性层厚度也存在一定的横向差异,但GRACE观测数据对后者横向差异的约束能力远小于前者。
综上所述,当海洋与大陆软流层黏滞性系数分别取ηmocean=2×1019 Pa·s、ηmland=1×1019 Pa·s,板片下切至220~670 km,弹性层厚度取60 km时,模拟计算结果与GRACE观测结果最为接近。该结果与Hoechner等[20]使用GPS观测得到的弹性层厚度d=40 km有着显著的不同,可能原因为:1)Hoechner等[20]模拟计算的重力变化结果中没有考虑断层两侧横向黏滞性的差异,而将海洋侧更高黏度的贡献计算为了弹性层厚度的贡献;2)GPS的观测站集中于陆地一侧,海洋侧缺乏观测数据,约束能力有限,而本文使用的GRACE观测结果覆盖整个研究区域(包括海洋),因此研究结果更为可靠。
本文基于GRACE重力卫星的观测数据,获得2005—2012年由2004年苏门答腊MW9.3地震导致的震后重力变化,其时间序列与Chen等[18]和张国庆等[5]的结果基本一致。同时,本文基于Chlieh等[3]给出的断层滑动模型,利用VISCO-2.5D谱元法,计算出地震引起的同震与震后重力变化,得到了不同海陆黏滞性系数对应的震后重力变化模拟结果。根据GRACE观测获得的震后87个月的重力变化空间分布,结合震后重力变化观测结果与不同地球模型对应的模拟结果之间的均方根偏差进行定量分析,发现2004年苏门答腊地震发震断层两侧的地幔黏滞性结构存在着显著的差异,海洋侧的地幔黏滞性系数要明显大于陆地侧黏滞性系数。经过观测数据与模拟结果的反复拟合发现,当海洋与大陆软流层黏滞性系数分别取ηmocean=2×1019Pa·s、ηmland=1×1019Pa·s,存在海沟下插板片且弹性层厚度为60 km时,模拟的震后重力变化总体上与GRACE卫星观测结果最为接近,证实了苏门答腊地区地幔黏滞性横向差异的存在。最后,基于布格双黏度模型的模拟结果表明,苏门答腊地区的震后重力变化主要由地幔黏滞效应导致,震后余滑的影响很小。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42274008)
  • 国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1002700)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Hayes G P, Myers E K, Dewey J W, et al. Tectonic Summaries of Magnitude 7 and Greater Earthquakes from 2000 to 2015[R]. USGS Open-File Report, Reston, Virginia, 2017
2
王敏, 张培震, 沈正康, 等. 全球定位系统(GPS)测定的印尼苏门达腊巨震的远场同震地表位移[J]. 科学通报, 2006, 51 (3): 365- 368
Wang Min , Zhang Peizhen , Shen Zhengkang , et al. Far-Field Coseismic Surface Displacement of the Great Sumatra Earthquake in Indonesia Measured by Global Positioning System (GPS)[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51 (3): 365- 368
3
Chlieh M , Avouac J P , Hjorleifsdottir V , et al. Coseismic Slip and Afterslip of the Great MW9.15 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 2004[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2007, 97 (1A): 152- 173
4
Wang K L. Elastic and Viscoelastic Models of Crustal Deformation in Subduction Earthquake Cycles[M]//The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007
5
张国庆, 付广裕, 周新, 等. 利用震后黏弹性位错理论研究苏门答腊地震(MW9.3)的震后重力变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58 (5): 1654- 1665
Zhang Guoqing , Fu Guangyu , Zhou Xin , et al. Retrieve Post-Seismic Gravity Changes Induced by Sumatra Earthquake (MW9.3) Based on the Viscoelastic Dislocation Theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2015, 58 (5): 1654- 1665
6
Pollitz F F , Bürgmann R , Banerjee P . Post-Seismic Relaxation Following the Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake on a Compressible Self-Gravitating Earth[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2006, 167 (1): 397- 420
7
Han S C , Sauber J , Luthcke S B , et al. Implications of Postseismic Gravity Change Following the Great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from the Regional Harmonic Analysis of GRACE Intersatellite Tracking Data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2008, 113 (B11)
8
刘泰, 邹镇宇, 吴伟伟, 等. 利用黏弹性球体位错理论研究2004年苏门答腊地震震后效应对华南块体的影响[J]. 地球物理学报, 2024, 67 (9): 3424- 3435
Liu Tai , Zou Zhenyu , Wu Weiwei , et al. A Study of Post-Seismic Effect of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake on the South China Block Based on the Viscoelastic Spherical Dislocation Theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2024, 67 (9): 3424- 3435
9
Hu Y , Wang K L . Spherical-Earth Finite Element Model of Short-Term Postseismic Deformation Following the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2012, 117 (B5)
10
Broerse T , Riva R , Simons W , et al. Postseismic GRACE and GPS Observations Indicate a Rheology Contrast above and below the Sumatra Slab[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2015, 120 (7): 5343- 5361
11
Han S C , Shum C K , Bevis M , et al. Crustal Dilatation Observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J]. Science, 2006, 313 (5787): 658- 662
12
Pollitz F F . Post-Earthquake Relaxation Using a Spectral Element Method: 2.5-D Case[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2014, 198 (1): 308- 326
13
郭飞霄, 孙中苗, 任飞龙, 等. GRACE RL06与RL05时变重力场模型数据初步比较分析[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2020, 40 (5): 546- 550
Guo Feixiao , Sun Zhongmiao , Ren Feilong , et al. Preliminary Comparative Analysis of GRACE RL06 and RL05 Time-Variable Gravity Models[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2020, 40 (5): 546- 550
14
Swenson S , Wahr J . Post-Processing Removal of Correlated Errors in GRACE Data[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33 (8)
15
Hofmann-Wellenhof B, Moritz H. Modern Views on the Determination of the Figure of the Earth[M]//Physical Geodesy. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2006
16
严畅达, 徐亚. 基于GRACE RL05数据研究智利地震长期震后重力变化特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2019, 62 (6): 2115- 2127
Yan Changda , Xu Ya . Research of the Long-Term Gravity Change Pattern Related to Chile Earthquake via GRACE RL05 Data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2019, 62 (6): 2115- 2127
17
Linage C , Rivera L , Hinderer J , et al. Separation of Coseismic and Postseismic Gravity Changes for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from 4.6 Yr of GRACE Observations and Modelling of the Coseismic Change by Normal-Modes Summation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2009, 176 (3): 695- 714
18
Chen J L , Wilson C R , Tapley B D , et al. GRACE Detects Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation from the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34 (13)
19
Dziewonski A M , Anderson D L . Preliminary Reference Earth Model[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25 (4): 297- 356
20
Hoechner A , Sobolev S V , Einarsson I , et al. Investigation on Afterslip and Steady State and Transient Rheology Based on Postseismic Deformation and Geoid Change Caused by the Sumatra 2004 Earthquake[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2011, 12 (7)
21
周新. 利用现代大地测量数据研究2011日本东北大地震(MW9.0)的同震变形和断层滑动分布[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2013
Zhou Xin. Coseismic Deformation and Slip Characteristics from Modern Geodetic Data for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki (M9.0) Megathrust Earthquake[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013
22
Hu Y , Wang K , He J , et al. Three-Dimensional Viscoelastic Finite Element Model for Postseismic Deformation of the Great 1960 Chile Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2004, 109 (B12)
23
Pollitz F F . Coseismic and Post-Seismic Gravity Disturbance Induced by Seismic Sources Using a 2.5-D Spectral Element Method[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2020, 222 (2): 827- 844
24
Chlieh M , Avouac J P , Sieh K , et al. Heterogeneous Coupling of the Sumatran Megathrust Constrained by Geodetic and Paleogeodetic Measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2008, 113 (B5)
2026年第46卷第7期
36
13
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349
  • 接收时间:2025-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15
基金
国家自然科学基金(42274008)
国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1002700)
作者信息
    1 陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学(北京)), 北京, 100083
    2 中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京, 100083
    3 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京, 100036

通讯作者:

付广裕, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地震形变与地壳均衡研究, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.10.349
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏