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Article(id=1281933727018226072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.310, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757260800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783566417697, onlineDateStr=2026-07-09, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783566417697, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783566417697, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783566417697, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281909275651969257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='662', pageEnd='789', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783560588038, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783566454347, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=679, endPage=684, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281933727202775449, articleId=1281933727018226072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Accuracy Analysis of UT1-UTC Derived from VGOS and Synchronous S/X VLBI Intensive Observation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To systematically evaluate the accuracy performance of the next-generation VLBI global observing system (VGOS) in determining UT1-UTC, we process synchronous observation data from the 2024 VGOS-INT-A and traditional S/X-band IVS-INT-1 sessions using identical strategies, with the international IERS C04 series serving as the reference for accuracy assessment. The results indicate that, under identical station counts and geometric configurations, the number of observations per session for VGOS-INT-A (approximately 65) is significantly greater than that for IVS-INT-1 (approximately 30). The weighted root mean square (WRMS) of the post-fit delay residuals for both systems is comparable. Regarding UT1-UTC solution accuracy, VGOS-INT-A demonstrates a clear advantage over IVS-INT-1, the RMS of its deviation with the C04 series is ±0.046 ms, superior to the ±0.060 ms of the latter. Its mean formal error is 14.26 μs, while that of IVS-INT-1 is 30.38 μs. Furthermore, preliminary analysis of data from China's VGOS stations shows good formal error (22.11 μs) and high stability in the solutions, although external agreement accuracy still lags behind international levels. This research provides quantitative evidence for the precision efficacy of VGOS technology in practical applications and highlights its potential for high-frequency Earth orientation parameter monitoring.

, authors=Dan JIANG1, Huibin MA1, *, Jinhua LI1, Maowen GENG1, Jie MA1, authorsList=Dan JIANG, Huibin MA, Jinhua LI, Maowen GENG, Jie MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huibin MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281933730256228776, articleId=1281933727018226072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=利用VGOS与传统S/X加强型VLBI解算UT1-UTC的精度分析, columnId=1281909276545356011, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为系统评估新一代VLBI全球观测系统(VGOS)在UT1-UTC解算中的精度表现, 基于2024年VGOS-INT-A与传统S/X频段IVS-INT-1的同步观测数据, 采用相同处理策略进行解算, 并以国际IERS C04序列为参考进行精度评定。结果表明, 在相同测站数与几何构型下, VGOS-INT-A的单次观测量(约65个)显著多于IVS-INT-1(约30个), 二者时延拟合残差加权均方根(WRMS)相当。在UT1-UTC解算精度方面, VGOS-INT-A相较于IVS-INT-1具有明显优势, 其与C04序列偏差的RMS为±0.046 ms, 优于后者的±0.060 ms; 其平均形式误差为14.26 μs, 后者为30.38 μs。此外, 对国内VGOS测站数据的初步分析表明, 其解算结果平均形式误差为22.11 μs, 精度良好, 稳定性较高, 但在外符合精度方面与国际水平尚存差距。本研究为VGOS技术在实际应用中的精度效能提供了定量依据, 并指出其在高频地球定向参数监测中的潜力。

, authors=江丹1, 马慧斌1, *, 李金华1, 耿茂文1, 马婕1, authorsList=江丹, 马慧斌, 李金华, 耿茂文, 马婕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马慧斌, authorNote=

江丹, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量数据处理, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
马慧斌, 工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量学, E-mail:
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江丹, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量数据处理, E-mail:

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江丹, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量数据处理, E-mail:

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journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The accuracy of UT1-UTC solutions based on China's VGOS network, figureFileSmall=96fsHWXv0rHDVXBm+3nLDg==, figureFileBig=V13QbfKKNc+DPGtAqLzy+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933745355723233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=CN, label=图7, caption=国内VGOS台站解算UT1-UTC精度, figureFileSmall=96fsHWXv0rHDVXBm+3nLDg==, figureFileBig=V13QbfKKNc+DPGtAqLzy+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933745678684642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Detailed information of traditional S/X VLBI intensive observations and VGOS intensive observations

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指标 传统VLBI加强观测 VGOS加强观测
观测频段 S/X双频段(2.3/8.4 GHz) 宽带连续覆盖(2~14 GHz)
观测时长 1 h 1 h
时延观测精度 20~50 ps 5~10 ps
数据处理流程 分段平差 频段联合解算
主要误差源 电离层模型误差、钟差与硬件延迟 对流层湿延迟(短时变化)、信号相位噪声
), ArticleFig(id=1281933747381572068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

传统VLBI加强观测与VGOS加强观测详细情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 传统VLBI加强观测 VGOS加强观测
观测频段 S/X双频段(2.3/8.4 GHz) 宽带连续覆盖(2~14 GHz)
观测时长 1 h 1 h
时延观测精度 20~50 ps 5~10 ps
数据处理流程 分段平差 频段联合解算
主要误差源 电离层模型误差、钟差与硬件延迟 对流层湿延迟(短时变化)、信号相位噪声
), ArticleFig(id=1281933747708727781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Accuracy statistics of the solved results obtained from different observations

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观测类型 RMS/ms 平均形式精度/us 形式精度小于等于20 us的次数占比/%
VGOS-INT-A 0.046 14.26 83.7
IVS-INT-1 0.060 30.38 32.3
), ArticleFig(id=1281933747876499942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同解算结果的精度统计

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观测类型 RMS/ms 平均形式精度/us 形式精度小于等于20 us的次数占比/%
VGOS-INT-A 0.046 14.26 83.7
IVS-INT-1 0.060 30.38 32.3
), ArticleFig(id=1281933748153324007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Accuracy statistics of UT1-UTC solutions obtained from different networks

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区域 观测基线 形式误差/μs RMS/ms
国内 S6Um-S6TmUm 22.11 0.189
国际 K2-Ws 14.26 0.046
), ArticleFig(id=1281933748270764520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933727018226072, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同观测网的UT1-UTC精度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域 观测基线 形式误差/μs RMS/ms
国内 S6Um-S6TmUm 22.11 0.189
国际 K2-Ws 14.26 0.046
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利用VGOS与传统S/X加强型VLBI解算UT1-UTC的精度分析
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江丹 1 , 马慧斌 1, * , 李金华 1 , 耿茂文 1 , 马婕 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 大地测量学 2026,46(6): 679-684
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大地测量与地球动力学 |大地测量学 2026 , 46 (6) : 679 -684
利用VGOS与传统S/X加强型VLBI解算UT1-UTC的精度分析
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江丹1 , 马慧斌1, * , 李金华1, 耿茂文1, 马婕1
作者信息
  • 1 61363部队, 西安市, 710054
通讯作者:
马慧斌, 工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量学, E-mail:
作者简介:

江丹, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量数据处理, E-mail:

Accuracy Analysis of UT1-UTC Derived from VGOS and Synchronous S/X VLBI Intensive Observation
Dan JIANG1 , Huibin MA1, * , Jinhua LI1, Maowen GENG1, Jie MA1
Affiliations
  • 1 61363 Troops, Xi'an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.310
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摘要
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为系统评估新一代VLBI全球观测系统(VGOS)在UT1-UTC解算中的精度表现, 基于2024年VGOS-INT-A与传统S/X频段IVS-INT-1的同步观测数据, 采用相同处理策略进行解算, 并以国际IERS C04序列为参考进行精度评定。结果表明, 在相同测站数与几何构型下, VGOS-INT-A的单次观测量(约65个)显著多于IVS-INT-1(约30个), 二者时延拟合残差加权均方根(WRMS)相当。在UT1-UTC解算精度方面, VGOS-INT-A相较于IVS-INT-1具有明显优势, 其与C04序列偏差的RMS为±0.046 ms, 优于后者的±0.060 ms; 其平均形式误差为14.26 μs, 后者为30.38 μs。此外, 对国内VGOS测站数据的初步分析表明, 其解算结果平均形式误差为22.11 μs, 精度良好, 稳定性较高, 但在外符合精度方面与国际水平尚存差距。本研究为VGOS技术在实际应用中的精度效能提供了定量依据, 并指出其在高频地球定向参数监测中的潜力。

甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)  /  VLBI全球观测系统(VGOS)  /  加强观测  /  UT1-UTC  /  精度分析

To systematically evaluate the accuracy performance of the next-generation VLBI global observing system (VGOS) in determining UT1-UTC, we process synchronous observation data from the 2024 VGOS-INT-A and traditional S/X-band IVS-INT-1 sessions using identical strategies, with the international IERS C04 series serving as the reference for accuracy assessment. The results indicate that, under identical station counts and geometric configurations, the number of observations per session for VGOS-INT-A (approximately 65) is significantly greater than that for IVS-INT-1 (approximately 30). The weighted root mean square (WRMS) of the post-fit delay residuals for both systems is comparable. Regarding UT1-UTC solution accuracy, VGOS-INT-A demonstrates a clear advantage over IVS-INT-1, the RMS of its deviation with the C04 series is ±0.046 ms, superior to the ±0.060 ms of the latter. Its mean formal error is 14.26 μs, while that of IVS-INT-1 is 30.38 μs. Furthermore, preliminary analysis of data from China's VGOS stations shows good formal error (22.11 μs) and high stability in the solutions, although external agreement accuracy still lags behind international levels. This research provides quantitative evidence for the precision efficacy of VGOS technology in practical applications and highlights its potential for high-frequency Earth orientation parameter monitoring.

very long baseline interferometry (VLBI)  /  VLBI global observing system (VGOS)  /  intensive observation  /  UT1-UTC  /  accuracy analysis
江丹, 马慧斌, 李金华, 耿茂文, 马婕. 利用VGOS与传统S/X加强型VLBI解算UT1-UTC的精度分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (6) : 679 -684 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.310
Dan JIANG, Huibin MA, Jinhua LI, Maowen GENG, Jie MA. Accuracy Analysis of UT1-UTC Derived from VGOS and Synchronous S/X VLBI Intensive Observation[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (6) : 679 -684 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.310
正文
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地球定向参数的精确测定是天体测量学与空间大地测量学的核心任务之一，其中UT1-UTC参数可表征地球自转角的变化规律，反映地球自转的物理特性，对卫星导航定轨、深空探测及天文参考架维持具有不可替代的作用[1-2]。尤其是在高精度测绘与应急响应等领域，对UT1-UTC的实时测定与高精度预报需求极为迫切[3-6]。甚长基线干涉测量技术(very long baseline interferometry, VLBI)凭借其独特的空间分辨能力，成为快速获取UT1-UTC参数的核心手段。
国际VLBI服务组织(International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry, IVS)实施的加强观测(intensive observations, INT)模式，以其观测时间短、处理速度快的特点，成为实现近实时UT1-UTC服务的主要方式[1, 7]。随着VLBI技术体系的演进，新一代VLBI全球观测系统(VLBI global observing system, VGOS)已投入运行。VGOS通过宽带信号设计(2~14 GHz)与更高的数据记录速率(如8 Gbps)，旨在显著提升观测效率和精度[8-9]。在各类加强观测中，传统S/X频段的IVS-INT-1与VGOS系列的VGOS-INT-A观测频次最高、数据最为连续。尤为重要的是，VGOS-INT-A所采用的Kokee12M(K2)与Wettzell13S(Ws)测站，与传统IVS-INT-1所用的Kokee Park(Kk)与Wettzell(Wz)测站为并置站，这种基线构型与观测时间的同步性，为在相同几何条件下客观比较2种技术体系解算UT1-UTC的精度差异提供了独特的数据基础。
本文基于2024年VGOS-INT-A与IVS-INT-1的同步观测数据，系统解算并对比分析二者在确定UT1-UTC参数时的精度表现，重点评估数据质量指标及其与国际权威产品(IERS C04)的符合程度，旨在为评判VGOS技术升级的实际效益提供定量依据。
1 观测数据概况
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1.1 实验数据获取与观测模式演进
本实验选取CDDIS数据中心发布的2024年IVS-INT-1与VGOS-INT-A观测数据作为基础数据进行自主解算，这2种模式是各自技术体系中观测频次最高、数据连续性最好的加强观测类型，具备良好的可比性。
IVS组织的加强观测(INT)是获取近实时UT1-UTC的关键。其主要类型包括周一至周五开展的IVS-INT-1(记录速率为128 Mbps)、周末开展的IVS-INT-2(记录速率为256 Mbps)及每周一开展的IVS-INT-3(记录速率为1 Gbps)[10-11]。2019年，随着新版观测纲要软件的发布，INT-2与INT-3的观测策略得以优化，精度显著提升[10, 12-13]。
作为下一代VLBI技术，VGOS观测已全面采用8 Gbps的记录速率[8-9]。首个VGOS加强观测项目VGOS-INT-B于2020-01启动，随后VGOS-INT-A于2020-02开始运行，其核心测站为Kokee12M(K2)和Wettzell13S(Ws)[9]。本研究采用的IVS-INT-1数据对应的基线为Kokee Park(Kk)与Wettzell(Wz)。K2与Kk、Ws与Wz分别为并置的VGOS站与传统S/X站。这种独特的并置站设计与同步观测安排，可确保2种技术体系在几乎相同的网型结构与观测时间下获取数据，为客观比较其解算UT1-UTC的精度差异奠定了理想的数据基础。
1.2 实验站点
图 1为参与2024年加强型VLBI观测的VGOS网络分布，截至2024年底，VGOS网络至少包括11个核心测站(位于10个不同的地方)。图中蓝色三角形为VGOS测站，主要射电望远镜包括ONSA13NE/SW(Oe+Ow, 瑞典)、ISHIOKA(Is, 日本)、WETTZ13S(Ws, 德国)、RAEGYEB(Yj, 西班牙)、WESTFORD(Wf, 美国)、Kokee12M(K2, 美国)、GGAO12M(Gs, 美国)、MACGO12M(Mg, 美国)、Ny-Ålesund North 13M(Nn, 挪威)、Hobart12(Hb, 澳大利亚)。
本实验聚焦的VGOS-INT-A观测模式，其核心为K2与Ws测站构成的基线。该基线长约11 000 km，经度跨度达171.52°，纬度差异为27.02°，形成了对UT1-UTC参数变化极为敏感的强非共面几何构型[4]。凭借其超长距离、高灵敏度及自动化观测能力，VGOS-INT-A模式在全球UT1-UTC监测中占据重要地位。
图 1中VGOS-INT-A观测类型的测站为K2、Ws，基线为蓝色虚线；IVS-INT-1观测类型的测站为Kk、Wz，基线为红色实线。VGOS与传统S/X测站的参数配置情况如表 1所示。
与传统S/X VLBI观测相比，VGOS系统的宽带信号设计与观测模式为其实现UT1-UTC的高精度解算提供了基础。VGOS工作在2~14 GHz的连续频谱，并划分为4个3 GHz宽的重叠子频段，通过多频段同步记录技术实现频带互补。在数据预处理层面，系统采用多相滤波组技术将每个子频段划分为多个通道进行处理，总有效带宽通常大于等于11 GHz。观测数据以大于等于16 Gbps的速率进行8比特量化采样，并采用非均匀量化策略优化信噪比。在相关处理中，积分时间通常设置为1 s，并基于信噪比动态调整。预处理流程可有效抑制射频干扰及仪器噪声的影响，确保后续用于UT1-UTC解算的群时延观测量的高精度与可靠性。该信号架构通过多子频段协同观测与动态参数调整，为UT1-UTC的亚微秒级解算提供了高稳定性的时延观测数据基础[8, 11-12]。数据预处理流程如图 2所示。
1.3 观测数据分析
选取2024年VGOS和传统S/X同时段的189次观测数据进行处理，数据覆盖全年，对数据的观测量和时延拟合残差进行分析，结果如图 3、4所示。图 3中橙色点为VGOS对应时段的观测量，蓝色点为传统S/X对应时段的观测量，在基线长度基本一致和参与台站数相同的情况下，传统VLBI站网只能选择S频段(约2 GHz)和X频段(约8 GHz)，VGOS可同时观测2~14 GHz频率范围内的4个频段，且比传统天线更小、积分时间更短、旋转速度更快[7, 10]。图 3可见，2024年VGOS观测每次观测的数据量在65个左右，显著优于同时段传统S/X VLBI观测(数据量约为30个)，VGOS测段每次参与的台站数与传统观测台站数相同，但VGOS测段可以在单位时间内进行更多观测。
图 4为VGOS与传统S/X观测在时延拟合残差方面的对比结果。VGOS观测的时延拟合残差约为40 ps，略高于传统S/X观测的38 ps，二者均处于当前VLBI加强型观测的典型残差范围内，但VGOS的残差表现并未显著优于传统系统。这一现象可能反映出在现有处理流程中，VGOS系统所特有的某些误差源尚未被充分建模或有效抑制。尽管VGOS具备宽频带观测能力，理论上可有效削弱电离层延迟等部分系统误差，但在实际数据处理中，仍可能受仪器系统偏差、对流层湿延迟的短时波动、观测信号在宽频段内的非理想响应等因素的影响，导致其拟合残差未能达到预期水平。后续需结合更多辅助观测与系统校准数据，进一步识别并量化其中的关键误差来源。
2 参数解算与结果分析
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2.1 解算基准与模型
本文采用nuSolve软件进行UT1-UTC参数的单次解算。解算所使用的观测量为VGOS宽带观测获得的群时延，该观测量已预先消除电离层延迟影响，并完成了仪器电缆时延等系统误差改正。解算过程中所采用的主要模型与先验数据如下。
1) 参考框架：射电源位置基于ICRF3，测站坐标采用ITRF2020。
2) 地球物理模型：岁差与章动模型采用IAU2006/2000A模型；固体潮、海潮及大气潮负荷等效应均已按IERS2010规范加以改正。
3) 对流层延迟处理：采用VMF3映射函数，并估计各测站的湿大气天顶延迟参数。
4) 其他改正：严格引入相对论时延与射电望远镜热形变修正。
5) 先验值：地球定向参数初值来源于自主解算序列。
在单次解模式下，每次观测独立估计以下参数：2个测站的湿天顶延迟改正值、1个站间相对钟差改正值，以及1个核心的UT1改正值(ΔUT1)。
2.2 精度评价
UT1-UTC精度评估分为内符合精度和外符合精度2种评估方式。其中，内符合精度采用解算结果的形式精度，外符合精度采用解算值与参考值(IERS网站公布的EOP C04序列)对比结果。在进行外符合精度评估时，由于每次VLBI观测数据解算的UT1-UTC序列历元时间不同，并不严格以0时作为起始时刻，比较文件IERS C04产品时间为24：00，需要将解算结果与IERS C04序列历元进行统一，将比较文件IERS C04序列插值到对应的解算时刻。在插值前需要进行固体潮改正和高频项改正，高频项的修正量级在10-3 ms以内，对插值精度几乎无影响；固体潮带来的误差会随着采样间隔的增大而明显增大，本次实验数据连续，固体潮影响较小，故不考虑固体潮和高频项影响[13]。
统计解算结果的平均形式误差和与IERS C04序列的均方根(RMS)，对比分析VGOS-INT-A解算序列和传统IVS-INT-1序列精度差异。在统计过程中，根据参考文献[1]的方法，将内符合精度大于0.1 ms的点作为粗差点进行剔除，不参与统计。RMS计算公式为：
$\mathrm{RMS}_{\mathrm{VGOS}}=\sqrt{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n\left(\Delta \mathrm{UT} 1_{\mathrm{VGOS}}-\Delta \mathrm{UT} 1_{\mathrm{IERS}}\right)^2 / n}$
$\mathrm{RMS}_{\mathrm{S} / \mathrm{X}}=\sqrt{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n\left(\Delta \mathrm{UT} 1_{\mathrm{S} / \mathrm{X} i}-\Delta \mathrm{UT} 1_{\mathrm{IERS} i}\right)^2 / n}$
式中，RMSVGOS表示VGOS-INT-A观测资料解算UT1-UTC的均方根；RMSS/X表示传统S/X频段IVS-INT-1观测资料解算UT1-UTC的均方根；ΔUT1VGOSi表示VGOS-INT-A观测资料解算的地球自转角不规则特征参数UT1-UTC序列；ΔUT1S/Xi表示传统S/X频段IVS-INT-1观测资料解算的地球定向参数序列；ΔUT1IERSi表示IERS发布的IERS C04序列；n表示分析的实验数据次数。
2.3 实验结果分析
对2024年VGOS-INT-A与传统S/X VLBI的IVS-INT-1观测数据进行解算和评估，对2种类型观测数据解算结果的内符合精度和外符合精度RMS进行统计，结果如表 2所示。解算完成后的UT1-UTC序列与IERS C04相应参数序列的差值结果如图 5所示，各量级形式精度观测次数情况如图 6所示。
由图 5可见，利用不同类型观测数据进行解算，未表现出明显的系统误差，UT1-UTC偏差序列除少数偏差在0.1 ms以上，主要集中在-0.1~0.1 ms之间，整个同步对比实验数据解算结果较为稳定和可靠。总体而言，VGOS-INT-A解算偏差整体平缓，在-0.045~0.045 ms之间，IVS-INT-1解算偏差稍有起伏，在-0.098~0.098 ms之间。由表 2可见，VGOS-INT-A和IVS-INT-1解算结果的RMS分别为0.046 ms和0.060 ms，VGOS-INT-A解算结果优于IVS-INT-1。
由图 6可见, 在相同观测次数下，VGOS-INT-A解算结果的形式精度在0~5 μs附近的观测次数明显多于传统IVS-INT-1的观测次数，且VGOS-INT-A形式误差大多在5~20 μs之间，IVS-INT-1形式误差大多在10~60 μs之间。从表 2中统计的平均形式误差和本次实验解算的形式误差占比情况来看，VGOS-INT-A平均形式误差为14.26 μs，传统IVS-INT-1平均形式误差为30.38 μs，VGOS-INT-A解算结果的形式精度显著优于传统IVS-INT-1；同时，VGOS-INT-A解算结果的形式精度在20 μs以内的观测次数占本次实验总次数的83.7%，传统IVS-INT-1占32.3%。可以得出，通过VGOS观测数据解算的UT1-UTC精度更高、更稳定。
2.4 国内VGOS系统加强型观测解算分析
从2022年起，国内VGOS台站(上海2个台站和新疆1个台站)也在进行不定期观测，但观测时间不连续，本文选择较为连续的观测时段(2023-06-10—08-11)的22次观测数据开展解算分析，剔除一次粗差较大的解算，精度评估方法与解算国际VGOS-INT-A观测数据保持一致，解算使用的EOP先验值与解算国际数据不同，采用的是将国内解算数据作为基础数据所预报出的EOP序列。国内解算结果精度如图 7所示，与国际同期比较情况如表 3所示。
从图 7和表 3可以看出，国内VGOS解算UT1-UTC的形式精度(均值22.11 μs)与国际结果(均值14.26 μs)相当，表明解算过程本身的内符合精度良好，但其与IERS C04序列偏差的RMS(0.189 ms)显著大于国际解算结果(0.046 ms)，反映出外符合精度存在显著差异。这一差距不能简单归因于国内基线的东西向构型或长度较短，而是多因素共同作用的结果：首要原因在于国内解算采用的EOP先验值源于国内数据预报序列，而非高精度国际产品，导致先验误差被直接传递和放大；其次，国内实验的有效观测次数(22次)远低于国际VGOS-INT-A(189次)，有限的数据量会削弱解算结果的统计稳健性；此外，国内VGOS系统处于发展初期，在仪器偏差标定、对流层延迟建模等误差抑制方面与国际优化流程尚存差距，国际K2-Ws基线凭借其超长跨度和近180°经差所构成的极优几何构型，在提升UT1灵敏度与参数分离能力上具备先天优势。上述系统性因素的综合影响造成了国内外偏差差距显著。
3 结语
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本文基于2024年VGOS-INT-A与传统IVS-INT-1同步观测数据，系统分析2类数据在UT1-UTC解算中的精度差异，得到以下结论：
1) VGOS系统在单位时间内获取的观测量显著多于传统S/X系统，体现出其在观测效率方面的优势。
2) 尽管VGOS的时延拟合残差与传统系统水平相当，但其解算得到的UT1-UTC参数在形式精度和外部符合精度上均显著更优，验证了VGOS技术在提升UT1-UTC测定精度方面的实际效能。
3) 国内VGOS台站的解算结果表现出良好的内符合精度与稳定性，但由于先验EOP精度、观测数据量以及数据处理模型成熟度等因素，其外符合精度与国际VGOS结果仍有差距。
随着VGOS全球网络的不断完善、观测频次的增加以及数据处理模型的持续优化，VGOS有望在地球自转参数的高精度、近实时监测中发挥更重要的作用。我国应进一步加强VGOS台站建设与观测统筹，推动数据处理自主化与标准化，以提升UT1-UTC自主测定的能力与精度。
基金
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  • 空间基准全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLSD2026-KF-03)
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1
马卓希, 李广云, 张中凯, 等. 国际世界时产品现状与CNVN网的观测能力评估[J]. 导航定位学报, 2025, 13 (4): 219- 227
Ma Zhuoxi , Li Guangyun , Zhang Zhongkai , et al. Current Status of International UT1-UTC Products and Observational Capabilities of the CNVN Network[J]. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2025, 13 (4): 219- 227
2
姚当. 基于13米宽带VLBI系统的UT1自主测定研究[D]. 西安: 中国科学院国家授时中心, 2021
Yao Dang. Study of the UT1 Measurement with the 13 m Broadband VLBI Network[D]. Xi'an: National Time Service Center, CAS, 2021)
3
郭丽, 甘江英, 舒逢春, 等. 基于我国VGOS网的UT1加强观测与评估[J/OL]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, https://link.cnki.net/urlid/42.1676.TN.20250506.1508.002, 2025-05-07
Guo Li, Gan Jiangying, Shu Fengchun, et al. UT1 Intensive Measurements and Evaluation Based on China's VGOS Network[J/OL]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, https://link.cnki.net/urlid/42.1676.TN.20250506.1508.002, 2025-05-07
4
Nothnagel A , Schnell D . The Impact of Errors in Polar Motion and Nutation on UT1 Determinations from VLBI Intensive Observations[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2008, 82 (12): 863- 869
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Dieck C, Johnson M. A New Wiggle in the Wobble Uncovering Periodic Signals in Intensive Series[C]. IVS 2023 General Meeting, Westford, Massachusetts, 2023
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张志斌, 王广利, 刘祥, 等. 中国VLBI网观测地球定向参数能力分析[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2013, 38 (8): 911- 915
Zhang Zhibin , Wang Guangli , Liu Xiang , et al. Analysis of EOP Determination via Chinese VLBI Network[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2013, 38 (8): 911- 915
7
Nothnagel A , Artz T , Behrend D , et al. International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry: Delivering High-Quality Products and Embarking on Observations of the Next Generation[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2017, 91 (7): 711- 721
8
马慧斌, 秦文振, 江丹, 等. 基于VGOS与同步S/X VLBI解算地球自转参数的精度评估[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025, 45 (9): 894- 898
Ma Huibin , Qin Wenzhen , Jiang Dan , et al. Accuracy Assessment of Earth Rotation Parameters Derived from VGOS and Synchronous S/X VLBI Solutions[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025, 45 (9): 894- 898
9
Haas R , Varenius E , Matsumoto S , et al. Observing UT1-UTC with VGOS[J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2021, 73 (1)
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Schartner M , Plötz C , Soja B . Improvements and Comparison of VLBI INT2 and INT3 Session Performance[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2022, 96 (4)
11
Baver K , Gipson J . Balancing Source Strength and Sky Coverage in IVS-INT01 Scheduling[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2020, 94 (2)
12
Schartner M , Kern L , Nothnagel A , et al. Optimal VLBI Baseline Geometry for UT1-UTC Intensive Observations[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2021, 95 (7)
13
马卓希, 李广云, 姚当, 等. VLBI观测频次对UT1加密精度的影响[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025, 45 (9): 905- 909
Ma Zhuoxi , Li Guangyun , Yao Dang , et al. Impact of VLBI Observation Frequency on the Accuracy of UT1 Determination[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025, 45 (9): 905- 909
2026年第46卷第6期
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文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.09.310
  • 接收时间：2025-09-08
  • 首发时间：2026-07-09
  • 出版时间：2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-08
基金
空间基准全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLSD2026-KF-03)
作者信息
    1 61363部队, 西安市, 710054

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马慧斌, 工程师, 主要研究方向为空间大地测量学, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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