Article(id=1281933691203063957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1754323200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783566409159, onlineDateStr=2026-07-09, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783566409159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783566409159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783566409159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281909275651969257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='662', pageEnd='789', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783560588038, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783566454347, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281933881221812906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1281909275651969257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=668, endPage=678, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281933691400196246, articleId=1281933691203063957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Orbit Determination Accuracy of GRACE-FO, SWARM and SENTINEL Satellites with Single-Difference Ambiguity Resolution, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the methods of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite orbit determination and inter-satellite single-difference ambiguity resolution, this paper utilizes uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) and observable-specific signal bias (OSB) products to achieve precise orbit determination for eight LEO satellites, namely GRACE-C/D, SWARM-A/B/C, and SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A, and evaluates the impact of these two products on orbit determination accuracy. The results indicate that both products achieve a nearly 100% fixed rate for wide-lane ambiguities; except for the GRACE satellites, which have a narrow-lane fixed rate of approximately 85%, the remaining satellites achieve rates close to 95%. Ambiguity resolution significantly enhances orbit determination accuracy, with the fixed solutions obtained using UPD and OSB products showing comparable three-dimensional accuracy, reaching 1.5 cm, 1.7 cm, and 0.9 cm for the GRACE-FO, SWARM, and SENTINEL series satellites, respectively, representing improvements of up to 50% compared to the float solutions. Additionally, a multi-system analysis of the SENTINEL-6A satellite reveals that the fixed solution accuracy for the combined GPS/Galileo orbit determination is 0.9 cm, representing improvements of 10% and 18% compared to single-GPS and single-Galileo systems, respectively. This study confirms that ambiguity resolution can effectively improve the orbit determination accuracy of LEO satellites and provides a reference for future research on orbit determination for large-scale LEO constellations.

, authors=Yousi ZHENG1, Zhixin YANG1, 2, *, Bin WANG2, Hui LIU3, Feifei TANG1, Na LIN1, Qimeng WEI4, Huan ZHANG1, authorsList=Yousi ZHENG, Zhixin YANG, Bin WANG, Hui LIU, Feifei TANG, Na LIN, Qimeng WEI, Huan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhixin YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281933695493836967, articleId=1281933691203063957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=星间单差模糊度固定的GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL卫星定轨精度分析, columnId=1281909276545356011, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于低轨(LEO)卫星定轨和星间单差模糊度固定方法, 分别使用未校准相位延迟(uncalibrated phase delay, UPD)和绝对信号偏差(observable-specific signal bias, OSB)产品, 实现了GRACE-C/D、SWARM-A/B/C、SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A八颗LEO卫星的精密定轨, 并评估这2种产品对定轨精度的影响。结果显示, 2种产品均实现了近100%的宽巷模糊度固定率; 除GRACE卫星窄巷固定率约为85%外, 其余卫星窄巷固定率均接近95%。模糊度固定显著提升了定轨精度, 使用UPD和OSB产品获得的固定解三维精度相当, GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL系列卫星分别达到1.5 cm、1.7 cm和0.9 cm, 较浮点解提升最高达50%。此外, 对SENTINEL-6A卫星的多系统分析显示, GPS/Galileo组合定轨固定解精度为0.9 cm, 较单GPS和单Galileo系统分别提升约10%和18%。研究证实, 模糊度固定能有效提高LEO卫星定轨精度, 为未来大规模LEO星座定轨研究提供参考。

, authors=郑有司1, 杨志鑫1, 2, *, 王斌2, 刘晖3, 唐菲菲1, 林娜1, 魏启蒙4, 张桓1, authorsList=郑有司, 杨志鑫, 王斌, 刘晖, 唐菲菲, 林娜, 魏启蒙, 张桓, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨志鑫, authorNote=

郑有司, 硕士生, 主要从事低轨卫星精密定轨研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨志鑫, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事低轨卫星导航增强GNSS研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FWdIINAV5kdYhIDO2VUSJg==, magXml=Ck/7jBL6AyMug2HmId//2Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wYHP6akjbx4K/DUj1U20mA==, pdfFileSize=3632424, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=S97YWjSyGrXYU3MQiGCwOQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=W13XJ94Cu714bRkWC6rJVA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1281933697909756085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1838204515@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933697985253559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933697909756085, language=EN, stringName=Yousi ZHENG, firstName=Yousi, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698169802936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933697909756085, language=CN, stringName=郑有司, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio={"content":"

郑有司, 硕士生, 主要从事低轨卫星精密定轨研究, E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郑有司, 硕士生, 主要从事低轨卫星精密定轨研究, E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])]), Author(id=1281933698299826362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhixinyang@cqjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698396295357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698299826362, language=EN, stringName=Zhixin YANG, firstName=Zhixin, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698484375742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698299826362, language=CN, stringName=杨志鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074
2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281933697574211755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697582600364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697590988973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147)])]), Author(id=1281933698580844736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698685702338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698580844736, language=EN, stringName=Bin WANG, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698782171331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698580844736, language=CN, stringName=王斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933697574211755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697582600364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697590988973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147)])]), Author(id=1281933698996080837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699100938439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698996080837, language=EN, stringName=Hui LIU, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699176435912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698996080837, language=CN, stringName=刘晖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933697662292142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697670680751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697662292142, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697683263664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697662292142, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079)])]), Author(id=1281933699331625162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699486814412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699331625162, language=EN, stringName=Feifei TANG, firstName=Feifei, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699566506189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699331625162, language=CN, stringName=唐菲菲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])]), Author(id=1281933699654586575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699767832785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699654586575, language=EN, stringName=Na LIN, firstName=Na, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699881078994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699654586575, language=CN, stringName=林娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])]), Author(id=1281933699943993556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700036268246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699943993556, language=EN, stringName=Qimeng WEI, firstName=Qimeng, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4 China Satellite Network Exploration Co Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700120154327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699943993556, language=CN, stringName=魏启蒙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933697804898481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697813287090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697804898481, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 China Satellite Network Exploration Co Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697821675699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697804898481, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121)])]), Author(id=1281933700199846105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700287926491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933700199846105, language=EN, stringName=Huan ZHANG, firstName=Huan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700380201180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933700199846105, language=CN, stringName=张桓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1281933700480864477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite), Keyword(id=1281933702116643042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=precision orbit determination (POD)), Keyword(id=1281933702192140515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=ambiguity resolution), Keyword(id=1281933702284415204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=uncalibrated phase delay (UPD)), Keyword(id=1281933702372495589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=observable-specific signal bias (OSB)), Keyword(id=1281933702447993062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=低轨卫星), Keyword(id=1281933702540267751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=精密定轨), Keyword(id=1281933702619959528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=模糊度固定), Keyword(id=1281933702695457001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=未校正相位延迟(UPD)), Keyword(id=1281933702766760170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=绝对信号偏差(OSB))], refs=[Reference(id=1281933708693311763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Wu S C, Yunck T P, Thornton C L, journalName=Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wu S C , Yunck T P , Thornton C L . Reduced-Dynamic Technique for Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Satellites[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1991, 14 (1): 24- 30, articleTitle=Reduced-Dynamic Technique for Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Satellites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933708760420628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=99, issue=C12, pageStart=24369, pageEnd=24381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=Fu L L, Christensen E J, Yamarone C A Jr, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Fu L L , Christensen E J , Yamarone C A Jr , et al. TOPEX/POSEIDON Mission Overview[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1994, 99 (C12): 24369- 24381, articleTitle=TOPEX/POSEIDON Mission Overview, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933708823335189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=38, issue=9, pageStart=1009, pageEnd=1013, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=张小红, 李盼, 左翔, journalName=武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张小红, 李盼, 左翔. 固定模糊度的精密单点定位几何定轨方法及结果分析[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2013, 38 (9): 1009- 1013, articleTitle=固定模糊度的精密单点定位几何定轨方法及结果分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933708886249750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=38, issue=9, pageStart=1009, pageEnd=1013, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Zhang Xiaohong, Li Pan, Zuo Xiang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhang Xiaohong , Li Pan , Zuo Xiang . Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination Based on Ambiguity-Fixed PPP[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2013, 38 (9): 1009- 1013, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933708978524439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=1406, pageEnd=1412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=田英国, 郝金明, journalName=测绘学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田英国, 郝金明. Swarm卫星天线相位中心校正及其对精密定轨的影响[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45 (12): 1406- 1412, articleTitle=Swarm卫星天线相位中心校正及其对精密定轨的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933709083382040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=1406, pageEnd=1412, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=Tian Yingguo, Hao Jinming, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Tian Yingguo , Hao Jinming . Swarm Satellite Antenna Phase Center Correction and Its Influence on the Precision Orbit Determination[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45 (12): 1406- 1412, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933709154685209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=50, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=金彪, 陈姗姗, 李敏, journalName=武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金彪, 陈姗姗, 李敏, . 星载GPS/Galileo数据Sentinel-6A卫星运动学精密定轨研究[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2025, 50 (1): 42- 52, articleTitle=星载GPS/Galileo数据Sentinel-6A卫星运动学精密定轨研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933709238571290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=50, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Jin Biao, Chen Shanshan, Li Min, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Jin Biao , Chen Shanshan , Li Min , et al. Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination of Sentinel-6A Satellite with Spaceborne GPS/Galileo Observations[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2025, 50 (1): 42- 52, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933709486035228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=1, pageStart=88, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=Wu Z Q, Yu B G, Sheng C Z, journalName=Geo-Spatial Information Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wu Z Q , Yu B G , Sheng C Z , et al. In-Flight Performance Analysis of the Navigation Augmentation Payload on LEO Communication Satellite: A Preliminary Study on WT01 Mission[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 2022, 25 (1): 88- 103, articleTitle=In-Flight Performance Analysis of the Navigation Augmentation Payload on LEO Communication Satellite: A Preliminary Study on WT01 Mission, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711092453660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=13340, pageEnd=13350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=Gong X W, Li X X, Wang P C, journalName=IEEE Sensors Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Gong X W , Li X X , Wang P C , et al. High-Precision Orbit Determination of the Small TJU-1 Satellite Using GPS, GLONASS, and BDS[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2023, 23 (12): 13340- 13350, articleTitle=High-Precision Orbit Determination of the Small TJU-1 Satellite Using GPS, GLONASS, and BDS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711193116957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Jiang K C, Li W W, Li M, journalName=Satellite Navigation, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Jiang K C , Li W W , Li M , et al. Precise Orbit Determination of Haiyang-2D Using Onboard BDS-3 B1C/B2a Observations with Ambiguity Resolution[J]. Satellite Navigation, 2023, 4 (1), articleTitle=Precise Orbit Determination of Haiyang-2D Using Onboard BDS-3 B1C/B2a Observations with Ambiguity Resolution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711289585950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=657, pageEnd=660, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=11, authorNames=张小红, 李星星, journalName=武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张小红, 李星星. 非差模糊度整数固定解PPP新方法及实验[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2010, 35 (6): 657- 660, articleTitle=非差模糊度整数固定解PPP新方法及实验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711356694815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=657, pageEnd=660, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Zhang Xiaohong, Li Xingxing, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhang Xiaohong , Li Xingxing . A New Method for Zero-Differenced Interger Ambiguity Resolution and Its Application to PPP[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35 (6): 657- 660, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711440580896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=56, issue=2, pageStart=135, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Laurichesse D, Mercier F, Berthias J P, journalName=Navigation, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Laurichesse D , Mercier F , Berthias J P , et al. Integer Ambiguity Resolution on Undifferenced GPS Phase Measurements and Its Application to PPP and Satellite Precise Orbit Determination[J]. Navigation, 2009, 56 (2): 135- 149, articleTitle=Integer Ambiguity Resolution on Undifferenced GPS Phase Measurements and Its Application to PPP and Satellite Precise Orbit Determination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711524466977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=57, issue=2, pageStart=123, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Collins P, Bisnath S, Lahaye F, journalName=Navigation, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Collins P , Bisnath S , Lahaye F , et al. Undifferenced GPS Ambiguity Resolution Using the Decoupled Clock Model and Ambiguity Datum Fixing[J]. Navigation, 2010, 57 (2): 123- 135, articleTitle=Undifferenced GPS Ambiguity Resolution Using the Decoupled Clock Model and Ambiguity Datum Fixing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711591575842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Montenbruck O, Hackel S, van den Ijssel J, journalName=GPS Solutions, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Montenbruck O , Hackel S , van den Ijssel J , et al. Reduced Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination for the Swarm Mission from 4years of GPS Tracking[J]. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22 (3), articleTitle=Reduced Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination for the Swarm Mission from 4years of GPS Tracking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711679656227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arnold D, Schaer S, Villiger A, et al. Single-Receiver Ambiguity Fixing for GPS-Based Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbiters using CODE's New Clock and Phase Bias Products[C]. EGU General Assembly Conference, Vienna, 2019, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711755153700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Allende-Alba G, Montenbruck O, Hackel S, journalName=GPS Solutions, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Allende-Alba G , Montenbruck O , Hackel S , et al. Relative Positioning of Formation-Flying Spacecraft Using Single-Receiver GPS Carrier Phase Ambiguity Fixing[J]. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22 (3), articleTitle=Relative Positioning of Formation-Flying Spacecraft Using Single-Receiver GPS Carrier Phase Ambiguity Fixing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711826456869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=18, authorNames=Li X X, ZhaoY H, Zhang K K, journalName=GPS Solutions, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Li X X , ZhaoY H , Zhang K K , et al. LEO Real-Time Ambiguity-Fixed Precise Orbit Determination with Onboard GPS/Galileo Observations[J]. GPS Solutions, 2024, 28 (4): 1- 20, articleTitle=LEO Real-Time Ambiguity-Fixed Precise Orbit Determination with Onboard GPS/Galileo Observations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711893565734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴家齐. 基于非差模糊度固定技术的卫星精密轨道确定[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2020, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933711956480295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Jiaqi. Precise GNSS and LEO Orbit Determination with Zero-Difference Ambiguity Resolution[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2020), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712019394856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=7, pageStart=1271, pageEnd=1293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=21, authorNames=李星星, 张伟, 袁勇强, journalName=测绘学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李星星, 张伟, 袁勇强, . GNSS卫星精密定轨综述: 现状、挑战与机遇[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51 (7): 1271- 1293, articleTitle=GNSS卫星精密定轨综述: 现状、挑战与机遇, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712078115113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=7, pageStart=1271, pageEnd=1293, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=22, authorNames=Li Xingxing, Zhang Wei, Yuan Yongqiang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Li Xingxing , Zhang Wei , Yuan Yongqiang , et al. Review of GNSS Precise Orbit Determination: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51 (7): 1271- 1293, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712145223978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=1460, pageEnd=1469, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=23, authorNames=谭涵, 吴家齐, journalName=武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭涵, 吴家齐. 星间单差模糊度固定的低轨卫星精密定轨精度分析[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2022, 47 (9): 1460- 1469, articleTitle=星间单差模糊度固定的低轨卫星精密定轨精度分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712208138539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=1460, pageEnd=1469, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=24, authorNames=Tan Han, Wu Jiaqi, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Tan Han , Wu Jiaqi . Accuracy Assessment for LEO Precise Orbit Determination with Single-Difference Ambiguity Resolution[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2022, 47 (9): 1460- 1469, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712275247404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=70, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=25, authorNames=Teunissen P J G, journalName=Journal of Geodesy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Teunissen P J G . The Least-Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment: A Method for Fast GPS Integer Ambiguity Estimation[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 1995, 70 (1): 65- 82, articleTitle=The Least-Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment: A Method for Fast GPS Integer Ambiguity Estimation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712342356269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=1, pageStart=63, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=26, authorNames=Li X X, Qin Y J, Zhang K K, journalName=Geo-spatial Information Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Li X X , Qin Y J , Zhang K K , et al. Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Satellites: Single-Receiver Ambiguity Resolution Using GREAT Products[J]. Geo-spatial Information Science, 2022, 25 (1): 63- 73, articleTitle=Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Satellites: Single-Receiver Ambiguity Resolution Using GREAT Products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712426242350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=72, issue=1, pageStart=47, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=27, authorNames=Schreiner P, König R, Neumayer K H, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Schreiner P , König R , Neumayer K H , et al. On Precise Orbit Determination Based on DORIS, GPS and SLR Using Sentinel-3A/B and -6A and Subsequent Reference Frame Determination Based on DORIS-Only[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2023, 72 (1): 47- 64, articleTitle=On Precise Orbit Determination Based on DORIS, GPS and SLR Using Sentinel-3A/B and -6A and Subsequent Reference Frame Determination Based on DORIS-Only, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712505934127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=95, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=28, authorNames=Montenbruck O, Hackel S, Wermuth M, journalName=Journal of Geodesy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Montenbruck O , Hackel S , Wermuth M , et al. Sentinel-6A Precise Orbit Determination Using a Combined GPS/Galileo Receiver[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2021, 95 (9), articleTitle=Sentinel-6A Precise Orbit Determination Using a Combined GPS/Galileo Receiver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712585625904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=25, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Huang W, Männel B, Brack A, journalName=GPS Solutions, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Huang W , Männel B , Brack A , et al. Two Methods to Determine Scale-Independent GPS PCOs and GNSS-Based Terrestrial Scale: Comparison and Cross-Check[J]. GPS Solutions, 2020, 25 (1), articleTitle=Two Methods to Determine Scale-Independent GPS PCOs and GNSS-Based Terrestrial Scale: Comparison and Cross-Check, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712661123377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=83, issue=12, pageStart=1145, pageEnd=1162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=30, authorNames=Jäggi A, Dach R, Montenbruck O, journalName=Journal of Geodesy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Jäggi A , Dach R , Montenbruck O , et al. Phase Center Modeling for LEO GPS Receiver Antennas and Its Impact on Precise Orbit Determination[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2009, 83 (12): 1145- 1162, articleTitle=Phase Center Modeling for LEO GPS Receiver Antennas and Its Impact on Precise Orbit Determination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712753398066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=18, issue=null, pageStart=91, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=31, authorNames=Lichten S M, Bar-Sever Y E, Wu C W, journalName=Manuscripta Geodaetica, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Lichten S M , Bar-Sever Y E , Wu C W . Effects of Antenna Orientation on GPS Carrier Phase[J]. Manuscripta Geodaetica, 1993, 18, 91- 98, articleTitle=Effects of Antenna Orientation on GPS Carrier Phase, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712833089843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=56, issue=5, pageStart=394, pageEnd=415, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Lyard F, Lefevre F, Letellier T, journalName=Ocean Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Lyard F , Lefevre F , Letellier T , et al. Modelling the Global Ocean Tides: Modern Insights from FES2004[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2006, 56 (5): 394- 415, articleTitle=Modelling the Global Ocean Tides: Modern Insights from FES2004, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712904393012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=1113, pageEnd=1128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Rodriguez-Solano C J, Hugentobler U, Steigenberger P, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Rodriguez-Solano C J , Hugentobler U , Steigenberger P . Adjustable Box-Wing Model for Solar Radiation Pressure Impacting GPS Satellites[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2012, 49 (7): 1113- 1128, articleTitle=Adjustable Box-Wing Model for Solar Radiation Pressure Impacting GPS Satellites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281933712979890485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=72, issue=3, pageStart=161, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=34, authorNames=Berger C, Biancale R, Ill M, journalName=Journal of Geodesy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Berger C , Biancale R , Ill M , et al. Improvement of the Empirical Thermospheric Model DTM: DTM94-a Comparative Review of Various Temporal Variations and Prospects in Space Geodesy Applications[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 1998, 72 (3): 161- 178, articleTitle=Improvement of the Empirical Thermospheric Model DTM: DTM94-a Comparative Review of Various Temporal Variations and Prospects in Space Geodesy Applications, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1281933707988668684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0150, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0150), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1281933708219355405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0327, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0327), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1281933708303241486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0122, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0122), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1281933708378738959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=2024NSCQ-MSX1488, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金(2024NSCQ-MSX1488), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1281933708441653520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0098, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0098), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1281933708504568081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=KJQN202300747, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划(KJQN202300747), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1281933708575871250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, awardId=KJQN202400708, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划(KJQN202400708), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281933697574211755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697582600364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697590988973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281933697662292142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697670680751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697662292142, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697683263664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697662292142, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281933697804898481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697813287090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697804898481, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 China Satellite Network Exploration Co Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697821675699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697804898481, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1281933702926143723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Estimated PCV models for GRACE, SWARM and SENTINEL satellites, figureFileSmall=b4CLx612nZcdySr/1skOTw==, figureFileBig=S97YWjSyGrXYU3MQiGCwOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703022612716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图1, caption=估计的GRACE、SWARM、SENTINEL卫星PCV模型, figureFileSmall=b4CLx612nZcdySr/1skOTw==, figureFileBig=S97YWjSyGrXYU3MQiGCwOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703236522221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The orbit differences RMS of GRACE-C/D float and fixed solutions with UPD products, figureFileSmall=tYZo+9hwwX3kQ1pPufP2YA==, figureFileBig=Coyx14ws84Re/Yhw6Ufl/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703320408302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于UPD产品的GRACE-C/D浮点解与固定解轨道误差RMS值, figureFileSmall=tYZo+9hwwX3kQ1pPufP2YA==, figureFileBig=Coyx14ws84Re/Yhw6Ufl/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703404294383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The orbit differences RMS of SWARM-A/B/C float and fixed solutions with UPD products, figureFileSmall=GgGgA+em4OjXgNgJYBYtgQ==, figureFileBig=1plcM+Gv4ipuicZRydFcGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703483986160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于UPD产品的SWARM-A/B/C浮点解与固定解轨道误差RMS值, figureFileSmall=GgGgA+em4OjXgNgJYBYtgQ==, figureFileBig=1plcM+Gv4ipuicZRydFcGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703555289329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The orbit differences RMS of SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A float and fixed solutions with UPD products, figureFileSmall=J4IzfN5fQtvhQL2fVSG1fg==, figureFileBig=ITWa9SCZk2zHbN1tdUZUwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703639175410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于UPD产品的SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A浮点解与固定解轨道误差RMS值, figureFileSmall=J4IzfN5fQtvhQL2fVSG1fg==, figureFileBig=ITWa9SCZk2zHbN1tdUZUwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703723061491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The orbit differences RMS of GRACE-C/D float and fixed solutions with OSB products, figureFileSmall=gqql1ePOC68LtXkpUb3pKg==, figureFileBig=lQWCBezdhD61BjXPIHX2+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703790170356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于OSB产品的GRACE-C/D浮点解与固定解轨道误差RMS值, figureFileSmall=gqql1ePOC68LtXkpUb3pKg==, figureFileBig=lQWCBezdhD61BjXPIHX2+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703878250741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The orbit differences RMS of SWARM-A/B/C float and fixed solutions with OSB products, figureFileSmall=Gz9x1d5jTFLkYQdBwLsyWQ==, figureFileBig=8Dl+DULeO2Oax2ngqA0h4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933703962136822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于OSB产品的SWARM-A/B/C浮点解与固定解轨道误差RMS值, figureFileSmall=Gz9x1d5jTFLkYQdBwLsyWQ==, figureFileBig=8Dl+DULeO2Oax2ngqA0h4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933704050217207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The orbit differences RMS of SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A float and fixed solutions with OSB products, figureFileSmall=px71lWhlPIM9YEFapmr3nQ==, figureFileBig=hUd16yVzE8No+cxACJKQ2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933704138297592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于OSB产品的SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A浮点解与固定解轨道误差RMS值, figureFileSmall=px71lWhlPIM9YEFapmr3nQ==, figureFileBig=hUd16yVzE8No+cxACJKQ2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933704217989369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Ambiguity fixing results for different systems of the SENTINEL-6A satellite with UPD products, figureFileSmall=kWP3YxnIDD/0r35uKQQEQg==, figureFileBig=fJldnttOl98fmx5qwDrFeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933704318652666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于UPD产品的SENTINEL-6A卫星不同系统模糊度固定结果, figureFileSmall=kWP3YxnIDD/0r35uKQQEQg==, figureFileBig=fJldnttOl98fmx5qwDrFeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281933704448676091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Specific parameters of GRACE-FO, SWARM and SENTINEL satellites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名 轨道高度/km 轨道倾角/(°) 天线PCO/mm
GRACE-C 492.0 89.10 -6.30,253.90,-476.97
GRACE-D 492.0 89.10 -1.07,260.04,-476.18
SWARM-A 480.0 87.40 -7.82,330.50,-471.00
SWARM-B 530.0 87.80 -7.98,319.40,-471.00
SWARM-C 480.0 87.40 -9.82,322.00,-471.00
SENTINEL-3A 814.5 98.65 -413.00,1 372.00,-870.00
SENTINEL-3B 814.5 98.65 -416.00,1 378.00,-870.00
SENTINEL-6A 1 336.0 65.90 7.00,942.00,-1 185.00
), ArticleFig(id=1281933704566116604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL卫星具体参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名 轨道高度/km 轨道倾角/(°) 天线PCO/mm
GRACE-C 492.0 89.10 -6.30,253.90,-476.97
GRACE-D 492.0 89.10 -1.07,260.04,-476.18
SWARM-A 480.0 87.40 -7.82,330.50,-471.00
SWARM-B 530.0 87.80 -7.98,319.40,-471.00
SWARM-C 480.0 87.40 -9.82,322.00,-471.00
SENTINEL-3A 814.5 98.65 -413.00,1 372.00,-870.00
SENTINEL-3B 814.5 98.65 -416.00,1 378.00,-870.00
SENTINEL-6A 1 336.0 65.90 7.00,942.00,-1 185.00
), ArticleFig(id=1281933704868106493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Antenna PCO correction value of LEO satellites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 项目 处理策略
观测模型观测值 GNSS双频IF组合伪距和载波相位观测值
数据采样率 10 s
截止高度角
天线相位缠绕 采用模型改正[25]
GNSS天线相位中心 采用igs20.atx文件改正
LEO天线相位中心 PCO采用官方提供的信息并改正,PCV利用残差法改正
对流层延迟 动力学模型
地球重力场 EIGEN6C (120×120阶)
N体引力 JPL DE405行星星历
海洋负荷潮 FES 2004全球海潮模型[26]
固体潮和极潮 IERS Conventions 2010
相对论效应 IERS Conventions 2010
太阳光压 BOX-wing模型[27]
大气阻力经验力模型 DTM94密度模型[28]轨道切向和法向分段周期模型,90 min一组
参数估计卫星状态参数 低轨卫星初始状态参数和力模型参数(每6 h估计一次大气阻力,每90 min估计一组分段周期经验力模型)
接收机钟差 逐历元估计
相位模糊度固定 每个弧段估计一个模糊度参数
), ArticleFig(id=1281933704981352702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LEO卫星天线PCO改正值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 项目 处理策略
观测模型观测值 GNSS双频IF组合伪距和载波相位观测值
数据采样率 10 s
截止高度角
天线相位缠绕 采用模型改正[25]
GNSS天线相位中心 采用igs20.atx文件改正
LEO天线相位中心 PCO采用官方提供的信息并改正,PCV利用残差法改正
对流层延迟 动力学模型
地球重力场 EIGEN6C (120×120阶)
N体引力 JPL DE405行星星历
海洋负荷潮 FES 2004全球海潮模型[26]
固体潮和极潮 IERS Conventions 2010
相对论效应 IERS Conventions 2010
太阳光压 BOX-wing模型[27]
大气阻力经验力模型 DTM94密度模型[28]轨道切向和法向分段周期模型,90 min一组
参数估计卫星状态参数 低轨卫星初始状态参数和力模型参数(每6 h估计一次大气阻力,每90 min估计一组分段周期经验力模型)
接收机钟差 逐历元估计
相位模糊度固定 每个弧段估计一个模糊度参数
), ArticleFig(id=1281933706633908479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of the impact of PCV on the POD of LEO satellites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名称无PCV 有PCV
浮点解/cm 固定解/cm 浮点解/cm 固定解/cm
GRACE-C 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.5
SWARM-A 2.4 1.7 2.4 1.7
SENTINEL-3A 2.4 1.0 2.2 0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281933706717794560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PCV对LEO卫星定轨精度的影响对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名称无PCV 有PCV
浮点解/cm 固定解/cm 浮点解/cm 固定解/cm
GRACE-C 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.5
SWARM-A 2.4 1.7 2.4 1.7
SENTINEL-3A 2.4 1.0 2.2 0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281933706822652161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Statistics of average ambiguity fixing rate with different products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名称UPD OSB
(宽巷/窄巷)/% (宽巷/窄巷)/%
GRACE-C 96.32/82.97 95.88/82.16
GRACE-D 96.89/81.67 96.50/81.16
SWARM-A 100/94.92 99.96/95.40
SWARM-B 100/96.37 100/96.28
SWARM-C 100/95.87 100/95.13
SENTINEL-3A 99.92/98.17 99.92/98.13
SENTINEL-3B 99.96/98.16 99.96/97.63
SENTINEL-6A 99.49/94.11 99.41/94.73
), ArticleFig(id=1281933706948481282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同产品的平均模糊度固定率统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名称UPD OSB
(宽巷/窄巷)/% (宽巷/窄巷)/%
GRACE-C 96.32/82.97 95.88/82.16
GRACE-D 96.89/81.67 96.50/81.16
SWARM-A 100/94.92 99.96/95.40
SWARM-B 100/96.37 100/96.28
SWARM-C 100/95.87 100/95.13
SENTINEL-3A 99.92/98.17 99.92/98.13
SENTINEL-3B 99.96/98.16 99.96/97.63
SENTINEL-6A 99.49/94.11 99.41/94.73
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707091087619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Statistics of average orbit differences RMS for float and fixed solutions with UPD products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LEO卫星系列 模式 切向/cm 法向/cm 径向/cm 3D RMS/cm
GRACE浮点解 1.6 0.9 1.1 2.1
固定解 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.5
SWARM浮点解 1.6 0.9 1.2 2.1
固定解 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.5
SENTINEL浮点解 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.8
固定解 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707195945220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基于UPD产品的浮点解与固定解平均轨道误差RMS统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LEO卫星系列 模式 切向/cm 法向/cm 径向/cm 3D RMS/cm
GRACE浮点解 1.6 0.9 1.1 2.1
固定解 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.5
SWARM浮点解 1.6 0.9 1.2 2.1
固定解 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.5
SENTINEL浮点解 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.8
固定解 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707296608517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Statistics of average orbit differences RMS for float and fixed solutions with OSB products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星 解法 切向/cm 法向/cm 径向/cm 3D RMS/cm
GRACE浮点解 1.7 0.9 1.0 2.2
固定解 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.7
SWARM浮点解 1.9 1.2 1.0 2.5
固定解 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.8
SENTINEL浮点解 1.5 0.7 0.8 1.9
固定解 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707397271814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

基于OSB产品的浮点解与固定解平均轨道误差RMS统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星 解法 切向/cm 法向/cm 径向/cm 3D RMS/cm
GRACE浮点解 1.7 0.9 1.0 2.2
固定解 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.7
SWARM浮点解 1.9 1.2 1.0 2.5
固定解 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.8
SENTINEL浮点解 1.5 0.7 0.8 1.9
固定解 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707497935111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Phase residual RMS for float and fixed solutions with different products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名称UPD OSB
(浮点解/固定解)/cm (浮点解/固定解)/cm
GRACE-C 0.70/0.86 0.71/0.90
GRACE-D 0.74/0.94 0.75/0.98
SWARM-A 0.78/0.96 0.80/0.98
SWARM-B 0.78/0.93 0.79/0.96
SWARM-C 0.76/0.94 0.77/1.10
SENTINEL-3A 0.69/0.86 0.70/0.90
SENTINEL-3B 0.69/0.83 0.70/0.87
SENTINEL-6A 0.68/0.87 0.68/0.89
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707590209800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同产品的浮点解与固定解载波相位残差RMS值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星名称UPD OSB
(浮点解/固定解)/cm (浮点解/固定解)/cm
GRACE-C 0.70/0.86 0.71/0.90
GRACE-D 0.74/0.94 0.75/0.98
SWARM-A 0.78/0.96 0.80/0.98
SWARM-B 0.78/0.93 0.79/0.96
SWARM-C 0.76/0.94 0.77/1.10
SENTINEL-3A 0.69/0.86 0.70/0.90
SENTINEL-3B 0.69/0.83 0.70/0.87
SENTINEL-6A 0.68/0.87 0.68/0.89
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707678290185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Statistics of average orbit differences RMS for different systems of SENTINEL-6A for float and fixed solutions with UPD products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统 切向/cm 法向/cm 径向/cm 3D/cm
单Galileo浮点解 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.9
固定解 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.1
GPS + Galileo浮点解 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.5
固定解 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1281933707829285131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

基于UPD产品的SENTINEL-6A不同系统浮点解与固定解平均轨道误差RMS统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统 切向/cm 法向/cm 径向/cm 3D/cm
单Galileo浮点解 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.9
固定解 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.1
GPS + Galileo浮点解 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.5
固定解 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.9
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1281211523964080133, delFlag=0, nameCn=大地测量与地球动力学, nameEn=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-5942, eissn=null, cn=42-1655/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BeWo6OWOseISH6uPOmc2hA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1783394231074, updatedTime=1784022340151, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=D, firstLetterEn=D, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BeWo6OWOseISH6uPOmc2hA==, picEn=YHLfVa8gITbOo0FeIjbLDg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283846004483014730, language=CN, name=大地测量与地球动力学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022340174, updatedTime=1784022340174, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283846004529152075, language=EN, name=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784022340185, updatedTime=1784022340185, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/journalx_ddcl/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1281212831689347082, websiteList=[Website(id=1281216327125799907, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1281212831689347082, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN, language=CN, createTime=1783395376235, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1783395439358, updateBy=18614031015, name=大地测量与地球动力学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=大地测量与地球动力学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1281216715371548758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1783395468800, updateTime=1783395468800, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715346382931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1783395468794, updateTime=1783395468794, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715400908889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395468807, updateTime=1783395468807, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715333800018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/file/pic?fileId=87adUdwolRb6UqGo0QjlJQ==, createTime=1783395468791, updateTime=1783395468791, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715421880411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395468812, updateTime=1783395468812, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715363160149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/file/pic, createTime=1783395468798, updateTime=1783395468798, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715409297498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395468809, updateTime=1783395468809, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715358965844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1783395468797, updateTime=1783395468797, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715384131671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1783395468803, updateTime=1783395468803, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216715392520280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327125799907, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1783395468805, updateTime=1783395468805, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1281216327713002474, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1281212831689347082, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN, language=EN, createTime=1783395376375, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1783395435863, updateBy=18614031015, name=大地测量与地球动力学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1281216680483328066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1783395460482, updateTime=1783395460483, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680453967935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1783395460475, updateTime=1783395460475, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680521076805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395460491, updateTime=1783395460491, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680437190718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/file/pic?fileId=87adUdwolRb6UqGo0QjlJQ==, createTime=1783395460471, updateTime=1783395460471, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680542048327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395460496, updateTime=1783395460496, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680474939457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/file/pic, createTime=1783395460480, updateTime=1783395460480, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680533659718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1783395460494, updateTime=1783395460494, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680462356544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1783395460477, updateTime=1783395460477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680495910979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1783395460485, updateTime=1783395460485, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1281216680508493892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1281216327713002474, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1783395460488, updateTime=1783395460488, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.jgg09.com/CN/home, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, journalPhotoCn=BeWo6OWOseISH6uPOmc2hA==, journalPhotoEn=YHLfVa8gITbOo0FeIjbLDg==, journalFirstLetter=D, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/PDF/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/EN/PDF/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1781452800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
星间单差模糊度固定的GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL卫星定轨精度分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
郑有司 1 , 杨志鑫 1, 2, * , 王斌 2 , 刘晖 3 , 唐菲菲 1 , 林娜 1 , 魏启蒙 4 , 张桓 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 大地测量学 2026,46(6): 668-678
收起
收藏切换
大地测量与地球动力学 |大地测量学 2026 , 46 (6) : 668 -678
星间单差模糊度固定的GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL卫星定轨精度分析
全屏
[Author(id=1281933697909756085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1838204515@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933697985253559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933697909756085, language=EN, stringName=Yousi ZHENG, firstName=Yousi, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698169802936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933697909756085, language=CN, stringName=郑有司, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio={"content":"

郑有司, 硕士生, 主要从事低轨卫星精密定轨研究, E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郑有司, 硕士生, 主要从事低轨卫星精密定轨研究, E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])]), Author(id=1281933698299826362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhixinyang@cqjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698396295357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698299826362, language=EN, stringName=Zhixin YANG, firstName=Zhixin, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698484375742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698299826362, language=CN, stringName=杨志鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074
2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281933697574211755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697582600364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697590988973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147)])]), Author(id=1281933698580844736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698685702338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698580844736, language=EN, stringName=Bin WANG, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933698782171331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698580844736, language=CN, stringName=王斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933697574211755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697582600364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697590988973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697574211755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147)])]), Author(id=1281933698996080837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699100938439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698996080837, language=EN, stringName=Hui LIU, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699176435912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933698996080837, language=CN, stringName=刘晖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933697662292142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697670680751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697662292142, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697683263664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697662292142, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079)])]), Author(id=1281933699331625162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699486814412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699331625162, language=EN, stringName=Feifei TANG, firstName=Feifei, middleName=null, lastName=TANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699566506189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699331625162, language=CN, stringName=唐菲菲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])]), Author(id=1281933699654586575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699767832785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699654586575, language=EN, stringName=Na LIN, firstName=Na, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933699881078994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699654586575, language=CN, stringName=林娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])]), Author(id=1281933699943993556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700036268246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699943993556, language=EN, stringName=Qimeng WEI, firstName=Qimeng, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4 China Satellite Network Exploration Co Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700120154327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933699943993556, language=CN, stringName=魏启蒙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933697804898481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697813287090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697804898481, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 China Satellite Network Exploration Co Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933697821675699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933697804898481, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121)])]), Author(id=1281933700199846105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700287926491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933700199846105, language=EN, stringName=Huan ZHANG, firstName=Huan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281933700380201180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, authorId=1281933700199846105, language=CN, stringName=张桓, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281933696089428136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696097816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281933696106205354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1281933691203063957, companyId=1281933696089428136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074)])])]
郑有司1 , 杨志鑫1, 2, * , 王斌2, 刘晖3, 唐菲菲1, 林娜1, 魏启蒙4, 张桓1
作者信息
  • 1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074
  • 2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147
  • 3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079
  • 4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121
通讯作者:
杨志鑫, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事低轨卫星导航增强GNSS研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

郑有司, 硕士生, 主要从事低轨卫星精密定轨研究, E-mail:

Orbit Determination Accuracy of GRACE-FO, SWARM and SENTINEL Satellites with Single-Difference Ambiguity Resolution
Yousi ZHENG1 , Zhixin YANG1, 2, * , Bin WANG2, Hui LIU3, Feifei TANG1, Na LIN1, Qimeng WEI4, Huan ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
  • 2 Chongqing Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Application Center, Chongqing 401147, China
  • 3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 4 China Satellite Network Exploration Co Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270
文章导航
收藏切换

基于低轨(LEO)卫星定轨和星间单差模糊度固定方法, 分别使用未校准相位延迟(uncalibrated phase delay, UPD)和绝对信号偏差(observable-specific signal bias, OSB)产品, 实现了GRACE-C/D、SWARM-A/B/C、SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A八颗LEO卫星的精密定轨, 并评估这2种产品对定轨精度的影响。结果显示, 2种产品均实现了近100%的宽巷模糊度固定率; 除GRACE卫星窄巷固定率约为85%外, 其余卫星窄巷固定率均接近95%。模糊度固定显著提升了定轨精度, 使用UPD和OSB产品获得的固定解三维精度相当, GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL系列卫星分别达到1.5 cm、1.7 cm和0.9 cm, 较浮点解提升最高达50%。此外, 对SENTINEL-6A卫星的多系统分析显示, GPS/Galileo组合定轨固定解精度为0.9 cm, 较单GPS和单Galileo系统分别提升约10%和18%。研究证实, 模糊度固定能有效提高LEO卫星定轨精度, 为未来大规模LEO星座定轨研究提供参考。

低轨卫星  /  精密定轨  /  模糊度固定  /  未校正相位延迟(UPD)  /  绝对信号偏差(OSB)

Based on the methods of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite orbit determination and inter-satellite single-difference ambiguity resolution, this paper utilizes uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) and observable-specific signal bias (OSB) products to achieve precise orbit determination for eight LEO satellites, namely GRACE-C/D, SWARM-A/B/C, and SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A, and evaluates the impact of these two products on orbit determination accuracy. The results indicate that both products achieve a nearly 100% fixed rate for wide-lane ambiguities; except for the GRACE satellites, which have a narrow-lane fixed rate of approximately 85%, the remaining satellites achieve rates close to 95%. Ambiguity resolution significantly enhances orbit determination accuracy, with the fixed solutions obtained using UPD and OSB products showing comparable three-dimensional accuracy, reaching 1.5 cm, 1.7 cm, and 0.9 cm for the GRACE-FO, SWARM, and SENTINEL series satellites, respectively, representing improvements of up to 50% compared to the float solutions. Additionally, a multi-system analysis of the SENTINEL-6A satellite reveals that the fixed solution accuracy for the combined GPS/Galileo orbit determination is 0.9 cm, representing improvements of 10% and 18% compared to single-GPS and single-Galileo systems, respectively. This study confirms that ambiguity resolution can effectively improve the orbit determination accuracy of LEO satellites and provides a reference for future research on orbit determination for large-scale LEO constellations.

low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite  /  precision orbit determination (POD)  /  ambiguity resolution  /  uncalibrated phase delay (UPD)  /  observable-specific signal bias (OSB)
郑有司, 杨志鑫, 王斌, 刘晖, 唐菲菲, 林娜, 魏启蒙, 张桓. 星间单差模糊度固定的GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL卫星定轨精度分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (6) : 668 -678 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270
Yousi ZHENG, Zhixin YANG, Bin WANG, Hui LIU, Feifei TANG, Na LIN, Qimeng WEI, Huan ZHANG. Orbit Determination Accuracy of GRACE-FO, SWARM and SENTINEL Satellites with Single-Difference Ambiguity Resolution[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (6) : 668 -678 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270
随着LEO星座的快速发展,精密定轨(precise orbit determination, POD)技术已成为支持科学探测任务和大规模星座运行的关键。其中,简化动力学定轨方法凭借其结合动力学模型与星载观测数据的独特优势,在多项科学任务中得到了广泛应用[1]。该方法通过降低对动力学模型精度的依赖,同时充分利用GNSS观测信息,显著提升了定轨精度和鲁棒性。简化动力学定轨首次成功应用于Topex/Poseidon卫星,实现了3~4 cm的径向轨道精度[2]。随后在GRACE任务中,双星固定解的定轨精度已提升至2~3 cm[3],充分验证了简化动力学定轨方法的高效性与可靠性。在SWARM任务中,简化动力学定轨结合星间单差模糊度固定技术,使得轨道各方向定轨精度均优于2 cm[4]。近年来,随着GNSS观测数据质量和星载接收机性能的不断提升,简化动力学定轨方法在多系统融合中得到了进一步发展。例如,SENTINEL-6系列卫星搭载支持GPS和Galileo的多模GNSS接收机,通过融合多模GNSS数据,在复杂环境中依然能够维持厘米级的轨道精度[5]。此外,多颗新型LEO卫星(如网通一号[6],天津大学一号[7],海洋二号[8])也搭载了多模GNSS接收机,利用简化动力学定轨技术实现了厘米级定轨精度,为未来巨型LEO星座定轨创造了有利条件。
尽管当前GNSS定轨精度已非常高,但优化模糊度固定方法仍能进一步提高精度,其中最具代表性的方法是小数偏差校正方法,有UPD[9]和OSB两种形式,以及将偏差与钟差参数一同处理的整数钟法[10]和去耦钟法[11]。Montenbruck等[12]对SWARM卫星的星载GPS数据进行处理,通过使用整数钟产品固定星间单差模糊度,结果表明,运动学轨道性能得到显著提升,SLR残差误差减少50%,简化动力学轨道的精度提高约30%。Arnold等[13]采用单差模糊度固定技术对GRACE、SWARM及SENTINEL-3卫星进行轨道确定,并与双差结果对比后发现,单差模糊度固定能够显著提升轨道解算精度。Allende-Alba等[14]同样采用星间单差模糊度固定技术对编队卫星轨道进行解算,最终实现了优于5 mm的基线精度,为高精度编队飞行任务提供了重要的技术保障。Li等[15]提出一种新型的整数模糊度分辨率(integer ambiguity resolution, IAR)质量控制方法,利用1个月的SENTINEL-6A卫星星载观测数据对GPS与Galileo的观测数据进行实时精确轨道解算,结果表明,模糊度固定解的精度相较于浮点解从5.17 cm提升至3.61 cm,效率提高30%。
本文基于GRACE-C/D、SWARM-A/B/C、SENTINEL-3A/3B/6A共8颗卫星的星载GNSS数据,采用简化动力学方法对2024-04-04—10共7 d的卫星轨道进行解算。随后,分别采用UPD产品以及OSB产品进行单差模糊度固定,通过分析模糊度固定率、外部参考轨道比较误差以及载波相位残差,评估模糊度固定对LEO定轨精度的提升,并针对SENTINEL-6A卫星进行多系统定轨分析。
由于LEO卫星的星载GNSS观测数据不受对流层延迟影响,其伪距和载波相位的观测方程可以相应地表示为:
$\left\{\begin{align*}P_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}= & \rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} t_{\mathrm{r}}-\mathrm{d} t^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+c\left(b_{\mathrm{r}, j}-b_{j}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+ \\& I_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}+\omega_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}} \\L_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}= & \rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} t_{\mathrm{r}}-\mathrm{d} t^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+\lambda_{j}\left(B_{\mathrm{r}, j}-B_{j}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+ \\& \lambda_{j} N_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}-I_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}\end{align*}\right.$
式中,上标s表示GNSS卫星,下标r和j分别表示低轨卫星上的星载GNSS接收机以及信号频率;dtr和dts分别表示星载接收机和低轨卫星的钟差;c表示光速;λj表示GNSS信号的波长;Ir,js表示电离层延迟;br,jbjs分别表示星载接收机和低轨卫星的伪距硬件延迟;Br,jBjs分别表示星载接收机和低轨卫星的载波相位偏差;Nr,js表示载波相位模糊度;ωr,jsεr,js分别表示为伪距和载波相位观测值的多路径效应和随机噪声等未模型化误差。
为消除一阶电离层延迟的影响,通常采用双频无电离层(ionosphere-free, IF)组合。由于伪距硬件延迟与接收机钟差之间的耦合关系,导致待估卫星钟差和接收机钟差分别吸收了伪距硬件延迟和载波相位偏差,同时待估的模糊度参数也会吸收伪距和载波相位系统偏差,从而影响模糊度参数的整数特性[16]。IF组合的伪距和载波相位观测方程可表示为:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}P_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}-\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+\omega_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} \\L_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}-\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+\lambda_{\mathrm{IF}} \hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\end{array}\right.$
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}=\mathrm{d} t_{\mathrm{r}}+b_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}} \\\mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\mathrm{d} t^{\mathrm{s}}+b_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} \\\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}=N_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}+\left(B_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}-B_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}-b_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}+b_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\right) / \lambda_{\mathrm{IF}}\end{array}\right.$
式中,λIF表示IF组合的波长; br,IFbIFs分别表示星载接收机和低轨卫星的IF组合下伪距硬件延迟;Br,IFBIFs分别表示星载接收机和低轨卫星的IF组合载波相位偏差;$\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}} $$\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} $分别为吸收了伪距硬件延迟的接收机和卫星的钟差参数;$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} $表示吸收了相位偏差和伪距偏差的无电离层组合载波相位模糊度参数。
低轨卫星在绕地球轨道运动时,受到地球引力、大气阻力、太阳光压以及相对论效应等多种力的综合作用。为了便于计算和处理这些复杂的动力学问题,通常需要对卫星观测方程进行线性化处理,并引入卫星状态转移矩阵。通过状态转移矩阵,可以将卫星的状态(包括位置、速度等)从一个时刻传递到另一个时刻,从而更精确地描述卫星的运动。在低轨卫星观测方程中引入状态转移矩阵后可以表示为:
$\left\{\begin{align*}p_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}= & \boldsymbol{e}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}} \cdot \boldsymbol{\varphi}\left(t, t_{0}\right)_{\mathrm{r}} \cdot O_{\mathrm{r}, 0}+ \\& c\left(\mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}-\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+\omega_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} \\l_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}= & \boldsymbol{e}_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}} \cdot \boldsymbol{\varphi}\left(t, t_{0}\right)_{r} \cdot O_{\mathrm{r}, 0}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}-\right. \\& \left.\mathrm{d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+\lambda_{\mathrm{IF}} \hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\end{align*}\right.$
其待估参数可表示为:
$\begin{equation*}\boldsymbol{X}_{\mathrm{LEO}}=\left(O_{\mathrm{r}, 0}, \mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}, \mathrm{~d} \hat{t}_{\mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}, \hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \end{equation*}$
式中,pr,IFslr,IFs代表伪距和载波相位的观测值与模型值之差; esr表示GNSS卫星至星载接收机的单位向量; φ(t,t0)r表示低轨卫星从参考时刻t0至当前时刻t的状态转移矩阵; Or,0表示低轨卫星的t0时刻初始状态的改正数, 包括低轨卫星的位置改正数(x0,y0,z0)、速度改正数(vx0,vy0,vz0)、和力模型参数改正数(pr,1,pr,2, …,pr,n)。
由于IF组合的模糊度参数$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} $不具备整周特性,不能直接固定,通常将其分解为宽巷(wide-line,WL)模糊度和窄巷(narrow-line,WL)模糊度的组合进行处理[17],宽巷模糊度参数$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s}} $通常采用MW(Melbourne-Wübbena)组合进行求解,宽巷模糊度固定为整数后,将其从IF组合的模糊度参数$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}} $中减去,就可得到窄巷模糊度参数$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{s}} $。具体公式如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\frac{L_{\mathrm{r}, 1}^{\mathrm{s}}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{L_{\mathrm{r}, 2}^{\mathrm{s}}}{\lambda_{2}}-\frac{f_{1}-f_{2}}{f_{1}+f_{2}}\left(\frac{P_{\mathrm{r}, 1}^{\mathrm{s}}}{\lambda_{1}}-\frac{P_{\mathrm{r}, 2}^{\mathrm{s}}}{\lambda_{2}}\right)=N_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s}}+d_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}-d_{\mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s}} \\\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\frac{f_{1}+f_{2}}{f_{1}} \hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s}}-\frac{f_{2}}{f_{1}-f_{2}} N_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s}}=N_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{s}}+d_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}-d_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{s}}\end{array}\right.$
式中,dr,WLdWLsdr,NLdNLs分别表示接收机和卫星端的宽巷和窄巷UPD; dr,NLdNLs分别表示接收机和卫星端的窄巷UPD。当宽巷和窄巷模糊度固定后,便可实现消电离层组合的模糊度固定。
接收机端的小数偏差通常是未知的,因此可以通过星间单差(single difference, SD)方法来消除这些偏差[18]。经过UPD改正后的单差宽巷模糊度$\bar{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} $和窄巷模糊度$\bar{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} $可表示为:
$\left\{\begin{align*}\bar{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2}= & \hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2}+\hat{d}_{\mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} \\\bar{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{sl}, \mathrm{~s} 2}= & \frac{f_{1}+f_{2}}{f_{1}} \hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{FF}}^{\mathrm{sl}, \mathrm{~s} 2}-\frac{f_{2}}{f_{1}-f_{2}} .\\& \bar{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{sl}, \mathrm{~s} 2}+\hat{d}_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{sl}, \mathrm{~s} 2}\end{align*}\right.$
式中,s1和s2分别表示参与单差计算的参考卫星和目标卫星;$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} $$\hat{N}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{IF}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} $分别表示由观测方程得到的星间单差宽巷浮点模糊度和IF组合浮点模糊度;$\hat{d}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{WL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} $$\hat{d}_{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{s} 1, \mathrm{~s} 2} $分别表示星间单差卫星端宽巷和窄巷UPD改正数。
宽巷组合波长较长,且宽巷UPD具有较好的稳定性,因此采用取整法对宽巷模糊度直接固定。对于窄巷模糊度,则采用LAMBDA方法进行搜索,并确定窄巷模糊度最优解[19]。最后完成对其他参数的更新,获得模糊度固定解:
$\begin{equation*}\bar{x}=\hat{x}+\boldsymbol{Q}_{X N} \boldsymbol{Q}_{N N}^{-1}\left(\nabla \bar{N}_{n}-\nabla \hat{N}_{n}\right) \end{equation*}$
式中,$\hat{x} $$\bar{x} $分别表示浮点解和固定解;$\nabla \bar{N}_n $$\nabla \hat{N}_n $分别表示经过UPD改正后的单差窄巷模糊度和固定为整数的单差窄巷模糊度;QXNQNN-1为协方差矩阵。
值得注意的是,上述基于UPD的方法是处理模糊度固定的经典模型。随着GNSS向多频多系统发展,一种更为灵活的OSB改正模型被提出并得到广泛应用。与UPD在模糊度组合(如宽巷、窄巷)层面进行改正不同,OSB模型在数据处理的最前端,即直接对原始的伪距和载波相位观测方程进行偏差修正。具体而言,在使用OSB产品时,原始观测方程被修正为:
$\left\{\begin{align*}P_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}-d_{P, j}^{\mathrm{s}}= & \rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} t_{\mathrm{r}}-\mathrm{d} t^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+I_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}+\omega_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}} \\L_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}-d_{L, j}^{\mathrm{s}}= & \rho_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c\left(\mathrm{~d} t_{\mathrm{r}}-\mathrm{d} t^{\mathrm{s}}\right)+\lambda_{j} N_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}- \\& I_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}, j}^{\mathrm{s}}\end{align*}\right.$
式中,dP,jsdL,js分别代表伪距和载波相位OSB改正值。通过这种方式,模糊度参数的整数特性在数据处理的初始阶段即被恢复。因此,后续形成的任何组合模糊度(包括宽巷、窄巷等)的浮点解都能自然地趋近于其整数真值,无需再针对特定组合进行二次改正。该方法理论上更为严谨,且在处理多系统时具有更好的灵活性和一致性。
本文分析了3种用于科学探测的8颗LEO卫星,分别为GRACE-C、GRACE-D、SWARM-A、SWARM-B、SWARM-C、SENTINEL-3A、SENTINEL-3B和SENTINEL-6A。具体参数如表 1所示[20-22]
本文采用2024-04-04—10的低轨卫星星载观测数据进行简化动力学定轨分析。其中,GRACE-FO数据包括GPS星载观测数据、卫星姿态数据以及精密轨道产品,这些数据可从GFZ的网站下载;SWARM卫星也包含类似的GPS星载数据、卫星姿态数据和精密轨道产品,可从欧洲航天局网站获取;SENTINEL-3和SENTINEL-6系列卫星的数据,包括星载GPS和Galileo观测数据、卫星姿态数据以及精密轨道产品,可从哥白尼数据空间生态系统官网获取。
星载GNSS观测中,瞬时相位中心的位置会随外部环境而变化。通常采用平均相位中心(mean antenna phase center, MAPC)作为其平均表征。MAPC与几何参考点的固定距离称为天线相位中心偏差(phase center offset, PCO),而其与瞬时相位中心的变化量则定义为天线相位中心变化(phase center variation, PCV)[23]。本文基于卫星PCO值利用残差法[24]对载波相位观测值的验后残差进行处理,并通过多次迭代优化PCV参数,针对每颗卫星建立PCV模型。该方法能够有效校正由天线相位中心偏移所引起的误差,从而提高定轨精度。图 1展示了本文所估计的8颗LEO卫星PCV模型结果,可以看出,GRACE-FO系列的2颗卫星的PCV显著高于其余6颗卫星,而SWARM与SENTINEL系列卫星的PCV较小,说明其在运行过程中天线相位中心位置更加稳定,可以有效减少系统误差带来的影响。
本文在对8颗LEO卫星进行精密定轨时,采取了一致的定轨策略以确保方法上的统一性。所有的定轨解算与数据处理工作,均基于武汉大学研发的PANDA软件完成。所需的GNSS卫星精密轨道、钟差以及OSB产品均来源于欧洲定轨中心(CODE)发布的最终产品。作为对比,所用的UPD产品是基于全球约100个IGS测站的观测数据,利用PANDA软件自主解算获得。表 2汇总了各卫星在精密定轨中使用的方法和参数设置。
为分析本文估算的PCV模型对定轨精度的具体影响,选取GRACE-C、SWARM-A和SEN- TINEL-3A三颗具有代表性的卫星,进行有无PCV改正的对比实验,结果如表 3所示。可以看出,实施PCV改正能够有效提升低轨卫星的定轨精度,尤其是在模糊度固定解中效果更为显著。以SENTINEL-3A卫星为例,在应用PCV模型后,其浮点解精度从2.4 cm提升至2.2 cm,固定解精度则从1.0 cm提升至0.9 cm。对于GRACE-C卫星,其固定解精度也得到明显改善,从1.7 cm提升至1.5 cm。而SWARM-A卫星的定轨精度在PCV改正前后没有变化,这主要是由于该卫星自身的天线相位中心位置非常稳定,其PCV值本身较小(图 2),因此进行改正所带来的影响几乎可以忽略。综合来看,实验结果验证了本文所估算的PCV模型的有效性,证明精确的天线相位中心修正是实现cm级精密定轨不可或缺的一步。
本文通过UPD和OSB两类产品对低轨卫星进行模糊度固定分析,其中模糊度固定率被用作评估该方法的关键参数。结合表 4可以看出,宽巷模糊度固定率普遍接近100%,表现出较高的稳定性;窄巷模糊度固定率整体虽维持在较高水平,但存在一定波动。以GRACE-C和GRACE-D卫星为例,其窄巷模糊度固定率相比宽巷模糊度固定率波动较为明显,这种差异可能受到特定卫星观测环境、信号质量及参数处理复杂性的影响。值得注意的是,SENTINEL系列卫星在窄巷模糊度固定率上的表现优于SWARM系列卫星。例如,基于UPD产品模糊度固定后,SENTINEL-3A和SENTINEL-3B的窄巷模糊度固定率分别为98.17%和98.16%,均明显高于SWARM系列卫星的94.92%~96.37%。这表明SENTINEL系列卫星在窄巷模糊度固定方面更加稳定。
为检验定轨精度,分别将浮点解与使用UPD产品得到的固定解与精密科学轨道(precise science orbit, PSO)进行比较,图 2~4表 5展示了一周内8颗卫星在切向(A)、法向(C)、径向(R)和三维(3D)方向上的均方根误差(root mean square, RMS)。
根据一周内所有定轨弧段的RMS平均值分析,固定解相较于浮点解在切向、法向和径向方向上的表现均有显著提升。GRACE-C固定解为1.4 cm,总体精度提升30%,其中切向、法向、径向从1.6 cm、0.8 cm、0.8 cm降至1.0 cm、0.8 cm、0.8 cm。GRACE-D固定解为1.5 cm,提升幅度略低,为28.57%。SWARM系列卫星中,SWARM-A、SWARM-B和SWARM-C的定轨精度分别提升32.0%、23.8%和26.9%,其中SWARM-B表现最佳,切向误差从1.6 cm降至1.1 cm,径向误差从1.0 cm降至0.9 cm,法向误差从0.9 cm降至0.6 cm,3D RMS从2.1 cm降至1.6cm。SENTINEL系列卫星中,SENTINEL-3A和SENTINEL-3B的固定解均为0.9 cm,较浮点解分别提升50.0%和52.6%,SENTINEL-6A的固定解为1.0 cm,精度提升44.0%。综合来看,GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL系列卫星的固定解平均3D RMS分别为1.5 cm、1.5 cm和0.9 cm,较浮点解的2.1 cm、2.1 cm和1.8 cm,分别提升约25%、29%和50%。
检验定轨效果的另一方法是将浮点解与OSB产品得到的固定解与精密科学轨道进行对比。图 5~7表 6详细呈现了使用OSB产品一周内8颗卫星在切向(A)、法向(C)、径向(R)以及三维(3D)方向上的均方根误差。
图表分析结果显示,使用OSB产品模糊度固定后,各系列卫星的定轨精度均显著提高。其中,在GRACE系列卫星中,GRACE-C的固定解在切向、法向、径向误差分别降至1.0 cm、0.7 cm、0.8 cm,相较于浮点解分别提升41.2%、12.5%和20.0%,3D RMS从2.2 cm降至1.5 cm,提升31.8%。GRACE-D的固定解3D RMS从2.2 cm降至1.8 cm,提升幅度为18.2%。在SWARM系列卫星中,SWARM-A的切向、法向、径向分别提升35.0%、16.7%和27.3%,3D RMS从2.6 cm降至1.8 cm,提升30.8%。SWARM-B和SWARM-C提升同样显著,特别是SWARM-C,其3D RMS从2.7 cm降至1.9 cm,提升29.6%。在SENTINEL系列卫星中,SENTINEL-3A的切向、法向和径向分别提升68.8%、28.6%和33.3%,3D RMS降低至0.9 cm,提升幅度高达55.0%;SENTINEL-6A的3D RMS从1.8 cm降至1.0 cm,精度提升44.4%。
载波相位残差主要由平差过程中的模型误差与未建模误差构成,用以评估简化动力学方法中力学模型的精度。表 7对模糊度固定前后的载波相位残差进行统计。
通过分析表中数据发现,固定解的载波相位残差RMS值均略高于浮点解。在浮点解中,模糊度参数被当作实数进行估计。这赋予了它们较高的自由度,使其不仅可以估算模糊度的真值,还能吸收一部分未被精确建模的误差(例如微小的动力学模型误差、观测模型偏差等)。而在固定解中,本文对模糊度参数施加了非常强的整数约束,这一约束消除了模糊度参数吸收其他模型误差的能力。因此,原先被浮点模糊度所吸收的这部分模型误差,在模糊度被强制固定为整数后,便会转移并最终体现在验后的载波相位残差中,导致残差的RMS值出现轻微的增大。具体来看,GRACE-C和GRACE-D卫星在使用UPD产品时的浮点解和固定解RMS值分别为0.70 cm和0.86 cm、0.74 cm和0.94 cm,而在使用OSB产品时分别为0.71 cm和0.90 cm、0.75 cm和0.98 cm,两者数值相近。相较GRACE系列,SWARM系列卫星在使用UPD和OSB产品时的RMS值整体略高,其浮点解和固定解的RMS值介于0.76~1.10 cm之间,其中SWARM-C的OSB固定解RMS值达到1.10 cm。相比之下,SENTINEL系列卫星的RMS值明显较低,尤其是SENTINEL-6A,其使用UPD产品时的浮点解和固定解RMS值分别为0.68 cm和0.87 cm。综合来看,使用UPD和OSB产品时的载波相位残差均较低,说明其具有较高的定轨精度。
SENTINEL-6A卫星搭载了澳大利亚RUAG公司研发的PODRIX/Galileo双模接收机,该设备支持L1/L2/L5和E1/E5a多频段信号接收,可以有效提高信号接收的覆盖范围与精度。因此,本文分析了SENTINEL-6A卫星在仅使用Galileo系统定轨时的性能,并将其与GPS和Galileo系统联合定轨的结果进行对比研究(图 8)。表 8为SENTIENL-6A卫星在不同系统下使用UPD产品的简化动力学定轨统计结果。结果表明,在仅使用Galileo系统时,沿轨道方向的浮点解精度较差,模糊度固定后精度显著提升。相比之下,采用GPS与Galileo组合系统后,所有方向上的精度均有所提高,其固定解整体精度为0.9 cm,相比单Galileo系统精度提升18%。此外,与单GPS系统相比,GPS和Galileo双系统组合的定位精度也有约10%的提升。总体而言,GPS + Galileo双系统组合在所有方向上的定位精度均优于单一系统,充分显示出双系统组合在低轨卫星定轨中的优势。
本文基于2024-04-04—10的LEO星载观测数据,评估了不同产品和系统的模糊度固定与定轨精度,通过分析模糊度固定结果、外部参考轨道误差以及载波相位残差,并对SENTINEL-6A卫星进行多系统定轨评估,得出以下结论:
1) 使用UPD和OSB产品进行模糊度固定时,宽巷固定率均接近100%,除GRACE卫星的窄巷模糊度固定率约为85%外,其余卫星的窄巷模糊度固定率均接近95%。
2) 基于UPD和OSB产品改正的单差固定解均可显著提升低轨卫星定轨精度。使用UPD产品时,GRACE-FO、SWARM和SENTINEL卫星的固定解精度分别为1.5 cm、1.7 cm、0.9 cm,较浮点解分别提升约25%、29%、50%;而使用OSB产品时,各卫星的固定解精度分别为1.7 cm、1.8 cm、1.0 cm,分别提升约23%、28%、47%。此外,大多数卫星的固定解平均相位残差RMS值均低于1 cm。
3) SENTINEL-6A卫星在不同GNSS系统下的定轨精度评估结果表明,采用GPS和Galileo双系统组合的固定解精度为0.9 cm,相较于单GPS和单Galileo系统,精度分别提升约10%和18%。双系统组合在低轨卫星定轨中显示出优势。
4) 对比UPD与OSB产品可以发现,两者在提升LEO卫星定轨精度上的效果基本相同。在数据获取的便捷性和使用的复杂程度上,两者也无明显差异。但考虑到OSB模型在理论上更为严谨和具有灵活性,是未来偏差改正技术的发展趋势,因此在实际应用中更推荐使用OSB产品。这一结论可为相关研究和工程应用提供参考。
综上,本文通过对多颗典型LEO卫星的定轨分析表明,基于UPD与OSB产品的模糊度固定方法能够显著提高定轨精度。不同卫星任务的定轨性能存在系统性差异,其中轨道较高的卫星在模糊度固定率和最终定轨精度上均表现更优。对比2种偏差改正产品可以发现,尽管UPD与OSB产品在最终定轨性能上基本等价,但考虑到OSB模型在理论上的先进性,更推荐在未来应用中使用。此外,多GNSS系统组合定轨较单系统具有明显优势,能有效提高定轨精度及可靠性。随着巨型LEO星座的快速发展,这些基于先进偏差产品和多系统组合的精密定轨策略及性能规律,将为未来大规模星座的运行和应用提供重要参考。
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0150)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0327)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0122)
  • 重庆市自然科学基金(2024NSCQ-MSX1488)
  • 重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0098)
  • 重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划(KJQN202300747)
  • 重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划(KJQN202400708)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Wu S C , Yunck T P , Thornton C L . Reduced-Dynamic Technique for Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Satellites[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1991, 14 (1): 24- 30
2
Fu L L , Christensen E J , Yamarone C A Jr , et al. TOPEX/POSEIDON Mission Overview[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1994, 99 (C12): 24369- 24381
3
张小红, 李盼, 左翔. 固定模糊度的精密单点定位几何定轨方法及结果分析[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2013, 38 (9): 1009- 1013
Zhang Xiaohong , Li Pan , Zuo Xiang . Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination Based on Ambiguity-Fixed PPP[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2013, 38 (9): 1009- 1013
4
田英国, 郝金明. Swarm卫星天线相位中心校正及其对精密定轨的影响[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45 (12): 1406- 1412
Tian Yingguo , Hao Jinming . Swarm Satellite Antenna Phase Center Correction and Its Influence on the Precision Orbit Determination[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45 (12): 1406- 1412
5
金彪, 陈姗姗, 李敏, . 星载GPS/Galileo数据Sentinel-6A卫星运动学精密定轨研究[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2025, 50 (1): 42- 52
Jin Biao , Chen Shanshan , Li Min , et al. Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination of Sentinel-6A Satellite with Spaceborne GPS/Galileo Observations[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2025, 50 (1): 42- 52
6
Wu Z Q , Yu B G , Sheng C Z , et al. In-Flight Performance Analysis of the Navigation Augmentation Payload on LEO Communication Satellite: A Preliminary Study on WT01 Mission[J]. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 2022, 25 (1): 88- 103
7
Gong X W , Li X X , Wang P C , et al. High-Precision Orbit Determination of the Small TJU-1 Satellite Using GPS, GLONASS, and BDS[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2023, 23 (12): 13340- 13350
8
Jiang K C , Li W W , Li M , et al. Precise Orbit Determination of Haiyang-2D Using Onboard BDS-3 B1C/B2a Observations with Ambiguity Resolution[J]. Satellite Navigation, 2023, 4 (1)
9
张小红, 李星星. 非差模糊度整数固定解PPP新方法及实验[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2010, 35 (6): 657- 660
Zhang Xiaohong , Li Xingxing . A New Method for Zero-Differenced Interger Ambiguity Resolution and Its Application to PPP[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35 (6): 657- 660
10
Laurichesse D , Mercier F , Berthias J P , et al. Integer Ambiguity Resolution on Undifferenced GPS Phase Measurements and Its Application to PPP and Satellite Precise Orbit Determination[J]. Navigation, 2009, 56 (2): 135- 149
11
Collins P , Bisnath S , Lahaye F , et al. Undifferenced GPS Ambiguity Resolution Using the Decoupled Clock Model and Ambiguity Datum Fixing[J]. Navigation, 2010, 57 (2): 123- 135
12
Montenbruck O , Hackel S , van den Ijssel J , et al. Reduced Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination for the Swarm Mission from 4years of GPS Tracking[J]. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22 (3)
13
Arnold D, Schaer S, Villiger A, et al. Single-Receiver Ambiguity Fixing for GPS-Based Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbiters using CODE's New Clock and Phase Bias Products[C]. EGU General Assembly Conference, Vienna, 2019
14
Allende-Alba G , Montenbruck O , Hackel S , et al. Relative Positioning of Formation-Flying Spacecraft Using Single-Receiver GPS Carrier Phase Ambiguity Fixing[J]. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22 (3)
15
Li X X , ZhaoY H , Zhang K K , et al. LEO Real-Time Ambiguity-Fixed Precise Orbit Determination with Onboard GPS/Galileo Observations[J]. GPS Solutions, 2024, 28 (4): 1- 20
16
吴家齐. 基于非差模糊度固定技术的卫星精密轨道确定[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2020
Wu Jiaqi. Precise GNSS and LEO Orbit Determination with Zero-Difference Ambiguity Resolution[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2020)
17
李星星, 张伟, 袁勇强, . GNSS卫星精密定轨综述: 现状、挑战与机遇[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51 (7): 1271- 1293
Li Xingxing , Zhang Wei , Yuan Yongqiang , et al. Review of GNSS Precise Orbit Determination: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51 (7): 1271- 1293
18
谭涵, 吴家齐. 星间单差模糊度固定的低轨卫星精密定轨精度分析[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2022, 47 (9): 1460- 1469
Tan Han , Wu Jiaqi . Accuracy Assessment for LEO Precise Orbit Determination with Single-Difference Ambiguity Resolution[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2022, 47 (9): 1460- 1469
19
Teunissen P J G . The Least-Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment: A Method for Fast GPS Integer Ambiguity Estimation[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 1995, 70 (1): 65- 82
20
Li X X , Qin Y J , Zhang K K , et al. Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Satellites: Single-Receiver Ambiguity Resolution Using GREAT Products[J]. Geo-spatial Information Science, 2022, 25 (1): 63- 73
21
Schreiner P , König R , Neumayer K H , et al. On Precise Orbit Determination Based on DORIS, GPS and SLR Using Sentinel-3A/B and -6A and Subsequent Reference Frame Determination Based on DORIS-Only[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2023, 72 (1): 47- 64
22
Montenbruck O , Hackel S , Wermuth M , et al. Sentinel-6A Precise Orbit Determination Using a Combined GPS/Galileo Receiver[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2021, 95 (9)
23
Huang W , Männel B , Brack A , et al. Two Methods to Determine Scale-Independent GPS PCOs and GNSS-Based Terrestrial Scale: Comparison and Cross-Check[J]. GPS Solutions, 2020, 25 (1)
24
Jäggi A , Dach R , Montenbruck O , et al. Phase Center Modeling for LEO GPS Receiver Antennas and Its Impact on Precise Orbit Determination[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2009, 83 (12): 1145- 1162
25
Lichten S M , Bar-Sever Y E , Wu C W . Effects of Antenna Orientation on GPS Carrier Phase[J]. Manuscripta Geodaetica, 1993, 18, 91- 98
26
Lyard F , Lefevre F , Letellier T , et al. Modelling the Global Ocean Tides: Modern Insights from FES2004[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2006, 56 (5): 394- 415
27
Rodriguez-Solano C J , Hugentobler U , Steigenberger P . Adjustable Box-Wing Model for Solar Radiation Pressure Impacting GPS Satellites[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2012, 49 (7): 1113- 1128
28
Berger C , Biancale R , Ill M , et al. Improvement of the Empirical Thermospheric Model DTM: DTM94-a Comparative Review of Various Temporal Variations and Prospects in Space Geodesy Applications[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 1998, 72 (3): 161- 178
2026年第46卷第6期
PDF下载
149
72
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270
  • 接收时间:2025-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-07-09
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05
基金
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0150)
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0327)
重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0122)
重庆市自然科学基金(2024NSCQ-MSX1488)
重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0098)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划(KJQN202300747)
重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划(KJQN202400708)
作者信息
    1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆, 400074
    2 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心, 重庆, 401147
    3 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉, 430079
    4 中国星网网络应用有限公司, 重庆, 401121

通讯作者:

杨志鑫, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事低轨卫星导航增强GNSS研究, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.08.270
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏