Article(id=1322570958838284544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322570898712937423, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.210, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1750694400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793255088767, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793255088767, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793255088767, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793255088767, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322570898712937423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='522', pageEnd='661', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793255074432, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793255074432, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=522, endPage=529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322570959484207361, articleId=1322570958838284544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Present-Day Tectonic Stress Field Inversion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Based on Seismic Focal Mechanisms, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the MSATSI method with 1°×1° grid resolution, we inverted the present-day tectonic stress field of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. The results show that: 1) The focal mechanisms are predominantly strike-slip and thrust types, with 72.70% of P-axes and 58.97% of T-axes plunging less than 30°, indicating that the Qinghai-Xizang plateau is dominated by horizontal compression and shear stress. 2) The stress shape ratio R is significantly higher at the plateau margins than in the interior, with 76.21% of maximum principal compressive stress axes (σ1) plunging less than 15° and trending overall NNE-SSW. 3) The maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) of Qinghai-Xizang plateau rotates clockwise around the eastern syntaxis. In the shallow crust (0 to 10 km), SHmax direction aligns with GPS velocity fields and is controlled by active tectonics. SHmax of the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau, northeast of the Longmenshan, rotates counterclockwise by 20° to 30° at 10 to 20 km depth, indicating decoupling between shallow and deep stress fields, likely associated with differential deformation mechanisms of upper strike-slip and deep thrust thickening.

, authors=Mingming ZHANG1, 2, Xinsuo ZHOU1, 2, Xiaohui LI1, 2, Feng YUAN1, 2, Jing DING1, 2, Liang WANG3, authorsList=Mingming ZHANG, Xinsuo ZHOU, Xiaohui LI, Feng YUAN, Jing DING, Liang WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322570963665928470, articleId=1322570958838284544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于地震震源机制的青藏高原现今构造应力场反演, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于MSATSI方法, 以1°×1°网格反演青藏高原现今构造应力场。结果表明: 1)震源机制解以走滑型和逆断型为主, 72.70%的P轴和58.97%的T轴倾伏角小于30°, 表明青藏高原主要受水平挤压和剪切应力作用。2)应力形因子R值在高原边缘明显高于内部, 76.21%的最大主压应力轴σ1倾伏角小于15°, 整体呈近NNE-SSW向。3)青藏高原东缘最大水平主应力SHmax围绕东构造结呈顺时针旋转。浅层地壳(0~10 km) SHmax方向与GPS速度场一致, 受现今活动构造控制; 龙门山以北的青藏高原东北缘10~20 km深度SHmax逆时针偏转20°~30°, 指示深浅部应力场解耦, 可能与上部走滑和深部逆冲增厚的差异变形机制有关。

, authors=张明明1, 2, 周新锁1, 2, 李晓晖1, 2, 袁峰1, 2, 丁静1, 2, 王亮3, authorsList=张明明, 周新锁, 李晓晖, 袁峰, 丁静, 王亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

张明明, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为地学大数据、三维地质建模与成矿预测, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FfwnlHWRl8lTEudhSBJNjA==, magXml=yXYDJ36XLXCq6bL0Ajntqw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VIOj/gYevgpQJLi4BuqB5A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+uY/RQVgEov+MsaE7/jL5g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322570964353794337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mm81_0@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322570966207676708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, authorId=1322570964353794337, language=EN, stringName=Mingming ZHANG, firstName=Mingming, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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张明明, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为地学大数据、三维地质建模与成矿预测, E-mail:

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Geology, 2010, 38 (3): 223- 226, articleTitle=Dissipation of Fast Strike-Slip Faulting within and beyond Northeastern Tibet, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322570971828044127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, awardId=42272341, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42272341), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322570971878375776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, awardId=2024YFC2909202, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2024YFC2909202), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322570963909198103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322570964068581656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, companyId=1322570963909198103, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322570964081164569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, companyId=1322570963909198103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥, 230009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322570964160856346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322570964169244955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, companyId=1322570964160856346, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Deep Exploration, Evaluation and Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources, Hefei 230009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322570964181827868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, companyId=1322570964160856346, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 安徽省战略性矿产资源深部探测与评价利用重点实验室, 合肥, 230009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322570964253131037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322570964261519646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, companyId=1322570964253131037, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Anhui Institute of Geological Surveying and Mapping Technology, Hefei 230022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322570964269908255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, companyId=1322570964253131037, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 安徽省地质测绘技术院, 合肥, 230022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322570968745230669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Geological background of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau region, figureFileSmall=safaO1ioqmNOJ/4rYCGWPA==, figureFileBig=VIOj/gYevgpQJLi4BuqB5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570968824922446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图1, caption=青藏高原区域地质背景

图中断层数据来自文献[9]

, figureFileSmall=safaO1ioqmNOJ/4rYCGWPA==, figureFileBig=VIOj/gYevgpQJLi4BuqB5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570969030443343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Distribution of focal mechanism solutions, figureFileSmall=kK52YLil2BhKuoJxwQecPg==, figureFileBig=Gg9iCcb7vVVxMswxw5ALig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570970687193424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图2, caption=震源机制解分布, figureFileSmall=kK52YLil2BhKuoJxwQecPg==, figureFileBig=Gg9iCcb7vVVxMswxw5ALig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570970796245329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Horizontal projection distribution of P-axis and T-axis, figureFileSmall=xbIiMSsh1hopSR5ZXfbyDg==, figureFileBig=NAIWHWAulnxrQheuA+CP2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570970859159890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图3, caption=P轴和T轴水平投影分布, figureFileSmall=xbIiMSsh1hopSR5ZXfbyDg==, figureFileBig=NAIWHWAulnxrQheuA+CP2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570970930463059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Curve of fitting error and model length, figureFileSmall=aeEq/K7rB+E4yhxx5wof7Q==, figureFileBig=uUkg0erP09fjT/SjjjuY8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971005960532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图4, caption=拟合误差与模型长度曲线

图中“+”为本文最佳阻尼系数

, figureFileSmall=aeEq/K7rB+E4yhxx5wof7Q==, figureFileBig=uUkg0erP09fjT/SjjjuY8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971127595349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Stress field inversion results, figureFileSmall=E1/tZuyNXc/BREnKfJnbBw==, figureFileBig=3b7D37H/27MAn98HIyKrFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971190509910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图5, caption=应力场反演结果

图中红色、绿色和蓝色圆点分别表示95%置信度下应力轴σ1、σ2和σ3的不确定范围;“+”表示σ1、σ2和σ3的最优解;方格底色反映应力形因子R大小

, figureFileSmall=E1/tZuyNXc/BREnKfJnbBw==, figureFileBig=3b7D37H/27MAn98HIyKrFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971257618775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Stereographic projection distribution of the optimal orientation of principal stress axes, figureFileSmall=yt2VNNqZpUTTzIW6JlUKEA==, figureFileBig=Ul3FHodg28zr+OUaOXXrRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971312144728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图6, caption=主应力轴最优方位赤平投影分布, figureFileSmall=yt2VNNqZpUTTzIW6JlUKEA==, figureFileBig=Ul3FHodg28zr+OUaOXXrRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971404419417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Distribution of maximum horizontal stress, figureFileSmall=JzaaOUgPZhRgxzBzb9Z/qw==, figureFileBig=9p5jibtE+FH+PG7jjCYKbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971471528282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图7, caption=最大水平应力分布

图中箭头表示青藏高原区域地壳水平运动速度场,地壳水平运动速度场来源于文献[19]

, figureFileSmall=JzaaOUgPZhRgxzBzb9Z/qw==, figureFileBig=9p5jibtE+FH+PG7jjCYKbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971538637147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Maximum horizontal stress distribution at different depths, figureFileSmall=qhRhQjfOnRezPHu/sCdeqQ==, figureFileBig=67Ul686LQkuonoDsC5igFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322570971601551708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322570958838284544, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同深度最大水平应力分布

图中红色为正断型作用体系,绿色为走滑型作用体系,蓝色为逆断型作用体系,黑色为过渡型作用体系

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基于地震震源机制的青藏高原现今构造应力场反演
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张明明 1, 2 , 周新锁 1, 2 , 李晓晖 1, 2 , 袁峰 1, 2 , 丁静 1, 2 , 王亮 3
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(5): 522-529
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (5) : 522 -529
基于地震震源机制的青藏高原现今构造应力场反演
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张明明1, 2 , 周新锁1, 2, 李晓晖1, 2, 袁峰1, 2, 丁静1, 2, 王亮3
作者信息
  • 1 合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥, 230009
  • 2 安徽省战略性矿产资源深部探测与评价利用重点实验室, 合肥, 230009
  • 3 安徽省地质测绘技术院, 合肥, 230022
作者简介:

张明明, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为地学大数据、三维地质建模与成矿预测, E-mail:

Present-Day Tectonic Stress Field Inversion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Based on Seismic Focal Mechanisms
Mingming ZHANG1, 2 , Xinsuo ZHOU1, 2, Xiaohui LI1, 2, Feng YUAN1, 2, Jing DING1, 2, Liang WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • 2 Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Deep Exploration, Evaluation and Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources, Hefei 230009, China
  • 3 Anhui Institute of Geological Surveying and Mapping Technology, Hefei 230022, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.210
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基于MSATSI方法, 以1°×1°网格反演青藏高原现今构造应力场。结果表明: 1)震源机制解以走滑型和逆断型为主, 72.70%的P轴和58.97%的T轴倾伏角小于30°, 表明青藏高原主要受水平挤压和剪切应力作用。2)应力形因子R值在高原边缘明显高于内部, 76.21%的最大主压应力轴σ1倾伏角小于15°, 整体呈近NNE-SSW向。3)青藏高原东缘最大水平主应力SHmax围绕东构造结呈顺时针旋转。浅层地壳(0~10 km) SHmax方向与GPS速度场一致, 受现今活动构造控制; 龙门山以北的青藏高原东北缘10~20 km深度SHmax逆时针偏转20°~30°, 指示深浅部应力场解耦, 可能与上部走滑和深部逆冲增厚的差异变形机制有关。

青藏高原  /  震源机制  /  应力场反演  /  MSATSI  /  最大水平主应力

Based on the MSATSI method with 1°×1° grid resolution, we inverted the present-day tectonic stress field of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. The results show that: 1) The focal mechanisms are predominantly strike-slip and thrust types, with 72.70% of P-axes and 58.97% of T-axes plunging less than 30°, indicating that the Qinghai-Xizang plateau is dominated by horizontal compression and shear stress. 2) The stress shape ratio R is significantly higher at the plateau margins than in the interior, with 76.21% of maximum principal compressive stress axes (σ1) plunging less than 15° and trending overall NNE-SSW. 3) The maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) of Qinghai-Xizang plateau rotates clockwise around the eastern syntaxis. In the shallow crust (0 to 10 km), SHmax direction aligns with GPS velocity fields and is controlled by active tectonics. SHmax of the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau, northeast of the Longmenshan, rotates counterclockwise by 20° to 30° at 10 to 20 km depth, indicating decoupling between shallow and deep stress fields, likely associated with differential deformation mechanisms of upper strike-slip and deep thrust thickening.

Qinghai-Xizang plateau  /  focal mechanism  /  stress field inversion  /  MSATSI  /  maximum horizontal stress
张明明, 周新锁, 李晓晖, 袁峰, 丁静, 王亮. 基于地震震源机制的青藏高原现今构造应力场反演. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (5) : 522 -529 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.210
Mingming ZHANG, Xinsuo ZHOU, Xiaohui LI, Feng YUAN, Jing DING, Liang WANG. Present-Day Tectonic Stress Field Inversion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Based on Seismic Focal Mechanisms[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (5) : 522 -529 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.210
青藏高原作为印度-欧亚板块持续碰撞的产物,是研究大陆动力学过程的天然实验室。板块汇聚作用导致青藏高原内部及其周缘发育多条大型活动断裂带(图 1),这些断裂带共同构成青藏高原复杂的构造格局。受强烈构造活动控制,青藏高原及其周缘发生过多次MW≥7.0强震[1],造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失。构造应力场是驱动地壳变形和地震活动的根本动力来源,可以揭示青藏高原现今应力场的空间分布特征及其与活动构造的关系,对于理解高原变形机制、评估地震危险性具有重要科学意义。
震源机制解反演方法利用地震破裂瞬间的断层运动信息约束应力状态,可以很好地表征现今应力场特征,已成为研究现今构造应力场的有效手段[2-4]。Martínez-Garzón等[5]开发的阻尼区域应力反演(MSATSI) 程序实现了阻尼区域应力反演方法的自动化计算,被广泛应用于板块边界带和活动构造区的应力场研究。国内许多学者对青藏高原应力场进行研究,并取得重要进展。孟文等[6]和冯兵等[7]对青藏高原东北缘的应力场特征进行反演; 崔丰智等[8]利用MSATSI方法研究鄂尔多斯块体西北缘的构造应力场特征。但以往基于震源机制解的青藏高原应力场研究多聚焦于局部区域,缺乏对整个高原应力场空间分布的系统认识,难以揭示高原尺度的应力场特征。因此,开展青藏高原整体尺度的应力场反演研究,对于深入理解高原变形机制具有重要意义。
基于以上认识,本文收集青藏高原区域(23°~43°N, 71°~110°E) 2 264个MW≥2.0地震震源机制解,采用MSATSI方法[5], 以1°×1°网格进行应力场反演,探讨青藏高原现今构造应力场的空间分布特征,以期为理解青藏高原变形机制和动力学过程提供新的约束。
从青藏高原地区相关研究[9-13]中收集MW≥2.0地震震源机制解743例,从GCMT收集MW≥4.5地震震源机制解1 521例,共计2 264例。根据WSM震源机制分类准则[6],对本文收集的震源机制解类型进行统计分类,其中走滑型(SS)910个,占比40.19%;正走滑型(NS)和逆走滑型(TS)共计153个,占比6.76%;正断型(NF)356个,占比15.72%;逆断型(TF)680个,占比30.04%;其他类型震源机制165个,占比7.29%。统计结果显示, 研究区地震类型以走滑型和逆断型为主,兼有部分正断型地震(图 2)。其中逆断型地震分布特征明显,主要集中于帕米尔高原、天山、祁连造山带、海原断裂带、龙门山断裂带等高原边界区域。
图 3为震源机制解P轴和T轴水平投影结果,可以看出,P轴和T轴水平投影均表现出较为明显的空间分异特征。青藏高原P轴主要呈近ENE向分布,在帕米尔高原及天山等西北部区域P轴主要呈NNW向分布,在青藏高原东缘P轴具有明显的围绕东构造结顺时针旋转的特征,由ENE向顺时针偏转为ESE向,同时表现出较为明显的垂直于板块边界的特征,这与板块边界易发生逆断型地质活动吻合。统计震源机制压力轴P轴和张力轴T轴倾伏角可知,P轴倾伏角在30°以内的数量为1 646个,占比72.70%;T轴倾伏角小于30°的数量为1 335个,占比58.97%。研究区P轴和T轴倾伏角接近水平,表明研究区主要受水平方向的作用力,这与青藏高原地区较多的走滑型地质活动背景相符。
对研究区以1°×1°经纬网格进行应力场反演,反演条件为区域内震源机制解最少为3个,数据重采样次数设置为1 000次,置信区间为95%。综合考虑模型的复杂程度与数据拟合误差,最终反演得到的最优阻尼系数为1.3(图 4)。由于确定绝对应力大小非常困难,通常采用应力形因子R表示相对应力大小[14-15],表达式为:
$R=\frac{\sigma_2-\sigma_1}{\sigma_3-\sigma_1}\left(\sigma_3 \geqslant \sigma_2 \geqslant \sigma_1\right)$
由于只考虑偏应力张量,因此有σ1+σ2+σ3=0,σ1轴表现为挤压应力特征,σ3轴表现为拉张应力特征[15]。R值等于0.5时,σ1、σ2与σ3呈等差排列,σ2不表现构造作用,σ1表现为压应力状态,σ3表现为张应力状态。R值由0.5趋向于1时,中间应力轴σ2呈现出的张应力状态越明显; R值等于1时,中间应力轴σ2与主张力轴σ3均表现为张应力状态,两轴难以区分,为双轴拉张应力状态。R值由0.5趋向于0时,中间应力轴σ2呈现出的压应力状态越明显; R值等于0时,中间应力轴σ2与主压力轴σ1均表现为压应力状态,两轴难以区分,为双轴压缩应力状态[16]。
图 5为95%置信度下的应力场结果,共得到227个网格区域的应力及应力形因子R值反演结果。青藏高原R值范围为0.06~0.97,图中暖色调方格代表双轴拉张区域(即R值较大的区域),冷色调方格代表双轴压缩区域。双轴拉张区域以青藏高原西北部边缘、东北部以及东构造结区域为主,包括帕米尔高原北部、天山、祁连山断裂带、海原断裂带以及龙门山断裂带等区域。双轴压缩区域以青藏高原中部和东南部为主,包括拉萨-羌塘地体中西部、横断山脉等地区。青藏高原R值整体呈现出边缘较高(R>0.6)、中部较低(R < 0.4)的特征。经统计可知,主压应力轴σ1轴倾伏角小于15°占比76.21%,σ3轴倾伏角小于15°占比59.47%,σ2轴倾伏角普遍较大,趋近于垂直。σ1和σ3轴倾伏角均较小,趋近于水平,表明青藏高原地区整体上处于水平方向挤压和剪切应力状态之下,这与青藏高原中南部多走滑地质活动特征一致。
图 6为σ1、σ2、σ3三个主应力轴最优解的赤平投影。从整体空间分布来看,最大主压应力轴σ1主要呈NNE-SSW向分布,挤压应力方向大致垂直于青藏高原南缘边界,这与印度洋板块向北推挤欧亚板块的运动方向基本一致,表明青藏高原应力场主要受控于印度-欧亚板块的持续碰撞作用。在青藏高原不同区域,主应力轴方向具有明显的空间分异特征,反映了青藏高原内部复杂的应力调整过程。在青藏高原西北缘,帕米尔高原及其北部区域的σ1轴以NNW-SSE向为主,σ3轴主要呈ENE-WSW向,表明该区域最大压缩应力方向为NNW-SSE向,反映了帕米尔高原向北推挤并伴有近东西向拉张的构造特征。天山附近区域的σ1轴呈近N-S向,σ3轴呈E-W向,表明该区域主要受N-S向挤压缩短作用控制。青藏高原东缘的应力场表现出最为复杂的空间变化特征,σ1轴大致以巴颜喀拉块体东南部为中心呈辐射状分布,并呈现出显著的顺时针旋转特征。沿阿尔金断裂带-祁连山北部断裂带-海原断裂带,σ1轴由NNE向逐渐偏转为NE向,至西秦岭断裂带偏转为ENE向,至龙门山断裂带进一步偏转为ESE向,至横断山脉及其南部区域,σ1轴最终偏转为SSE向。这表明青藏高原东缘的祁连-海原断裂带、西秦岭北缘断裂带和龙门山断裂带等区域应力发生顺时针旋转,原因为高原物质向NNE向挤出时,东北部受阿拉善及鄂尔多斯刚性块体阻挡,东部受四川盆地阻挡,最终形成围绕东构造结的顺时针旋转模式。上述结论与前人基于GPS观测、地震活动性分析等方法获得的认识[6, 17-18]相互印证。
MSATSI方法能够计算出各网格区域的最大水平主应力SHmax方向,并对应力类型进行划分。图 7为本文反演得到的SHmax结果,可以看出, SHmax方向分布与σ1轴基本一致,并具有相同的空间分异特征。本文获得的SHmax分布与王伟等[19]基于1999—2014年GPS数据得到的青藏高原区域速度场特征基本一致,表明研究区构造应力场与地壳水平变形特征具有较好的一致性。
从图 7可以看出,青藏高原内部以走滑型应力作用体系为主,SHmax方向主要呈NNE-SSW向,反映了在印度-亚洲大陆持续汇聚背景下,青藏高原内部发生的大规模侧向剪切变形,这一应力格局与高原东向挤出的运动学模式相吻合。青藏高原边缘地带显著发育逆冲型应力体系,特别是沿北缘祁连山构造带、东北缘六盘山构造带、东缘龙门山构造带以及西北缘天山区域最为突出,且SHmax方向与高原边缘基本垂直,指示了青藏高原向周缘稳定地块的强烈推覆作用。青藏高原东缘边界GPS速度场具有明显的加速收缩趋势,应力作用体系由走滑型逐渐转为逆断型,揭示了青藏高原向北挤压过程中由于受到阿拉善块体、鄂尔多斯块体以及华南地块的阻挡,致使青藏高原不断侧向挤出,同时向东南缘川滇地区挤出的变形特征。
青藏高原东缘断层体系较为复杂,应力作用体系以逆冲挤压为主,从图 7红色方框区域可以看出,在柴达木与巴颜喀拉块体东缘交汇处以及龙门山断裂带区域应力场偏转显著,表明该区地质活动较为强烈。本文进一步从深度层面研究该区应力场特征,将震源机制按照深度0~10 km、10~20 km以及大于20 km分为3类,并按照1°×1°格网进行应力场反演。部分格网内震源机制数量较少,因此应力场反演时每个网格内的震源机制至少为1个。MSATSI方法能够根据周围格网对每个网格点的应力张量进行平滑,从而获得较为可靠的结果[20-21]。
从图 8可以看出,龙门山断裂带以南的川滇菱形块体以及四川盆地西缘,SHmax在不同深度范围内表现出良好的一致性,方向稳定在ESE-SE向,表明该区应力场受区域构造背景主导。龙门山断裂带以北的青藏高原东北缘,SHmax随深度呈现系统性变化,具体表现为:浅部(0~10 km) SHmax方向与GPS观测的地壳运动方向基本一致,为近东西向, 指示浅部应力场受现今活动构造控制;在10~20 km深度,SHmax方向发生约20°~30°的逆时针偏转,可能与中地壳流变性质差异及深部物质流动有关。结合GPS速度场分析(图 7)发现,青藏高原东缘自西向东的地壳收敛速率呈递增趋势,主导应力机制相应地由鲜水河断裂带的走滑型转变为龙门山断裂带的逆断型。这一构造转换模式反映了高原物质东移时在龙门山受到四川盆地刚性阻挡,断层滑动速率的动能转化为地壳缩短和垂向隆升。
龙门山断裂西部及鲜水河断裂区域不同深度地壳的受控应力类型存在显著差异,浅部地壳(0~10 km)的受控应力类型为走滑型,10~20 km深度地壳的受控应力类型为逆断型。本文从中国地震台网收集2012—2022年青藏高原区域5 945个正式地震目录,取沿图 7所示测线两侧1°范围内的震源,并恢复至沿测线的剖面,震源深度剖面如图 9所示。从D-D′、E-E′、F-F′及G-G′测线剖面可以看出,自西向东震源深度具有较为明显的层次性,在99°~102°E和103°~106°E出现震源深度加深的现象。从A-A′测线剖面可以看出,震源深度有不断加深的趋势,在板块缝合带附近这种现象更加明显。从B-B′测线剖面可以看出,在巴颜喀拉块体边缘,震源深度明显加深。从C-C′测线剖面可以看出,在祁连山断裂带附近,震源深度明显加深。这些表明青藏高原在向边缘挤压时存在地壳缩短增厚现象,与冯兵等[7]的研究结论基本一致。青藏高原东缘不同深度地壳的受控应力作用体系及方向存在较大差异,原因可能为地壳上部受到青藏高原挤压及周围刚性块体阻挡的共同作用出现走滑,深部地壳物质的运动速度较慢,出现逆冲断层体系,地壳收缩增厚,致使浅部地壳应力与深部地壳应力发生解耦,这与剪切应变在高原东部边缘区域向外扩张时转为逆冲收缩增厚的观点相吻合[22]。
本文利用2 264个MW≥2.0地震震源机制解数据,采用MSATSI方法反演青藏高原应力场,探讨青藏高原现今构造应力特征。主要认识如下:1)震源机制解以走滑型和逆断型为主,P轴和T轴倾伏角较小,表明青藏高原主要受近水平方向的挤压和剪切应力作用。2)最大主压应力轴σ1围绕东构造结的顺时针旋转反映了高原物质东向挤出的应力调整过程,这与GPS观测、地震活动性等多源数据相互验证。3)青藏高原东北缘(龙门山断裂带以北)深浅部最大水平应力SHmax方向存在显著差异,指示该区域可能存在深浅部应力解耦。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42272341)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2024YFC2909202)
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2026年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.06.210
  • 接收时间:2025-06-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-24
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国家自然科学基金(42272341)
国家重点研发计划(2024YFC2909202)
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    1 合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥, 230009
    2 安徽省战略性矿产资源深部探测与评价利用重点实验室, 合肥, 230009
    3 安徽省地质测绘技术院, 合肥, 230022
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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