Article(id=1322567008965738585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566927927591451, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.05.173, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254147044, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254147044, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254147044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254147044, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566927927591451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='262', pageEnd='391', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254127723, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254127723, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=308, endPage=315, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322567009116733530, articleId=1322567008965738585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Domestic Absolute Gravimeter Cave Comparison Observation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To further evaluate the technical performance of domestic independently developed absolute gravimeters, this study conducted comparison observations using multiple absolute gravimeters in the cave of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Gravimetry Laboratory. Through unified data processing, high-precision absolute gravity comparison data were obtained. The results demonstrate that no significant deviation exists between atomic interferometry absolute gravimeters and laser interferometry absolute gravimeters in this comparison, with deviations all within -4.95 μGal to 5.31 μGal. Each atomic interferometry absolute gravimeter achieved an observation precision of 1 μGal during continuous 4-hour measurements, with inter-instrument deviations maintained below 10 μGal, demonstrating excellent stability and consistency. This study marks the first comparison measurements conducted on multiple domestically developed absolute gravimeters featuring independent domestic. It involved detailed data processing, scientific evaluation, and a multidimensional performance assessment, providing crucial references for the subsequent development and application of domestic gravimeters.

, authors=Jiapei WANG1, 2, 3, Minzhang HU1, 2, 3, *, Minkang ZHOU4, Yuan CHENG4, Xiaobing DENG4, Minghui ZHANG1, 2, 3, Chi XIAO1, 2, 3, Zhongya LI1, 2, 3, Jin WEI1, 2, 3, Chao ZHOU5, Wei TIAN6, Wu LIU7, Yaning WANG8, authorsList=Jiapei WANG, Minzhang HU, Minkang ZHOU, Yuan CHENG, Xiaobing DENG, Minghui ZHANG, Chi XIAO, Zhongya LI, Jin WEI, Chao ZHOU, Wei TIAN, Wu LIU, Yaning WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Minzhang HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322567012207935591, articleId=1322567008965738585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=国产绝对重力仪山洞比对观测, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于多台绝对重力仪在华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心山洞内的比对观测, 经过统一数据处理, 获得了高精度的绝对重力比对观测数据。结果表明, 此次比对观测中, 原子干涉型绝对重力仪与激光干涉型绝对重力仪不存在明显的偏差, 均在-4.95~5.31 μGal以内; 各原子干涉型绝对重力仪在连续观测4 h内均可达到1 μGal的观测精度, 仪器间偏差在10 μGal以内, 具有较好的稳定性和一致性。本文首次对多台国产自主研发的绝对重力仪进行了比对观测, 并进行了精细的数据处理、科学评价和多维度的性能评估, 为后续国产重力仪的研发和应用提供了重要参考。

, authors=王嘉沛1, 2, 3, 胡敏章1, 2, 3, *, 周敏康4, 程源4, 邓小兵4, 张明辉1, 2, 3, 肖驰1, 2, 3, 李忠亚1, 2, 3, 韦进1, 2, 3, 周超5, 田蔚6, 刘武7, 王亚宁8, authorsList=王嘉沛, 胡敏章, 周敏康, 程源, 邓小兵, 张明辉, 肖驰, 李忠亚, 韦进, 周超, 田蔚, 刘武, 王亚宁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡敏章, authorNote=

王嘉沛, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事重力变化观测与机理解释工作, E-mail:

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胡敏章, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事重力场及其变化监测与地震分析预报研究工作, E-mail:
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Participants and instrument specifications

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 仪器类型
1 湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所) FG5X-259 激光干涉型
2 华中科技大学 RAI-g 原子干涉型
3 华中科技大学 AG-ref 原子干涉型
4 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 原子干涉型
5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 IGG-03B 激光干涉型
6 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 原子干涉型
7 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s 原子干涉型
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参加比测的单位及仪器信息

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 仪器类型
1 湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所) FG5X-259 激光干涉型
2 华中科技大学 RAI-g 原子干涉型
3 华中科技大学 AG-ref 原子干涉型
4 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 原子干涉型
5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 IGG-03B 激光干涉型
6 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 原子干涉型
7 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s 原子干涉型
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Gravity vertical gradient and accuracy at each measuring point

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序号 点号130 cm 80 cm
重力垂直梯度/μGal·cm-1 精度/μGal 重力垂直梯度/μGal·cm-1 精度/μGal
1 D1 -2.69 0.45 -2.76 0.39
2 D2 -2.67 0.68 -2.66 0.47
3 D4 -2.79 0.69 -2.80 0.46
4 D7 -2.82 0.34 -2.84 0.34
5 D10 -2.71 0.88 -2.81 0.53
6 D12 -2.57 0.25 -2.65 0.49
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各比测点位的重力垂直梯度及精度

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序号 点号130 cm 80 cm
重力垂直梯度/μGal·cm-1 精度/μGal 重力垂直梯度/μGal·cm-1 精度/μGal
1 D1 -2.69 0.45 -2.76 0.39
2 D2 -2.67 0.68 -2.66 0.47
3 D4 -2.79 0.69 -2.80 0.46
4 D7 -2.82 0.34 -2.84 0.34
5 D10 -2.71 0.88 -2.81 0.53
6 D12 -2.57 0.25 -2.65 0.49
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Gravity interval difference and accuracy between each measuring point

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序号 测段 测段段差/μGal 精度/μGal
1 D1-D2 23.7 2.05
2 D2-D4 -112.0 5.05
3 D4-D7 -7.7 0.35
4 D7-D10 65.3 2.00
5 D10-D12 96.8 6.20
6 D11-D1 12.31 2.50
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各比测点位间的重力段差及精度

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序号 测段 测段段差/μGal 精度/μGal
1 D1-D2 23.7 2.05
2 D2-D4 -112.0 5.05
3 D4-D7 -7.7 0.35
4 D7-D10 65.3 2.00
5 D10-D12 96.8 6.20
6 D11-D1 12.31 2.50
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Observation results provided by each participant

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 观测点位 观测起始时间 观测时长/h 有效高度/cm 有效高度处的绝对重力值/μGal 超导重力改正/μGal 不确定度/μGal
1 湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所) FG5X-259 D1 2024-09-21 30 137.99 979XXXX64.69 0.53 4.52
2 华中科技大学 RAI-g D4 2024-09-20 112 59 979XXXX62.50 0.44 5.00
3 华中科技大学 AG-ref D11 2024-09-19 40 105.6 979XXXX66.08 0.50 1.70
4 中国船舶集团公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 D12 2024-09-22 31.5 56.5 979XXXX17.90 0.69 6.50
5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 IGG-03B D7 2024-09-21 25 111.5 979XXXX24.60 0.52 5.00
6 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 D10 2024-09-20 25 113.686 979XXXX54.90 0.45 5.20
7 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s D2 2024-09-21 25 56.98 979XXXX66.99 0.52 8.20
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各单位提供的观测结果

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 观测点位 观测起始时间 观测时长/h 有效高度/cm 有效高度处的绝对重力值/μGal 超导重力改正/μGal 不确定度/μGal
1 湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所) FG5X-259 D1 2024-09-21 30 137.99 979XXXX64.69 0.53 4.52
2 华中科技大学 RAI-g D4 2024-09-20 112 59 979XXXX62.50 0.44 5.00
3 华中科技大学 AG-ref D11 2024-09-19 40 105.6 979XXXX66.08 0.50 1.70
4 中国船舶集团公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 D12 2024-09-22 31.5 56.5 979XXXX17.90 0.69 6.50
5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 IGG-03B D7 2024-09-21 25 111.5 979XXXX24.60 0.52 5.00
6 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 D10 2024-09-20 25 113.686 979XXXX54.90 0.45 5.20
7 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s D2 2024-09-21 25 56.98 979XXXX66.99 0.52 8.20
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Deviation between each instrument and FG5X-259

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 偏差值/μGal
1 湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所) FG5X-259 0
2 华中科技大学 RAI-g 2.44
3 华中科技大学 AG-ref 0.21
4 中国船舶集团公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 -3.10
5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 IGG-03B 6.33
6 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 -3.93
7 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s 5.62
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各仪器与FG5X-259的偏差值

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 偏差值/μGal
1 湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所) FG5X-259 0
2 华中科技大学 RAI-g 2.44
3 华中科技大学 AG-ref 0.21
4 中国船舶集团公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 -3.10
5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 IGG-03B 6.33
6 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 -3.93
7 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s 5.62
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Sensitivity of various atomic interference instruments

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 灵敏度/μGal·Hz-1/2 达到1 μGal所需要的时间/h
1 华中科技大学 RAI-g 96.11 2.56
2 华中科技大学 AG-ref 45.38 0.57
3 中国船舶集团公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 59.89 0.99
4 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 19.64 0.10
5 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s 113.40 3.57
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各原子干涉型仪器的灵敏度

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序号 单位名称 仪器型号 灵敏度/μGal·Hz-1/2 达到1 μGal所需要的时间/h
1 华中科技大学 RAI-g 96.11 2.56
2 华中科技大学 AG-ref 45.38 0.57
3 中国船舶集团公司第七一七研究所 ColdAG-10 59.89 0.99
4 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 WAG-H5-2 19.64 0.10
5 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司 QS-AG10s 113.40 3.57
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国产绝对重力仪山洞比对观测
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王嘉沛 1, 2, 3 , 胡敏章 1, 2, 3, * , 周敏康 4 , 程源 4 , 邓小兵 4 , 张明辉 1, 2, 3 , 肖驰 1, 2, 3 , 李忠亚 1, 2, 3 , 韦进 1, 2, 3 , 周超 5 , 田蔚 6 , 刘武 7 , 王亚宁 8
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(3): 308-315
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (3) : 308 -315
国产绝对重力仪山洞比对观测
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王嘉沛1, 2, 3 , 胡敏章1, 2, 3, * , 周敏康4, 程源4, 邓小兵4, 张明辉1, 2, 3, 肖驰1, 2, 3, 李忠亚1, 2, 3, 韦进1, 2, 3, 周超5, 田蔚6, 刘武7, 王亚宁8
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地震研究所, 武汉, 430071
  • 2 中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室, 武汉, 430071
  • 3 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站, 武汉, 430071
  • 4 华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心, 武汉, 430074
  • 5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 武汉, 430077
  • 6 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一七研究所, 武汉, 430200
  • 7 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司, 武汉, 430070
  • 8 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司, 长沙, 410006
通讯作者:
胡敏章, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事重力场及其变化监测与地震分析预报研究工作, E-mail:
作者简介:

王嘉沛, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事重力变化观测与机理解释工作, E-mail:

Domestic Absolute Gravimeter Cave Comparison Observation
Jiapei WANG1, 2, 3 , Minzhang HU1, 2, 3, * , Minkang ZHOU4, Yuan CHENG4, Xiaobing DENG4, Minghui ZHANG1, 2, 3, Chi XIAO1, 2, 3, Zhongya LI1, 2, 3, Jin WEI1, 2, 3, Chao ZHOU5, Wei TIAN6, Wu LIU7, Yaning WANG8
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 3 Gravitation and Earth Tide, National Observation and Research Station, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 4 Center for Gravitational Experiments, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 5 Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430077, China
  • 6 717 Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Wuhan 430200, China
  • 7 CAS Cold Atom Technology (Wuhan) Corporation Limited, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 8 Changsha Quantum Measurement Industry Technology Research Institute Corporation Limited, Changsha 410006, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.05.173
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基于多台绝对重力仪在华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心山洞内的比对观测, 经过统一数据处理, 获得了高精度的绝对重力比对观测数据。结果表明, 此次比对观测中, 原子干涉型绝对重力仪与激光干涉型绝对重力仪不存在明显的偏差, 均在-4.95~5.31 μGal以内; 各原子干涉型绝对重力仪在连续观测4 h内均可达到1 μGal的观测精度, 仪器间偏差在10 μGal以内, 具有较好的稳定性和一致性。本文首次对多台国产自主研发的绝对重力仪进行了比对观测, 并进行了精细的数据处理、科学评价和多维度的性能评估, 为后续国产重力仪的研发和应用提供了重要参考。

比对观测  /  绝对重力仪  /  激光干涉  /  原子干涉  /  偏差

To further evaluate the technical performance of domestic independently developed absolute gravimeters, this study conducted comparison observations using multiple absolute gravimeters in the cave of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Gravimetry Laboratory. Through unified data processing, high-precision absolute gravity comparison data were obtained. The results demonstrate that no significant deviation exists between atomic interferometry absolute gravimeters and laser interferometry absolute gravimeters in this comparison, with deviations all within -4.95 μGal to 5.31 μGal. Each atomic interferometry absolute gravimeter achieved an observation precision of 1 μGal during continuous 4-hour measurements, with inter-instrument deviations maintained below 10 μGal, demonstrating excellent stability and consistency. This study marks the first comparison measurements conducted on multiple domestically developed absolute gravimeters featuring independent domestic. It involved detailed data processing, scientific evaluation, and a multidimensional performance assessment, providing crucial references for the subsequent development and application of domestic gravimeters.

comparative observation  /  absolute gravimeter  /  laser interferometric  /  atomic interferometric  /  deviation
王嘉沛, 胡敏章, 周敏康, 程源, 邓小兵, 张明辉, 肖驰, 李忠亚, 韦进, 周超, 田蔚, 刘武, 王亚宁. 国产绝对重力仪山洞比对观测. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (3) : 308 -315 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.05.173
Jiapei WANG, Minzhang HU, Minkang ZHOU, Yuan CHENG, Xiaobing DENG, Minghui ZHANG, Chi XIAO, Zhongya LI, Jin WEI, Chao ZHOU, Wei TIAN, Wu LIU, Yaning WANG. Domestic Absolute Gravimeter Cave Comparison Observation[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (3) : 308 -315 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.05.173
地表大范围、高精度的重力观测包含了丰富的地壳形变和物质密度信息,可大尺度精确分析和研究地球内部结构及其动力学过程,对探讨和认识地球内部物质运动及其动力学过程等地学领域研究的核心问题具有重要意义[1-2]。目前高精度的地表重力观测以经典的激光干涉型绝对重力仪为主,该仪器是地球上开展绝对重力观测的主要手段之一,在地球动力学和地震监测等方面取得了丰富的研究成果[3-4],但受限于激光干涉型绝对重力仪的基本原理,长时间的机械损耗不利于保持高精度的绝对重力观测[5]。国家重大基础设施——中国大陆构造环境监测网络(简称陆态网络)定期组织开展绝对重力仪比对观测,可对国内各个仪器之间的稳定性和一致性进行评价[6-7]。但目前主流的激光干涉型绝对重力仪FG5和A10为同一公司生产,难以通过单一类型仪器的比对观测获得重力基准点的“真值”。
随着新理论和新技术的快速发展,国内外自主研发的原子干涉型绝对重力仪逐渐成熟并商品化,其长期稳定性可优于1 μGal(1 μGal=1×10-8 m/s2)[8-9],在超导重力仪标定和野外流动测试等方面,均与现有成熟的激光干涉型绝对重力仪在精度和准确度上水平相当[10-11],在车载、船载和航空等各种静态和动态环境下,也表现出出色的测量水平[12-15]。同时,原子干涉型绝对重力仪具有运行成本低、易维护和采样率高等优势,弥补了激光干涉型绝对重力仪的自身缺陷,也丰富了绝对重力观测数据来源[16-17]。
为进一步推进原子干涉型绝对重力仪在地震监测预报和地球动力学等领域的应用与研究,将其与激光干涉型绝对重力仪进行比对观测,是评估原子干涉型绝对重力仪技术性能的重要手段。
本文在国家重大科技基础设施——精密重力测量研究设施支持下,在华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心山洞开展了多类型绝对重力仪比对观测,从多角度评价了各类型仪器在此次比对观测中的测量水平。
本次比对观测的时间范围为2024-09-16—26,场地位于华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心山洞内。该山洞建设有高标准的重力比对场,山洞实验室环境稳定,温度恒定,底部是坚硬的非风化基岩,与外界干扰源隔离,附近地区也不会产生较大的质量迁移。山洞比对场由1个基准引点和11个绝对重力比对点构成,每个比对点位面积2 m×2 m,比对场占地约140 m2。基准引点利用高精度绝对重力仪进行定期标定,并在其附近安装1台超导重力仪连续观测,使其具有常年引点的能力,比对场同时配备环境监测系统,包括温湿度、气压、振动及地下水监测系统。该比对场温度恒定,波动<1 ℃,地面背景振动噪声小,十分适合开展重力仪器的各种测试和观测[18]。
参加本次山洞比对观测的单位包括湖北省地震局(中国地震局地震研究所)、华中科技大学、中国船舶集团有限公司第七一七研究所、中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院、中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司、长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司等6家机构,共7台仪器,包括1台国外进口的激光干涉型、1台自主研发的激光干涉型和5台自主研发的原子干涉型。具体仪器型号、类型及山洞布设见表 1和图 1。
FG5/5X型绝对重力仪采用物体自由落体运动测量原理,让质量块在一个真空的空间里自由下落,通过激光干涉仪产生的光学条纹和激光波长信息记录落体下落的距离,利用铷原子钟记录落体下落所需时间,然后利用自由落体运动公式求解重力加速度,其精度可达到1~2 μGal[19]。
华中科技大学研制的基准型量子重力仪(型号AG-ref)主要应用于实验室及台站长期连续绝对重力观测,其系统误差评估精度高,适合高精度的重力比对与基准点校准,测量精度达到微伽水平;小型化量子重力仪(型号RAI-g)主要用于台站定点标定、长期连续测量,能够为相关的行业部门、重力测量机构提供比对及测量服务,其在安静环境下重力测量灵敏度可达15 μGal/$\mathrm{Hz}^{1 / 2} $,普通实验室测量灵敏度为40 μGal/$\mathrm{Hz}^{1 / 2} $左右,测量准确度为微伽水平,长期稳定性好于±5 μGal[20]。
中国船舶集团有限公司第七一七研究所研制的ColdAG-10型量子绝对重力仪采用了本单位自主开发的量子传感器和电控系统,集成度高,操作简单,国产化率达到85%以上。并通过了高低温、车辆运输、防水防尘等试验检验,具有极佳的环境适应性和可靠的质量,是一款适用于野外环境的高精度绝对重力仪,可应用于野外重力点建设及精化、资源勘探、水文地质等场景。
小型绝对重力仪IGG-03B是中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院研制的最新一代高精度、高准确度、可搬运的测量重力加速度的仪器[21]。利用Mach-Zender型激光干涉仪测量真空中自由下落的角锥棱镜的运动状态,落体每下落1/2激光波长即可产生一个干涉条纹,通过这些干涉条纹即可拟合得到重力g值。该仪器适应复杂的野外温湿度环境,通过基于电容位移传感的两级弹簧主动隔振系统克服地面振动噪声实现高精度观测,充分实现小型化,便于搬运和运输,仪器自动化程度极高,操作几下按键即可实现高精度的绝对重力观测。
WAG-H5-2型原子绝对重力仪是一种利用激光来操控超高真空腔中自由下落的原子进行干涉,并从干涉条纹中提取出绝对重力加速度信息的新型量子重力传感器[21]。该原子绝对重力仪的测量灵敏度可高达8 μGal/$\mathrm{Hz}^{1 / 2} $,长期稳定度优于1 μGal,十分适用于台站式高精度重力监测、地球物理及重力基准与计量等应用[22]。
QS-AG10s台站式量子绝对重力仪是在国防科技大学量子精密测量相关成果转化基础上,由长沙量子测量产业技术研究院牵头研制的国产化自主可控的高精度绝对重力测量仪器。该仪器具备高性能、高集成度、高智能化、高可靠性、便携易搬运等特点,能够实现激光自动稳频、一键参数标定、一键重力测量等功能,极大地降低了量子绝对重力仪的操作难度,可实现快速高效的绝对重力测量[23]。
本次国产绝对重力比对观测在华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心山洞内进行,采用了以下观测方案来评估国产绝对重力仪的性能。各绝对重力仪在比测场地内随机选取一个比测点位,并进行不少于24 h连续观测。对于各绝对重力仪实测的绝对重力值,要求进行统一的潮汐、大气压、极移、仪器高、科里奥利力、倾斜等相关地球物理改正,以获得各比测点位上的绝对重力值。利用相对重力联测获得各比测点位的重力段差,将各绝对重力仪的观测值统一到FG5绝对重力仪所观测的点位上。最后经过上述各种处理后,结合各仪器的测量不确定度,多角度评价各仪器性能。
为获得比对观测点位的重力垂直梯度和重力段差,在进行绝对重力比对观测前需要进行相对重力测量。本次用于重力垂直梯度和相对重力联测的4台相对重力仪CG-6(90、91、92、93)在测前均进行了格值标定和仪器的线性零漂测试。结果表明,零漂率呈非常好的线性。
利用4台CG-6相对重力仪按照重力测量规范,在每个比对观测点位采用以下方案进行观测。
方案1:使用2台CG-6相对重力仪,测量地面至130 cm或80 cm之间的重力段差;
方案2:每台仪器按低-高-低或高-低-高进行往返观测,获得彼此独立的往返重力段差结果,且每台仪器达到精度要求的有效独立成果数不少于5个;
方案3:对所有独立观测结果计算重力段差平均值dg,按照式(1)计算中误差mdg,作为重力垂直梯度的精度。
$\begin{equation*}m_{\mathrm{d} g}= \pm \sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\left(\mathrm{~d} g_{i}-\mathrm{d} g\right)^{2}}{n(n-1)}} \end{equation*}$
利用中国地震局LGADJ软件对重力观测数据进行统一平差计算处理[24],6个比测点位上的重力垂直梯度均达到重力测量规范要求,获得5个独立有效的段差结果,具体见表 2。另外,D11点位通过多个高度的重力观测值进行线性拟合[4],最终获得的重力垂直梯度为-2.74 μGal/cm,精度为0.55 μGal。
由于比测点位距离近、观测时间短,采用2台CG-6相对重力仪,按照重力测量规范,对每个比对观测点位间的重力段差采用以下方案进行观测。
方案1:使用2台CG-6相对重力仪进行同址观测;
方案2:采用串式对称观测,即$\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{~B} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \cdots $→C→B→A;
方案3:对所有观测结果计算重力测段段差及精度(中误差),精度不得大于±20 μGal。
利用中国地震局LGADJ软件对重力观测数据进行统一平差计算处理,共获得6个测段段差,均达到相关重力测量规范要求,具体结果和精度见表 3。
为监测和排除比对观测期间环境所引起的重力变化,将所有绝对重力观测值统一到比测的起始时间,在本次绝对重力比对观测期间,利用华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心山洞内的一台超导重力仪SGC039进行连续观测。该超导重力观测的数据经过格值(-91.49 μGal/V)、潮汐、极移和大气压(大气压重力导纳值选用-0.3 μGal/hPa)改正后,获得了2024-09-16—10-14的重力变化值(重力残差值),结果见图 2。在1个月的时间范围内,该点位的重力变化范围在-1.62~1.56 μGal之间,表现出稳定的背景环境。
各参与机构依据本次比对观测的方案按时完成了观测任务,并经过数据预处理后提交了各仪器的观测结果,见表 4。
各类型绝对重力仪在有效高度处的绝对重力观测值,经重力梯度改正后(根据各仪器的有效高度,选用130 cm或80 cm高度的重力垂直梯度值),得到各比对观测点位地面处绝对重力值。各类型仪器的观测精度σ按照式(2)进行计算。
$\begin{equation*}\sigma= \pm \sqrt{\frac{1}{N(N-1)} \sum\limits_{j=1}^{N}\left(g_{j}-g\right)^{2}} \end{equation*}$
式中,g为总的平均重力值;gj为第j次的重力值。
此次参加山洞比对观测的绝对重力仪FG5X-259于2024-03底在武汉参加了陆态网络组织的集中比对观测。结果显示,该仪器观测精度在标称精度范围内,且不存在明显的系统偏差,运行状态正常[25]。因此,采用FG5X-259在D1点位上的观测值作为基准,将其他仪器的观测值转化到同一点位D1上进行对比分析。
根据相对重力联测获得的各比对观测点位之间的重力差,获得各仪器在D1号点位上的绝对重力值,并与FG5X-259在D1号点位上的观测值作差,获得了各仪器与FG5X-259的偏差值。
$\begin{equation*}\Delta g_{i}=g_{i j}+\Delta g_{j}-g_{\text {FGSX-259 }} \end{equation*}$
式中,Δgi为仪器i与FG5X-259的偏差值;gij为仪器i在所在点位j上的观测值;Δgj为仪器所在点位j与D1号点位的重力差;gFG5X-259为FG5X-259在D1号点位上的观测值。
计算结果表明,本次比对观测中,各仪器与FG5X-259之间偏差均在10 μGal以内(表 5),且其分布没有明显趋势性偏离(图 3),可认为各仪器间不存在明显的系统偏差。其中,AG-ref仪器的观测偏差最小,为0.21 μGal,IGG-03B仪器的观测偏差最大,为6.33 μGal。
假设所有参与此次比对观测的仪器是等效的,以所有仪器在D1点位的绝对重力仪值的平均值为基准值,计算各仪器基于此基准值的偏差,结果见图 4。根据所有仪器与基准值的偏差和不确定分布来看,除IGG-03B外,其他仪器的误差棒(以各仪器的不确定度来刻画)都能覆盖到基准值,且偏差一般均小于5 μGal,其中FG5X-259和AG-ref的偏差最小。
最后,将5台原子干涉型绝对重力仪在D1点位观测值的平均值作为参考值,计算各仪器基于此参考值的偏差,结果见图 5。可以看出,原子干涉型仪器之间不存在明显的系统偏差,整体上具有较好的一致性,偏差均小于10 μGal。
原子干涉型绝对重力仪的特点之一是具有连续绝对重力测量的能力,其连续观测数据的稳定性是观测结果质量评价的重要指标。为分析此次山洞比测中各原子干涉型绝对重力仪连续观测数据的质量,在各单位提交数据的基础上按照式(4)计算各仪器观测数据的阿伦偏差(图 6)。利用计算获得的阿伦偏差结果拟合各仪器在此次比测中的灵敏度(按照A/$\sqrt{i} $进行拟合,A的拟合值即为灵敏度)[8, 11](表 6)。
$\begin{gather*}\sigma_{y}^{2}(\tau)=\frac{1}{2} * E\left\{[y(i+1)-y(i)]^{2}\right\} \\\sigma_{y}=\sqrt{\sigma_{y}^{2}(\tau)} \end{gather*}$
式中,E为期望算子;y(i)为在时间i的频率输出;τ为采样时间间隔。
在4 h连续观测时间内,所有仪器均可达到1 μGal的观测精度。结果显示,各原子干涉型绝对重力仪的阿伦偏差值随时间的增加不断减小,说明在此次山洞比测过程中以白噪声为主要噪声类型,不存在显著有色噪声,具有较好的稳定性。
本次山洞比对观测结果显示,在良好的观测环境里,以经典成熟的激光干涉型绝对重力仪FG5X-259的观测结果为基准,各原子干涉型绝对重力仪与基准值水平相当,偏差均在-4.95~5.31 μGal之间。考虑所有仪器为等效的情况下,以各仪器的均值为基准,各原子干涉型绝对重力仪的偏差均在5 μGal以内。以各原子干涉型绝对重力仪观测结果的均值为基准,各仪器之间具有较好的一致性,偏差均在10 μGal以内,可能是其具有同样的测量原理导致的。另外,通过计算获得了各原子干涉型绝对重力仪在此次山洞比对观测中的阿伦偏差分布,可知各仪器在连续观测4 h内均可以达到1 μGal的观测精度,具有较好的稳定性。
国内自主研发的原子干涉型绝对重力仪,历经数十年的发展,已达到相当成熟的水平。与现有成熟的激光干涉型绝对重力仪相比,其在运行成本、日常维护和采样率等方面具有明显优势,不过也存在仪器搬运难、操作繁琐和适应性差等问题,有待改进和提升。本次山洞比对观测仅限于单一环境下、单一点位的短时间测量,未进行交叉验证,可能会带来一定误差。后续将开展大规模、多测点和长时间的比对观测和稳定性测试,进一步扩大仪器的应用场景,为原子干涉型绝对重力仪的升级改造提供数据支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42574074)
  • 国家精密重力测量科学中心开放课题(PGMF-2024-Z001)
  • 中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202326341)
  • 中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202336350)
  • 中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202456377)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB854)
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2026年第46卷第3期
48
20
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.05.173
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
基金
国家自然科学基金(42574074)
国家精密重力测量科学中心开放课题(PGMF-2024-Z001)
中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202326341)
中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202336350)
中国地震局地震研究所和应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务费(IS202456377)
湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB854)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局地震研究所, 武汉, 430071
    2 中国地震局地震大地测量重点实验室, 武汉, 430071
    3 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站, 武汉, 430071
    4 华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心, 武汉, 430074
    5 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院, 武汉, 430077
    6 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一七研究所, 武汉, 430200
    7 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司, 武汉, 430070
    8 长沙量子测量产业技术研究院有限公司, 长沙, 410006

通讯作者:

胡敏章, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事重力场及其变化监测与地震分析预报研究工作, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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