Article(id=1322566994793181453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566927927591451, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743004800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254143664, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254143664, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254143664, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254143664, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566927927591451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='262', pageEnd='391', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254127723, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254127723, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=343, endPage=348, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322566994965147918, articleId=1322566994793181453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Verification and Analysis of the Dashuitou Cross-Fault Site, Haiyuan Fault, Based on InSAR Technology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The observed data show that the BM1-BM3 branch of the Dashuitou cross-fault in the Haiyuan fault zone exhibited a reverse faulting change of 1.52 mm in November 2023, and another sudden reverse faulting jump of 1.71 mm on March 6, 2024. To verify whether this anomaly is related to tectonic movement, we obtain the time series of surface deformation in the Dashuitou cross-fault site by InSAR technology. It analyzes the possible causes of the cross-fault deformation anomaly from the deformation field's spatial distribution and time evolution. The results show that: 1) The coal mining areas around the site have obvious subsidence, and the subsidence rate changes rapidly over time. The cumulative shape variable from January 2023 to June 2024 is about 23 cm, and the significant deformation range is about 1 km2. 2) The benchmark points are significantly affected by mining-induced subsidence, exhibiting varying degrees of settlement over time. The closer they are to the mining area, the greater the subsidence magnitude and the faster the rate. 3) Comparing the results of InSAR and leveling observation, the trend and magnitude of cross-fault deformation in the same period are the same. In summary, the abnormal leveling deformation of the Dashuitou cross-fault site may be caused by the settlement of the mining area.

, authors=Yanhui LIU1, Lingyun JI1, *, Liangyu ZHU1, Chuanjin LIU1, Wenting ZHANG1, authorsList=Yanhui LIU, Lingyun JI, Liangyu ZHU, Chuanjin LIU, Wenting ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lingyun JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322566998689689889, articleId=1322566994793181453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于InSAR技术的海原断裂大水头跨断层场地异常核实与分析, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

观测资料显示,海原断裂带大水头跨断层BM1-BM3支线于2023-11出现1.52 mm的逆断变化,2024-03-06再次出现1.71 mm的逆断突跳变化。为核实此次异常是否与构造运动有关,利用InSAR技术获取大水头跨断层场地区域地表形变的时间序列,从形变场空间展布以及时间演化2个方面,分析跨断层形变异常的可能成因。结果表明:1)场地周围的煤矿开采区沉降明显,且沉降速率随时间变化较快,2023-01—2024-06的累积沉降量最大约23 cm,显著沉降范围最大约1 km2;2)水准点受矿区沉降影响显著,且随时间的推移均有不同程度的沉降,距离矿区越近沉降量级越大,速率越快;3)对比InSAR与水准观测结果,发现同时间段跨断层形变趋势和量级基本一致。综上,大水头跨断层水准形变异常极大可能是矿区沉降导致的。

, authors=刘艳慧1, 季灵运1, *, 朱良玉1, 刘传金1, 张文婷1, authorsList=刘艳慧, 季灵运, 朱良玉, 刘传金, 张文婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=季灵运, authorNote=

刘艳慧, 工程师, 主要从事大地测量资料应用分析, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
季灵运, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事InSAR地壳形变数据处理与应用研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5ZteV+x8AZAPrb09Oj8PQw==, magXml=/WjvrLy9DFwTI3SzPwJLIw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=y2pnWQuBU5PITH7HPvHcHg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wWfjNU6QYYMJbO3rhzZHKg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322566998991679782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566994793181453, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2513178156@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566999062982952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566994793181453, authorId=1322566998991679782, language=EN, stringName=Yanhui LIU, firstName=Yanhui, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 The Second Monitoring and Application Center, CEA, Xi'an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322566999138480425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566994793181453, authorId=1322566998991679782, language=CN, stringName=刘艳慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国地震局第二监测中心, 西安, 710054, bio={"content":"

刘艳慧, 工程师, 主要从事大地测量资料应用分析, E-mail:

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刘艳慧, 工程师, 主要从事大地测量资料应用分析, E-mail:

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紫色编号的十字表示参与计算的影像,红色编号的十字表示未参与计算的影像,紫色直线表示生成的干涉图

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黑色矩形表示深度,灰色圆圈表示体积

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基于InSAR技术的海原断裂大水头跨断层场地异常核实与分析
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刘艳慧 1 , 季灵运 1, * , 朱良玉 1 , 刘传金 1 , 张文婷 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(3): 343-348
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (3) : 343 -348
基于InSAR技术的海原断裂大水头跨断层场地异常核实与分析
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刘艳慧1 , 季灵运1, * , 朱良玉1, 刘传金1, 张文婷1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局第二监测中心, 西安, 710054
通讯作者:
季灵运, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事InSAR地壳形变数据处理与应用研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘艳慧, 工程师, 主要从事大地测量资料应用分析, E-mail:

Verification and Analysis of the Dashuitou Cross-Fault Site, Haiyuan Fault, Based on InSAR Technology
Yanhui LIU1 , Lingyun JI1, * , Liangyu ZHU1, Chuanjin LIU1, Wenting ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 The Second Monitoring and Application Center, CEA, Xi'an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.102
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观测资料显示,海原断裂带大水头跨断层BM1-BM3支线于2023-11出现1.52 mm的逆断变化,2024-03-06再次出现1.71 mm的逆断突跳变化。为核实此次异常是否与构造运动有关,利用InSAR技术获取大水头跨断层场地区域地表形变的时间序列,从形变场空间展布以及时间演化2个方面,分析跨断层形变异常的可能成因。结果表明:1)场地周围的煤矿开采区沉降明显,且沉降速率随时间变化较快,2023-01—2024-06的累积沉降量最大约23 cm,显著沉降范围最大约1 km2;2)水准点受矿区沉降影响显著,且随时间的推移均有不同程度的沉降,距离矿区越近沉降量级越大,速率越快;3)对比InSAR与水准观测结果,发现同时间段跨断层形变趋势和量级基本一致。综上,大水头跨断层水准形变异常极大可能是矿区沉降导致的。

海原断裂  /  大水头  /  跨断层场地  /  InSAR  /  异常核实

The observed data show that the BM1-BM3 branch of the Dashuitou cross-fault in the Haiyuan fault zone exhibited a reverse faulting change of 1.52 mm in November 2023, and another sudden reverse faulting jump of 1.71 mm on March 6, 2024. To verify whether this anomaly is related to tectonic movement, we obtain the time series of surface deformation in the Dashuitou cross-fault site by InSAR technology. It analyzes the possible causes of the cross-fault deformation anomaly from the deformation field's spatial distribution and time evolution. The results show that: 1) The coal mining areas around the site have obvious subsidence, and the subsidence rate changes rapidly over time. The cumulative shape variable from January 2023 to June 2024 is about 23 cm, and the significant deformation range is about 1 km2. 2) The benchmark points are significantly affected by mining-induced subsidence, exhibiting varying degrees of settlement over time. The closer they are to the mining area, the greater the subsidence magnitude and the faster the rate. 3) Comparing the results of InSAR and leveling observation, the trend and magnitude of cross-fault deformation in the same period are the same. In summary, the abnormal leveling deformation of the Dashuitou cross-fault site may be caused by the settlement of the mining area.

Haiyuan fault  /  Dashuitou  /  cross-fault site  /  InSAR  /  anomaly confirmation
刘艳慧, 季灵运, 朱良玉, 刘传金, 张文婷. 基于InSAR技术的海原断裂大水头跨断层场地异常核实与分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (3) : 343 -348 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.102
Yanhui LIU, Lingyun JI, Liangyu ZHU, Chuanjin LIU, Wenting ZHANG. Verification and Analysis of the Dashuitou Cross-Fault Site, Haiyuan Fault, Based on InSAR Technology[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (3) : 343 -348 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.102
海原断裂带是青藏高原东北缘的一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,总长约1 000 km,其西北与祁连山相接,东南与六盘山断裂毗邻,前人基于断裂走向变化、阶区发育等特征将海原断裂带自西向东划分为7段,依次为哈拉湖段、冷龙岭段、金强河段、毛毛山段、老虎山段、海原段(狭义)以及六盘山段[1-3](图 1)。作为祁连山、阿拉善、兰州、鄂尔多斯块体的边界活动断裂带[4-6]和青藏高原的内陆扩展前缘,海原断裂带的内部结构复杂,构造活动强烈。在过去一个世纪,海原断裂带发生过2次8级以上的大地震,包括1920年宁夏海原MS8.5大地震和1927年甘肃古浪MS8.0大地震。2023-12-31海原断裂再次发生4.9级地震,此次地震震中距离1920年海原大地震震中仅20 km。为了定期观测断裂活动特征,自20世纪80年代起,中国地震局第二监测中心在青藏块体东北缘布设了50多处短水准场地,主要集中在祁连山-海原-六盘山断裂带及西秦岭构造区等构造活动强烈区域[7-10]。
大水头跨断层水准场地位于海原断裂的西段,最早观测时间可以追溯到1982年,最新观测资料显示,BM1-BM3测段在2018-11—2023-07总体趋势较平稳,2023-11出现1.52 mm的逆断变化,2024-03-06再次出现1.71 mm的逆断突跳变化,累计3.23 mm,超出趋势和差分值2倍均方差,2024-03-09进行异常核实和复测,复测结果与2024-03-06结果相差0.1 mm,逆断加速化明显,为新短期C类异常(图 2)。经实地调查核实,已确认大水头场地靖红Ⅲ测点附近存在冲沟,其显著下沉主要由环境因素所致。经专家研判,冲沟干扰可合理解释未跨断层测段(3-BM3, 3-4)出现的大幅变形。然而,对于跨断层的BM1-BM3测段形变异常,影响因素仍不明。根据已有的研究成果,发现该区域的InSAR形变场中均存在明显的沉降区域[11-13],经野外实地调查认为是由当地煤矿开采引起的,但并未有学者对沉降区域进行深入讨论。跨断层的BM1-BM3测段形变异常是否与此有关,需要进一步核实与分析。
由于构造变形与非构造变形在空间分布和时间演化方面具有较大差异,其中构造变形范围大、量级低且速率较为平稳,而局部非构造变形范围往往较小、形变量级更大且速率随时间变化明显。因此,可以从这2个方面对不同来源的变形加以区分。传统测量的站点分布稀疏,无法获取区域形变的空间分布并揭示其形变规律[14],难以判断变形是否与构造运动有关。高时空分辨率、高精度、高效率、低成本的InSAR观测技术可以弥补传统水准测量的不足,在地面监测方面显示出巨大的优势[15]。近年来,时序InSAR技术已在滇西南、新疆克拉玛依、冕宁、临汾-运城盆地及石嘴山等多区域成功应用于地表形变异常核实,有效区分了油气注水、温泉抽水、人类活动等非构造成因的形变并确认了该技术的可靠性[16-20]。前人的研究成果为利用时序InSAR进行形变异常核实提供了成熟的技术和思路,但研究多受限于早期卫星数据的时空分辨率不足,缺乏观测数据的对比验证与非构造因素的定量评估。
因此,本文基于高时空分辨率的Sentinel-1A/B时间序列数据,利用InSAR技术获取大水头跨断层场地2023-01—2024-06的时间序列形变场,确定形变场的空间展布形态,分析其时空演化特征,综合判断大水头跨断层水准形变异常的成因,并通过Mogi模型[21]反演定量评估矿区开采对形变的具体影响。
为获取大水头跨断层场地的时间序列形变场,收集2023-01—2024-06的27景Sentinel-1数据,轨道号为55(升轨)。使用GAMMA软件[22]进行InSAR数据处理,由于Sentinel-1影像采用TOPS成像模式,其对方位向配准精度要求非常高(1‰像元),因此采用增强频谱分集方法来保证配准精度[23],同时引入欧空局发布的30 m空间分辨率的Copernicus DEM作为外部地形信息以提高配准精度。多视因子设置为8 ∶ 2的多视比,并采用Goldstein滤波[24]进行进一步处理。基于最小费用流算法进行相位解缠[25],并选取断层附近的像素点为参考,相干阈值设为0。对于大气相位延迟引起的误差,使用GACOS在线气象模型进行估计,并从干涉图中去除[26]。对于残留的大气湍流层延迟,根据其空间相关、时间不相关的时空域特性,采用时间域高通滤波和空间域低通滤波进行估计并削弱。另外,为了抑制DEM误差以及尽可能获得数据中的形变信号,限定垂直基线小于150 m,时间间隔小于120 d(图 3)。最后,基于SBAS-InSAR技术[27]获取研究区域时间累积形变图(图 4)。
图 4为InSAR数据处理得到的大水头场地2023-01—2024-06的累积形变场。结果显示,形变场局部存在多个较为严重的沉降区域。通过查询资料,发现这些区域存在煤矿开采活动。叠加形变场后发现,明显沉降区域与煤矿区基本吻合,矿区沉降量级大、范围广,且随时间的沉降速度快,1.5 a累积形变量最大约23 cm,明显形变范围最大约1 km2,大水头跨断层场地水准点已经被矿区沉降范围覆盖,明显受到矿区沉降形变的影响。
为定量分析沉降区域随时间变化的情况,选取6个沉降明显的特征点(以特征点为中心取半径0.1 km内的平均值),同时选取4个背景点(A、B、C、D)来进一步消除趋势误差,先将4个背景点的形变值取平均,然后将6个特征点的值减去背景点的平均值,最后得到6个特征点的时间序列(图 5)。可以看出,矿区在整个时间段都在沉降,P1、P3和P4点沉降速率基本不变,且一直较大;P2点在2023-01—09沉降速率较大,2023-09之后沉降速率趋于平缓;P5点在2023-01—05沉降速率最大,2023-05之后沉降速率有所减缓;P6点在2023-01—09沉降量平稳变化,2023-09之后沉降速率开始变大。表明不同矿区的沉降随时间演化过程存在一定的差异,这可能与矿区的开采进度有关。
同理,提取大水头跨断层场地的6个水准点的时间序列(图 6),受矿区沉降的影响,水准点随时间均有不同程度的沉降,距离矿区越近,沉降量级越大、速率越快。其中受影响最严重的是靖红Ⅲ和靖红Ⅳ,形变速率最快,沉降量最大分别约5.9 cm和5.6 cm;其次是靖红Ⅱ,沉降速率相对于靖红Ⅲ和靖红Ⅳ明显较慢,沉降量最大约2.1 cm;受影响较小的分别是BM3、BM2和BM1,沉降量最大分别约1.9 cm、1.7 cm和1.5 cm。
为进一步分析,将利用InSAR获得的BM1-BM3支线、靖红Ⅲ-BM3支线、靖红Ⅲ-靖红Ⅳ支线的3条沉降时间序列曲线与大水头场地实测水准观测曲线进行对比(图 7)。如图 7所示,相同时间段内各支线的水准与InSAR观测形变量如下:BM1-BM3支线分别约为3.97 mm和3.2 mm;靖红Ⅲ-BM3支线分别约为48.0 mm和40.5 mm;靖红Ⅲ-靖红Ⅳ支线分别约为6.0 mm和3.9 mm。在同时间段内,InSAR和水准观测变化趋势一致,InSAR形变量级略小于水准观测。由此可以判定大水头跨断层水准场受矿区沉降影响,各水准点都有所沉降,由于各点沉降的量级与速率不同,从而导致水准观测出现形变异常。
为进一步分析P4点所在矿区开采沉陷的发展规律及演化过程,首先,获取该区域的时序累积形变场(见图 8)。可以看出,沉降中心范围逐渐扩大,沉降量逐渐变大,最大累积形变量达-18 cm。沉降量变化基本符合矿区开采规律:开采初期,沉降量与沉降范围较小;开采活跃期,沉降量与沉降范围明显增大。然后,以获取的时间累积形变场为约束,采用Mogi点源模型来模拟矿区形变场。选取2023-01-07—2024-06-18期间的累积沉降量作为静态反演的参考数据,利用Mogi模型进行多次反演,计算模拟结果与观测值的残差,评估模型整体拟合优度,分析模型参数的合理性,不断调整模型参数,利用合理化的模型进行矿区时间序列参数反演,将获得的各时间段内矿区开采深度取平均值,再次反演获取矿区开采体积的参数变化。模型反演的矿区开采深度和体积结果见图 9,可以看出,2023-01—11期间,矿区开采深度随时间不断增加,变化明显,最大约582.9 m;2023-11之后矿区开采深度变化趋于平缓,整个InSAR观测期间深度平均约454.74 m。在整个InSAR数据观测期间,矿区最大开采量约4×105m3。由于缺乏矿区详细的开采资料,目前无法就反演结果与实际情况作更深入的对比及分析。
本文利用InSAR技术对大水头跨断层场地进行形变监测研究,获取了该场地2023-01—2024-06期间的沉降监测结果,并对该场地水准形变异常的成因进行了分析,主要结论如下:
1) 场地周围煤矿开采区存在显著沉降区域,沉降速率随时间变化较快,2023-01—2024-06的累积沉降量最大约23 cm,显著沉降范围最大约1 km2;Mogi模型反演结果显示,InSAR观测期间矿区开采深度和体积不断增加,开采平均深度约454.74 m,开采体积约4×105 m3,表明矿区沉降与开采活动同步。
2) 形变场结果表明,受开采影响的显著沉降区域几乎覆盖跨断层水准场地,受非构造信号的影响,场地各水准点随时间均有不同程度的沉降,距离矿区越近沉降量级越大,速率越快。
3) InSAR与水准观测对比结果表明,同时间段跨断层形变趋势和量级基本一致,说明InSAR结果可靠,能够在异常核实中起到重要作用。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42474013)
  • 中国地震局震情跟踪课题(CEA-ZQGZ-202501069)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.102
  • 接收时间:2025-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27
基金
国家自然科学基金(42474013)
中国地震局震情跟踪课题(CEA-ZQGZ-202501069)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局第二监测中心, 西安, 710054

通讯作者:

季灵运, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事InSAR地壳形变数据处理与应用研究, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.102
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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