Article(id=1322566940967686238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566927927591451, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.097, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742745600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254130831, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254130831, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254130831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254130831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566927927591451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='262', pageEnd='391', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254127723, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254127723, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=335, endPage=342, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322566941143847007, articleId=1322566940967686238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Inversion of the Land Deformation and Groundwater Parameter in the Alto Guadalentín Basin Based on Multi-Temporal InSAR Technology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Multi-temporal InSAR, in combination with ascending and descending Sentinel-1A data, was applied to obtain two-dimensional surface deformation of the Alto Guadalentín basin from January 2020 to December 2022. The time series deformation, which was refined by independent component analysis (ICA), was then integrated with groundwater level data to estimate the aquifer parameters in the study area. The results showed that the main deformation center of the Alto Guadalentín basin was close to Lorca city in the north and the deformation mainly occurred in the vertical direction with the maximum deformation rate of -65 mm/a. Moreover, the Alto Guadalentín basin represented two different spatiotemporal deformation characteristics: long-term linear deformation and seasonal deformation. The skeleton storage coefficient of the aquifer in the study area ranged between 0.66×10-2 and 2.93×10-2, the average annual groundwater storage loss is -3.8×107m3, which was consistent with the previous researches. The research results could provide reference data and information support for groundwater resource management and land subsidence control in the region.

, authors=Yuanyuan LIU1, 2, Haichen YAN1, *, Renjie CHEN1, Bo LIU1, 2, Hua LIU1, 2, authorsList=Yuanyuan LIU, Haichen YAN, Renjie CHEN, Bo LIU, Hua LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haichen YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322566945224904820, articleId=1322566940967686238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于时序InSAR技术的Alto Guadalentín盆地地表形变监测与地下水参数反演, columnId=1322566785874908034, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=特色栏目: 地震大地测量学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用时序InSAR并融合升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取Alto Guadalentín盆地2020-01—2022-12的二维形变信息;结合独立成分分析(ICA)技术精化后的形变时间序列与地下水位数据估算研究区的含水层参数。结果表明,Alto Guadalentín盆地主要形变中心靠近北部的Lorca市,形变主要发生在垂直向,最大形变速率达-65 mm/a;该盆地存在长期线性形变与季节性形变2种不同的时空变形特征;研究区含水层的骨架释水系数介于0.66×10-2~2.93×10-2,年均水储量损失为-3.8×107m3,与已有研究成果较为一致。本文研究结果可为该区域的地下水资源管理和控制地面沉降提供参考数据和信息支持。

, authors=刘媛媛1, 2, 晏海晨1, *, 陈人杰1, 刘波1, 2, 刘华1, 2, authorsList=刘媛媛, 晏海晨, 陈人杰, 刘波, 刘华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=晏海晨, authorNote=

刘媛媛, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事先进InSAR技术及其综合形变监测与反演研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
晏海晨, 硕士生, 主要从事InSAR地面沉降形变监测与反演研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FR/bNtk2/9SWltFQ9l0mBg==, magXml=6jD0Xw8iwt7hqAoc2E0T0Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xQw7ywE0+11gTT9GwPBGxw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ycp7ajGFluBOmNkAHTbpTA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322566945602392188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566940967686238, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yuanyuanlay@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566945677889663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566940967686238, authorId=1322566945602392188, language=EN, stringName=Yuanyuan LIU, firstName=Yuanyuan, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering (School of Beidou), East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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刘媛媛, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事先进InSAR技术及其综合形变监测与反演研究, E-mail:

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Main parameters of SAR datasets in study area

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项目 升轨 降轨
轨道号 8 103
入射角/(°) 35.1 38.4
方位角/(°) -13.3 -166.7
波段 C C
波长/cm 5.6 5.6
影像数量 91 91
影像时间范围 2020-01—2022-12 2020-01—2022-12
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研究区SAR数据集主要参数

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项目 升轨 降轨
轨道号 8 103
入射角/(°) 35.1 38.4
方位角/(°) -13.3 -166.7
波段 C C
波长/cm 5.6 5.6
影像数量 91 91
影像时间范围 2020-01—2022-12 2020-01—2022-12
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Skeletal storage coefficients at monitoring points

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测站 压实度/mm 水位变化/m 骨架释水系数/10-2
PA12272 -47.2 2.56 -
PA12203 -36.0 -5.44 0.66
PA12212 -144.6 -4.94 2.93
PA12213 4.8 0.47 1.02
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监测点处骨架释水系数

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测站 压实度/mm 水位变化/m 骨架释水系数/10-2
PA12272 -47.2 2.56 -
PA12203 -36.0 -5.44 0.66
PA12212 -144.6 -4.94 2.93
PA12213 4.8 0.47 1.02
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Change in groundwater storage in the Alto Guadalentín basin

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时间段 GWS/m3
2020-01—2020-12 -4.20×107
2021-01—2021-12 -3.64×107
2022-01—2022-12 -3.57×107
2020-01—2022-12 -11.41×107
年平均变化率 -3.80×107
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Alto Guadalentín盆地GWS变化量

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时间段 GWS/m3
2020-01—2020-12 -4.20×107
2021-01—2021-12 -3.64×107
2022-01—2022-12 -3.57×107
2020-01—2022-12 -11.41×107
年平均变化率 -3.80×107
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基于时序InSAR技术的Alto Guadalentín盆地地表形变监测与地下水参数反演
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刘媛媛 1, 2 , 晏海晨 1, * , 陈人杰 1 , 刘波 1, 2 , 刘华 1, 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026,46(3): 335-342
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大地测量与地球动力学 |特色栏目: 地震大地测量学 2026 , 46 (3) : 335 -342
基于时序InSAR技术的Alto Guadalentín盆地地表形变监测与地下水参数反演
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刘媛媛1, 2 , 晏海晨1, * , 陈人杰1, 刘波1, 2, 刘华1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院(北斗学院), 南昌, 330013
  • 2 东华理工大学自然资源部环鄱阳湖区域矿山环境监测与治理重点实验室, 南昌, 330013
通讯作者:
晏海晨, 硕士生, 主要从事InSAR地面沉降形变监测与反演研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘媛媛, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事先进InSAR技术及其综合形变监测与反演研究, E-mail:

Inversion of the Land Deformation and Groundwater Parameter in the Alto Guadalentín Basin Based on Multi-Temporal InSAR Technology
Yuanyuan LIU1, 2 , Haichen YAN1, * , Renjie CHEN1, Bo LIU1, 2, Hua LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering (School of Beidou), East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, MNR, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.097
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采用时序InSAR并融合升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取Alto Guadalentín盆地2020-01—2022-12的二维形变信息;结合独立成分分析(ICA)技术精化后的形变时间序列与地下水位数据估算研究区的含水层参数。结果表明,Alto Guadalentín盆地主要形变中心靠近北部的Lorca市,形变主要发生在垂直向,最大形变速率达-65 mm/a;该盆地存在长期线性形变与季节性形变2种不同的时空变形特征;研究区含水层的骨架释水系数介于0.66×10-2~2.93×10-2,年均水储量损失为-3.8×107m3,与已有研究成果较为一致。本文研究结果可为该区域的地下水资源管理和控制地面沉降提供参考数据和信息支持。

时序InSAR  /  升降轨融合  /  地下水参数  /  独立成分分析(ICA)

Multi-temporal InSAR, in combination with ascending and descending Sentinel-1A data, was applied to obtain two-dimensional surface deformation of the Alto Guadalentín basin from January 2020 to December 2022. The time series deformation, which was refined by independent component analysis (ICA), was then integrated with groundwater level data to estimate the aquifer parameters in the study area. The results showed that the main deformation center of the Alto Guadalentín basin was close to Lorca city in the north and the deformation mainly occurred in the vertical direction with the maximum deformation rate of -65 mm/a. Moreover, the Alto Guadalentín basin represented two different spatiotemporal deformation characteristics: long-term linear deformation and seasonal deformation. The skeleton storage coefficient of the aquifer in the study area ranged between 0.66×10-2 and 2.93×10-2, the average annual groundwater storage loss is -3.8×107m3, which was consistent with the previous researches. The research results could provide reference data and information support for groundwater resource management and land subsidence control in the region.

multi-temporal InSAR  /  fusion of ascending and descending orbits  /  groundwater parameters  /  independent component analysis (ICA)
刘媛媛, 晏海晨, 陈人杰, 刘波, 刘华. 基于时序InSAR技术的Alto Guadalentín盆地地表形变监测与地下水参数反演. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (3) : 335 -342 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.097
Yuanyuan LIU, Haichen YAN, Renjie CHEN, Bo LIU, Hua LIU. Inversion of the Land Deformation and Groundwater Parameter in the Alto Guadalentín Basin Based on Multi-Temporal InSAR Technology[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (3) : 335 -342 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.097
地面沉降是全球性地质灾害,已有150多座城市受其影响,约8%的陆地面临沉降风险,主要因素是地下水过度开采。长期超采地下水破坏含水层结构,导致沉降、水质恶化等问题,中国华北平原、美国Central Valley及伊朗Rafsanjan平原等地均受到显著影响。其中西班牙Alto Guadalentín盆地因长期开采地下水,沉降速率曾超10 cm/a,是欧洲最严重的沉降区域之一[1]。传统水准测量和GNSS监测难以满足大范围地表形变监测需求,D-InSAR技术凭借厘米级精度和大范围覆盖能力,已成为地表形变监测的重要手段[2-3]。时序InSAR数据受噪声影响,降低了监测精度,而独立成分分析(ICA)作为盲源信号分离技术,可有效分离InSAR数据中的噪声,提升形变信息提取精度,已成功应用于InSAR数据处理与形变分析、水文地质中的误差估计和分离等[4-7]。测量与地下水开采相关的地表形变,并理解含水层系统对地下水动态变化的响应机制,是实现地下水资源可持续管理与地面沉降风险控制的关键环节。为此,本文以西班牙Alto Guadalentín盆地为研究区,围绕“如何从InSAR形变数据出发,建立地面沉降与地下水系统响应间的定量联系”这一问题,构建了完整的研究路径。首先,通过常规时序InSAR获取可靠的地表形变时间序列;接着,利用升降轨数据融合解算二维形变,重点提取垂直向形变量;然后,引入ICA方法对垂直向形变序列进行信号分解,剔除噪声信号的干扰,得到更精化的地表形变信息;在此基础上,利用地下水位数据与精化后的垂直向形变数据建立关系,估算骨架释水系数;最后,根据精化后的垂直向形变量估算地下水储量变化。研究成果可为地下水管理与地面沉降防治提供科学依据。
Alto Guadalentín盆地位于西班牙东南部穆尔西亚地区(图 1),为细长的ENE-WSW向山间盆地,面积约为273 km2。该地区属半干旱气候,年累积降雨量约为250 mm,每年有明显的干旱期,山谷洪泛区依赖于底层含水层系统的地下水资源进行集中耕种。盆地的充填物覆盖了第四纪层,主要由黏土层、砂砾石层和夹有粉砂层的冲积物组成,覆盖在第三纪沉积物上,第三纪沉积物主要由泥灰岩、砾岩和砂岩组成。盆地底部由二叠-三叠纪变质岩组成,呈现出地垒和地堑结构,充填层的厚度范围在300~900 m之间。Alto Guadalentín盆地位于Betic山脉东部,Betic山脉是由非洲板块与伊比利亚板块的碰撞作用所形成的高山造山带,2个板块之间持续的聚合作用导致了大量NE-SW向断层,其中Alhama de Murcia断层是该地区最大的断层。从上世纪60年代到80年代,研究区地下水开采量不断增加,导致含水层被过度开采。通过实施塔格斯-塞古拉改道工程,一定程度上缓解了含水层过度开采现象,部分区域的地下水抽取量有所减少,测压水平趋于稳定。然而,盆地的西北和北半部继续抽取地下水,导致1960—2012年地下水位下降超过200 m,地下水抽取量在1988年达历史最大值77.6 hm3/a。虽然近些年测压水平基本保持稳定,但由于应力从孔隙压力逐渐转移到有效应力存在时间延迟,地面沉降现象仍在继续,但最大沉降速率正在逐年减缓,由超过10 cm/a减缓至小于7 cm/a[8-9]。
本文使用的数据包括欧空局提供的2020-01—2022-12 Sentinel-1A影像(表 1)和对应的精密轨道数据及美国地质勘探局(USGS)提供的覆盖研究区范围的30 m分辨率STRM DEM数据。另外,本文还从塞古拉水文测量联合会获取了研究区域同时段4个地下水监测站(图 1)的地下水位数据,用来分析地面沉降与地下水水位变化的相关性。
本文处理流程见图 2。首先,对覆盖研究区的升降轨SAR数据及辅助数据进行预处理,利用ENVI SARscape软件中的PS和SBAS时序处理模块对升降轨SAR数据分别进行处理,以获取LOS向的地表形变结果;然后,基于升降轨SBAS-InSAR形变结果构建二维形变解算方程,并应用Tikhonov正则化消除系数矩阵秩亏问题,采用奇异值分解(SVD)方法获取垂直向和东西向的地表形变信息。为进一步获取精确的形变信息,应用ICA方法对垂直向形变时间序列进行降噪处理。最后,结合地下水位数据估算研究区地下水参数。
本文首先采用2种常规时间序列InSAR技术获取一维LOS向的地表形变信息,主要包括永久散射体干涉测量技术(PS-InSAR)[10]和小基线集干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)[11]。
为解决仅获取LOS向形变可能无法全面揭示研究区形变特征的问题,本文通过对具有重叠时空范围的升降轨SBAS-InSAR数据进行分解,得到东西向和垂直向的形变时间序列,进一步提升形变分析的有效性[12]。融合升降轨SAR数据进行二维形变分解的数学模型为:
$\binom{\hat{\boldsymbol{A}}}{\mu \boldsymbol{L}}\binom{\boldsymbol{V}_{\mathrm{E}}}{\boldsymbol{V}_{\mathrm{U}}}=\binom{\hat{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}}}{\mathbf{0}}$
式中,矩阵$\hat{\boldsymbol{A}}=\left\{\boldsymbol{s}_{\mathrm{E}} \boldsymbol{A}, \boldsymbol{s}_{\mathrm{U}} \boldsymbol{A}\right\}=\{-\boldsymbol{A} \cos \theta \sin \varphi$,$\boldsymbol{A} \cos \varphi\}$,矩阵$\boldsymbol{A}$ 为由连续SAR影像采集的时间间隔组成的系数矩阵,$\theta$ 和$\varphi$分别为方位角和入射角;$\boldsymbol{V}_{\mathrm{E}}$ 和$\boldsymbol{V}_{\mathrm{U}}$为待确定的东西向和垂直向形变速率矩阵;$\hat{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}}$为升降轨InSAR观测值矩阵;$\mu$为正则化参数;$\boldsymbol{L}$ 为正则化矩阵。式(1)中主要应用Tikhonov正则化消除式中秩亏问题,正则化阶数的选择取决于信号特征和研究目标,采用SVD求解每个像素位置的参数$\boldsymbol{V}_{\mathrm{E}}$ 和$\boldsymbol{V}_{\mathrm{U}}$,并通过数值积分将形变速率重构成形变时间序列。
ICA是一种常见的盲源信号分离技术,能够将随机混合信号分解为多线性组合的独立分量[13]。通过ICA方法对InSAR时间序列进行分析,可以揭示混合信号和独立信号源之间的关系。
$\boldsymbol{X}_{n \times m}=\boldsymbol{D}_{n \times l} \boldsymbol{W}_{l \times m}$
式中,n为SAR影像数量;m为每景SAR影像的像素点个数;X为InSAR时间序列矩阵,其维度为n×m;D为混合矩阵,即每个独立信号源的贡献量,每一列代表每个独立成分的时间特征向量;W为分解源矩阵,每行对应一个独立分量,代表每个独立分量的空间得分值;l为独立成分数量。
通过识别剔除噪声分量后,精化后的信号可以表示为:
$\boldsymbol{X}_{n \times m}^{\prime}=\boldsymbol{D}_{n \times o}^{\prime} \boldsymbol{W}_{o \times m}^{\prime}$
式中,X′为精化后的InSAR时间序列矩阵,其维度为n×m;D′为剔除噪声分量后的混合矩阵;W′为剔除噪声分量后的分解源矩阵;o为剔除噪声分量后的独立成分的数量。
释水系数(又称释水率)是当含水层系统单位面积水头下降时,其所排出的水量。释水系数描述了含水层系统对水力变化的响应,对地下水管理至关重要。承压含水层的释水系数可表示为:
$S=S_k+S_{\mathrm{w}}$
式中,S为释水系数;Sk为含水层系统骨架释水系数;Sw为水的释水系数。通常,骨架释水系数远大于水的释水系数,因此Sw可忽略不计。在承压含水层系统中,Sk可利用含水层系统的压缩/膨胀与水头变化之间的关系进行计算[14]:
$S_k=S_{s k} b_0=\frac{\Delta b}{\Delta h}$
式中,Ssk为承压含水系统的比蓄水量;b0为承压含水层原始厚度;Δb为地表形变量,假设其等于承压含水层厚度变化;Δh为水头变化。
深层承压含水层系统水储量的变化可近似看作骨架的压缩或膨胀所造成的地表形变总体积的变化[15]。本文利用基于ICA方法精化后的垂直向地表形变数据来估算承压含水层系统中地下水总损失量的变化(ΔV),计算公式为:
$\Delta V=\Delta b_{\text {total }} \times A$
式中,Δbtotal为含水层总的地表形变;A为含水层面积。
图 3为Alto Guadalentín盆地2020—2022年LOS向年平均形变速率,其中图 3(a)和图 3(b)分别为利用PS-InSAR和SBAS-InSAR获取的升轨LOS向年平均形变速率。实验结果表明,研究区域内存在1个显著的沉降漏斗,周边区域的形变则较为稳定,最大的形变区域靠近盆地北部的Lorca市,形变速率高达-60 mm/a。图 3(c)为利用SBAS-InSAR获取的降轨LOS向年平均形变速率,形变速率为-54 mm/a。Bonì等[8]研究表明,该区域形变结果与可压缩软土的厚度分布情况相一致,研究区最大年形变速率在逐年减缓;Bru等[16-17]研究表明,该地区2015—2021年升轨最大形变速率为-73 mm/a,且升轨获取的形变速率要略大于降轨获取的形变速率,2017—2021年升轨最大形变速率为-69 mm/a,根据形变速率演化趋势,最大形变速率平均每年约减少4 mm,故认为本文的实验结果与现有研究成果得到的形变趋势较为一致。
由于缺少水准测量等外部校验数据,本文仅对2种时序InSAR方法所得结果进行相关性分析(图 3(d)),决定系数R2达到0.88,表明两者结果具有较高的一致性。此外,本文还对4个水位监测点的形变时间序列进行了对比分析(图 4),2种时间序列之间的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为3.69 mm(PA12272)、2.16 mm(PA12203)、3.41 mm(PA12212)和1.65 mm(PA12213)。其中,PA12213点的PS-InSAR监测结果与SBAS-InSAR监测结果存在较大的差异,其原因在于2种时序方法采用的形变模型不同。结果表明,形变量较大的区域与形变较为稳定的区域均具有较好的一致性。
为解决LOS向无法全面反映研究区真实形变信息的问题,本文采用融合升降轨SAR数据的二维形变解算方法获取研究区的二维形变信息。图 5为研究区垂直向形变速率和东西向形变速率,其中垂直向形变速率(图 5(a))的正值表示抬升,负值表示沉降;东西向形变速率(图 5(b))的正值表示向东运动,负值表示向西运动。结果表明,Alto Guadalentín盆地的形变主要发生在垂直向,主要集中在盆地北部的Lorca市附近,形变速率最高可达-65 mm/a;而东西向形变速率幅度远低于垂直向形变速率幅度,范围在-15~15 mm/a之间,实验结果与Bru等[16]的研究成果较为一致。随后,对4个地下水位点的累积形变时间序列进行二维分解,得到对应的垂直向与东西向累积形变时间序列(图 6),PA12272点东西向及垂直向形变速率分别为6.6 mm/a和-15.4 mm/a,PA12203点东西向及垂直向形变速率分别为5.6 mm/a和-12.0 mm/a,PA12212点东西向及垂直向形变速率分别为6.3 mm/a和-49.2 mm/a,PA12213点东西向及垂直向形变速率分别为0.4 mm/a和0.5 mm/a。其中,PA12213点位于形变稳定区域,垂直向和东西向的累积形变在-4~4 mm之间,其余3个水位监测点处的东西向累积形变均不超过20 mm,形变主要发生在垂直向。研究区北部Lorca市附近的PA12212点垂直向累积形变最大,2020—2022年的垂直向累积形变约为-150 mm。
Alto Guadalentín盆地由第四纪沉积物填充,主要由黏土层、砂砾石层和夹有粉砂层的冲积物组成,表明该地区存在丰富的可压缩土壤(图 7(a))[8]。本文对垂直向形变速率与可压缩土壤厚度分布情况的关系(图 7(b))进行分析,可以看出,Alto Guadalentín盆地沉降速率与可压缩土壤厚度的分布具有较强的相关性,最大沉降速率出现在最厚的软土上。在可压缩土壤厚度大于100 m的区域,沉降速率的范围为-65.0~-6.5 mm/a,年平均地面沉降速率为-41.9 mm/a;在可压缩土壤厚度介于50~100 m的区域,沉降速率的范围为-50.3~9.5 mm/a,年平均沉降速率为-20.6 mm/a;在可压缩土壤厚度介于25~50 m的区域,沉降速率的范围为-47.4~8.1 mm/a,年平均沉降速率为-16.2 mm/a;在可压缩土壤厚度介于10~25 m的区域,沉降速率的范围为-39.6~8.6 mm/a,年平均沉降速率为-7.8 mm/a;在可压缩土壤厚度介于0~10 m的区域,沉降速率的范围为-29.1~10.7 mm/a,年平均沉降速率为-2.4 mm/a。
为进一步提高垂直向形变数据的精度,本文采用ICA方法对垂直向形变数据进行降噪处理。基于§3.2所述方法得到180期垂直向形变时间序列,每期影像包含4 278 230个像素点。因此,InSAR时间序列观测矩阵X的总维度为180×4 278 230。在处理过程中,首先对观测矩阵进行中心化和白化处理,其中前3个主成分方差解释占比分别为99.34%、0.21%、0.10%,其余均小于0.10%,可以忽略不计。实验最终保留了3个主要分量,共保留了原始数据99.65%的数据变化特征,并在此基础上进行ICA处理。为直观比较各时间特征分量的大小,通常将对应的时间向量乘以最大绝对值以保持最终时间序列不变,结果见图 8(a)。可以看出,IC1表现出随时间变化呈线性趋势,IC2表现出一定的周期性变化,而IC3则在0附近波动。将对应的空间分量除以最大的绝对值,即将空间范围缩放至[-1,1],结果见图 8(b)~8(d)。为更好地理解这些成分,需要结合每个编号对应的时间和空间特征进行分析。可以看出,IC1代表长期地表形变信号,IC2表现为轻微的季节性形变信号,IC3则反映了残余的相位误差的影响;在整个Alto Guadalentín盆地中,形变模式主要以IC1代表的线性变化为主。
含水层骨架释水系数主要用于表征含水层系统的地下水储存与释放能力。本文采用InSAR地表形变观测数据作为含水层压实度的间接测量数据,并与地下水位变化记录结合,以量化含水层特性以及储存能力。水头变化Δh反映了承压含水层系统中地下水位的变化(图 9(a)),将ICA方法精化后的垂直向InSAR观测形变数据(图 9(b))作为含水层的垂直方向压实度Δb,根据式(5)可计算出含水层系统的骨架释水系数(表 2)。González等[1]研究表明,Alto Guadalentín盆地的骨架释水系数在10-2~10-1范围内,与本文实验结果较为一致。将本文结果与Rigo等[14]的结果进行对比,其中PA12212点和PA12213点的骨架释水系数具有相同的数量级(10-2)。根据Bonì等[8]对该区域20 a的研究可以发现,年平均沉降速率随时间逐渐下降,而本文计算的释水系数数值略高,可能反映了近年来对地下水抽取限制政策的成效。
尽管当地政府已实施相关政策以控制和限制地下水抽取与使用,含水层的非弹性压实效应已导致Alto Guadalentín盆地地下水储量的永久性损失,从而为当前及未来地下水供应带来了潜在风险。根据式(6)可以推测,承压含水层系统中地下水储量的变化大致与地表形变的累积量相当。因此,本文利用Alto Guadalentín盆地垂直向形变数据估算该含水层在2020—2022年地下水储量损失的变化情况(表 3)。分析表明,使用InSAR技术获取的地表形变量近似等于承压含水层的总排水量,为了更直观地展示出地下水储量变化的空间差异,本文采用等效水厚度EWT来表示,图 10为Alto Guadalentín盆地2020—2022年各年度的水储量变化的空间分布,图中正值表示水储量增加,负值则表示水储量损失。
Li[18]研究表明,Alto Guadalentín盆地用于农业目的的地下水开采始于20世纪60年代初,并在70年代中期至80年代初迅速增加,到1987年达到最大开采量8×107m3。1989年以来,当地政府实施了严格的地下水管理政策,以控制地下水的开采量,此后开采量有所回落,并在2010年左右趋于稳定,保持在4×107m3左右,与本文研究结果基本相符。
本文基于时序InSAR技术结合升降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据对Alto Guadalentín盆地2020—2022年间的地表形变进行了详细分析。具体结论如下:
1) 融合升降轨SAR数据的二维形变结果显示, 研究区的垂直向形变占主导地位,沉降中心位于北部Lorca市附近,最大形变速率达-65 mm/a。
2) 在无任何先验信息的条件下,利用ICA方法对InSAR垂直向形变时间序列进行分解,成功提取了3个独立分量。结合空间和时间特征进行分析可知,IC1代表长期线性形变,IC2为轻微周期性形变,IC3则主要为残余相位误差。该分解有效地揭示了研究区地表形变的主要时空特征,通过去除残余误差,从而提高了形变的精度与可靠性。
3) 结合ICA精化后的垂直向InSAR形变数据与地下水水位数据,计算得出研究区含水层的骨架释水系数介于0.66×10-2~2.93×10-2之间。此外,根据垂直向InSAR形变结果估算出研究区2020—2022年地下水储量损失,与已有研究成果相吻合。尽管研究区仍在发生沉降,但沉降速率较之前有所减缓,地下水位下降趋势也有所减缓,表明该地区的地下水管理措施取得了一定成效。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42104030)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42161064)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20202BABL212016)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20232ACB204032)
  • 东华理工大学博士科研启动基金(DHBK2018004)
  • 赣鄱俊才支持计划-主要学科学术和技术带头人培养项目(20243BCE51111)
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2026年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.097
  • 接收时间:2025-03-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(42104030)
国家自然科学基金(42161064)
江西省自然科学基金(20202BABL212016)
江西省自然科学基金(20232ACB204032)
东华理工大学博士科研启动基金(DHBK2018004)
赣鄱俊才支持计划-主要学科学术和技术带头人培养项目(20243BCE51111)
作者信息
    1 东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院(北斗学院), 南昌, 330013
    2 东华理工大学自然资源部环鄱阳湖区域矿山环境监测与治理重点实验室, 南昌, 330013

通讯作者:

晏海晨, 硕士生, 主要从事InSAR地面沉降形变监测与反演研究, E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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