Article(id=1322566873451970644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566845215912204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254114735, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254114735, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254114735, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254114735, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566845215912204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='139', pageEnd='261', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254108003, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254108003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=162, endPage=170, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322566873791709269, articleId=1322566873451970644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Characteristics of Gravity Anomalies and Microplate Tectonics in Northeast Asia, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on gravity data, topographic information, and the Crust1.0 global Crustal structure model, this study employs discrete wavelet decomposition, analytical continuation, the Parker-Oldenburg iterative inversion algorithm, and gravity edge detection methods to investigate the characteristics of gravity anomalies and microplate tectonics in northeast Asia. This study divides northeast Asia into 15 microplates and classifies them into three categories including island arc type, cratonic type, and accretionary type. Since the Mesozoic, the tectonic and magmatic activities of the microplates in northeast Asia have been dominated by the subduction of the (Paleo-) Pacific plate, exhibiting significant spatial variations in crustal thickness. The Moho discontinuity is shallower in subduction zones, while it is deeper beneath orogenic belts and cratonic regions. Key tectonic boundaries such as the Mudanjiang suture zone and the Xinlin-Xiguitu suture zone archive the multi-stage amalgamation of microplates in northeast Asia. Both deep-seated geophysical anomalies and surficial magmatic activities collectively unravel the geodynamic linkage between (paleo-) Pacific subduction and the present-day tectonic architecture of northeast Asia.

, authors=Mengxue DAI1, Rongrong XU1, Feiyu ZHAO1, 2, *, Zixi NING1, Runlin WEI1, authorsList=Mengxue DAI, Rongrong XU, Feiyu ZHAO, Zixi NING, Runlin WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feiyu ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322566877059072100, articleId=1322566873451970644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=东北亚重力异常特征及微板块构造, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于重力数据、地形数据及Crust1.0全球地壳结构模型, 结合离散小波分解、解析延拓、Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演算法及重力边缘检测方法, 分析了东北亚的重力异常特征及微板块构造, 将东北亚划分为15个微板块, 并将其分为岛弧型、克拉通型和增生型三大类。中生代以来, 东北亚微板块的构造-岩浆活动主要受到(古)太平洋板块俯冲的控制, 其地壳厚度空间变化差异性显著; 俯冲带处的莫霍面较浅, 造山带与克拉通区域的莫霍面较深。牡丹江缝合带、新林-喜桂图缝合带等关键构造边界记录了东北亚微板块多阶段拼贴的构造过程, 深部地球物理异常与地表岩浆活动共同揭示了(古)太平洋俯冲与东北亚微板块现今构造格局的动力学关联。

, authors=戴梦雪1, 徐荣荣1, 赵斐宇1, 2, *, 宁籽茜1, 韦润霖1, authorsList=戴梦雪, 徐荣荣, 赵斐宇, 宁籽茜, 韦润霖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵斐宇, authorNote=

戴梦雪, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵斐宇, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KmYYLpaMfWNrgBVpjLF9IQ==, magXml=6MgTOjqnR/VxN9Ndae0pXQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ncA8zgFomWgFITs9Z/Hk0A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=k0A+D8/J5XsebLpGGEbTcw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322566877457530988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=daimengxue@ecut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566877537222766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, authorId=1322566877457530988, language=EN, stringName=Mengxue DAI, firstName=Mengxue, middleName=null, lastName=DAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Geophysics and Space Exploration, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322566877595943023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, authorId=1322566877457530988, language=CN, stringName=戴梦雪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 东华理工大学地球物理与空间探测学院, 南昌, 330013, bio={"content":"

戴梦雪, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:

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戴梦雪, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:

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Evolution of Western Pacific Subduction Zones: Constraints from Accretionary Complexes in NE Asian Continental Margin[J]. Geological Review, 2022, 68 (1): 1- 17, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322566887477723339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=143, issue=null, pageStart=249, pageEnd=268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Wang F, Xu Y G, Xu W L, journalName=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wang F , Xu Y G , Xu W L , et al. Early Jurassic Calc-Alkaline Magmatism in Northeast China: Magmatic Response to Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Continent[J]. 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①额尔古纳地块; ②兴安地块; ③松辽地块; ④布列亚地块; ⑤佳木斯地块; ⑥兴凯地块; ⑦巴贾尔地块; ⑧哈巴罗夫斯克地块; ⑨萨马尔卡地块; ⑩狼林地块; ⑪临津江地块; ⑫京畿地块; ⑬岭南地块;中亚造山带(CAOB); 兴蒙造山带(XMOB); 锡霍特-阿林造山带(SAO); 秦岭-大别造山带(QDO); 苏鲁造山带(SO); 牡丹江缝合带(MDS); 蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带(MOS); 新林-喜桂图缝合带(XGS); 贺根山-黑河缝合带(HHS); 索伦缝合带(SS); 郯庐断裂带(TLF); 依兰-伊通断裂带(YYF); 敦化-密山断裂带(DMF); 鸭绿江断裂带(YJF); 燕山-阴山断裂带(YSYSF); 嫩江-松辽断裂带(NJSF); 库页岛-日本海断裂带(SJSF); 中锡霍特-阿林断裂带(CSAF)

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Average estimated source depth corresponding to different wavelet decomposition levels

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阶次平均场源深度/km
11.66
23.3
315.06
432.14
543.9
661.29
), ArticleFig(id=1322566882549416095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同小波细节场对应的平均场源深度估算结果

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阶次平均场源深度/km
11.66
23.3
315.06
432.14
543.9
661.29
), ArticleFig(id=1322566882612330656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Microplate tectonic framework and geophysical characteristics in Northeast Asia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微板块类型微板块微板块边界布格重力异常范围/mGal本文反演的莫霍面深度/kmCrust1.0莫霍面深度/km
岛弧型兴凯地块中锡霍特-阿林断裂带140~16031~3231~34
克拉通型松辽地块南界:索伦克缝合线
东界:牡丹江缝合线
-80~4032~3632~37
佳木斯地块西界:牡丹江缝合线
南界:敦化山断裂
120~14032~3333~36
额尔古纳地块新林-喜桂图缝合带-10~8033~3735~37
华北地块索伦缝合带-80~12034~3928~38
增生型京畿地块沃川带20~18029~3329~33
岭南地块中锡霍特-阿林断裂带南部10~22030~3330~33
狼林地块临津江带-60~20032~3729~35
临津江地块苏鲁造山带90~24032~3428~33
兴安地块贺根山-黑河缝合带-20~6034~3836~38
华南地块秦岭-大别造山带100~15032~3332~34
布列亚地块西界:牡丹江缝合带80~12032~3432~37
巴贾尔地块北界:蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带20~12033~3533~36
哈巴罗夫斯克地块北界:依兰-伊通断裂北部
南界:敦化密山断裂带
30~14032~3432~35
萨马尔卡地块北界:敦化密山断裂带80~13031~3328~35
), ArticleFig(id=1322566882704605345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566873451970644, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

东北亚微板块构造格架及其地球物理特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微板块类型微板块微板块边界布格重力异常范围/mGal本文反演的莫霍面深度/kmCrust1.0莫霍面深度/km
岛弧型兴凯地块中锡霍特-阿林断裂带140~16031~3231~34
克拉通型松辽地块南界:索伦克缝合线
东界:牡丹江缝合线
-80~4032~3632~37
佳木斯地块西界:牡丹江缝合线
南界:敦化山断裂
120~14032~3333~36
额尔古纳地块新林-喜桂图缝合带-10~8033~3735~37
华北地块索伦缝合带-80~12034~3928~38
增生型京畿地块沃川带20~18029~3329~33
岭南地块中锡霍特-阿林断裂带南部10~22030~3330~33
狼林地块临津江带-60~20032~3729~35
临津江地块苏鲁造山带90~24032~3428~33
兴安地块贺根山-黑河缝合带-20~6034~3836~38
华南地块秦岭-大别造山带100~15032~3332~34
布列亚地块西界:牡丹江缝合带80~12032~3432~37
巴贾尔地块北界:蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带20~12033~3533~36
哈巴罗夫斯克地块北界:依兰-伊通断裂北部
南界:敦化密山断裂带
30~14032~3432~35
萨马尔卡地块北界:敦化密山断裂带80~13031~3328~35
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东北亚重力异常特征及微板块构造
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戴梦雪 1 , 徐荣荣 1 , 赵斐宇 1, 2, * , 宁籽茜 1 , 韦润霖 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(2): 162-170
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (2) : 162 -170
东北亚重力异常特征及微板块构造
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戴梦雪1 , 徐荣荣1, 赵斐宇1, 2, * , 宁籽茜1, 韦润霖1
作者信息
  • 1 东华理工大学地球物理与空间探测学院, 南昌, 330013
  • 2 中国地质大学地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室, 武汉, 430074
通讯作者:
赵斐宇, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:
作者简介:

戴梦雪, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:

Characteristics of Gravity Anomalies and Microplate Tectonics in Northeast Asia
Mengxue DAI1 , Rongrong XU1, Feiyu ZHAO1, 2, * , Zixi NING1, Runlin WEI1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geophysics and Space Exploration, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 2 Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.071
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基于重力数据、地形数据及Crust1.0全球地壳结构模型, 结合离散小波分解、解析延拓、Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演算法及重力边缘检测方法, 分析了东北亚的重力异常特征及微板块构造, 将东北亚划分为15个微板块, 并将其分为岛弧型、克拉通型和增生型三大类。中生代以来, 东北亚微板块的构造-岩浆活动主要受到(古)太平洋板块俯冲的控制, 其地壳厚度空间变化差异性显著; 俯冲带处的莫霍面较浅, 造山带与克拉通区域的莫霍面较深。牡丹江缝合带、新林-喜桂图缝合带等关键构造边界记录了东北亚微板块多阶段拼贴的构造过程, 深部地球物理异常与地表岩浆活动共同揭示了(古)太平洋俯冲与东北亚微板块现今构造格局的动力学关联。

东北亚  /  重力异常  /  边缘检测  /  莫霍面  /  微板块构造

Based on gravity data, topographic information, and the Crust1.0 global Crustal structure model, this study employs discrete wavelet decomposition, analytical continuation, the Parker-Oldenburg iterative inversion algorithm, and gravity edge detection methods to investigate the characteristics of gravity anomalies and microplate tectonics in northeast Asia. This study divides northeast Asia into 15 microplates and classifies them into three categories including island arc type, cratonic type, and accretionary type. Since the Mesozoic, the tectonic and magmatic activities of the microplates in northeast Asia have been dominated by the subduction of the (Paleo-) Pacific plate, exhibiting significant spatial variations in crustal thickness. The Moho discontinuity is shallower in subduction zones, while it is deeper beneath orogenic belts and cratonic regions. Key tectonic boundaries such as the Mudanjiang suture zone and the Xinlin-Xiguitu suture zone archive the multi-stage amalgamation of microplates in northeast Asia. Both deep-seated geophysical anomalies and surficial magmatic activities collectively unravel the geodynamic linkage between (paleo-) Pacific subduction and the present-day tectonic architecture of northeast Asia.

northeast Asia  /  gravity anomalies  /  edge detection  /  Moho discontinuity  /  microplate tectonics
戴梦雪, 徐荣荣, 赵斐宇, 宁籽茜, 韦润霖. 东北亚重力异常特征及微板块构造. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (2) : 162 -170 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.071
Mengxue DAI, Rongrong XU, Feiyu ZHAO, Zixi NING, Runlin WEI. Characteristics of Gravity Anomalies and Microplate Tectonics in Northeast Asia[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (2) : 162 -170 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.071
东北亚地处欧亚板块和太平洋板块的交汇部位,由一系列微板(陆)块碰撞拼贴而成,是全球微板块构造最复杂的区域之一[1],该区域不仅是中亚造山带、秦岭-大别造山带、苏鲁造山带、锡霍特-阿林造山带等大型造山带的交汇处,还包括西伯利亚、额尔古纳、兴安、松辽、华北等多个微板(陆)块[1-2]。古生代以来,该区先后经历了古亚洲洋、蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋及(古)太平洋三大构造域的增生与叠加改造,形成了复杂的构造格局,其独特的大地构造位置保存了大量洋-陆相互作用、陆-陆碰撞及陆壳增生的关键地质记录,为探索微板块构造与地球动力学演化规律提供了天然实验室。前人围绕东北亚的微板块构造性质及三大构造域的时空转换关系进行了详细研究[3-5],但受各微板块间多期复杂的相互作用及中生代以来(古)太平洋板块西向俯冲-增生叠加过程的影响,该区微板块构造格架与深部岩石圈结构一直未能得到统一认识,制约了多板块汇聚背景下对该区微板块构造的进一步研究[6-8]。
本文在前人研究基础上,基于东北亚及其邻区的重力资料,首先通过离散小波分解、解析延拓及边缘检测等方法厘清研究区微板块的关键构造边界(包括主要断裂带、缝合带和俯冲带);然后利用Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演方法获取东北亚地区的莫霍面埋深,并探讨研究区各微板块的莫霍面深度变化特征及其影响因素。此外,本文进一步分析了中生代以来(古)太平洋板块俯冲过程与东北亚微板块构造格局之间的内在联系,以期揭示东北亚微板块构造过程的深部动力学机制。
东北亚地区主要包括西伯利亚克拉通、中亚造山带、兴蒙造山带、苏鲁造山带、华北克拉通及环太平洋构造带等主要构造单元,是全球板块交汇和构造格局最复杂的区域之一(图 1)[1, 4]。其中,兴蒙造山带位于西伯利亚与华北克拉通之间,北部与鄂霍茨克缝合带相接,南部与索伦缝合带相邻,其形成源于西伯利亚地块与华北地块北缘的碰撞[2];该区自西向东包括额尔古纳、兴安、松辽、佳木斯及兴凯地块,各地块之间由新林-喜桂图、贺根山-黑河及索伦等缝合带分割[5];侏罗纪-早白垩世期间,布列亚、佳木斯和兴凯等次级地块相继拼贴至欧亚大陆[9];其东部的锡霍特-阿林造山带属于增生型造山带,其形成受(古)太平洋板块俯冲作用的影响。松辽地块处于西伯利亚与华北克拉通之间,狼林、京畿及岭南地块构成了朝鲜半岛的北东向构造带。华北地块和扬子地块之间以秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带为界,该造山带由华南地块与华北地块碰撞形成[10]。
本文研究数据主要包括重力数据、地形数据及Crust1.0全球地壳结构模型。其中,重力数据选取自由空气重力异常和布格重力异常,均源自WGM2012全球重力模型,空间分辨率为2′×2′;地形数据采用通用海洋地球物理测深数据集(GEBCO2024)[11];使用Crust1.0全球地壳结构模型作为地壳结构参考,该模型提供1°×1°分辨率的地壳厚度数据。
本文研究方法主要包括离散小波分解、Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演算法、解析延拓及重力边缘检测等方法。首先,通过对研究区布格重力异常数据进行二维离散小波分解,获取其各阶小波分量,以分离不同频率成分,区分浅层与深层重力异常特征。随后,利用Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演方法计算东北亚地区的莫霍面埋深。Li等[12]指出,在区域重力资料解释中,延拓高度应接近中地壳深度或平均地壳厚度,以突出深部构造异常并减少浅部噪声和边界效应的影响。东北亚的莫霍面埋深大致分布在15~40 km之间[4],为增强中下地壳及莫霍面附近的异常识别能力,本文选取25 km作为延拓深度对布格重力异常数据进行延拓,接着采用垂向导数(VDR)和振幅与斜率归一化标准差法(NSAS)对延拓数据进行边缘检测。
重力异常场可表示为低波数近似场(区域异常)与高波数细节场(局部异常)的叠加。小波多尺度分解[13]公式为:
$\Delta g(x, y)=A_p f(x, y)+\sum\limits_{j=1}^p \sum\limits_{\varepsilon=1}^3 D_j^{\varepsilon} f(x, y)$
式中,Δg为网格点(x, y)处的重力异常;p为分解阶数;Apf(x, y)为第p阶近似场;$D_j^{\varepsilon} f(x, y)$为第j阶细节场。
Parker-Oldenburg迭代反演法[14]以其广泛的适用性成为位场数据反演研究的首选方法,其核心公式为:
$\begin{gathered}F[\sigma(\xi, \mu) \Delta h]=\frac{1}{2 \pi G \mathrm{e}^{-k z_0}} F[\Delta g]- \\\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{(-k)^{n-1}}{n!}\left[\sigma(\xi, \mu) \Delta h^n\right]\end{gathered}$
式中,F[·]为傅里叶变换;σ(ξ, μ)为密度差;Δh为界面起伏;k为波数;z0为参考深度;G为万有引力常数;n为级数项。参考深度z0=30.41 km基于Crust1.0全球地壳结构模型,提取研究区范围内地壳厚度数据并计算平均值得出。第4阶小波细节对应的平均场源深度约为32.14 km,与参考深度接近,故选取第4阶逼近场作为莫霍面反演的输入。密度差选取σ(ξ, μ)=0.65 g/cm3,以获得最小均方根误差,确保反演结果的稳定性和拟合精度。
垂向导数法(VDR)[15]通过计算位场数据的垂直导数,强化了异常的边缘特征,尤其在深部与浅部构造的分界识别上表现出色。其基本公式为:
$\mathrm{VDR}=\frac{\partial T}{\partial z}$
式中,T为重力场;$\frac{\partial T}{\partial z}$为垂向一阶偏导数。
振幅与斜率归一化标准差法(NSAS)[16]通过计算重力或磁异常的梯度,结合标准化处理与信号分离技术,有效突出异常源的边缘特征。其基本公式为:
$\mathrm{NSAS}=\operatorname{atan}\left(\frac{\mathrm{SAS}}{\left|\nabla^2 f\right|+p \cdot \max (\mathrm{SAS})}\right)$
式中,利用了归一化增强分析信号检测器(SAS),f为原始重力异常信号,其二阶垂向导数由二阶水平导数计算;p为非负值,一般在0~0.5之间。
自由空气重力异常是对实际重力观测值进行正常场校正和高度校正而得到的,消除了测点与大地水准面间的高度影响,保留了地形质量与深部密度异常的综合效应。自由空气重力异常主要受地形起伏的控制,通常与地形正相关,山脉对应正异常、海沟对应负异常。在地形起伏不大的区域,自由空气重力异常总体相对平缓。图 2为东北亚的自由空气重力异常分布,可以看出,在西太平洋板块俯冲带和日本海俯冲带附近,自由空气重力异常沿海沟呈现出显著的负值特征。在陆地区域,负异常区主要分布在西伯利亚克拉通、额尔古纳地块、兴安地块及华北克拉通等古老稳定的构造单元,这些微板(地)块地势相对低平,地壳较厚。同时,这些地块周缘的造山带地势较高,主要对应正异常,如西伯利亚克拉通东缘、兴安地块与松辽地块交界和华北克拉通北缘等。松辽盆地西北部呈现出高值正异常特征,苏鲁造山带则为局部高值正异常;锡霍特-阿林造山带表现出沿狭长构造带分布的正异常,与其增生型造山带的构造特征相符;京畿地块、岭南地块异常值变化幅度较大,推测可能与地壳厚度偏薄、断裂作用强烈及浅部构造变化密切相关。
布格重力异常是对实际重力观测值进行正常场校正、高度校正、地形校正和中间层校正后得到的,消除了测点上方地形质量及测点到大地水准面间岩层影响,能够突出深部密度不均一性。东北亚布格重力异常的空间分布表现出显著的区域差异,异常值范围为-120~600 mGal(图 3),其中洋壳盆地(日本海、菲律宾海、太平洋)普遍表现为正异常,而中亚造山带和蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带附近则以负异常为主。具体而言,布列亚地块异常值的变化范围为80~120 mGal,显示中等正异常;佳木斯地块岩石密度略高,异常范围为120~140 mGal;兴凯地块异常范围为140~160 mGal,可能指示新生代陆壳减薄及地幔上涌;松辽地块异常值的变化范围为-80~40 mGal,与其沉积盆地及厚陆壳背景相关;兴安和额尔古纳地块异常值变化较小,反映其构造拼贴的过渡性;巴贾尔和哈巴罗夫斯克地块的重力异常显示出典型的造山带特征;狼林地块异常值的变化范围为-60~200 mGal,反映出其地壳增厚特征;京畿地块(90~130 mGal)、岭南地块(120~160 mGal)和临津江地块(100~140 mGal)表现出明显的正布格重力异常。该区域处于华北克拉通与朝鲜微陆块拼贴带附近,邻近多条深大断裂,构造活动频繁,可能导致局部地壳减薄,从而引起布格重力异常值升高。
本文采用db4小波基函数对东北亚的布格重力异常数据进行了1~8阶小波多尺度分解。Spector等[17]指出,小波阶次与异常地质体的深度呈对数关系,可用于区分不同深度的地质结构。依据该模型,1~3阶小波主要反映浅部构造,4~6阶可指示中地壳及莫霍面附近的结构,而高于6阶的异常小波信噪比低,易受边界效应干扰,因此未纳入本文解释范围。本文基于每阶细节场的径向功率谱分析,结合谱斜率与场源深度之间的关系[17],通过线性回归估算了1~6阶细节场的平均场源深度,结果见表 1。
1阶小波细节场主要反映近地表低密度物质分布(图 4(a)),对应的平均场源深度约为1.66 km。2~6阶小波细节场(图 4(b)~4(f))反映深部地壳结构特征,缝合带两侧异常对比明显,断裂带错断特征突出,俯冲带呈块状强梯度分布。其中,2阶小波细节场反映上地壳密度的横向变化(场源深度约为3.3 km,图 4(b)),3阶小波细节场反映中尺度下地壳岩石密度的非均匀性(场源深度约为15.06 km,图 4(c)),4阶小波细节场的平均场源深度约为32.14 km,反映了更复杂的深部结构特征(图 4(d))。布列亚地块NE向强振幅的变化与其边界走滑断裂一致;佳木斯地块的异常整体呈旋涡状分布,指示该地块存在构造旋转;兴凯地块北部的异常与佳木斯地块相似,南部受陆壳减薄及日本海扩张的影响,异常分布杂乱;布列亚-佳木斯-兴凯地块东缘的巴贾尔、哈巴罗夫斯克地块呈弧形弱异常;锡霍特-阿林造山带可分为南、中、北3个异常区,反映出典型的陆缘增生特征。5阶小波细节场对应的场源深度约为43.9 km,处于地壳中下部,该深度处的异常圈闭特征明显,浅部场源信息逐渐减弱,主要保留深部、大尺度异常体的信息,集中分布在松辽盆地、兴凯地块东缘及日本海附近(图 4(e))。6阶小波细节场(场源深度约为61.29 km,图 4(f))整体形态较5阶小波细节场更加平滑,该深度处的异常圈闭进一步扩大,异常体主要分布在日本海及其北部延伸的俯冲带区域。
东北亚低阶布格异常小波逼近场变化较小,其异常圈闭的位置、数量和范围得以继承(图 5(a)~5(d))。随着小波阶次的增加,异常幅值逐渐衰减,圈闭等值线趋于平滑,地形影响减弱,5~6阶小波逼近场揭示了深部场源不均匀性及区域异常变化趋势(图 5(e)~5(f))。具体而言,1~3阶小波逼近场仍受浅部地形和断陷构造的控制,异常高值主要分布于大陆边缘及盆地一带,主要反映上地壳密度结构的区域差异与浅层构造单元的背景场特征;而4~6阶小波逼近场则更能反映中-下地壳乃至莫霍面附近的深部结构特征,异常圈闭形态逐渐趋于简化,整体呈现出EW向带状格局,揭示了深部构造体系的走向和分区特征。特别是6阶小波逼近场更加平滑,高、低异常的边界逐渐模糊,反映出深部场源的重力异常变化趋势及区域背景特征的整体分布(图 5(f))。其中,高值区集中在西太平洋、日本海沟、菲律宾海沟及鄂霍茨克海一带,可能与俯冲带地幔物质上涌相关。而低值区覆盖中亚造山带东部、西伯利亚克拉通及黄海的部分区域,反映了深地壳与地幔结构的稳定性。
本文基于重力异常数据选择垂向导数法(VDR)和振幅与斜率归一化标准差法(NSAS),对东北亚区域的微板块边界进行识别。为抑制浅部干扰、增强中下地壳及莫霍面附近异常的识别能力,本文选取25 km作为延拓高度对原始布格重力异常数据进行向上延拓。VDR结果(图 6(a))清晰地揭示了欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块及鄂霍次克海板块的分块特征,俯冲带边界尤为明显。中亚造山带内部断裂、蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带及郯庐断裂的线性延展特征明显。依兰-伊通断裂分隔了布列亚地块和佳木斯地块,新林-喜桂图缝合带则位于额尔古纳地块与兴安地块之间,锡霍特-阿林造山带的中锡霍特-阿林断裂带边界明显。NSAS结果(图 6(b))与VDR的一致性较高,但在部分断裂带、缝合带及俯冲带边缘特征的识别方面表现更优。总体而言,VDR适用于深部构造边界的识别,而NSAS则更擅长揭示复杂构造边界。
为验证本文反演结果的可靠性,图 7给出由Crust1.0模型提供的莫霍面深度分布和本文反演结果。可以看出,本文反演的东北亚莫霍面深度能够较好地反映区域构造特征。整体而言,东北亚的莫霍面埋深范围为15~39 km,呈现出显著的区域差异。日本海沟是太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的边界,该区域的莫霍面埋深为20~28 km,具有典型的洋壳结构;地壳拉张作用使其岩石圈明显减薄,并可能伴随地幔物质上涌和地震活动增加。受板块俯冲的影响,西太平洋俯冲带处的莫霍面埋深约15 km,菲律宾海海沟处的莫霍面埋深为19~26 km;东海、黄海和渤海区域的莫霍面埋深为29~32 km,且向东南方向逐步抬升。莫霍面埋深在造山带和克拉通区域通常较大。大兴安岭地区的莫霍面埋深表现为梯度带,范围为34~36 km;中亚造山带东部和西伯利亚地块的莫霍面埋深超过35 km,表现为典型的大陆地壳特征;华北克拉通东部在索伦缝合带和燕山-阴山断裂带以南区域呈现出明显的似环状裂谷盆地特征,地壳厚度在29~35 km之间波动。西伯利亚地块、额尔古纳地块、兴安地块、松辽地块和华北地块等区域莫霍面埋深较大,反映出这些区域具有较厚且稳定的岩石圈。
Wang等[4]依据重磁异常特征,在东北亚大陆边缘识别出27个微板块,其中22个与古太平洋板块俯冲增生作用相关;Jiang等[18]通过对重力异常资料进行小波分解将中国东北(东北亚西部)划分为额尔古纳、兴安、松嫩和佳木斯4个微地块。本文在综合前人研究的基础上,结合深部地球物理异常特征分析,将东北亚划分为15个微板(陆)块,同时依据构造背景与地质演化特征,将其归类为岛弧型、克拉通型和增生型三大类(表 2,图 1)。据Maruyama等[19]对白垩纪岛弧演化的研究,洋壳俯冲引发的岩浆活动能够形成具有岛弧特征的花岗岩及火山弧碎屑沉积。本文据此将位于活动陆缘、受俯冲作用控制的地块划分为岛弧型微板块。Jiang等[18]指出,松辽、额尔古纳、佳木斯地块多发育前寒武纪结晶基底,构造相对稳定,具有典型的克拉通特征。本文据此将具有古老基底、构造稳定的陆内地块划分为克拉通型微板块。Chen等[5]分析,东北亚多个构造带发育有蛇绿岩、岛弧岩系等多种地质体,形成于俯冲带前缘的增生楔。本文将经历多期俯冲增生过程的边缘地块划分为增生型微板块。
牡丹江洋在侏罗纪时期的闭合与松辽地块及佳木斯地块的碰撞密切相关。牡丹江缝合带的布格重力异常小于110 mGal,莫霍面埋深约为31 km,表明该地区具有较低的地壳密度与相对较厚的地壳。早石炭世至早二叠世(253~293 Ma),牡丹江洋盆经历了扩张阶段,形成具有洋中脊、洋内弧特征的洋壳,并伴随洋岛和深海沉积[20-21]。早二叠世至早三叠世早期,牡丹江洋盆发生双向俯冲,形成了由俯冲增生杂岩、侵入弧、火山弧和弧后盆地构成的构造体系。伴随着牡丹江洋的闭合,佳木斯地块与松辽地块在晚三叠世发生碰撞(约230 Ma)。晚三叠世至中侏罗世(200~160 Ma),该区域内岩浆活动显著,形成了一系列斑岩型和夕卡岩型矿床[22-23]。
约500 Ma期间,兴安地块与额尔古纳地块发生碰撞,其边界对应于新林-喜桂图缝合带(XGS)[22]。与此同时,额尔古纳地块与西伯利亚克拉通南部边缘发生了碰撞。在石炭纪或二叠纪,兴安地块与松辽地块拼合,贺根山-黑河缝合带构成了两者的边界,松辽地块与佳木斯地块的边界则由牡丹江缝合带(MDS)界定[24]。这2个地块在中志留世(约425 Ma)首次发生碰撞并形成统一的陆块,随后进入构造-岩浆宁静期与古生界盖层发育阶段。晚石炭世-早三叠世期间(305~250 Ma),拼贴后的陆块在伸展背景下沿原缝合带位置拉张形成牡丹江洋。侏罗纪(185~145 Ma)期间,两地块再次拼合,完成了拼贴重组[25]。佳木斯地块向东延伸至那丹哈达地带,西南边界为牡丹江缝合带,南缘在晚二叠世与华北地块沿索伦缝合带碰撞。
新林-喜桂图缝合带(XGS)是东北亚地区的重要缝合带,其布格重力异常范围为-80~50 mGal,莫霍面埋深超过34 km,表明该区域地壳较厚。该缝合带为头道桥-新林缝合带的一部分,其活动历史起源于新元古代洋盆扩张,寒武纪末期开始俯冲,奥陶纪(485~472 Ma)为主要俯冲增生阶段,至晚奥陶世晚期(约445 Ma),新林洋闭合,随后的演化经历了晚志留世至早泥盆世(约420~400 Ma)的弧后洋盆闭合及后碰撞阶段[5]。贺根山-黑河缝合带(HHS)构成了兴安地块与松嫩地块的分界[8],布格重力异常范围为-50~70 mGal,莫霍面最深处约36 km;早志留世(439~407 Ma)洋盆扩张,早石炭世至早二叠世(333~297 Ma)发生双向俯冲,形成增生杂岩;中-晚二叠世沉积覆盖增生杂岩,洋盆闭合并进入后碰撞阶段[2]。
中生代以来,太平洋板块的俯冲方向、速度和角度发生了显著变化,其岩浆活动的时空分布为揭示板块俯冲过程提供了重要证据。早侏罗世时期,(古)太平洋板块开始向欧亚大陆俯冲[26],致使佳木斯地块和狼林地块内广泛发育钙碱性火山岩。佳木斯地块的莫霍面埋深为33~37 km(图 7),可能是由于俯冲板块对上覆岩石圈施加的水平挤压应力,导致该地块地壳增厚和莫霍面下沉。兴安地块发育双峰式火山岩和A型花岗岩,表明局部区域仍处于伸展环境[27]。松辽地块发育有大量的中-晚侏罗世至早白垩世早期的埃达克质岩石、双峰式火山岩和A型花岗岩,指示蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后该区域处于伸展环境。兴安地块和松辽地块的较低的布格重力异常和较浅的莫霍面埋深反映了该地块在伸展背景下发生了地壳减薄。
晚白垩世时期,(古)太平洋板块的低角度俯冲作用显著增强,佳木斯地块和兴凯地块广泛发育钙碱性火山岩、Ⅰ型花岗岩和埃达克质岩,同时松辽地块、华北地块发育A型花岗岩和碱性岩,反映出陆缘与陆内岩浆作用的成分极性变化。佳木斯地块和兴凯地块的高重力异常与岛弧型岩浆活动密切相关,而松辽地块和华北地块较低的重力异常进一步支持了伸展环境下的地壳减薄。这种陆缘与陆内岩浆作用的成分极性变化,揭示了低角度俯冲对区域构造-岩浆演化的深远影响。进入古近纪后,弧型岩浆作用仅限于俄罗斯远东区域(包括兴凯地块)。火山岩分布向沿海地区收缩,反映出(古)太平洋板块的回撤。兴凯地块的布格重力异常逐渐减弱,莫霍面埋深进一步变浅,表明板块回撤引发的岩浆活动停滞,岩石圈持续伸展并减薄。整体上,(古)太平洋板块的俯冲作用及其应力传递驱动了东北亚微板块的构造演化过程。佳木斯地块和兴凯地块的岛弧型岩浆活动较好地对应了该区域的高布格重力异常及较浅的莫霍面埋深,表明该区域深部存在高密度的俯冲板片残余或上涌的地幔物质。松辽地块和华北地块的伸展岩浆活动与较低的布格重力异常、较浅的莫霍面埋深则揭示了该区域处于弧后伸展背景。
1) 东北亚地区存在岛弧型、克拉通型以及增生型等15个微板块。其中,岛弧型微板块(如兴凯地块)布格重力异常普遍为高正值,地壳较薄。克拉通型微板块(如松辽、额尔古纳、华北地块等)重力异常范围广,负异常区对应较厚地壳和低密度沉积层,正异常区与新生代沉积盆地沉积相关。增生型微板块(如兴安、巴贾尔、临津江地块等)重力异常杂乱,反映多期碰撞-增生过程。
2) 东北亚的岩石圈结构和地壳厚度在空间上存在明显变化。其中,日本海沟、菲律宾海和西太平洋俯冲带区域莫霍面较浅,反映该区域可能受到板块俯冲过程的影响,导致地壳变薄使相对高密度的地幔更靠近地表,从而使布格重力异常呈现高值特征。中亚造山带东部和西伯利亚地块等造山带与克拉通区域莫霍面埋深较大,反映了该区域构造活动的稳定性及地壳增厚的动力学过程。此外,松辽盆地、兴安地块等过渡区域表现出地壳厚度的梯度变化,其岩石圈厚度介于俯冲带与克拉通之间,反映了这些区域可能受到(古)太平洋板块俯冲的远程应力传递及局部拉张作用的影响,形成了介于伸展与挤压之间的构造响应。
3)(古)太平洋板块的俯冲最终塑造了东北亚现今的构造格局。自早侏罗世到古近纪,东北亚微板块的拼合过程涉及多个重要的缝合带和碰撞事件。陆缘地块(佳木斯、兴凯、狼林)受(古)太平洋板块俯冲的直接控制,发育有钙碱性系列岩浆活动,重力异常较高,莫霍面较浅;陆内地块(松辽、华北)则受俯冲远程应力传递的影响,岩石圈减薄,发育伸展背景的A型花岗岩,重力异常较低。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42462024)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42304145)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB213077)
  • 地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室开放基金(SMIL-2024-06)
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2026年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.071
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(42462024)
国家自然科学基金(42304145)
江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB213077)
地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室开放基金(SMIL-2024-06)
作者信息
    1 东华理工大学地球物理与空间探测学院, 南昌, 330013
    2 中国地质大学地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室, 武汉, 430074

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赵斐宇, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事深部地球物理研究, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.071
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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