Article(id=1322566914694566793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322566845215912204, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.068, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741190400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793254124567, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793254124567, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793254124567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793254124567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322566845215912204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2026', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='139', pageEnd='261', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793254108003, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793254108003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=178, endPage=183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322566914858144650, articleId=1322566914694566793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Preprocessing Parameters of Azimuth Angle for Borehole Short-Period Seismometers, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The frequency band of oceanic microseismic peaks lies outside the velocity flat response range of borehole short-period seismometers. This study employs a transfer function to restore the oceanic microseismic peaks recorded by low-noise short-period seismometers and uses these restored peaks as the signal source for calculating the installation azimuth angles of borehole short-period seismometers. To investigate the impact of preprocessing parameters on the qualification rate of the calculated installation azimuth angles of downhole short-period seismometers, six sets of filters with different bandwidths were first applied to preprocess 24 hours of continuous data. The continuous data were then divided into five different time lengths. Subsequently, the installation azimuth angles of the borehole short-period seismometers were calculated using a correlation method. Finally, the installation azimuth angles with an average correlation coefficient greater than 0.995 for both the east-west (EW) and north-south (NS) components, and with an angle between the EW and NS components not exceeding 1.2°, were selected. The results show that the most qualified azimuth angles were obtained when the data were preprocessed with a filter bandwidth of 0.2 to 0.6 Hz and a duration of 300 s. Moreover, the number of qualified azimuth angles was significantly higher during the period of 19:00 to 06:00 than during 07:00 to 16:00. A comparison of the Earth's background noise before and after the correction of the installation azimuth angles of surface and borehole short-period seismometers revealed that the EW and NS components did not coincide before correction but were perfectly aligned after correction, thereby validating the effectiveness of using a filter bandwidth of 0.2 to 0.6 Hz and a duration of 300 s for azimuth angle calculation. This set of preprocessing parameters can also be applied to the azimuth correction calculation of borehole very broadband seismometers and the alignment error testing of surface seismometers.

, authors=Minghui LIU1, 2, Jiang LI1, 2, Honghao SHI3, Yinxing ZHOU1, 2, Lulu KANG2, Weiyuan WU2, Teng HAN2, authorsList=Minghui LIU, Jiang LI, Honghao SHI, Yinxing ZHOU, Lulu KANG, Weiyuan WU, Teng HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322566917701882773, articleId=1322566914694566793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=井下短周期地震计方位角预处理参数, columnId=1281933709121138897, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球动力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

海洋脉动波峰的频带处于井下短周期地震计速度平坦响应范围之外。本文运用传递函数, 恢复低噪声短周期地震计记录的海洋脉动波峰, 并将其作为计算井下短周期地震计安装方位角的信号源。为探究预处理参数对井下短周期地震计安装方位角计算结果合格率的影响, 首先采用6组不同带宽的滤波器, 对24 h连续数据进行预处理滤波; 接着将连续数据划分为5种不同时间长度; 随后运用相关方法计算井下短周期地震计的安装方位角; 最后筛选出东西(EW)和南北(NS)方向平均相关系数大于0.995, 且二者夹角不超过1.2°的安装方位角。结果显示, 采用带宽为0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器, 对时长300 s的数据进行预处理滤波, 再通过相关计算得到的安装方位角, 其合格次数最多; 并且合格次数在19:00—06:00期间明显多于在07:00—16:00期间。对比地表和井下短周期地震计安装方位角校正前后的地球背景噪声可知, 校正前EW和NS方向并不重合, 校正后二者完全重合, 这验证了使用0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器和时长300 s的这组预处理参数进行方位角计算的有效性。该预处理参数还可应用于井下甚宽带地震计的方位角校正计算及地表地震计之间对齐误差的测试。

, authors=刘明辉1, 2, 李江1, 2, 施鸿昊3, 周银兴1, 2, 康璐璐2, 吴卫远2, 韩腾2, authorsList=刘明辉, 李江, 施鸿昊, 周银兴, 康璐璐, 吴卫远, 韩腾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

刘明辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震观测技术研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=66/gPaLfpMXaeymDHSSIYA==, magXml=gzc2Hyxi3mixNP8IkYFoLw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jLUIChJDLqqqY8S+a/4Q4Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KqejCGnuJ+t0zyPhY1xrHQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322566918209393568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566914694566793, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=geodevice@sina.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322566918310056867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566914694566793, authorId=1322566918209393568, language=EN, stringName=Minghui LIU, firstName=Minghui, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction and Risk Assessment of Ministry of Emergency Management, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China
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刘明辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震观测技术研究, E-mail:

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刘明辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震观测技术研究, E-mail:

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caption=Original and corrected ocean pulse signals, figureFileSmall=tblqA9Tnc+7znOnddyVp8g==, figureFileBig=qdvlLS27FfqqjKFGRDoElQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566922902819798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566914694566793, language=CN, label=图5, caption=校正前后的海洋脉动信号, figureFileSmall=tblqA9Tnc+7znOnddyVp8g==, figureFileBig=qdvlLS27FfqqjKFGRDoElQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322566922965734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322566914694566793, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Filter band of pre-processing

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序号代号滤波频带/Hz
1F10.05~0.20
2F20.2~0.6
3F30.2~0.3
4F40.1~1.0
5F51~5
6F60.195~0.200
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预处理滤波频带

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序号代号滤波频带/Hz
1F10.05~0.20
2F20.2~0.6
3F30.2~0.3
4F40.1~1.0
5F51~5
6F60.195~0.200
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Data duration and total time of calculations

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序号数据时间长度/s计算总次数/次
1300288
2600144
31 20072
42 40036
53 60024
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数据时间长度和计算总次数

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序号数据时间长度/s计算总次数/次
1300288
2600144
31 20072
42 40036
53 60024
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Total number of qualified results and azimuth angles

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频带数据时间长度
300 s600 s1 200 s2 400 s3 600 s
合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)
F15380.983381.021781.001080.99681.01
F214080.987581.024281.002380.991581.01
F311180.806580.823580.811980.811380.81
F411380.915980.922780.911380.93880.92
F50-0-0-0-0-
F67880.783980.802080.801180.80680.81
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合格总次数和方位角

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频带数据时间长度
300 s600 s1 200 s2 400 s3 600 s
合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)合格次数方位角/(°)
F15380.983381.021781.001080.99681.01
F214080.987581.024281.002380.991581.01
F311180.806580.823580.811980.811380.81
F411380.915980.922780.911380.93880.92
F50-0-0-0-0-
F67880.783980.802080.801180.80680.81
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井下短周期地震计方位角预处理参数
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刘明辉 1, 2 , 李江 1, 2 , 施鸿昊 3 , 周银兴 1, 2 , 康璐璐 2 , 吴卫远 2 , 韩腾 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球动力学 2026,46(2): 178-183
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球动力学 2026 , 46 (2) : 178 -183
井下短周期地震计方位角预处理参数
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刘明辉1, 2 , 李江1, 2, 施鸿昊3, 周银兴1, 2, 康璐璐2, 吴卫远2, 韩腾2
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地震预测研究所地震预测与风险评估应急管理部重点实验室, 北京, 100036
  • 2 北京港震科技股份有限公司, 北京, 102628
  • 3 吉林省地震局延边地震监测中心站, 延吉, 133003
作者简介:

刘明辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震观测技术研究, E-mail:

Preprocessing Parameters of Azimuth Angle for Borehole Short-Period Seismometers
Minghui LIU1, 2 , Jiang LI1, 2, Honghao SHI3, Yinxing ZHOU1, 2, Lulu KANG2, Weiyuan WU2, Teng HAN2
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction and Risk Assessment of Ministry of Emergency Management, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA, Beijing 100036, China
  • 2 Beijng Gangzhen Technology Co Ltd, Beijing 102628, China
  • 3 Yanbian Earthquake Monitoring Central Station of Jilin Earthquake Agency, Yanji 133003, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.068
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海洋脉动波峰的频带处于井下短周期地震计速度平坦响应范围之外。本文运用传递函数, 恢复低噪声短周期地震计记录的海洋脉动波峰, 并将其作为计算井下短周期地震计安装方位角的信号源。为探究预处理参数对井下短周期地震计安装方位角计算结果合格率的影响, 首先采用6组不同带宽的滤波器, 对24 h连续数据进行预处理滤波; 接着将连续数据划分为5种不同时间长度; 随后运用相关方法计算井下短周期地震计的安装方位角; 最后筛选出东西(EW)和南北(NS)方向平均相关系数大于0.995, 且二者夹角不超过1.2°的安装方位角。结果显示, 采用带宽为0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器, 对时长300 s的数据进行预处理滤波, 再通过相关计算得到的安装方位角, 其合格次数最多; 并且合格次数在19:00—06:00期间明显多于在07:00—16:00期间。对比地表和井下短周期地震计安装方位角校正前后的地球背景噪声可知, 校正前EW和NS方向并不重合, 校正后二者完全重合, 这验证了使用0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器和时长300 s的这组预处理参数进行方位角计算的有效性。该预处理参数还可应用于井下甚宽带地震计的方位角校正计算及地表地震计之间对齐误差的测试。

井下观测  /  短周期地震计  /  方位角  /  预处理参数

The frequency band of oceanic microseismic peaks lies outside the velocity flat response range of borehole short-period seismometers. This study employs a transfer function to restore the oceanic microseismic peaks recorded by low-noise short-period seismometers and uses these restored peaks as the signal source for calculating the installation azimuth angles of borehole short-period seismometers. To investigate the impact of preprocessing parameters on the qualification rate of the calculated installation azimuth angles of downhole short-period seismometers, six sets of filters with different bandwidths were first applied to preprocess 24 hours of continuous data. The continuous data were then divided into five different time lengths. Subsequently, the installation azimuth angles of the borehole short-period seismometers were calculated using a correlation method. Finally, the installation azimuth angles with an average correlation coefficient greater than 0.995 for both the east-west (EW) and north-south (NS) components, and with an angle between the EW and NS components not exceeding 1.2°, were selected. The results show that the most qualified azimuth angles were obtained when the data were preprocessed with a filter bandwidth of 0.2 to 0.6 Hz and a duration of 300 s. Moreover, the number of qualified azimuth angles was significantly higher during the period of 19:00 to 06:00 than during 07:00 to 16:00. A comparison of the Earth's background noise before and after the correction of the installation azimuth angles of surface and borehole short-period seismometers revealed that the EW and NS components did not coincide before correction but were perfectly aligned after correction, thereby validating the effectiveness of using a filter bandwidth of 0.2 to 0.6 Hz and a duration of 300 s for azimuth angle calculation. This set of preprocessing parameters can also be applied to the azimuth correction calculation of borehole very broadband seismometers and the alignment error testing of surface seismometers.

borehole observation  /  short period seismometer  /  azimuth  /  pre-processing parameter
刘明辉, 李江, 施鸿昊, 周银兴, 康璐璐, 吴卫远, 韩腾. 井下短周期地震计方位角预处理参数. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2026 , 46 (2) : 178 -183 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.068
Minghui LIU, Jiang LI, Honghao SHI, Yinxing ZHOU, Lulu KANG, Weiyuan WU, Teng HAN. Preprocessing Parameters of Azimuth Angle for Borehole Short-Period Seismometers[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2026 , 46 (2) : 178 -183 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.068
井下地震观测不仅能避开地表人类活动的干扰,减少地表岩石风化、天气变化的影响,还能解决大、中型城市“地震监测盲区”的问题[1-2]。地震计的安装方位角对横波分裂研究至关重要[3]。若地震计的安装方位与真北方向存在较大偏差,那么依据方位角理论值旋转得到的结果也会出现较大的系统偏差,从而影响现代地震学研究结果的真实性与可靠性[4]。
井下地震计是井下地震观测系统的核心设备[5],主要由落地安装底座、地震计(含密封舱和导向杆等)、扶正器和应力解除器等部件构成。在安装井下地震计时,常用的观测方位角校正方法有软件相对校正法和硬件绝对校正法。软件相对校正法是将井下地震计和地表标准安装地震计同址同时观测的数据进行相关计算,从而得到井下地震计的安装方位角,再通过软件对方位角进行校正,以确保正式记录数据的观测方位为正南正北。硬件绝对校正法是在井下地震计安装过程中,先将安装底座固定在井底,然后使用井下寻北仪测量安装底座上定位豁口的方位角,接着将导向杆朝着定位豁口方位角的相反方向旋转相应角度后与密封舱连接成一体,最后将密封舱和导向杆一同安装到井底的底座上,使导向杆上的导向轮与安装底座上的定位豁口完全重合,实现对井下地震计观测方位角的机械绝对校正。
采用软件相对校正法时,一般会分析同址地表地震计和井下地震计同时记录到的突出地球脉动信号或地震事件信号[6]。地球脉动来源较为广泛,不连续且频率分布较广,包括地质活动(板块运动、火山、地震)、大气循环(气候、风)、陆地生态(森林、草原、冰川)及人类活动对地球的扰动。鉴于发生大地震的概率较低,而海洋脉动具有70%的连续性,主要来自海浪、潮汐、海流等自然现象产生的扰动,在1~14 s的频段范围内存在明显波峰,尖峰周期约为6 s[7],即使在远离海洋数千千米的内陆地震仪上也能记录到明显的海洋脉动信号[8],因此海洋脉动成为软件相对校正法的主要研究对象。截至目前,国内外尚无学者对井下地震计检测方位参数进行研究。本文对井下短周期地震计方位角预处理参数展开研究。
井下地震观测的传感器大多选用井下宽带地震计或井下甚宽带地震计,部分观测项目(如地震台阵、矿山地震观测等)会采用井下短周期地震计。海洋脉动的波峰频段处于井下宽带地震计和井下甚宽带地震计速度响应的平坦频带内,而井下短周期地震计的标称观测频带范围为0.5~50 Hz(-3 dB)[9],海洋脉动波峰频带在井下短周期地震计的速度平坦响应频带之外(图 1)。不同地震计的自噪声水平存在差异,低噪声短周期地震计也能够记录到1~14 s频段范围内的海洋脉动波峰[10]。
本文收集了8个地震台站24 h连续观测数据。每个观测台站的地表安装了一台短周期地震计,在同一地点100 m深处安装了一台井下短周期地震计,井斜角度介于0.3°~2.6°之间。每个地震台站的2台地震计在安装现场接入同一台24位6通道的地震数据采集器,同时进行数据采集与存储,并采用北斗授时[11]。
计算地球脉动信号的加速度功率谱(PSD),若地球脉动信号中包含某种频率成分,便可从功率谱中反映出来[12]。为对比2台地震计记录地球脉动信号的能力,并与地球噪声模型(NHNM和NLNM)[13]进行比较,分别计算2台地震计3个方向的加速度功率谱(PSD),结果见图 2。
从图 2可以看出,地表短周期地震计和井下短周期地震计的3个方向都记录到了海洋脉动波峰,且井下短周期地震计记录的背景噪声明显低于地表短周期地震计。
在分析海洋脉动波峰信号时,选择合适的预处理滤波频带、数据时间长度和时间段,能够高效地计算得到井下短周期地震计的安装方位角,这是本文的主要研究内容。
不同研究人员在进行相关计算前,会采用不同的频带对海洋脉动波峰进行滤波预处理,如0.1~1 Hz[6]、0.2~0.6 Hz[14]、0.2~0.3 Hz[15-16]、0.195~0.2 Hz[17]。除上述研究过的滤波频带外,本文还增加了0.05~0.2 Hz和1~5 Hz预处理滤波频带,具体如表 1所示。
利用软件相对校正法检测井下地震计安装方位角时,数据时间长度通常设定为3 600 s[14-18]。为探索更高效的计算方式,本文采用不同时间长度的数据进行计算。数据时间长度和24 h连续数据对应的计算次数如表 2所示。
相关分析是一种用于研究事物之间相关性及其强弱程度的统计方法,主要目的是探究变量间关系的密切程度,相关系数越高,相关性越强。对校正的井下地震计EW和NS分向,在0~360°范围内以1°为增量进行顺时针旋转,旋转后的角度记为θ,旋转后NS和EW方向的信号分别为:
$\mathrm{NS}_\theta=\mathrm{NS} * \cos (\theta)+\mathrm{EW} * \sin (\theta) \\\mathrm{EW}_\theta=-\mathrm{NS} * \cos (\theta)+\mathrm{EW} * \cos (\theta)$
将旋转后的信号分别与地表标准地震计EW和NS方向进行互相关计算,相关系数最大时的旋转角度即为该方向与地表标准地震计相同方向的相对方位角,分别计算NS和EW方向的相关系数和相对方位角。确定大致范围后,再以0.05°的步长进行精细计算。
在相关检测计算过程中,计算同址同时地表地震计和井下地震计EW和NS方向的相对方位角和相关系数,会得到多次不同的计算结果。通过对比远震信号与海洋脉动尖峰信号的相关检测结果,选择方位角差不大于1.2°,且相关系数大于0.995的计算结果时,远震信号与海洋脉动尖峰信号之间的计算结果仅相差0.23°[17],满足指北误差小于1°的要求[19]。因此,本文将相对方位角度差不大于1.2°,且相关系数大于0.995作为合格标准。
对8个地震台站连续24 h的观测数据,首先使用表 1中6组不同带宽的滤波器进行滤波预处理,然后将连续数据分成表 2中5组不同时间长度的数据,接着运用相关分析方法计算井下短周期地震计的安装方位角,最后筛选出NS和EW方向平均相关系数大于0.995,且NS和EW方向之间夹角不大于1.2°的安装方位角。本文以4号地震台站为例,其合格率如图 3所示。
可以看出, 不同数据时间长度下,达标百分比平均最高的滤波频带为F2,即0.2~0.6 Hz。4号地震台站的合格总次数和方位角度值如表 3所示。
表 3显示,合格次数最多的预处理参数组合是时间长度为300 s和滤波频带为F2(0.2~0.6 Hz)。从表 3还可以看出,使用同一种预处理滤波器对不同时间长度的数据进行计算,得到的方位角差值不超过0.05°;对于相同时间长度的数据,使用不同的预处理滤波器,方位角差值不超过0.22°,满足指北误差小于1°的要求[19]。因此,时间长度为300 s和滤波频带为F2(0.2~0.6 Hz)的预处理参数组合是最优的。
使用F2(0.2~0.6 Hz)滤波器对300 s时间长度的数据进行预处理,计算连续24 h的数据,计算总次数为288次。4号台站的相关系数和方位角的时间分布如图 4所示。图 4表明,在19:00—06:00之间,相关系数和方位角的波动较小,离散度较低。
为更清晰地展示结果,使用0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器对120 s井下短周期地震计记录的海洋脉动信号进行滤波预处理,然后利用式(1)将其旋转80.98°进行校正;同时,也用0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器对地表短周期地震计记录的海洋脉动信号进行滤波预处理。2台地震计记录的海洋脉动信号如图 5所示。
图 5(a)显示,2台地震计UD分向的原始地球脉动信号相位重合,无需校正。图 5(b)和5(c)显示,2台地震计EW和NS方向原始海洋脉动信号的相位均不重合。图 5(d)和5(e)显示,井下记录的海洋脉动信号经过80.98°的方位角旋转校正后,EW和NS方向与地表记录的相位均重合,这说明采用300 s的数据长度,使用0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波器来检测井下短周期地震计的安装方位角是有效的。
本文一共计算了8个台站连续24 h的数据,8个台站的方位角各不相同,但相关系数和方位角的时间分布趋势基本一致, 均是采用300 s的数据长度和0.2~0.6 Hz的滤波进行预处理后,合格次数最多,分别为84次、205次、157次、140次、190次、59次、206次、133次。
海洋脉动波峰频带(1~14 s)位于井下短周期地震计的速度平坦响应频带之外,但低噪声短周期地震计仍能有效记录这些信号。本文通过传递函数恢复真实的海洋脉动波峰信号,并将其作为计算井下短周期地震计安装方位角的信号源。
为探究影响井下短周期地震计安装方位角计算结果合格率的因素,本文收集了台阵中8个台站共16台短周期地震计的数据。首先,利用传递函数将地表和井下短周期地震计记录的信号恢复为真实的地面运动速度;然后,采用6组不同滤波器对24 h连续数据进行预处理滤波,并将数据划分为5组不同时间长度;最后,运用相关检测方法进行计算,优选EW和NS分向平均相关系数均大于0.995且两者夹角不超过1.2°的结果。计算结果表明,采用0.2~0.6 Hz频带滤波器对300 s时间长度数据进行预处理后,检测合格率最高,达48.61%,合格次数为140次。此外,在19:00—06:00夜间时间段,相关系数和安装方位角的波动较小,合格率显著高于07:00—16:00白天时间段。
通过对120 s地球背景噪声信号进行方位角校正前后的对比分析发现,校正前UD方向相位完全重合,无需校正,而EW和NS方向不重合;校正后EW和NS方向重合,验证了使用0.2~0.6 Hz滤波器对300 s信号进行预处理后进行方位角计算的有效性。该预处理参数具有双重优势:不仅合格次数最多,且所需数据时间长度最短。选择19:00—06:00夜间数据,可快速计算出井下短周期地震计的安装方位角。该参数还可推广应用于井下甚宽带地震计的方位角校正检测及地表地震计对齐误差的测试。
地震观测井的深度在100~500 m之间。在安装过程中,井下地震计的转动可能会带动用于通讯和承重的凯夫拉电缆旋转,进而累积较大扭力,导致安装底座在井底转动,使得井下地震计无法按照机械校正的方向指向正南正北。在使用地震观测数据时,如果发现台站观测数据对地震的定位偏差较大,就需要采用软件相对校正法进行复核。
  • 中国地震局地震预测研究所所长基金(CEAIEF2022030104)
  • 地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1002503)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2204301)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.068
  • 接收时间:2025-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06
基金
中国地震局地震预测研究所所长基金(CEAIEF2022030104)
地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1002503)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2204301)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局地震预测研究所地震预测与风险评估应急管理部重点实验室, 北京, 100036
    2 北京港震科技股份有限公司, 北京, 102628
    3 吉林省地震局延边地震监测中心站, 延吉, 133003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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