Article(id=1322506377747092275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506263716541212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.062, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741017600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239691434, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239691434, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239691434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239691434, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506263716541212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='881', pageEnd='990', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757865600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239664248, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239664248, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=964, endPage=971, 982, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506377931641652, articleId=1322506377747092275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Velocity Structure Tomography in the Eastern Region of the North China Craton, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the P-wave travel-time data of 2 538 earthquake events(ML≥1.0) recorded by 198 fixed stations of CENC from 2019 to 2023, the three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust in this area is inversed by double-difference tomography, earthquake relocation via double-difference tomography and waveform cross-correlation for enhanced accuracy and reliability, it reveals the coupling relationship between crustal structural heterogeneity and seismic activity under the background of craton destruction. The results show that after relocation, the root-mean-square(RMS) of seismic travel time residuals is reduced from 1.09 s to 0.52 s, and the residual average is optimized from -0.33 s to 0.02 s, the accuracy of the velocity model has been improved. Set four profile lines distributed in the Shanxi Jinzhong fault zone, Yanshan structural zone, Tangshan fault zone, Xingtai-Handan fault zone and other fault zones where earthquake events are more concentrated. Velocity structure analysis reveals that most seismic events are clustered within transitional zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies, the crustal thickness exhibits significant lateral heterogeneity. In the volcanic rift basin of Datong, Shanxi province, enhanced thermal-chemical upwelling corresponds to prominent low-velocity anomalies. The Yanshan tectonic zone displays alternating low-velocity and high-velocity anomalies, reflecting unstable stress conditions and structural anisotropy. Multiple strong earthquakes along the Tangshan fault zone predominantly occur within transitional zones between high-velocity and low-velocity anomalies. The Xingtai-Handan fault zone demonstrates concentrated seismic events likely triggered by lithospheric delamination processes associated with high-velocity anomalies.The dynamic mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton is jointly dominated by lithospheric delamination, thermochemical erosion, and mantle convective erosion induced by the subduction of the Pacific plate, providing new geophysical constraints for understanding the stability evolution of the craton and the mechanism of strong earthquake propagation.

, authors=Shi WANG1, 2, Liang WANG3, *, Yi ZHOU1, 2, Sisi WANG1, 2, authorsList=Shi WANG, Liang WANG, Yi ZHOU, Sisi WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liang WANG, authorNote=

WANG Shi, enginner, majors in seismology and geodynamics, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506381710709579, articleId=1322506377747092275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=华北克拉通东部地区速度结构层析成像, columnId=1322506197874356701, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地壳运动, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于2019—2022年中国地震台网198个固定台站记录的2 538次地震(ML≥1.0)事件P波走时数据,采用双差层析成像方法,反演该区域三维地壳速度结构,利用双差定位和波形互相关对地震进行联合重定位,提高地震定位的精度和可靠性,揭示克拉通破坏背景下地壳结构非均匀性与地震活动的耦合关系。结果表明,重定位后地震走时残差均方根均值由1.09 s降至0.52 s,残差均值由-0.33 s优化至0.02 s,速度模型的准确性得到提高。设置4条剖线分布在地震事件较为集中的山西晋中断裂带、燕山构造带、唐山断裂带及邢台-邯郸断裂带等断裂带附近,速度结构显示,多数地震位于高速与低速异常区过渡带,地壳厚度呈横向不均匀特征,山西大同火山断陷盆地热-化学物质向上侵蚀较多,符合低速异常的特征;燕山构造带低速与高速相互交替,应力不稳定,地壳结构各向异常;在高低速异常过渡区,唐山断裂带多次发生较大地震;邢台-邯郸断裂带高速异常区可能发生过拆沉作用,导致该区域地震事件较多。岩石圈拆沉作用、热化学侵蚀作用与太平洋板块俯冲诱导的地幔对流侵蚀共同主导华北克拉通破坏的动力学机制,为理解克拉通稳定性演化与强震孕育机理提供了新的地球物理约束。

, authors=王时1, 2, 王亮3, *, 周依1, 2, 王思思1, 2, authorsList=王时, 王亮, 周依, 王思思, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王亮, authorNote=

王时,工程师,主要研究方向为地震学和地球动力学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

王亮,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为地震学,E-mail:

WANG Liang, PhD, lecturer, majors in seismology, E-mail:

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华北克拉通东部地区速度结构层析成像
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王时 1, 2 , 王亮 3, * , 周依 1, 2 , 王思思 1, 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地壳运动 2025,45(9): 964-971, 982
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地壳运动 2025 , 45 (9) : 964 -971, 982
华北克拉通东部地区速度结构层析成像
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2 Hebei Hongshan National Observatory on Thick Sediments and Seismic Hazards, 1540 West-Quanbei Street, Xingtai 054000, China, bio={"content":"

WANG Shi, enginner, majors in seismology and geodynamics, E-mail:

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WANG Shi, enginner, majors in seismology and geodynamics, E-mail:

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2 河北红山巨厚沉积与地震灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,河北省邢台市泉北西大街1540号,054000, bio={"content":"

王时,工程师,主要研究方向为地震学和地球动力学,E-mail:

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王时,工程师,主要研究方向为地震学和地球动力学,E-mail:

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王时1, 2 , 王亮3, * , 周依1, 2, 王思思1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 河北省地震局,石家庄市槐中路262号,050021
  • 2 河北红山巨厚沉积与地震灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,河北省邢台市泉北西大街1540号,054000
  • 3 贺州学院人工智能学院,广西壮族自治区贺州市潇贺大道3261号,542899
通讯作者:

王亮,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为地震学,E-mail:

WANG Liang, PhD, lecturer, majors in seismology, E-mail:

作者简介:

王时,工程师,主要研究方向为地震学和地球动力学,E-mail:

Velocity Structure Tomography in the Eastern Region of the North China Craton
Shi WANG1, 2 , Liang WANG3, * , Yi ZHOU1, 2, Sisi WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Hebei Earthquake Agency, 262 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • 2 Hebei Hongshan National Observatory on Thick Sediments and Seismic Hazards, 1540 West-Quanbei Street, Xingtai 054000, China
  • 3 School of Artificial Intelligence, Hezhou University, 3261 Xiaohe Road, Hezhou 542899, China
  • WANG Shi, enginner, majors in seismology and geodynamics, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.062
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基于2019—2022年中国地震台网198个固定台站记录的2 538次地震(ML≥1.0)事件P波走时数据,采用双差层析成像方法,反演该区域三维地壳速度结构,利用双差定位和波形互相关对地震进行联合重定位,提高地震定位的精度和可靠性,揭示克拉通破坏背景下地壳结构非均匀性与地震活动的耦合关系。结果表明,重定位后地震走时残差均方根均值由1.09 s降至0.52 s,残差均值由-0.33 s优化至0.02 s,速度模型的准确性得到提高。设置4条剖线分布在地震事件较为集中的山西晋中断裂带、燕山构造带、唐山断裂带及邢台-邯郸断裂带等断裂带附近,速度结构显示,多数地震位于高速与低速异常区过渡带,地壳厚度呈横向不均匀特征,山西大同火山断陷盆地热-化学物质向上侵蚀较多,符合低速异常的特征;燕山构造带低速与高速相互交替,应力不稳定,地壳结构各向异常;在高低速异常过渡区,唐山断裂带多次发生较大地震;邢台-邯郸断裂带高速异常区可能发生过拆沉作用,导致该区域地震事件较多。岩石圈拆沉作用、热化学侵蚀作用与太平洋板块俯冲诱导的地幔对流侵蚀共同主导华北克拉通破坏的动力学机制,为理解克拉通稳定性演化与强震孕育机理提供了新的地球物理约束。

华北克拉通  /  双差层析成像  /  拆沉作用  /  软流圈物质上涌

Based on the P-wave travel-time data of 2 538 earthquake events(ML≥1.0) recorded by 198 fixed stations of CENC from 2019 to 2023, the three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust in this area is inversed by double-difference tomography, earthquake relocation via double-difference tomography and waveform cross-correlation for enhanced accuracy and reliability, it reveals the coupling relationship between crustal structural heterogeneity and seismic activity under the background of craton destruction. The results show that after relocation, the root-mean-square(RMS) of seismic travel time residuals is reduced from 1.09 s to 0.52 s, and the residual average is optimized from -0.33 s to 0.02 s, the accuracy of the velocity model has been improved. Set four profile lines distributed in the Shanxi Jinzhong fault zone, Yanshan structural zone, Tangshan fault zone, Xingtai-Handan fault zone and other fault zones where earthquake events are more concentrated. Velocity structure analysis reveals that most seismic events are clustered within transitional zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies, the crustal thickness exhibits significant lateral heterogeneity. In the volcanic rift basin of Datong, Shanxi province, enhanced thermal-chemical upwelling corresponds to prominent low-velocity anomalies. The Yanshan tectonic zone displays alternating low-velocity and high-velocity anomalies, reflecting unstable stress conditions and structural anisotropy. Multiple strong earthquakes along the Tangshan fault zone predominantly occur within transitional zones between high-velocity and low-velocity anomalies. The Xingtai-Handan fault zone demonstrates concentrated seismic events likely triggered by lithospheric delamination processes associated with high-velocity anomalies.The dynamic mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton is jointly dominated by lithospheric delamination, thermochemical erosion, and mantle convective erosion induced by the subduction of the Pacific plate, providing new geophysical constraints for understanding the stability evolution of the craton and the mechanism of strong earthquake propagation.

north China Craton  /  double-difference tomography  /  delamination  /  upwelling of asthenosphere material
王时, 王亮, 周依, 王思思. 华北克拉通东部地区速度结构层析成像. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (9) : 964 -971, 982 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.062
Shi WANG, Liang WANG, Yi ZHOU, Sisi WANG. Velocity Structure Tomography in the Eastern Region of the North China Craton[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (9) : 964 -971, 982 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.062
华北克拉通位于欧亚板块东部,是古老的克拉通地区之一,具有长期稳定的特性,但是经历了长久的地质构造活动,也会发生改变。构造地质学、岩石学和地球化学等多种学科的证据表明,华北克拉通自中生代以来遭受了长久强烈的地质构造运动,克拉通遭到了破坏,然而破坏的具体机制尚有争论,如岩石圈拆沉作用和热-化学侵蚀作用等。张波等[1]在研究华北克拉通岩石圈减薄时发现,河北武安洪山碱性杂岩体形成于加厚地壳,后经少量地幔流体注入出现了地幔同位素印记,随后在拉张环境下快速上升至地表浅处,印证了华北克拉通深部岩浆上涌,岩石圈减薄;刘璐璐等[2]对河北武安坦岭杂岩体进行研究时发现,坦岭细粒二长岩形成于134 Ma BP,斑状/似斑状岩石形成于127 Ma BP,该地区7 Ma间抬升了约5 km,表明拆沉作用可能是岩石圈减薄的主要方式;Tang等[3]通过联合反演背景噪声和面波成像的频散数据,得到了华北克拉通中部和东部的S波速度结构,分析表明,华北地壳较薄,速度较低。华北克拉通下方的地壳厚度存在一定的区域性差异,呈现横向不均匀的结构分布;徐小兵等[4]分析固定台站和流动地震台站所记录到的地震事件认为,华北克拉通东部表现出的空间非均匀性是太平洋板块俯冲诱导的空间非均匀分布和克拉通岩石圈固有的构造薄弱带2个因素共同作用的结果;张莹莹等[5]采用接收函数叠加搜索方法,得到了华北北部燕山地区泊松比偏低,可能与该地区克拉通破坏方式以拆沉为主有关的结论;马梦丹等[6]基于133个固定台站对华北地区进行双差层析成像,研究显示,华北地区克拉通破坏后,软流圈物质上涌,导致地壳发生熔融与弱化,从而为地震的孕育和发生创造了条件;孙文魁等[7]采用导纳法和相关函数联合反演方法得到华北地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度Te,通过Te值分布呈现横向不均匀性,证实了华北克拉通东部破坏和岩石圈减薄,西部相对稳定;许田等[8]通过重力和地形数据对华北克拉通区域岩石圈热化学结构进行分析,发现通过多期幕式拆沉作用,能较好地说明华北克拉通组分混合的地幔岩石圈状态;李松林等[9]认为华北东部地区的低速层是热熔融产生的结果,且震源多发生在低速层的顶部,即高速区向低速区过渡的部位;程华冬等[10]认为,地幔对流会导致克拉通底部被侵蚀,并使其减薄。可以看出,华北克拉通地壳结构已经发生了改变,但是在岩石圈减薄的厚度、空间范围以及具体过程和动力学机制等方面还存在争议。有学者通过数值模拟的方法对华北克拉通地区进行分析和探讨,Liao等[11]通过数值实验分析认为,克拉通在拉张的情况下,岩石圈会释放巨大能量并减薄;王永明等[12]认为应该构建三维精细化的模型,还应加入拆沉、热-化学侵蚀作用等相互耦合的动力学模拟。
为了获得地球内部结构,本文采用双差层析成像方法对华北东部克拉通地壳结构特征进行研究和探讨,进一步了解地球内部的动力过程。
华北克拉通中东部地区地质结构复杂,既有第二阶梯和第三阶梯的分界线太行山脉,又有第三阶梯的华北平原和盆地。除了地表结构差异较大外,地壳结构也不尽相同,岩石圈存在横向不均匀的特征。
研究区域里地质构造复杂,地震主要集中在山西晋中断裂带、燕山构造带、冀南断裂带和唐山断裂带等。山西晋中断裂带位于山西省中部,包含多条断裂带,如太行山前断裂带和吕梁断裂带。这些断裂带是山西省重要的地质构造,对当地地震活动和地形地貌有显著的影响。燕山构造带与华北盆地存在明显的岩石圈结构差异。华北盆地下方较薄的岩石圈和低速度结构表明,该区具有较热的上地幔,认为华北盆地与其北部的燕山构造带等地区壳幔速度结构存在差异,与地幔过渡带中太平洋滞留板块的分布特征有关,张家口-渤海地震带处于岩石圈及软流圈结构具有显著差异的过渡带位置,岩石圈结构和深部热作用存在显著差异。唐山地震带位于河北省东部,地处华北平原东北部,靠近燕山山脉南麓。该地区存在多条断裂带,如唐山断裂带,其穿过唐山市区及周边地区,是一条重要的活动性断裂带,对唐山地区的地质结构和地震活动有显著影响;陡河断裂带位于唐山市北部,南堡断裂带位于唐山市东南部,均对当地的地质构造有较大影响。这些断层的存在使得唐山地区成为地震多发区。冀南断裂带主要是指存在于邢台和邯郸等地区的断裂带。邢台地区主要断裂带有:隆尧断裂带,位于邢台市东北部,对隆尧县和巨鹿县等地产生影响;宁晋断裂带,位于邢台市北部,对宁晋县及周边地区地质构造和地震活动有显著影响;武安断裂带,位于邢台市西南部,主要影响武安市和邢台西南地区等;临城-柏乡断裂带,贯穿邢台市西部地区,影响临城县和柏乡县等地。邯郸地区主要断裂带有:磁县-涉县断裂带,位于邯郸市西部,连接磁县和涉县之间,是太行山山脉东麓的重要断裂带之一;武安-永年断裂带,位于邯郸市境内,是一条南北走向的断裂带,对当地的地质构造及地表形态有显著影响;滏阳断裂带,位于邯郸市东部,是华北平原与太行山前缘的一条重要断裂带, 该断裂带对区域内的地震活动有一定影响。
图 1展示了华北克拉通中东部地区的地质构造特征及固定测震台站的空间分布。研究区域包括太行山脉、华北平原、盆地等主要地质单元及山西晋中断裂带、唐山断裂带、燕山断裂带、邢台-邯郸断裂带等关键活动断裂。
图 2显示了2019—2023年中国地震台网198个固定台站记录的2 538次地震事件(ML≥1.0)分布,其中白色圆点为地震事件,灰色射线为地震发生后被台站接收到的射线走时路径,蓝色三角为测震台站。台站主要沿断裂带和地震高发区分布,覆盖范围以克拉通中东部地区为主,东南部边缘台站密度较低,较细的黑色线段是断层,较粗的4条黑色线段是设置的A、B、C、D四条剖线,分别穿过山西、燕山、唐山、邢台-邯郸4条断裂带的附近区域,以此研究该地区剖面的速度结构。本文的初始速度参考的是由Han等[13]通过联合反演体波到达时间和面波频散曲线数据,得到的中国大陆地壳和上地幔三维速度统一模型(Ustclitho2.0),相较于一维的速度模型更精确、可靠,可视化效果见图 3。
震例选择方法如下:首先筛选出地震到台站的距离不大于400 km、事件对之间的距离介于0.1~20 km之间、地震对所需要的震相数据介于8~50个之间、事件的邻居数不大于20个的地震事件,再根据时距曲线剔除离散较大的地震事件,最后得到2 538个震例,具体见图 4。
图 5通过L曲线法确定了双差层析成像的最优正则化参数。经过多次反演测试,选择光滑因子拐点的值smooth=20和阻尼因子拐点值damp=600,这2个参数获得的反演效果最好。
本文采用棋盘测试法确定反演结果的可靠性,在初始速度网络节点添加±5%的扰动,将研究区域按水平方向0.5°×0.5°、垂直方向5 km划分,棋盘测试与反演的网格划分相一致。本研究采用的台站主要以京津冀和山西台站为主,山东及其他区域的台站为辅,因此东南区域的台站较少,接收到的地震射线不足,导致东南区域的恢复程度不好,低速异常区域会因为台站的稀疏而导致反演后的地区精细度不高,分辨率较低。检测结果除东南区域外,整体呈现正负相间的变化,恢复良好,分辨率较高,反演结果较为可靠,具体见图 6。
5 km地壳较浅,干扰因素较多,棋盘网格恢复率一般,10~20 km中上地壳网格恢复良好,东南区域较差,是因为台站和地震射线较少,分辨率较低的缘故;30~40 km壳慢结合处,外界干扰因素减少,棋盘测试结果比中上地壳的恢复效果要好。
图 7为双差重定位前地震走时残差均方根(RMS)及走时残差的均值,图 8为双差重定位后地震走时残差均方根(RMS)及走时残差的均值。
地震走时残差均方根是通过均方根法,对多次定位结果的误差统计,在0~3 s范围内,残差均方根的均值由反演前的1.09 s降低到反演后的0.52 s;地震走时残差在±2 s范围内,残差均值由反演前的-0.33 s降低到反演后的0.02 s。均值减小,表明经过多次优化迭代后的地壳速度结构模型的准确性得到提高,为分析地震与断裂之间的关系提供了高质量数据基础。
图 9为5~40 km深度P波速度扰动分布。波形互相关是一种高精度的地震分析技术,采用双差定位并结合波形互相关对研究区的地震进行重定位,可进一步提高地震定位精度,重定位后的地震更紧密地集中在断层附近,在5~10 km深度速度结构中,晋中、唐山、大同和乌兰察布等断裂带地区为高速异常,且唐山断裂带东侧地震更集中,可能有隐伏断层[14],这些高速带可能代表了更坚硬、更具承载能力的地壳块体,能够积累大量应力。相比之下,华北平原为低速区,特别是在衡水、沧州和秦皇岛地区,表明存在沉积盆地和更具延展性的地壳物质。这些对比鲜明的速度带形成了力学不连续性,可能促进应力集中和地震成核;在15~20 km深度速度结构中,邢台、邯郸和唐山地区处在高-低速过渡区域,易发生地震,主要受到邯郸断裂、唐山断裂、隆尧断裂、新河断裂等影响,大同-朔州-忻州-太原-晋中等处在地震密集区,主要是受到山西地震带、晋中地震带和太行山前断裂带的影响,燕山构造带的速度结构整体偏高;在30~40 km深度速度结构中,张家口-北京-唐山地震带沿主要速度边界清晰排列,显示了深部地壳结构对地震分布的控制作用, 速度结构表现出更高的复杂性。在壳幔结合处,地震发生频率有所降低, 分辨率较低,精细度不高,会影响高速和低速异常的空间范围。多个高速和低速域反映了下地壳成分和流变学的变化, 东部呈现低速扰动,上地壳高速异常可能反映断裂带内高强度岩石或岩浆侵入;华北平原低速区暗示地壳熔融或流体富集;中下地壳高速带可能为拆沉作用残留体。东部深部低速扰动与太平洋板块俯冲诱导的软流圈上涌相关。速度结构横向非均匀性揭示了克拉通破坏的时空差异,地震活动受控于高低速过渡带的应力积累机制。
为进一步研究速度结构和地震活动之间的关系,在图 2中地震较为密集的区域设置了4条剖线,得到4条横剖面的速度结构,呈现横向非均匀性,揭示了克拉通破坏的时空差异,地震活动受控于高低速过渡带的应力积累机制,具体见图 10。
剖面A(晋中断裂带)中上地壳高速异常与地震丛集吻合,在大同火山群地质区域,低速异常明显,该地区热-化学物质侵蚀较多,符合低速异常的特征, 与殷伟伟等[15]的研究结果一致;剖面B(燕山构造带)揭示岩石圈厚度突变(与杨婷等[16]结果一致),太行山-燕山山脉呈现低速异常与高速异常相互交替,应力不稳定,地震集群较多,表明该地区地壳结构各向异常,马驭舟等[17]对燕山地区的锆石U-Pb进行年龄测定,推断出该地区克拉通已产生明显的拉张性疏离,燕山构造带与平原区的速度差异印证了克拉通破坏的复杂性;剖面C(唐山断裂带)在深度10~15 km处有2处低速异常区,其中右侧为唐山-古冶断裂带和陡河断裂带,地震群聚集在高速与低速过渡区,该区域多次发生强震,如2020年古冶M5.1地震,和郭蕾等[18]地震重定位研究一致;剖面D(邢台-邯郸断裂带)在中下地壳,地震较为集中,呈线条形状排列,可能是拆沉作用导致的结果。拆沉作用是某处区域的密度明显高于周围的岩石圈,因重力失稳,从岩石圈底部脱离下沉,在下沉过程中,与周围岩体发生摩擦,进而发生地震,解释了地震呈线性排列的原因。高速区域可能为拆沉残留体,岩石学已有证明:刘璐璐等[2]在邯郸-邢台地区研究坦岭杂岩体时发现,在7 Ma的时间内被抬升约5 km,表明拆沉作用是岩石圈减薄的一个重要机制。由于存在拆沉作用,表明这个区域具有较高的重力,密度更大,弹性模量也会更大,这样地震波的速度也会更大,就会形成一个高速异常区域。
基于双差层析成像方法,本文利用华北克拉通中东部地区固定地震台站记录的P波走时数据,反演该区域地壳三维速度结构,并探讨地震活动与地壳结构的内在关联。主要结论如下:
1) 经过双差反演,地震走时残差均方根的均值由1.09 s降至0.52 s,残差均值由-0.33 s降至0.02 s,表明速度模型经过优化迭代后,更精准可靠。通过双差定位并结合波形互相关对研究区的地震进行重定位,重定位后的地震更紧密地集中在断层附近,表明地震活动与区域断裂构造的空间展布具有高度相关性。地震多集中于高速异常区与低速异常区的过渡带,反映断裂带两侧物理性质的差异及应力积累可能是触发地震的关键因素。
2) 山西大同火山断陷盆地,低速显著异常,是因为该地区受到热-化学物质侵蚀,导致地壳结构不稳定,地震发生较多;燕山断裂带、唐山断裂带等地震高发区普遍存在高-低速异常,地震多发生在高低速过渡区;邯郸-邢台断裂带可能是拆沉作用的残留体。
3) 进一步揭示了克拉通破坏的时空非均匀性。太行山隆起带和华北克拉通东部地区是2个显著的构造带,均受到太平洋板块俯冲的影响导致岩石圈发生挤压变形、伸展减薄,并与岩石圈的上地幔的拆沉作用有密切关系。拆沉作用导致地幔物质上升。如在太行山隆起地区的邯郸武安,在加厚的地壳处发现的洪山碱性杂岩体,却出现地幔同位素印记,表明太行山地区发生热-化学作用,导致同位素上移,印证了华北克拉通深部岩浆上涌,发生热-化学作用导致岩石圈减薄。同样在河北邯郸武安发现坦岭杂岩体,该岩石被抬升了5 km, 可能是拆沉作用导致岩石圈局部隆起造成的。而华北克拉通东部地区受到太平洋板块俯冲的影响导致岩石圈发生挤压变形、伸展减薄,发生热侵蚀和拆沉作用,其低速区则与徐小兵等[4]提出的太平洋板块俯冲诱导的非均匀性模型相吻合,他认为华北克拉通东部的破坏是太平洋板块俯冲和部分熔融体上升导致内部速度较低、空间薄弱共同造成的;宗克清等[19]认为,华北克拉通东部岩石圈的碳酸盐熔体-橄榄岩是地幔能够被破坏的重要前提条件,地壳物质的碳酸盐熔体对地幔发生了交代改造作用;翟明国等[20]认为,华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄,是下地壳发生了一定程度的减薄和拆沉,大量高锶花岗岩从古老的下地壳熔出,需要一个地幔上涌侵蚀过程,残留物可能是榴辉岩和石榴角闪岩。部分区域密度较大,从而下沉到软流圈地幔,并分化地幔,从而导致华北东部岩石圈减薄。因此东部地区的热侵蚀和拆沉作用是中生代下地壳减薄的重要机制;吴福元等[21]对华北克拉通破坏的众多观点进行总结,认为是多种原因导致的,如拆沉作用、热侵蚀作用、地幔柱作用等。
4) 受限于东南部边缘台站覆盖不足,该地区分辨率存在空间差异,需结合更多测震台和流动台站数据完善的模型。此外,克拉通破坏的动力学过程仍需通过多学科交叉研究,如地球化学、岩石学和三维数值模拟等,进一步验证分析。
  • 河北省地震科技星火计划(DZ2023120700006)
  • 河北省地震科技星火计划(DZ2024111400001)
  • 河北省地震科技星火计划(DZ2024112100001)
  • 贺州学院博士科研启动基金(2023BSQD01)
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2025年第45卷第9期
42
17
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.062
  • 接收时间:2025-03-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04
基金
The Earthquake Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(DZ2023120700006)
河北省地震科技星火计划(DZ2023120700006)
The Earthquake Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(DZ2024111400001)
河北省地震科技星火计划(DZ2024111400001)
The Earthquake Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(DZ2024112100001)
河北省地震科技星火计划(DZ2024112100001)
Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Hezhou University(2023BSQD01)
贺州学院博士科研启动基金(2023BSQD01)
作者信息
    1 河北省地震局,石家庄市槐中路262号,050021
    2 河北红山巨厚沉积与地震灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,河北省邢台市泉北西大街1540号,054000
    3 贺州学院人工智能学院,广西壮族自治区贺州市潇贺大道3261号,542899

通讯作者:

王亮,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为地震学,E-mail:

WANG Liang, PhD, lecturer, majors in seismology, E-mail:

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2025.03.062
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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