Article(id=1322506548220379218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506406058635943, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.568, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734451200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239732078, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1763136000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239732078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239732078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239732078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506406058635943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1210', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1763136000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239698184, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239698184, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1200, endPage=1203, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506548413317203, articleId=1322506548220379218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=The Basic Application of MATLAB in Analyzing the Observational Data of Underground Fluid(Ⅲ), columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The convolution regression calculation of pressure effect on well water level is carried out using MATLAB, and the pressure step response function of well water level is obtained. By calculating the determination coefficient fitted by pressure step response function and comparing the AIC value, the time interval and maximum time delay parameters in calculation process can be determined. Combining with other existing research results, preliminary judgments and even quantitative calculations of aquifer parameters of observation well can be made.

, authors=Anhua HE1, 2, Fei LIANG3, Yongdong YUAN3, authorsList=Anhua HE, Fei LIANG, Yongdong YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

HE Anhua, researcher, majors in earthquake precursor observation technology and theory, E-mail: .

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506551223500893, articleId=1322506548220379218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=MATLAB在地下流体数据分析中的基础应用(Ⅲ), columnId=1322506256904994864, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=观测技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

使用MATLAB软件进行井水位气压效应的卷积回归计算, 得到井水位的气压阶跃响应函数。通过计算气压阶跃响应函数拟合的决定系数, 比较AIC值大小, 确定回归计算参数(如时间间隔大小、最大时延)。本文计算结果结合其他已有研究成果, 可对观测井含水层参数进行初步判断, 甚至量化计算。

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何案华, 研究员, 主要从事地震前兆观测技术与理论研究, E-mail:

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HE Anhua, researcher, majors in earthquake precursor observation technology and theory, E-mail: .

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Optimal parameters statistics for different time intervals and maximum time delays

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
nInterval/min maxDelay=20 maxDelay=25 maxDelay=30
Radj2 AICc Radj2 AICc Radj2 AICc
1 0.995 4 -416 444 0.995 6 -413 085 0.995 1 -404 496
2 0.996 0 -441 753 0.995 6 -433 573 0.994 4 -422 405
3 0.990 6 -417 323 0.989 3 -409 610 0.987 3 -401 087
4 0.984 2 -404 817 0.978 4 -389 293 0.963 2 -363 287
), ArticleFig(id=1322506556445409417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506548220379218, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同时间间隔和最大时延的最佳参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
nInterval/min maxDelay=20 maxDelay=25 maxDelay=30
Radj2 AICc Radj2 AICc Radj2 AICc
1 0.995 4 -416 444 0.995 6 -413 085 0.995 1 -404 496
2 0.996 0 -441 753 0.995 6 -433 573 0.994 4 -422 405
3 0.990 6 -417 323 0.989 3 -409 610 0.987 3 -401 087
4 0.984 2 -404 817 0.978 4 -389 293 0.963 2 -363 287
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MATLAB在地下流体数据分析中的基础应用(Ⅲ)
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MATLAB在地下流体数据分析中的基础应用(Ⅲ)
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何案华1, 2 , 梁飞3, 原永东3
作者信息
  • 1 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 北京市安宁庄路1号, 100085
  • 2 吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院, 长春市民主大街938号, 130026
  • 3 广西壮族自治区地震局, 南宁市古城路33号, 530022
作者简介:

何案华, 研究员, 主要从事地震前兆观测技术与理论研究, E-mail:

The Basic Application of MATLAB in Analyzing the Observational Data of Underground Fluid(Ⅲ)
Anhua HE1, 2 , Fei LIANG3, Yongdong YUAN3
Affiliations
  • 1 National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEM, 1 Anningzhuang Road, Beijing 100085, China
  • 2 College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, 938 Minzhu Street, Changchun 130026, China
  • 3 Earthquake Agency of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 33 Gucheng Road, Nanning 530022, China
  • HE Anhua, researcher, majors in earthquake precursor observation technology and theory, E-mail: .

出版时间: 2025-11-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.568
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使用MATLAB软件进行井水位气压效应的卷积回归计算, 得到井水位的气压阶跃响应函数。通过计算气压阶跃响应函数拟合的决定系数, 比较AIC值大小, 确定回归计算参数(如时间间隔大小、最大时延)。本文计算结果结合其他已有研究成果, 可对观测井含水层参数进行初步判断, 甚至量化计算。

井水位  /  气压效应  /  脉冲响应  /  含水层参数

The convolution regression calculation of pressure effect on well water level is carried out using MATLAB, and the pressure step response function of well water level is obtained. By calculating the determination coefficient fitted by pressure step response function and comparing the AIC value, the time interval and maximum time delay parameters in calculation process can be determined. Combining with other existing research results, preliminary judgments and even quantitative calculations of aquifer parameters of observation well can be made.

well water level  /  pressure effect  /  pulse response  /  aquifer parameters
何案华, 梁飞, 原永东. MATLAB在地下流体数据分析中的基础应用(Ⅲ). 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (11) : 1200 -1203 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.568
Anhua HE, Fei LIANG, Yongdong YUAN. The Basic Application of MATLAB in Analyzing the Observational Data of Underground Fluid(Ⅲ)[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (11) : 1200 -1203 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.568
井水位变化受多种因素影响,其中气压效应是重要的驱动因素之一。气压变化会引起含水层的压缩或膨胀,从而导致井水位产生波动。研究井水位对气压的响应关系,不仅有助于理解含水层的动态特性,还能为含水层参数的估算提供重要的理论依据[1]。近年来,卷积回归方法因其在处理非线性关系和时间序列数据方面的优势,逐渐被应用于井水位气压效应分析中[2]。卷积回归方法能够提取井水位的气压阶跃响应函数,从而量化气压对井水位的影响程度。刘伟等[3]使用Clark方法、Rahi方法、回归反卷积法和Acworth方法计算井水位气压效率,结果表明,回归反卷积法考虑了井水位随气压变化的滞后响应,在计算过程中添加潮汐分量后,可得到清晰的井水位受气压干扰的阶跃响应过程。丁风和等[4]采用可考虑水位与气压间的非线性关系及滞后时间的卷积回归法,通过引入井水位对气压的阶跃响应函数,利用相应的水位和气压数据拟合出阶跃响应函数的最佳值,然后由该最佳阶跃响应函数对水位进行校正,若将固体潮因素考虑在内,则可同时校正观测井水位数据中的气压和固体潮。该方法的优点在于能够综合考虑气压变化的时空效应,并通过对响应函数的分析,揭示含水层的物理特性。此外,决定系数(R2)和赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion, AIC)的引入,可为优化计算过程中的时间间隔参数提供有效的评估指标[5]。
本研究基于MATLAB平台,采用卷积回归方法计算井水位的气压阶跃响应函数,并通过分析决定系数和AIC值,确定最优的时间间隔参数。结合已有研究成果,本文将进一步探讨井水位气压响应函数在含水层参数估算中的应用,为水文地质研究提供新的技术手段。
井水位卷积回归计算过程如下[2, 6]:
$\Delta W(t)=\sum\limits_{i=0}^m \alpha(i) \Delta B(t-i)$
式中,ΔW(t)表示t时刻的水位变化量;ΔB(t-i)表示t时刻前i个时间步长的气压变化量;α(i)表示ΔB(t-i)的单位响应函数;m表示最大时滞。
计算得到α(i)后,即可得到气压阶跃响应函数:
$A(i)=\sum\limits_{j=1}^i \alpha(j)$
在消除气压干扰时,可按如下方式计算井水位气压修正值:
$\begin{array}{c}\left[\begin{array}{c}w_m^* \\w_{m+1}^* \\w_{m+2}^* \\\vdots \\w_n^*\end{array}\right]=\\\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}\Delta B_1 & \Delta B_2 & \Delta B_3 & \cdots & \Delta B_m \\\Delta B_2 & \Delta B_3 & \Delta B_4 & \cdots & \Delta B_{m+1} \\\Delta B_3 & \Delta B_4 & \Delta B_5 & \cdots & \Delta B_{m+2} \\\vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\\Delta B_{n-m+1} & \Delta B_{n-m+2} & \Delta B_{n-m+3} & \cdots & \Delta B_n\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}\alpha_1 \\\alpha_2 \\\alpha_3 \\\vdots \\\alpha_m\end{array}\right]\end{array}$
为更直观地体现井水位气压响应过程以及气压因子大小,本文对以往方法进行改良,不对阶跃响应函数进行归一化处理,而是直接对A(i)进行曲线拟合,其拟合公式为以e为底的指数函数[3-4],且拟合得到的系数与含水层参数、井孔参数等有关。通过拟合系数对井-含水层参数进行计算或推演,其正确与否取决于拟合系数是否正确,归根结底即A(i)计算结果是否正确。但A(i)计算结果正确与否无法通过正演进行验证,只能通过一定的方法对拟合结果进行判定。一般认为,拟合结果最理想的,可认为是最接近实际过程的曲线[7]。
本文引入2种计算方法对拟合结果进行判定,进而选取最佳的计算过程。其一是调整决定系数,计算公式为:
$R_{\mathrm{adj}}^2=1-\left(\frac{n-1}{n-p-1}\right) \frac{\mathrm{SSE}}{\mathrm{SST}}$
式中,SST=SSR+SSE,其中SST为总平方和,SSR为回归平方和,SSE为残差平方和;n为样本量;p为解释变量的个数。Radj2可直观地对拟合优度进行判定,能反映模型对数据的解释能力,但其缺点是可能会高估拟合程度。
其二是采用AIC准则[8]。AIC在评估模型时可同时考虑模型对数据的拟合程度和模型的复杂程度,避免选择过于复杂的模型,有助于平衡拟合优度和模型简洁性。修改的AIC值表达式为:
$\mathrm{AIC}_c=\mathrm{AIC}+\frac{2 k(k+1)}{n-k-1}$
$\mathrm{AIC}=2 k-2 \ln (L)$
式中,k为模型参数数量;n为观测数据总数;L为模型似然函数。当样本数量n增大时,AICc会逐渐接近原始的AIC值,使其适用于各种样本规模。AICc值也可表示为[9]:
$\mathrm{AIC}_c=\ln \left(\frac{\mathrm{SSR}}{n}\right)+\frac{n+k}{n-k-2}$
本文采用田东平1井观测站(107.12°E, 23.35°N)的井水位和气压观测数据,观测时间段为2022-01-02—02-01。图 1为该台站原始水位观测数据、体应变理论固体潮汐数据和气压观测数据。
井水位气压效应卷积回归计算及分析过程如图 2所示,其中数据准备、理论固体潮汐计算等可参考以往研究方法[10-11]。
井水位气压效应卷积回归计算的MATLAB代码如下:
%数据准备,预置参数;时间间隔和最大时延单位为min
load 45025.mat;
nInterval=1; %单位为min
maxDelay=25; %表示最长多少个nInterval单位
%建立自变量数据矩阵
nstart=round((datenum(2022, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0)-dates(1))*1 440)+1;
nend=round((datenum(2022, 2, 2, 23, 59, 59)-dates(1))*1 440);
dtemp=dates(nstart: nend);
swtemp=sworg(nstart: nend)-sworg(nstart-nInterval: nend-nInterval);
qytemp=qyorg(nstart: nend)-qyorg(nstart-nInterval: nend-nInterval);
x=[];
%包含潮汐分量
x=[x tdorg(nstart: nend)-tdorg(nstart-nInterval: nend-nInterval)];
%包含气压分量
for i=0:maxDelay
   x=[x qyorg(nstart-i*nInterval: nend-i*nInterval)-qyorg(nstart-nInterval-i*nInterval: nend-nInterval-i*nInterval)];
end
%卷积回归,得到潮汐因子与气压因子;为显示方便,扩大1 000倍,即单位由m变为mm
mdl=fitlm(x, swtemp);
a=table 2array(mdl.Coefficients);
tdfactor=a(2, 1)*1 000;
qyfactor=a(3:end, 1)*1 000;
%计算气压阶跃响应
brf=cumsum(qyfactor);
%对气压阶跃响应进行指数拟合,并计算Radj2和AICc值
a1=[-5 0 5];
[a, ~, resnorm]=lsqcurvefit('myfit', a1, n, brf');
f=a(1)*exp(a(2)*n)+a(3);
ysse=sse(f-brf');
ysst=sum((brf-mean(brf))∧2);
rsq_adj=1-ysse/ysst*(length(brf)-1)/(length(brf)-2);
k=length(a);
nlen=length(swtemp);
AICc=nlen*(log(2*pi*ysse/nlen)+1)+2*k*nlen/(nlen-k-1);
function[f]=myfit(a, x)
   f=a(1)*exp(a(2)*x)+a(3);
end
田东平1井观测站为分钟值数据,采用卷积回归进行分析,时间间隔取2 min,最大时延取20个时间间隔单位时,计算结果如图 3所示。
计算得到Radj2=0.996 0,AICc=-441 753。据此对时间间隔等参数进行调整,分别对Radj2与AICc值进行比对(表 1),以确定最佳参数。
通过比较可知,nInterval=2 min, maxDelay=20时AICc值最小。在该参数值下得到的拟合曲线为:
$y=-9.86 * \exp (-0.48 * t)+7.276$
潮汐因子大小为0.579×10-9 mm。利用卷积回归得到的潮汐因子和气压因子进行潮汐与气压干扰剔除,结果如图 4中红线所示。
利用MATLAB对井水位气压效应进行卷积回归计算及分析,根据Radj2与AICc值对模型参数进行比对,进而确定与井孔相对应的最佳匹配参数,可为利用井水位气压效应进行井-含水层参数的量化分析与计算提供参考。本文暂未考虑潮汐因子的时滞,从已有文献来看,井水位潮汐响应几乎无时滞问题,故暂未分析。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41772256)
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2025年第45卷第11期
30
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.568
  • 接收时间:2024-12-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41772256)
国家自然科学基金(41772256)
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    1 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 北京市安宁庄路1号, 100085
    2 吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院, 长春市民主大街938号, 130026
    3 广西壮族自治区地震局, 南宁市古城路33号, 530022
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.12.568
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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