Article(id=1322506445191496062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506335908901129, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.470, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728662400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239707515, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1760457600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239707515, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239707515, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239707515, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506335908901129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='991', pageEnd='1100', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760457600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239681460, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793244369709, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322525999896576487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506335908901129, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322525999896576488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506335908901129, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1071, endPage=1078, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506445359268223, articleId=1322506445191496062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Advantageous Azimuth Characteristics of Geoelectric Fields in Shandong Region, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article utilizes observational data from seven geoelectric field stations in the Shandong region starting in 2021. It determines the dominant azimuth angle α of the geoelectric field using a geoelectric rock mass fracture model. The jumping range Δα did not meet the criteria for judgment and did not meet the abnormal indicators. According to the prediction rules of this method, it is analyzed that the probability of a moderate to strong earthquake occurring in Shandong region in the near future is not high. Based on the analysis of the development of rock fractures in the site reflected by the advantageous azimuth results, the results show that the rock fractures in Heze station located on the east side of the Liaokao fault zone and Zoucheng station located between the Cangshan-Nishan fault zone and Fushan fault zone are in the generation stage, which is a common background for the development of small and medium-sized earthquakes area. The rock fractures of Anqiu station and Lingyang station located in the northern section of the Yishu fault zone and Rushan station on the east side of the Muping-Jimo fault zone are in the stage of development or growth, which is in line with the background of nurturing moderate to strong earthquakes and deserves special attention.

, authors=Xiaona DONG1, Yiliang GUAN1, Qinglin WANG1, Tingmei TANG1, Jihong ZHANG1, Jie MIAO1, *, authorsList=Xiaona DONG, Yiliang GUAN, Qinglin WANG, Tingmei TANG, Jihong ZHANG, Jie MIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie MIAO, authorNote=

DONG Xiaona, senior engineer, majors in electromagnetic monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506452653162917, articleId=1322506445191496062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=山东地区大地电场优势方位角特征分析, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

使用山东地区7个地电场台站2021年以来的观测数据,基于大地电场岩体裂隙模型计算大地电场优势方位角α,其跳动范围Δα均未出现异常判定标准中的情况,不满足异常指标。根据本文方法的预测规则,分析认为山东地区近期发生中强地震的概率较小。结合优势方位角特征反映出的场地岩体裂隙发育情况进行进一步分析,结果表明,位于聊考断裂带东侧的菏泽台和位于苍山-尼山断裂带与凫山断裂带之间的邹城台岩体裂隙处于生成阶段,符合孕育中小地震的背景;位于沂沭断裂带北段的安丘台和陵阳台及位于牟平-即墨断裂带东侧的乳山台岩体裂隙处于发育好或长大阶段,符合孕育中强地震的背景,值得重点关注。

, authors=董晓娜1, 管贻亮1, 王庆林1, 唐廷梅1, 张继红1, 缪杰1, *, authorsList=董晓娜, 管贻亮, 王庆林, 唐廷梅, 张继红, 缪杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=缪杰, authorNote=

董晓娜,高级工程师,主要从事电磁监测与预测研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

缪杰,博士生,工程师,主要从事电磁监测与预测研究,E-mail:

MIAO Jie, PhD candidate, engineer, majors in electromagnetic monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506466561475055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506445191496062, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=The advantageous azimuth of geoelectric field at Rushan station, figureFileSmall=9AfT5rglRiUuMR5UTZXlhA==, figureFileBig=YKDllhWeERSyaDQMb2sB+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506466662138352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506445191496062, language=CN, label=图11, caption=乳山台地电场优势方位角, figureFileSmall=9AfT5rglRiUuMR5UTZXlhA==, figureFileBig=YKDllhWeERSyaDQMb2sB+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506466729247217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506445191496062, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The information of geoelectric field observation in Shandong region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站 断裂带位置 仪器型号 启用时间 布极类型 O1A1=O1B1 02A2=O2B2 干扰源
马陵山台 沂沭断裂带南段,跨安丘-莒县断裂东侧 ZD9A-Ⅱ 2006-07 307 170
安丘台 沂沭断裂带北段,在安丘-莒县断裂附近 GEF-Ⅱ 1998-06 315 136 距离青岛地铁13号线约108 km
陵阳台 昌邑-大店断裂带与陵阳-葛河断裂交界 DCY-1 2006-09 310 180 距离青岛地铁13号线约90 km
大山台 新生代沉降带埕宁隆起 GEF-Ⅱ 2006-11 400 200
菏泽台 聊考断裂带东侧 GEF-Ⅱ 2008-03 350 200
乳山台 牟平-乳山断裂与海阳断裂以东 DCY-1 2023-01迁建新址 360 240 距离青岛地铁11号线约75 km
邹城台 尼山、峄山断裂和凫山断裂之间 DCY-1 2006-08 306 180
), ArticleFig(id=1322506466792161778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506445191496062, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

山东地区地电场观测信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
台站 断裂带位置 仪器型号 启用时间 布极类型 O1A1=O1B1 02A2=O2B2 干扰源
马陵山台 沂沭断裂带南段,跨安丘-莒县断裂东侧 ZD9A-Ⅱ 2006-07 307 170
安丘台 沂沭断裂带北段,在安丘-莒县断裂附近 GEF-Ⅱ 1998-06 315 136 距离青岛地铁13号线约108 km
陵阳台 昌邑-大店断裂带与陵阳-葛河断裂交界 DCY-1 2006-09 310 180 距离青岛地铁13号线约90 km
大山台 新生代沉降带埕宁隆起 GEF-Ⅱ 2006-11 400 200
菏泽台 聊考断裂带东侧 GEF-Ⅱ 2008-03 350 200
乳山台 牟平-乳山断裂与海阳断裂以东 DCY-1 2023-01迁建新址 360 240 距离青岛地铁11号线约75 km
邹城台 尼山、峄山断裂和凫山断裂之间 DCY-1 2006-08 306 180
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山东地区大地电场优势方位角特征分析
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董晓娜 1 , 管贻亮 1 , 王庆林 1 , 唐廷梅 1 , 张继红 1 , 缪杰 1, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(10): 1071-1078
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (10) : 1071 -1078
山东地区大地电场优势方位角特征分析
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董晓娜1 , 管贻亮1, 王庆林1, 唐廷梅1, 张继红1, 缪杰1, *
作者信息
  • 1 山东省地震局,济南市港西路2066号,250102
通讯作者:

缪杰,博士生,工程师,主要从事电磁监测与预测研究,E-mail:

MIAO Jie, PhD candidate, engineer, majors in electromagnetic monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

作者简介:

董晓娜,高级工程师,主要从事电磁监测与预测研究,E-mail:

Advantageous Azimuth Characteristics of Geoelectric Fields in Shandong Region
Xiaona DONG1 , Yiliang GUAN1, Qinglin WANG1, Tingmei TANG1, Jihong ZHANG1, Jie MIAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Shandong Earthquake Agency, 2066 Gangxi Road, Jinan 250102, China
  • DONG Xiaona, senior engineer, majors in electromagnetic monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-10-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.470
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使用山东地区7个地电场台站2021年以来的观测数据,基于大地电场岩体裂隙模型计算大地电场优势方位角α,其跳动范围Δα均未出现异常判定标准中的情况,不满足异常指标。根据本文方法的预测规则,分析认为山东地区近期发生中强地震的概率较小。结合优势方位角特征反映出的场地岩体裂隙发育情况进行进一步分析,结果表明,位于聊考断裂带东侧的菏泽台和位于苍山-尼山断裂带与凫山断裂带之间的邹城台岩体裂隙处于生成阶段,符合孕育中小地震的背景;位于沂沭断裂带北段的安丘台和陵阳台及位于牟平-即墨断裂带东侧的乳山台岩体裂隙处于发育好或长大阶段,符合孕育中强地震的背景,值得重点关注。

地电场  /  优势方位角  /  特征分析  /  山东地区  /  地震

This article utilizes observational data from seven geoelectric field stations in the Shandong region starting in 2021. It determines the dominant azimuth angle α of the geoelectric field using a geoelectric rock mass fracture model. The jumping range Δα did not meet the criteria for judgment and did not meet the abnormal indicators. According to the prediction rules of this method, it is analyzed that the probability of a moderate to strong earthquake occurring in Shandong region in the near future is not high. Based on the analysis of the development of rock fractures in the site reflected by the advantageous azimuth results, the results show that the rock fractures in Heze station located on the east side of the Liaokao fault zone and Zoucheng station located between the Cangshan-Nishan fault zone and Fushan fault zone are in the generation stage, which is a common background for the development of small and medium-sized earthquakes area. The rock fractures of Anqiu station and Lingyang station located in the northern section of the Yishu fault zone and Rushan station on the east side of the Muping-Jimo fault zone are in the stage of development or growth, which is in line with the background of nurturing moderate to strong earthquakes and deserves special attention.

geoelectric field  /  advantageous azimuth angle  /  feature analysis  /  Shangdong region  /  earthquake
董晓娜, 管贻亮, 王庆林, 唐廷梅, 张继红, 缪杰. 山东地区大地电场优势方位角特征分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (10) : 1071 -1078 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.470
Xiaona DONG, Yiliang GUAN, Qinglin WANG, Tingmei TANG, Jihong ZHANG, Jie MIAO. Advantageous Azimuth Characteristics of Geoelectric Fields in Shandong Region[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (10) : 1071 -1078 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.470
地电场是地球表面天然存在的矢量场,也是重要的地球物理场之一,根据其场源不同,可分为大地电场和自然电场[1]。其中,大地电场来源于地球外部的各种场源在地表感应产生的变化电场,一般分布于整个地表或较大区域,具有广域性;自然电场来源于地下场源,是地下介质的物理、化学变化产生的局部性变化电场,具有地域性。地震孕育过程中,随着应力的不断加载,地壳介质的电性结构会发生相应变化,观测到的地电场也会发生变化。
地震前地电场的异常信息源于应力加载导致岩石破裂产生的电磁辐射。近年来,大地电场逐步成为地震预测研究的焦点。在时域研究中,学者们主要关注地电场的时间和空间变化特征,包括日变化波形的周期、幅度、形态、畸变、成因及其变化规律[2-7]等;在频域,研究主要集中在大地电场主要谐波的周期、特征、功率谱密度及能量[8-12]等。在物理模型探索方面,谭大诚等[13]基于大地电场的潮汐机理,通过将源于空间电流系和潮汐作用的大地电场与岩体裂隙结构相联系的思路[14-16],创建了大地电场岩体裂隙模型[16],并提出地电场优势方位角分析方法[11-17]。该方法综合应用了数学和信号处理等手段,结合地震电磁物理过程分析方法,初步建立了明确的异常判定和预测规则,并在实际地震预测工作中得到广泛应用[18-22],具有一定的抗干扰性[18],逐渐成为利用地电场预测地震的主要方法之一。
本文使用2021年以来山东地区7个地电场台站的观测数据,基于大地电场岩体裂隙模型,计算大地电场优势方位角,并结合该方法的异常判定和预测规则,分析山东地区大地电场优势方位角特征,为该地区震情跟踪提供依据。
山东地区7个地电场观测台均位于断裂带附近,空间分布见图 1。沂沭断裂带电性结构复杂,具有中强地震的孕震环境[23]。为加强研究区的地震监测能力,由北至南布设了安丘、陵阳和马陵山3个台站,鲁西南地区布设了菏泽和邹城2个台站,其中菏泽台位于鲁西南平原,紧邻聊考断裂带;邹城台位于尼山-峄山断裂带附近。另外,鲁北地区的大山台地处新生代沉降带埕宁隆起;胶东地区的乳山台地处牟平-即墨断裂带附近。7个台观的观测仪器均使用数字化地电场仪,型号包括ZD9A-Ⅱ、GEF-Ⅱ和DCY-1,7个台站都采用双“L”型布极方式,在测区内布设NS向、EW向及斜(NE或NW)向3个观测方向,长、短极距比为2 ∶1~1.5 ∶1,长极距一般要求大于300 m。台站的具体信息见表 1。
地壳中岩体内存在含水裂隙,裂隙水中的电荷每天沿裂隙往返渗流或移动,是大地电场日变化的主要成因。研究表明,地电场日变化形态主要有近直线型、峰-谷型、无序变化型和混合型4种[13-14],其中峰-谷型地电场又被称为潮汐地电场,分为TGF-A型和TGF-B型2种。TGF-A型地电场主要源于固体潮,一般在海洋或湖泊、河流附近或剧烈构造活动地区出现较多;TGF-B型地电场源于空间电离层的电流系作用,一般在平原或构造活动较平稳地区出现较多。对于没有明显变化规律的地电场形态,可能的影响因素较多,如观测环境、观测仪器的工作状态、观测装置的稳定性、地下结构变化等。
目前观测的地电场E包括3个部分:大地电场ET、自然电场ESP及干扰成分Er。
$E=E_T+E_{\mathrm{SP}}+E_r$
大地电场前10阶谐波周期值是确定的,那么1 d中1 440 min的地电场之和基本能消除大地电场的影响[14],故ESP、Er之和的均值为:
$\overline{E_{\mathrm{SP}}+E_r} \approx \frac{1}{1440} \times \sum\limits_{i=0}^{1439} E$
若观测场地环境良好,电磁干扰较小,大地电场可视为白噪声类干扰,则式(2)中Er可忽略不计。那么,当自然电场稳定时,ESP与均值ESP基本相同,故:
$E_{\mathrm{SP}} \approx \overline{E_{\mathrm{SP}}} \approx \frac{1}{1440} \times \sum\limits_{i=0}^{1439} E$
则大地电场ET为:
$E_T \approx E-E_{\mathrm{SP}}$
谐波拟合的结果表明,大地电场的日变波总体上可由同一天前10阶谐波构成[16]。设AT为前10阶谐波振幅和,则大地电场ET的潮汐波观测振幅可由AT来表示。其中,Ai为第i阶谐波振幅,AT可表示为:
$A_T=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{10} A_i$
地电场优势方位角方法依据大地电场岩体裂隙模型,通过计算大地电场方位角得到介质岩体裂隙结构随时间的变化,从而判断该地区是否处于临震状态。以地电场观测中NS和NE向为例,当两者相关性较高时,大地电场优势方位角α的计算公式为:
$\alpha=180^{\circ}-\left(\frac{180^{\circ}}{\pi}\right) \times \arctan \left(\sqrt{2} \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{10} A_{\mathrm{NE}(i)}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{10} A_{\mathrm{NS}(i)}}-1\right)$
式中,ANS(i)、ANE(i)分别为NS和NE向第i阶潮汐谐波振幅。使用该方法计算大地电场优势方位角,可规避自然电场ESP和高频干扰Er带来的影响。
对于一个数据序列yt(时间序列总个数为n),数学上可表示为:
$y_t=\bar{y}+\sum\limits_{k=1}^{\frac{n}{2}}\left[a_i \cos \left(\frac{2 \pi i t}{n}\right)+b_i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi i t}{n}\right)\right]$
其中,系数ai、bi为:
$a_i=\frac{2}{n} \sum\limits_{t=1}^n y_t \cos \left(\frac{2 \pi i t}{n}\right)$
$b_i=\frac{2}{n} \sum\limits_{t=1}^n y_t \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi i t}{n}\right)$
由此可得,谐波振幅Ai的计算公式为:
$A_i=\sqrt{a_i^2+b_i^2}$
数据源为山东地区7个台站的地电场预处理数据。对于个别缺测数据,用相邻的有效数据填补。若某天缺数或重复数据累积超过100 min,则当天数据不参与计算。
1) 相关系数。选取地电场不同方向的长极距或短极距观测数据,计算各方向数据的相关系数。
2) 计算潮汐谐波振幅。使用式(7)~式(10),对不同方向的地电场观测数据分别进行快速傅里叶变换,得到周期为24 h、12 h、8 h、6 h、4.8 h、4 h、3.4 h、3 h、2.7 h、2.4 h的谐波振幅,代入式(5)计算前10阶谐波振幅和。
3) 计算优势方位角。使用相关系数最大的2个方向的谐波振幅并代入式(6),计算地电场优势方位角。详细计算过程见参考文献[24]。
地电场观测受干扰因素较多,如观测系统故障、雷雨、地电暴、地铁、高压直流输电及观测装置改造等,无论用哪种方法进行地电场分析,干扰总是不可避免的。对观测系统故障、维修调试、人为干扰等已知明确原因的错误数据及压制曲线形态的数据,按地电学科要求进行删除处理。对于地电扰动、地电暴、地铁、高压直流输电等引起的数据变化,按地电学科要求不做处理。
地电场优势方位角法先提取大地电场FFT前10阶频率固定的潮汐谐波,再计算2个方位谐波振幅和的比值,最终得出岩体裂隙优势方位角。研究表明,地电场优势方位角法在拟合分析和实际应用中均具有一定程度的抗干扰性,其计算结果受地铁运行、观测装置改造、空间电磁扰动、高压直流输电等影响较小[14, 24-25]。
以山东地区7个台站2024-08-19—23地电场预处理数据为例分析山东地区地电场日变化特征,结果见图 2~4。可以看出,08-19 06:06—06:58有地电扰动,Kmax=3,7个台站同步出现不同幅度的数据变化。
陵阳台地电场每日有比较规则的双峰-双谷变化形态,属于TGF-A型。受地铁运行影响(与干扰源距离见表 1),陵阳地电场观测数据每日05:30—23:50会出现噪声叠加,但日变形态仍可清晰呈现(图 2)。
马陵山、菏泽、大山、安丘和乳山等5个台站的地电场日变形态属TGF-B型,各台站日变形态在时间上具有较好的同步性(图 3)。基本上,各台站每天中午前后大约6 h数据呈近似正弦波形态,其他时段相对平静,变幅较小,连续多天的形态类似马鞍形,其中乳山台和安丘台地电场观测数据每日05:30—23:50有噪声叠加,受地铁运行影响(与干扰源距离见表 1),但仍有较清晰的日变形态。
邹城台地电场近几年日变化没有明显规律,呈无序变化型(图 4(a)),主要原因是观测装置运行时间较长,电极和外线路老化。该台于2024-09-29完成电极和外线路的更新改造,新电极稳定之后,观测数据恢复正常日变(图 4(b)),也属TGF-B型。
由此可见,从日变形态来看,山东地区7个地电场台站数据中有1个呈双峰-双谷形态,属TGF-A型;有5个呈相对稳定的近似梯形状,属TGF-B型;还有1个呈无序变化型,更新电极后恢复为TGF-B型。
正常情况下,将大地电场矢量呈现出的优势方向变化特征定义为地电场优势方位角的正常变化形态。岩石物理学研究认为,地壳原生岩石形成后,受构造应力的作用,岩体裂隙始终处于动态发展的过程[26]。按发展过程,岩体裂隙可分为生成、发育、长大、破碎4个阶段,其中生成阶段岩石结构较紧密,裂隙封闭、小且排列无序;发育阶段岩石结构开始变松,裂隙开始变大,排列接近有序;长大阶段岩石结构更松,裂隙更大,排列较有序;破碎阶段岩石结构松散,裂隙排列无序。
地壳岩体内部有很多裂隙,每个小裂隙均处于不同的发展状态。本文把裂隙复杂的动态过程视为许多个暂稳态合成,把每天的状态约定为一个暂稳态。构造应力作用影响着岩体裂隙结构的发展状态,可通过地电场优势方位角的变化过程推测地下岩体裂隙结构的发展状态。前人选取分布于中国大陆多个构造区域的60个地电场台站数据,计算了地电场优势方位角α,统计了优势方位角的跳变范围Δα,总结归纳[17, 24, 27]如下:
1) 当Δα≤10°时,地电场优势方位角的变化幅度非常小,表明裂隙结构排列有序;当Δα≤7°时,裂隙处于长大阶段;当Δα≤10°时,裂隙处于发育较好阶段,中强震震中附近出现岩体裂隙结构发育较好或长大阶段的几率较高。这类场地更容易在震前反映出岩体裂隙结构的异常变化[17],在统计台站中占26.7%。
2) 当10°<Δα≤50°时,地电场优势方位角变幅较大,其裂隙处于发育状态中,这类场地在统计台站中占58.3%。
3) 当Δα>50°时,地电场优势方位角变幅大,这基本是中小地震发生的常见背景,在统计台站中占15.0%。这种场地对应了2种可能的岩石裂隙结构:一种处于破碎阶段,结构松散,裂隙排列无序,裂隙水易受固体潮影响,地电场呈TGF-A型日变化形态;另一种处于生成阶段,结构紧密,小裂隙封闭,排列无序,裂隙水中电荷基本只受空间电磁场影响,地电场呈TGF-B型日变化形态。
使用山东地区7个地电场台站2021年以来的观测数据,基于大地电场岩体裂隙模型计算大地电场优势方位角,总结山东地区大地电场优势方位角的特征。
马陵山台位于沂沭断裂带南段,台基为破碎白垩系红色砂岩,是一种沉积岩,结构相对稳定,孔隙度较小,渗透性较低。由图 5可见,马陵山台大地电场优势方位角α基本在裂隙优势方位的±15°范围内变化,表明该测区裂隙发育程度不大、排列较有序,裂隙结构处于发育正常阶段。
安丘台位于沂沭断裂带北段,台基岩性为上白垩统王氏组褐色、紫红色砾砂岩。砾砂岩是一种特殊的沉积岩,结构相对复杂,是砂岩中混入了不同大小的砾石,填隙物主要是砂和泥。砂岩本身具有较好的层理结构,排列有序,混入砾石后孔隙度会在一定程度上变小,渗透率会变低。
由图 6可见,安丘台大地电场优势方位角α基本在裂隙优势方位的±3°范围内变化。优势方位角α的变化状态几乎呈直线,反映场地岩体裂隙处于扩展阶段。在以往的震例中,孕育中强地震的区域常见这种背景[17, 24, 27]。
菏泽台位于鲁西南平原、聊考断裂带的东侧,台基为第四纪松散沉积,沉积厚度约为900 m。沉积岩中的裂隙主要是由于构造应力、成岩及风化作用形成的,这些裂隙在岩石中呈现出大小不一、宽窄不均的特点。裂隙的分布不均匀,连通情况也各异,但裂隙结构在整体上是紧密的。
由图 7可见,菏泽台大地电场优势方位角α基本在裂隙优势方位的±45°范围内变化。其跳变范围Δα>50°,且日变形态为TGF-B型,表明测区裂隙处于生成阶段。在以往的震例中,中小地震发震区域常见这种背景[17, 24, 27]。
陵阳台位于沂沭断裂带最东侧的分支昌邑-大店断裂东盘的最南端与陵阳-葛河断裂交汇处,岩性为安山岩,是一种岩浆岩,结构相对均匀,具有一定的孔隙度,渗透性一般。
由图 8可见,陵阳台大地电场优势方位角变化范围Δα≤10°,跳动范围较小,表明该测区裂隙不大、排列较有序,裂隙结构处于发育阶段,且发育良好。在以往的震例中,孕育中强地震的区域常见这种背景[17, 24, 27]。
大山台位于新生代沉降带的埕宁隆起,南侧为济阳坳陷。台基出露岩性为暗褐色霞石苦橄岩,是鲁北平原唯一的基岩出露处。霞石苦橄岩是一种火成岩,结构相对致密,孔隙度较大,渗透性较好。
由图 9可见,大山台的大地电场优势方位角α基本在裂隙优势方位的±15°范围内变化。10°<Δα≤50°,表明该测区裂隙发育程度不大、排列较有序,裂隙结构处于发育正常阶段。
邹城台地处苍山-尼山断裂和凫山断裂之间,表层土壤为风化砂黏土,局部出露大片花岗岩岩体,台站岩性为前寒武纪花岗岩。花岗岩存在一定的裂隙和孔隙,但整体结构比较紧密。
由图 10可见,邹城台大地电场优势方位角α基本在裂隙优势方位的±45°范围内变化。其跳变范围Δα>50°,且日变形态为TGF-B型,表明测区裂隙处于生成阶段。在以往的震例中,中小地震区域常见这种背景[17, 24, 27]。
乳山台因高铁干扰,2023-01-01迁建新址。新址位于牟平-即墨断裂东侧,台基岩性为晚元古代花岗闪长岩,是花岗岩的一种,结构相对紧密,岩体裂隙较小,渗透性较低。
由图 11可见,乳山台大地电场优势方位角变化范围Δα≤10°,跳动范围较小,表明该测区裂隙不大、排列较有序,裂隙结构处于发育阶段,且发育良好。在以往的震例中,孕育中强地震的区域常见这种背景[17, 24, 27]。图 11中,2024-07因设备遭雷击故障导致优势方位角α异常。
综上所述,山东地区7个地电台中,马陵山台和大山台2个测区处于岩体发育正常阶段,没有处于岩体破碎阶段的测区。菏泽和邹城2个测区处于岩体生成阶段,中小地震区域常见这种背景。安丘测区处于岩体发育阶段,陵阳和乳山2个测区岩体发育较好,中强震震中附近出现岩体发育较好或处于长大阶段的几率较高。
正常情况下,某个场地的大地电场优势方位角α会在裂隙优势方位的一定范围内随机分布。根据《地震电磁分析预测技术方法工作手册》[24]中的异常判定规则,在某个区域(一般约定300 km以内)或同一条断裂带附近,若多个场地的α角同时出现跃变、集中分布与发散分布的转换,并且持续1周以上,可判定为异常变化。岩体裂隙发展的几个阶段对应的异常特征如下。
岩体生成阶段的大地电场优势方位角α出现跳变范围显著收窄,呈近直线型时,可判定为异常变化。
岩体发育阶段的大地电场优势方位角出现以下4种情况,可判定为异常变化:
1) 跳变范围单向断续增大,最大变幅约为45°时;
2) 跳变范围持续增大或偏转,最大变幅约为45°时;
3) 跳变偏转持续增大,最大偏转约为90°时;
4) 跳变持续偏转,最大变幅约为90°时。
岩体长大阶段的大地电场优势方位角出现跳变范围显著增大,最大变幅约为45°时,可判定为异常变化。
岩体破碎阶段的大地电场优势方位角出现跳变范围显著收窄,呈近直线型时,可判定为异常变化。根据对大地电场优势方位角特征的分析,结合异常判定规则,综合分析认为,山东地区7个台大地电场优势方位角跳变范围Δα均未出现异常判定标准中的数据变化情况,不满足异常判定指标。
本文从台基岩性、地质构造、布极方式、干扰源等几个方面对山东地区7个地电场台站的基本情况进行了详细分析,总结了山东地区地电场的日变形态特征。7个台中,有1个TGF-A型、5个TGF-B型和1个无序性(更新电极后恢复为TGF-B型)。陵阳台日变呈现双峰-双谷形态,属于TGF-A型;马陵山、菏泽、大山、安丘和乳山等5个台连续日变呈现相对稳定的近似梯形,属于TGF-B型,各台日变形态在时间上具有较好的同步性。邹城台呈无序变化型,该台电极和外线路改造后,观测数据恢复了正常日变,也属于TGF-B型。
另外,使用山东地区7个地电场台2021年以来的观测数据,基于大地电场岩体裂隙模型计算了大地电场优势方位角。山东地区7个台的大地电场优势方位角α变化较为平稳,符合测区内的岩体结构特征。其跳动范围Δα均未出现异常判定标准中的情况,不满足异常指标。根据该方法的预测规则,分析认为山东地区近期发生中强地震的概率不大。同时,结合优势方位角结果反映出的场地岩体裂隙发育情况进一步分析,结果表明,位于聊考带东侧的菏泽台和位于苍山-尼山断裂与凫山断裂之间的邹城台岩体裂隙处于生成阶段,是孕育中小地震常见的背景;位于沂沭断裂带北段的安丘台和陵阳台及位于牟平-即墨断裂东侧的乳山台岩体裂隙处于发育好或长大阶段,符合孕育中强地震的背景,值得重点关注。
  • 2025年度地震监测预报预警工作任务(CEA-JCYJ-202502015)
  • 山东省地震局科研项目(YB2503)
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2025年第45卷第10期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.10.470
  • 接收时间:2024-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-12
基金
2025 Earthquake Monitoring, Forecasting, and Early Warning Tasks(CEA-JCYJ-202502015)
2025年度地震监测预报预警工作任务(CEA-JCYJ-202502015)
Scientific Research Project of Shandong Earthquake Agency(YB2503)
山东省地震局科研项目(YB2503)
作者信息
    1 山东省地震局,济南市港西路2066号,250102

通讯作者:

缪杰,博士生,工程师,主要从事电磁监测与预测研究,E-mail:

MIAO Jie, PhD candidate, engineer, majors in electromagnetic monitoring and prediction, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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