Article(id=1322506229344228194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506166672937516, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.428, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239656053, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239656053, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239656053, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239656053, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506166672937516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='771', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755187200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239641110, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239641110, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=834, endPage=839, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506230229226339, articleId=1322506229344228194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Inversion of Shallow Velocity Structure in Northern Tangshan Using First Arrival Traveltime from Deep Reflection Profile, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The first arrival travel times of a deep reflection profile, approximately 30 km long, implemented along the northwest-southeast direction across the northern segment of the Tangshan fault in 2023 were inverted to obtain a detailed shallow velocity structure profile in the northern part of Tangshan. The velocity structure profile reveals that from 2.5 to 8.5 km along the survey line, the Cenozoic Era sediments are about 150 m thick and relatively uniform. The Fengtai-Yejituo fault is hidden at the survey line coordinate of 3.5 km, trending northwest, and F2-1 fault is hidden at 8.5 km, trending southeast; there is a hidden bulge between these two faults that is low in the northwest and high in the southeast. From 8.5 to 15.2 km along the survey line, the Cenozoic Era sediments gradually thicken from northwest to southeast, with a maximum thickness of about 250 m, indicating that the Jinggezhuang depression is a gull-shaped Cenozoic fault depression. The Douhe fault is exposed at 15.2 km, trending northwest. From 15.2 to 24 km along the survey line, it is the Tangshan uplift, with only local areas having very thin Cenozoic Era sediments, and the P-wave velocity at the same depth is much higher than on both sides; there is a nearly vertical low-velocity zone under Weishan, extending at least 600 m downward, which is speculated to be the fault zone of the Tangshan-Weishan-Changshan south slope fault belt. From the survey line coordinate of 24 km to the end of the survey line, it is the northwestern part of the Kaiping depression, showing a regular basin edge morphology, with Cenozoic Era sediments of about 130 m. The Douhe fault and the Tangshan-Weishan-Changshan fault are active faults of the Quaternary.

, authors=Jia JIA1, Fuyun WANG1, Qiaoxia LIU1, *, Yonghong DUAN1, Zhenyu FAN1, Hongwei WANG1, Zhanyong GAO1, authorsList=Jia JIA, Fuyun WANG, Qiaoxia LIU, Yonghong DUAN, Zhenyu FAN, Hongwei WANG, Zhanyong GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiaoxia LIU, authorNote=

JIA Jia, engineer, majors in seismic tomography imaging and fault zone detection, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506234431918962, articleId=1322506229344228194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=利用深反射剖面初至波走时反演唐山市北部浅层速度结构, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对2023年跨唐山断裂带北段沿北西-南东向实施的一条长约30 km的深反射剖面的初至波走时进行反演,获得唐山市北部的浅层精细速度结构剖面。速度结构剖面揭示出,测线坐标2.5~8.5 km新生代沉积厚约150 m,较为均匀;丰台-野鸡坨断裂隐伏于测线坐标3.5 km处,倾向北西,F2-1断裂隐伏于测线坐标8.5 km处,倾向南东;这2条断裂之间存在一个北西低南东高的隐伏凸起。测线坐标8.5~15.2 km,自北西向南东新生代沉积逐渐加厚,最大厚度约250 m,显示出荆各庄凹陷为箕状新生代断陷。陡河断裂出露于15.2 km处,倾向北西。测线坐标15.2~24 km为唐山凸起,仅局部区域有很薄的新生代沉积,同等深度上,P波速度远高于两侧;巍山下方有一近直立的低速带,向下延伸至少600 m,推测为唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂带的破碎带。测线坐标24 km至测线端部为开平凹陷的西北部,表现为一规整的盆地边缘形态,新生代沉积约130 m。陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山断裂为第四纪活动断裂。

, authors=贾佳1, 王夫运1, 刘巧霞1, *, 段永红1, 范振宇1, 王宏伟1, 高占永1, authorsList=贾佳, 王夫运, 刘巧霞, 段永红, 范振宇, 王宏伟, 高占永, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘巧霞, authorNote=

贾佳,工程师,主要从事地震层析成像及断裂带探测等研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

刘巧霞,研究员,主要从事台阵地震学研究,E-mail:

LIU Qiaoxia, researcher, majors in array seismology, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GLTqz1Nn6AY/fCeQD7/cmA==, magXml=vuLPUMTaGHe6MtwShTsdgQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=efMxCUo3Z0YrOgeK7zBJDw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=w5wApH4FkJ/oZE2LF21ZhQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322506236281607033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506229344228194, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1287834108@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322506236369687419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506229344228194, authorId=1322506236281607033, language=EN, stringName=Jia JIA, firstName=Jia, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA, 75 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China, bio={"content":"

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JIA Jia, engineer, majors in seismic tomography imaging and fault zone detection, E-mail:

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贾佳,工程师,主要从事地震层析成像及断裂带探测等研究,E-mail:

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黑色实线为可靠性范围;黑色虚线为推测断裂形态;F1: 丰台-野鸡坨断裂;F2-1: 隐伏断裂;F2-2: 陡河断裂;F3: 唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂;F4: 古冶断裂

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利用深反射剖面初至波走时反演唐山市北部浅层速度结构
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贾佳 1 , 王夫运 1 , 刘巧霞 1, * , 段永红 1 , 范振宇 1 , 王宏伟 1 , 高占永 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(8): 834-839
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (8) : 834 -839
利用深反射剖面初至波走时反演唐山市北部浅层速度结构
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贾佳1 , 王夫运1, 刘巧霞1, * , 段永红1, 范振宇1, 王宏伟1, 高占永1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,郑州市文化路75号,450002
通讯作者:

刘巧霞,研究员,主要从事台阵地震学研究,E-mail:

LIU Qiaoxia, researcher, majors in array seismology, E-mail:

作者简介:

贾佳,工程师,主要从事地震层析成像及断裂带探测等研究,E-mail:

Inversion of Shallow Velocity Structure in Northern Tangshan Using First Arrival Traveltime from Deep Reflection Profile
Jia JIA1 , Fuyun WANG1, Qiaoxia LIU1, * , Yonghong DUAN1, Zhenyu FAN1, Hongwei WANG1, Zhanyong GAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA, 75 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • JIA Jia, engineer, majors in seismic tomography imaging and fault zone detection, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.428
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对2023年跨唐山断裂带北段沿北西-南东向实施的一条长约30 km的深反射剖面的初至波走时进行反演,获得唐山市北部的浅层精细速度结构剖面。速度结构剖面揭示出,测线坐标2.5~8.5 km新生代沉积厚约150 m,较为均匀;丰台-野鸡坨断裂隐伏于测线坐标3.5 km处,倾向北西,F2-1断裂隐伏于测线坐标8.5 km处,倾向南东;这2条断裂之间存在一个北西低南东高的隐伏凸起。测线坐标8.5~15.2 km,自北西向南东新生代沉积逐渐加厚,最大厚度约250 m,显示出荆各庄凹陷为箕状新生代断陷。陡河断裂出露于15.2 km处,倾向北西。测线坐标15.2~24 km为唐山凸起,仅局部区域有很薄的新生代沉积,同等深度上,P波速度远高于两侧;巍山下方有一近直立的低速带,向下延伸至少600 m,推测为唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂带的破碎带。测线坐标24 km至测线端部为开平凹陷的西北部,表现为一规整的盆地边缘形态,新生代沉积约130 m。陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山断裂为第四纪活动断裂。

唐山市北部  /  初至波走时成像  /  浅部速度结构  /  断裂活动性  /  地质构造

The first arrival travel times of a deep reflection profile, approximately 30 km long, implemented along the northwest-southeast direction across the northern segment of the Tangshan fault in 2023 were inverted to obtain a detailed shallow velocity structure profile in the northern part of Tangshan. The velocity structure profile reveals that from 2.5 to 8.5 km along the survey line, the Cenozoic Era sediments are about 150 m thick and relatively uniform. The Fengtai-Yejituo fault is hidden at the survey line coordinate of 3.5 km, trending northwest, and F2-1 fault is hidden at 8.5 km, trending southeast; there is a hidden bulge between these two faults that is low in the northwest and high in the southeast. From 8.5 to 15.2 km along the survey line, the Cenozoic Era sediments gradually thicken from northwest to southeast, with a maximum thickness of about 250 m, indicating that the Jinggezhuang depression is a gull-shaped Cenozoic fault depression. The Douhe fault is exposed at 15.2 km, trending northwest. From 15.2 to 24 km along the survey line, it is the Tangshan uplift, with only local areas having very thin Cenozoic Era sediments, and the P-wave velocity at the same depth is much higher than on both sides; there is a nearly vertical low-velocity zone under Weishan, extending at least 600 m downward, which is speculated to be the fault zone of the Tangshan-Weishan-Changshan south slope fault belt. From the survey line coordinate of 24 km to the end of the survey line, it is the northwestern part of the Kaiping depression, showing a regular basin edge morphology, with Cenozoic Era sediments of about 130 m. The Douhe fault and the Tangshan-Weishan-Changshan fault are active faults of the Quaternary.

northern Tangshan  /  first arrival travel time tomography  /  shallow velocity structure  /  fault activity  /  geological structure
贾佳, 王夫运, 刘巧霞, 段永红, 范振宇, 王宏伟, 高占永. 利用深反射剖面初至波走时反演唐山市北部浅层速度结构. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (8) : 834 -839 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.428
Jia JIA, Fuyun WANG, Qiaoxia LIU, Yonghong DUAN, Zhenyu FAN, Hongwei WANG, Zhanyong GAO. Inversion of Shallow Velocity Structure in Northern Tangshan Using First Arrival Traveltime from Deep Reflection Profile[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (8) : 834 -839 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.428
1976年唐山7.8级地震后,众多研究者针对该地震发生的深、浅构造背景和发震构造等问题开展了各种地质、地球物理调查与研究。虢顺民等[1]分析唐山地区的活动断裂、地震地裂缝展布、区域构造应力场及地震活动性等资料,认为唐山断裂带是唐山地震的发震构造,由陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂和古冶-唐山断裂3条大致平行的断裂构成,断层均倾向北西,性质有正断和逆断。曾融生等[2]和陆涵行等[3]根据地震测深和深反射剖面,揭示了唐山震源区浅部和深部构造图像,认为开平向斜轴下方存在一个近直立的右旋走滑的地壳断层,陡河断裂为一向南东倾斜的正断层,在大约5 km深度处与地壳断裂交会,它们分别引起了唐山地震的水平位移和垂直位移。郝书俭等[4]利用浅层反射地震方法对唐山市区及其南侧的地震地表裂缝带进行精细探测,结果显示,唐山断裂均向北西倾斜,南部表现为高角度正断层,市区内表现为逆断层。尤惠川等[5]在位于唐山市区内的地震地裂缝带布设了3条浅层反射剖面,揭示出主地震破裂带之下存在西陡倾的逆走滑断裂,次地震破裂带下方存在向东陡倾的逆走滑断裂。刘保金等[6]在丰南地区完成一条近北西-南东向的深地震反射探测剖面,将剖面中部偏西北的一条向南东倾斜的深断裂解译为陡河断裂,其浅部有一分叉断裂倾向北西,将中部略偏东南的2条同向西北陡倾的深断裂解译为古冶正断裂。郭慧等[7-8]为研究唐山地震地表破裂带的展布问题,较为系统地分析了唐山市地质构造和第四系展布特征,结合钻井联合剖面探测与探槽探测,得到唐山地震地表破裂带展布超过47 km的新认识。其进一步明确了被荆各庄第四纪凹陷和宽缓的开平向斜所夹持的北东走向的凤山背斜非常狭窄,其西侧以北西向陡倾的陡河正断裂与荆各庄第四纪凹陷接触;凤山背斜的东南翼,亦是开平向斜的西北翼上,发育主体向北西陡倾的唐山-巍山-长山南坡逆断裂和古冶逆断裂。
对穿过唐山断裂带不同段落的探测和研究发现,该断裂带的倾向、性质和两侧的新生代构造还存在很多明显的差别,一种可能是该断裂带确实如此复杂;另一种可能是对该断裂带的系统探测研究尚不足。本研究基于唐山市丰润、古冶与开平区之间布设的一条NWW方向长度30 km的深地震反射测线(图 1)的初至波资料,使用ToModel层析成像软件,反演了沿测线的二维P波速度结构,通过速度结构的分析,解译浅层构造特征,为唐山断裂带北段及其两侧的新构造研究提供新的资料。
唐山地区位于燕山隆起带东段和华北坳陷区的交界带,属于燕山台褶带。基底为中元古界和下古生界变质岩系,盖层为上古生界沉积岩系,北东向凹陷中发育第四系松散层。晚古生代的石炭纪和二叠纪区域沉积环境稳定,地层发育齐全,沉积了厚1 200 m的煤系地层。中生代沉积缺失,燕山构造活动强烈,形成一系列北东走向的褶皱和断裂。这些褶皱具有隔挡式样式,背斜窄,向斜宽,自西向东分别是丰台背斜、车轴山向斜、碑子院背斜、开平向斜、大佟庄背斜。北东向展布的断裂有丰台-野鸡坨断裂、陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂、古冶断裂。新生代以来,大致以丰南为界,北部的第四纪沉积受控于北东向展布的丰台-野鸡坨断裂、陡河断裂的正走滑活动。南部总体相对沉降接受沉积,沉积厚度等值线展布近东西向[9]。唐山市位于丰台-野鸡坨断裂、蓟运河断裂、宁河-昌黎断裂、滦县-乐亭断裂围限的近似四边形块体的内部,块体中间的唐山断裂带由NE向近平行的陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂、古冶断裂构成,与唐山大地震关系密切。
本研究所用的初至波资料来自唐山市丰润、古冶与开平区之间布设的一条NWW方向、长度30 km的深地震反射测线(图 1[10])。从西北至东南炮点测线经过丰润区常庄镇张家洼村、开平区郑庄子镇任信屯村、开平区栗园镇大佛头村、古冶区王辇庄乡太古庄村、古冶区习家套乡任家套村,检波点测线长度30 km,测线方位角102°,与唐山断裂带北段夹角大约52°。测线穿过的主要构造有鸦鸿桥凹陷东部、丰台-野鸡坨断裂、荆各庄凹陷、陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂、唐山凸起、古冶断裂、开平凹陷北部。
测线全长30 km,共30炮,采用中间放炮,两侧全排列接收的观测方式,道间距35 m、炮间距700 m、896道接收。数据采集使用一体化短周期数字地震仪,型号为Z-land,采样率为4 ms,检波器固有频率为5 Hz。最终获得30张共炮点记录,记录截面中初至波最远接收距离在5~15 km范围。图 2是其中第16炮点的记录截面。从图 2可以看到,近炮检距的初至波清晰可靠,续至的若干浅层反射波信噪比也较高、易于识别。远炮检距的初至波信噪比也比较高,只是到时拾取精度比近炮点的低。另一个明显的特征是激发点右侧的深层折射波到达时间远比左侧的超前,且出现的炮检距近,说明左侧沉积层较厚,右侧沉积层较薄。查看炮点位置发现,第16炮恰好位于唐山凸起与荆各庄凹陷交界处,表明原始数据能较好地反映地下结构。初至走时拾取完成后,在多个道集域内显示拾取的初至走时,对离群点的数据进行重新拾取,以此控制初至拾取的质量。记录截面上也显示出个别地段存在坏道情况,由于炮点和接收点密集,其影响有限。本研究共拾取约1.2万个走时,这些数据为获得地下精细速度结构奠定了良好的基础。
地震初至波层析反演是利用初至走时计算地下介质分布,将地下划分成速度网格,用网格单元速度分布模拟复杂的地下速度结构,根据走时场计算射线路径,根据走时方程计算网格内速度分布。初至波走时可以表示为:
式中,T为震源到检波器的走时;Pi为第i个像素的慢度值;di为第i个像素的射线路径长度;N为射线穿过的像素数目[11]。使用ToModel软件进行数据处理,该软件具有精度高、计算速度快、稳定性强等优点。采用矩形网格建模,可以在深度方向使用更小的网格,在高密度数据条件下,能够确保模型的空间分辨率,适用于复杂探区的情况。
经多次测试,中小炮震源得到的初至波走时层析反演射线穿透的深度最大在地表以下1 km左右。因此,为了模型计算精度和显示的需要,定义初始模型最深一层的厚度为700 m。建立初始模型的网格大小通常需要考虑地震数据采集的道间距和反演计算的时间,在兼顾计算效率的同时保证反演精度[12]。本文初始模型的建立主要依据折射地震记录的时距曲线斜率和走时拐点确定,初始速度模型的速度网格单元为15 m×7 m的矩形(图 3)。
经计算,反演均方差第1次迭代为0.92 s左右,经第2次迭代快速下降至0.5 s左右,在第8、9、10次迭代时,迭代曲线平稳,反演结果基本趋于稳定,最终10次迭代后下降至0.07 s(图 4)。获得的研究区的射线分布和速度结构见图 5。
从射线密度分布图(图 5(a))中看出,在测线0~10 km和15~24 km下方0~900 m深度,射线分布覆盖较为密集;在测线10~15 km下方0~700 m深度,射线分布覆盖较为密集;在测线24~30 km下方0~400 m深度,射线分布覆盖较为密集。在初至波射线覆盖较为密集的区域,能够实现对剖面浅部结构的有效覆盖,确保了反演结果的可靠性。射线密度分布图中,黄色五角星代表两端的炮点,在2个端点炮点外侧的射线无交叉覆盖,反演结果会有较强的多解性。2个端点炮点之间的射线交叉覆盖程度较好,反演得到的速度结构可靠。
从速度结构图中可以看到,沿测线横向速度变化较大,速度分布在近地表处表现为凸起区高速和凹陷区低速,分界明显,显示出断裂对沉积的控制作用。丰台-野鸡坨断裂(F1)北西侧鸦鸿桥凹陷北部东端至断裂F2-1测线位置2.5~8.5 km范围,P波速度从地表的1 189 m/s向下逐渐增加到4 200 m/s;低于2 700 m/s的速度结构相对平坦均匀,底界呈宽缓的小幅波浪起伏状,表明该层形成时期鸦鸿桥凹陷整体均匀下沉,新生代沉积范围从地表至地下150 m,其下速度超过4 200 m/s的古生代地层近似为北西低、南东高的隐伏凸起。丰台-野鸡坨断裂隐伏于测线位置3.5 km处,倾向北西。在测线位置8.5 km的下方深度约150 m处,存在一条隐伏断裂F2-1,倾向南东,是荆各庄凹陷的西界,断裂F2-1东侧的沉积地层向东有一小阶跃变厚,表明该断裂对其东侧的沉积影响不及陡河断裂,即该断裂第四纪活动性不及陡河断裂。测线8.5~15.2 km范围的荆各庄凹陷下方速度低于2 700 m/s的地层呈现西薄东厚且向东南下倾的形态,表明新生代沉积地层形成期间,荆各庄凹陷东南侧下沉幅度相对大,呈现出箕状,新生代沉积厚度最大约250 m,速度范围在2 700~4 200 m/s的上古生代地层呈现西厚东薄,其下中偏东速度超过4 200 m/s的古生代地层呈小幅上凸。陡河断裂(F2-2)出露于15.2 km处,倾向北西,陡河断裂在新生代活动,且后期活动强于前期。陡河断裂至测线坐标24 km范围为唐山凸起,新生代沉积零散且很薄,同等深度上,P波速度远高于其两侧。巍山下方有一宽度约2 km的近直立低速带,可靠的速度结构显示其向下延伸至少600 m,推测为唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂带(F3)的破碎带。唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂也是新生代活动断裂,其构成断裂似乎有北西倾向,亦有南东倾向。测线坐标24 km至测线端部为开平凹陷的西北部,浅部速度结构表现为一规整的盆地边缘形态,新生代沉积厚约130 m。在速度结构剖面中,古冶断裂并无迹象,有可能是该段射线无交叉,也可能是测线东端与断裂交角较小所致。速度结构剖面中显示较为清楚的断裂有丰台-野鸡坨断裂、F2-1断裂(本研究发现的隐伏断裂)、陡河断裂和唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂。荆各庄凹陷以及它们之间的隐伏凸起、唐山凸起的浅部结构均得到较好的成像。
唐山地区是在中生代隆起背景下,新生代第三纪仍处于隆起,到第四纪时期接受沉积,持续下降形成的复合型断陷盆地,垂直的升降运动和由此引发的断裂活动是本区构造活动的主要特征[13],第四纪下伏地层一般为古生界,第四纪整体沉积特征表现为北薄南厚[14]。研究区主要被第四纪沉积覆盖,北部局部出露更为古老的太古宙至古生代地层,测线中部唐山凸起处出露石炭纪、二叠纪地层。钻探资料揭示,该区地层从老到新有古生界寒武系、奥陶系、石炭系、二叠系和新生界第四系,该区缺失上奥陶系、志留系、泥盆系、下石炭系和中生界[7]。根据丰台-野鸡坨断裂东侧、位于本文测线南部的钻孔资料,埋深155 m处沉积一套“泥包砾”层,为第四系的底界[15],故本研究在荆各庄凹陷的新生代地层可以确认为第四纪地层,埋深范围在130~250 m。荆各庄凹陷上部覆盖的松散第四系显示了西北薄、东南厚的沉积特征[16],荆各庄凹陷的基底由古生代地层组成,深度约400~500 m[17],可能对应本文荆各庄凹陷下方速度为4 200 m/s的界面。
浅层速度结构剖面清楚地显示了研究区近地表的构造格架,丰台-野鸡坨断裂、陡河断裂、唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂均为倾向北西的断裂[18]。郝书俭等[4]和尤惠川等[5]对唐山大地震的地表破裂的性质和产状进行研究,认为唐山断裂带北段表现为逆断层性质,这并非中生代以来当地断裂构造的性质和产状,与本文的成像结果中陡河断裂为正断层并不矛盾。唐山地区在古生代-中生代早期为南北-北西向的挤压,中生代晚期转为北西-南东向挤压,该时期相当于燕山运动时期,燕山运动塑造了唐山地区的主要构造骨架,形成北北东向的褶皱、断裂构造[19]。唐山断裂带就形成于该时期并在第四纪继续活动,是开平向斜西翼逆冲断裂带的延续[1-8]。但进入新生代以来,应力场转变为北北东、北东向的挤压运动[20]。使用唐山地区震源机制解数据对区域应力场进行研究,得出唐山地区的应力场状态由走滑型转变为正走滑型[20],因此推测陡河断裂可能为正走滑断裂。
1) 荆各庄凹陷的新生代沉积呈现西薄东厚且向东南下倾的形态,表明第四纪沉积地层形成期间荆各庄凹陷东南侧下沉幅度相对大,呈现出箕状。
2) 丰台-野鸡坨断裂、陡河断裂和唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂均为倾向北西的断层,陡河断裂和唐山-巍山-长山南坡断裂在第四纪活动性强。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42074070)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42374073)
  • 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心青年基金(YFGEC2022005)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1500202)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.09.428
  • 接收时间:2024-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42074070)
国家自然科学基金(42074070)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42374073)
国家自然科学基金(42374073)
Youth Fund of Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA(YFGEC2022005)
中国地震局地球物理勘探中心青年基金(YFGEC2022005)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1500202)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1500202)
作者信息
    1 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,郑州市文化路75号,450002

通讯作者:

刘巧霞,研究员,主要从事台阵地震学研究,E-mail:

LIU Qiaoxia, researcher, majors in array seismology, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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