Article(id=1322506247002239690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506166672937516, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.403, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724342400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239660263, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239660263, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239660263, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239660263, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506166672937516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='771', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755187200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239641110, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239641110, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=845, endPage=850, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506247341978317, articleId=1322506247002239690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Impact of Seawater Mass Redistribution Induced by Subduction Zone Earthquakes on Relative Sea-Level Change: A Case Study of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we at first employ a simplified 1-D layered spherical Earth model to compute the co- and post-seismic vertical displacement and geoid change on the seafloor surface due to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. We then use a pseudo-spectral algorithm to iteratively solve SLE and obtain RSL and geoid changes of long wavelength(>90 km). Results show that the contribution of redistributed seawater mass on RSL is secondary, which can be neglected when we focus on the long wavelength RSL. The effect of geoid change due to the redistribution of seawater mass mainly stems from the self-gravitation of seawater disturbed by earthquakes, while the contribution from elastic load response is an order of magnitude smaller. In addition, we examine two approximate methods of ocean water effect—solving SLE with a uniform ocean covering and Bouguer layer approximation. Comparison results show that both two methods can effectively estimate the co- and post-seismic ocean water effect of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. The seawater mass effect estimated by Bouguer correction formular is in better agreement with that obtained from solving SLE with a realistic ocean.

, authors=Xinyu ZHAO1, Xin ZHOU1, *, authorsList=Xinyu ZHAO, Xin ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin ZHOU, authorNote=

ZHAO Xinyu, postgraduate, majors in seismogeodesy, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506251171377883, articleId=1322506247002239690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=俯冲带地震引起的海水质量重分布对相对海平面变化的影响——以2004年苏门答腊地震为例, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用一维径向分层的球形地球模型模拟2004年苏门答腊地震的同震和震后固体地球表面垂直位移和大地水准面变化,采用伪谱法迭代求解海平面方程,得到该地震引起的长波长(>90 km)相对海平面变化和大地水准面变化。结果表明,海水质量的重新分布对相对海平面变化的贡献是二阶小量,在估计长波长相对海平面变化时可以忽略;海水质量重新分布的大地水准面变化效应主要来自于地震扰动海水的自身引力,弹性负荷响应的贡献比之小1个量级。讨论2种近似求解海水效应的方法——求解均匀海洋层模型的海平面方程和布格层近似,结果表明,2种方法均可用于估计苏门答腊地震的同震和震后海水效应,布格改正得到的海水质量效应更接近真实海洋分布模型的海平面方程求解结果。

, authors=赵鑫宇1, 周新1, *, authorsList=赵鑫宇, 周新, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周新, authorNote=

赵鑫宇,硕士生,主要研究方向为地震大地测量学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

周新,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为地震大地测量学、重力学、地震位错理论及地球物理反演,E-mail:

ZHOU Xin, PhD, associate researcher, majors in seismogeodesy, gravimetry, seismic dislocation theory and geophysical inversion, E-mail:

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真实海洋指使用真实全球海洋分布, 均匀海洋指假设固体表面均匀覆盖海水层处海洋函数为1的情况

, figureFileSmall=92zV3EssF3eBCxbr58GDng==, figureFileBig=xDzPItBeAnewhjHsBCVNZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506256670110462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506247002239690, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The effect of redistributed seawater mass on the geoid at 60 degree, figureFileSmall=32VMshTIeH8NCpEiLEz0Jw==, figureFileBig=t9KGUKZhJJ1w69bsFvR5eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322506256753996543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506247002239690, language=CN, label=图6, caption=重新分布的海水质量60阶大地水准面效应

真实海洋指使用真实全球海洋分布, 均匀海洋指假设固体表面均匀覆盖海水层处海洋函数为1的情况

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俯冲带地震引起的海水质量重分布对相对海平面变化的影响——以2004年苏门答腊地震为例
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赵鑫宇 1 , 周新 1, *
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(8): 845-850
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (8) : 845 -850
俯冲带地震引起的海水质量重分布对相对海平面变化的影响——以2004年苏门答腊地震为例
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赵鑫宇1 , 周新1, *
作者信息
  • 1 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京市安宁庄路1号,100085
通讯作者:

周新,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为地震大地测量学、重力学、地震位错理论及地球物理反演,E-mail:

ZHOU Xin, PhD, associate researcher, majors in seismogeodesy, gravimetry, seismic dislocation theory and geophysical inversion, E-mail:

作者简介:

赵鑫宇,硕士生,主要研究方向为地震大地测量学,E-mail:

Impact of Seawater Mass Redistribution Induced by Subduction Zone Earthquakes on Relative Sea-Level Change: A Case Study of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake
Xinyu ZHAO1 , Xin ZHOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEM, 1 Anningzhuang Road, Beijing 100085, China
  • ZHAO Xinyu, postgraduate, majors in seismogeodesy, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.403
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利用一维径向分层的球形地球模型模拟2004年苏门答腊地震的同震和震后固体地球表面垂直位移和大地水准面变化,采用伪谱法迭代求解海平面方程,得到该地震引起的长波长(>90 km)相对海平面变化和大地水准面变化。结果表明,海水质量的重新分布对相对海平面变化的贡献是二阶小量,在估计长波长相对海平面变化时可以忽略;海水质量重新分布的大地水准面变化效应主要来自于地震扰动海水的自身引力,弹性负荷响应的贡献比之小1个量级。讨论2种近似求解海水效应的方法——求解均匀海洋层模型的海平面方程和布格层近似,结果表明,2种方法均可用于估计苏门答腊地震的同震和震后海水效应,布格改正得到的海水质量效应更接近真实海洋分布模型的海平面方程求解结果。

俯冲带地震  /  海水质量重新分布  /  相对海平面变化  /  同震和震后重力场变化  /  黏弹地球模型

In this study, we at first employ a simplified 1-D layered spherical Earth model to compute the co- and post-seismic vertical displacement and geoid change on the seafloor surface due to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. We then use a pseudo-spectral algorithm to iteratively solve SLE and obtain RSL and geoid changes of long wavelength(>90 km). Results show that the contribution of redistributed seawater mass on RSL is secondary, which can be neglected when we focus on the long wavelength RSL. The effect of geoid change due to the redistribution of seawater mass mainly stems from the self-gravitation of seawater disturbed by earthquakes, while the contribution from elastic load response is an order of magnitude smaller. In addition, we examine two approximate methods of ocean water effect—solving SLE with a uniform ocean covering and Bouguer layer approximation. Comparison results show that both two methods can effectively estimate the co- and post-seismic ocean water effect of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. The seawater mass effect estimated by Bouguer correction formular is in better agreement with that obtained from solving SLE with a realistic ocean.

subduction zone earthquake  /  seawater mass redistribution  /  relative sea-level change  /  co-and post-seismic gravity field change  /  viscoelastic Earth model
赵鑫宇, 周新. 俯冲带地震引起的海水质量重分布对相对海平面变化的影响——以2004年苏门答腊地震为例. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (8) : 845 -850 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.403
Xinyu ZHAO, Xin ZHOU. Impact of Seawater Mass Redistribution Induced by Subduction Zone Earthquakes on Relative Sea-Level Change: A Case Study of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (8) : 845 -850 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.403
大地测量技术可以对俯冲带大地震的同震及震后形变场进行监测[1],重力卫星GRACE可以捕捉长波长重力场的变化[2-3],这些观测数据为解析俯冲带断层滑移、震后黏弹性松弛变形及地球流变结构提供了重要的约束条件[4-6]。研究表明,地震引起的海水质量重新分布导致的重力位响应与固体地球质量迁移产生的效应在量级上相当,因此在应用物理模型时,这一因素不容忽视[2]。
在海洋中发生的地震事件,如俯冲带地震,不仅会导致固体地球的形变和质量重新分布,还会引起相对海平面(RSL)的变化[7-8]。通过求解海平面方程(SLE)可以得到由地震引起的相对海平面变化[8-10],海平面方程通常用于计算在弹性或黏弹性地球模型下,由冰川均衡调整(GIA)引起的相对海平面变化,该方程考虑了重新分布的海水质量的自身引力效应及其弹性负荷响应[11]。求解海平面方程不仅可以得到相对海平面变化,还能定量估计由海水质量重新分布引起的大地水准面变化。许多学者在空间域、球谱域及两者的混合域中对海平面方程进行求解[8-10, 12],并给出了地震引起的相对海平面变化,但并未提供震后长波长大地水准面变化的相关信息。
为更好地理解地震扰动的海水质量迁移对同震和震后重力位的影响,本文利用一维径向分层的地球模型计算2004年苏门答腊地震的同震和震后洋底表面垂直位移及大地水准面变化,利用伪谱法求解海平面方程,得到长波长的相对海平面变化和大地水准面变化,并对海水效应的估计方法进行评估。
海平面方程可写为[9]:
$\begin{gathered}\Delta S(\theta, \lambda)=C(\theta, \lambda)\left[N_0(\theta, \lambda)+N_{\text {ocean }}(\theta, \lambda)-\right. \\\left.U_0(\theta, \lambda)-U_{\text {ocean }}(\theta, \lambda)-\Delta \bar{S}\right]\end{gathered}$
式中,ΔS(θ, λ)为相对海平面变化;θ和λ分别为余纬和经度;C(θ, λ)为海洋函数,其值在海洋上为1,在陆地为0;N0和U0分别为地震引起的大地水准面变化和垂直位移,由位错理论模型计算求得;Nocean和Uocean分别为海水效应,即地震扰动的海水质量负荷引起的大地水准面高度变化和海底垂直位移;Δ${\bar S}$为平均海平面变化,为确保全球海洋质量守恒,表示为:
$\Delta \bar{S}=\frac{\int_{\text {ocean }} \Delta S \mathrm{~d} \varOmega}{\int_{\text {ocean }} \mathrm{d} \varOmega}$
式(1)为适用于地震引起的海平面方程,与GIA的海平面效应所使用的海平面方程相似,只是缺少了因冰川融化的水和海水的质量交换。GIA效应通常关注更长时间尺度(约万年)的海洋变化,需要考虑地球的黏弹性。地震循环周期的时间尺度通常为百年,空间尺度也远小于GIA,在求解海平面方程时可忽略海水负荷的黏弹性松弛效应,即在弹性地球模型中近似求解海平面方程。这是因为相对于弹性响应,扰动的海水负荷引起的地幔(或软流圈)黏弹性松弛影响较小。
海平面方程是非线性的,可用空间域法、球谱域法和伪谱法迭代求解[12]。对于研究长波长的重力位和相对海平面变化,球谱域和伪谱法更为合适。如果使用纯球谱域法求解海平面方程,需要涉及球谐函数乘积,计算较复杂。本文采用伪谱法求解海平面方程,在球谱域和空间域交叉求解,最后通过球谐多项式求和,得到空间域的解。相对海平面ΔS(θ, λ)可表示为:
$\begin{gathered}\Delta S(\theta, \lambda)= \\C(\theta, \lambda)\left[\sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{m=0}^l \Delta S L_{l m} Y_{l m}(\theta, \lambda)-\Delta \bar{S}\right]\end{gathered}$
式中,Ylm(θ, λ)为正则化的球谐函数;ΔSLlm为均匀海洋表面相对海平面变化的球谐系数;Δ${\bar S}$由0阶相对海平面变化得到。
$\Delta \bar{S}=\frac{\Delta S_{00}}{C_{00}}$
其中,ΔSLlm可写为:
$\Delta S L_{l m}=N_{0_{l m}}-U_{0_{l m}}+N_{\text {ocean }_{l m}}-U_{\text {ocean }_{l m}}$
式中,N0lm和U0lm分别为N0和U0的球谐展开系数;海水质量重新分布的贡献Noceanlm和Uoceanlm可由下式求得:
$\left(\frac{N_{\text {ocean }_{l m}}}{U_{\text {ocean }_{l m}}}\right)=\frac{4 \pi \rho_{\mathrm{o}} a^3}{(2 l+1) M_{\mathrm{e}}}\left(\frac{1+k_l}{h_l}\right) \Delta S_{l m}$
式中,kl和hl为弹性负荷勒夫数[13];Me为地球质量;a为地球半径;ρo为海水密度,ρo=1.02×103 kg/m3。将式(6)代入式(5)得到:
$\begin{gathered}\Delta S L_{l m}=N_{0_{l m}}-U_{0_{l m}}+ \\\frac{4 \pi \rho_o a^3}{M_{\mathrm{e}}(2 l+1)} \Delta S_{l m}\left(1+k_l-h_l\right)\end{gathered}$
利用式(3)~(7)迭代求解海平面方程:
1) 首先忽略海水的贡献,令Nocean=Uocean=0,于是得到初始相对海平面变化:
$\Delta S L_{l m}^{(0)}=N_{0_{l m}}-U_{0_{l n}}$
$\begin{gathered}\Delta S^{(0)}(\theta, \lambda)= \\C(\theta, \lambda)\left[\sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{m=0}^l \Delta S L_{l m}^{(0)} Y_{l m}(\theta, \lambda)-\Delta \bar{S}\right]\end{gathered}$
$\Delta S_{l m}^{(0)}=\frac{1}{4 \pi} \iint \Delta S^{(0)}(\theta, \lambda) Y_{l m} \mathrm{~d} \varOmega$
2) 将步骤1)代入式(7)得到ΔSLlm(1):
$\begin{gathered}\Delta S L_{l m}^{(1)}=N_{0_{l m}}-U_{0_{l m}}+ \\\frac{4 \pi \rho_0 a^3}{M_{\mathrm{e}}(2 l+1)}\left(1+k_l-h_l\right) \Delta S_{l m}^{(0)}\end{gathered}$
3) 将ΔSLlm(1)代入式(3)得到ΔSlm(1)。
4) 重复步骤2)~3),直至收敛,收敛准则为:
$\sum\limits_{l, m} \frac{\left|\Delta S_{l m}^{(n+1)}\right|-\left|\Delta S_{l m}^{(n)}\right|}{\left|\Delta S_{l m}^{(n)}\right|}<10^{-4}$
假设均匀海水层覆盖在固体地球上,海洋函数C(θ, λ)处为1,ΔSlm可由下式计算得到:
$\Delta S_{00}=\frac{N_{0_{00}}-U_{0_{00}}}{2-\frac{4 \pi \rho_0 a^3}{M_{\mathrm{e}}}}$
当l≥1时,
$\Delta S_{l m}=\frac{N_{0_{l m}}-U_{0_{l m}}}{1-\frac{4 \pi \rho_0 a^3}{M_{\mathrm{e}}(2 l+1)}\left(1+k_l-h_l\right)}$
由式(6)可计算得到均匀海水层模型的海水效应。扰动海水的大地水准面效应Nocean可分为扰动海水质量的直接引力NSA和弹性负荷响应NEL2个部分,其球谐系数为:
$N_{\mathrm{SA}_{l m}}=\frac{4 \pi \rho_{\mathrm{o}} a^3}{(2 l+1) M_{\mathrm{e}}} \Delta S_{l m}$
$N_{\mathrm{EL}_{l m}}=\frac{4 \pi \rho_0 a^3}{(2 l+1) M_{\mathrm{e}}} k_l \Delta S_{l m}$
求解海平面方程需将洋底的垂直位移和大地水准面变化作为初值,本文采用无自转、自重的层状球体位错理论模型计算同震和震后变形及重力场变化[14-15]。在模拟同震和震后的响应时,使用一个自洽的地球模型,即弹性参数、密度和重力始终保持一致,在震后形变和重力位变化中,瞬态黏弹性松弛效应显著[5, 16],采用Burgers体(Kelvin体+Maxwell体)计算震后响应。地球模型参数如图 1所示,泊松比为0.25,密度和重力由PREM地球模型得到[17]。与PREM模型相同,本文在海洋区域假设了一个3 km厚度的海水层,不同的是,本文假设了一个简单的刚度结构,使得地幔软流圈的Maxwell和Kelvin的松弛时间分别约为5 a和0.5 a,采用0.25°×0.25°的空间网格计算垂直位移、大地水准面和相对海平面变化。选用Chlieh等[1]的同震滑移模型(图 1(e)),该模型由大地测量观测数据反演得到,可用于计算准静态变形和重力场变化。
为得到2004年苏门答腊地震引起的长波长相对海平面变化,首先利用径向分层的球体位错理论分别计算同震、震后5 a和20 a的洋底垂直位移和大地水准面响应,将其分别球谐展开并截断至lmax=450阶和lmax=60阶。其中,相对于垂直位移和重力变化,大地水准面的空间波长更长,截断至450阶的大地水准面高变化已经包括了90%以上的信号;截断至60阶与重力卫星GRACE的空间分辨率一致。然后将球谐展开的系数作为初始值,按照§2的算法,通过球谱域和空间域交叉迭代求解海平面方程,得到地震引起的相对海平面变化。
图 2表明,无论是截断到450阶还是60阶,近场的垂直位移都比大地水准面高的变化大2个量级,因此近场的相对海平面变化只需考虑洋壳的垂直位移。这一点在图 3的相对海平面结果中得到证实,海水质量重新分布贡献的近场相对海平面变化ΔSocean比垂直位移贡献的小2个量级,甚至对于距离海沟超过600 km的泰国岛的相对海平面变化都无需考虑海水质量重新分布的效应。该结果与Melini等[8]通过空间域法得到的结论相近,即只有在估计泰国岛海岸震后1 000 a相对海平面变化时才需考虑海水效应,但考虑到观测记录、数据噪声和地震循环周期的时间尺度,很难用观测数据证实。另外,在估计超过2 000 km远场(如欧洲、澳大利亚等)的相对海平面变化时,海水质量重新分布对同震和短期震后就有较明显的影响。本文未考虑超过图 3范围的远场相对海平面变化,原因是:1)在验潮站或大地测量观测数据中,垂向的噪声或其他物理信号超过了海水质量重新分布的效应;2)在与特别远场地区的验潮站数据进行对比时,需要在空间域求解海平面方程[8],超出了本文的意图。
与相对海平面变化不同的是,海水质量重新分布对大地水准面变化的贡献显著。由式(15)和式(16)计算被扰动海水质量的直接引力效应NSA和弹性负荷效应NEL,结果见图 4。可以看出,不论是450阶还是60阶,海水质量重新分布对大地水准面的影响主要来自于扰动海水的直接引力NSA,弹性负荷部分贡献NEL比NSA小1个量级。该结论与Broerse等[9-10]给出的同震长波长大地水准面变化一致。事实上,图 4的结果还表明,以上结论对于震后黏弹性松弛也同样成立。地震扰动的海水质量再分布引起的450阶和60阶大地水准面变化Nocean分别见图 5和6,利用60阶的Nocean对洋壳大地水准面变化N0进行改正后的结果可与GRACE观测进行对比,用于震源及地球的流变结构等研究[3, 18]。
除以上考虑真实海洋层分布(海洋函数)的海平面方程之外,还可通过近似模型估计海水再分布的大地水准面效应,本文给出均匀海洋层和布格改正公式2种近似方法。注意到计算区域中显著的地震变形和重力场变化主要在海洋,靠近海沟的一些岛屿面积有限,距离海沟超过600 km的泰国岛远场信号较小。如果只关注近场的大地水准面和相对海平面变化,可以对模型进行简化,即一个3 km的均匀海水层覆盖在固体地球表面上。此时,可利用式(13)和式(14)求解海平面方程,得到相对海平面和大地水准面的变化。
对于大地水准面而言,海水质量重分布的弹性负荷效应比海水直接引力效应至少小1个量级,可忽略扰动海水的弹性负荷效应。另一方面,相对海平面变化的主要贡献是洋壳的垂直形变,可认为大地水准面的变化主要是被抬升的海水(U0)直接引力所贡献,因此引入布格层重力公式近似估计海水质量再分布的效应。一些关于GRACE的地震重力变化研究工作采用了该方法改正海水[19-21]。布格层重力效应为[22]:
$\Delta g_{\text {occan }}(\theta, \lambda)=-2 \pi G \rho_0 C(\theta, \lambda) U_0(\theta, \lambda)$
式中,G为万有引力常数,这里用洋壳垂直位移近似代替海水高度的变化。布格改正估计的是海水重分布引起的重力变化,将其进行球谐展开后,可得到相应波长的大地水准面效应。
图 5和6分别给出均匀海洋层模型和布格层近似下扰动的海水质量对450阶和60阶大地水准面变化的影响。结果表明,均匀海洋分布模型和布格重力改正公式都与真实海洋分布模型的海平面方程得到的扰动海水质量效应相近,再次验证了Broerse等[10]的结论。相比于均匀海水分布模型,布格近似得到的海水质量效应与真实海洋分布模型的海平面方程求解结果更相近,特别是在较远的陆地区域,其原因是真实海洋的海平面方程和布格近似公式都考虑了海洋函数。在关注近场显著重力位变化(如GRACE)时,均匀海洋分布模型仍然适用。相比于迭代求解真实海洋的海平面方程,在估计2004年苏门答腊地震的长波长大地水准面变化时,2种近似方法更简单有效。
1) 海水质量重分布引起的相对海平面变化比地震的直接响应小2个量级,在考虑近场及较远场的相对海平面变化时可忽略该影响。
2) 无论是同震还是震后黏弹性松弛,海水质量重新分布所引起的大地水准面变化主要来自于海水的直接引力,弹性负荷的贡献与之相比至少小1个量级,在近似求解海水扰动对长波长重力场变化的贡献时可以忽略。
3) 苏门答腊地震的主要形变和重力位变化集中在海洋,可用均匀海洋模型近似。布格改正考虑了真实的海洋分布,相较于均匀海洋模型,更接近考虑实际海洋分布的海平面方程求解结果。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42074091)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.403
  • 接收时间:2024-08-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-23
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42074091)
国家自然科学基金(42074091)
作者信息
    1 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京市安宁庄路1号,100085

通讯作者:

周新,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为地震大地测量学、重力学、地震位错理论及地球物理反演,E-mail:

ZHOU Xin, PhD, associate researcher, majors in seismogeodesy, gravimetry, seismic dislocation theory and geophysical inversion, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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