Article(id=1322506256661725230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506166672937516, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.399, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239662565, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239662565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239662565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239662565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506166672937516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='771', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1755187200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239641110, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239641110, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=875, endPage=880, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506256829497391, articleId=1322506256661725230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Application of Non-Natural Earthquakes Identification Method Based on Support Vector Machine in Guangdong and Surrounding Areas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, natural and non-natural seismic events in Guangdong and surrounding areas were selected as the research objects, and the typical physical characteristics of P waves and S waves in frequency domain were extracted from seismic waveform data. We used the feature combination optimal solution algorithm to input the best feature parameters into the support vector machine model for sample training, and identified the non-natural earthquakes in Guangdong and surrounding areas. The test results showed that the accuracy of earthquake classification is 99.3%. In addition, the non-natural seismic identification module based on support vector machine was developed and connected to the daily cataloging system of Guangdong seismic network, which realized the quasi-real-time automatic identification of seismic event types. The application results showed that the recognition accuracy of 130 manually cataloged seismic events was 96.9%.

, authors=Xijiao JIANG1, Qingxi LIN1, *, Hao LIANG2, Ping TIAN1, Ce JIANG1, Ming LIANG1, Teng ZHU1, authorsList=Xijiao JIANG, Qingxi LIN, Hao LIANG, Ping TIAN, Ce JIANG, Ming LIANG, Teng ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingxi LIN, authorNote=

JIANG Xijiao, engineer, majors in focal mechanism, seismic classification method and technology, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506260142997567, articleId=1322506256661725230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别方法在广东及周边区域的应用, columnId=1322506256904994864, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=观测技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

选取广东及周边区域天然和非天然地震事件作为研究对象,提取P波和S波在频率域的典型物理特征作为特征值,并采用特征组合最优解算法将最佳特征参数输入支持向量机模型用于样本训练,实现对广东及周边区域非天然地震的识别。测试结果表明,地震事件整体识别准确率为99.3%。另外,开发基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别模块,并将其对接广东台网日常编目系统,实现了地震事件类型准实时自动识别。应用结果显示,人工编目的130个地震事件识别准确率为96.9%。

, authors=姜喜姣1, 林庆西1, *, 梁皓2, 田平1, 蒋策1, 梁明1, 朱腾1, authorsList=姜喜姣, 林庆西, 梁皓, 田平, 蒋策, 梁明, 朱腾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=林庆西, authorNote=

姜喜姣,工程师,主要从事震源机制、地震分类方法与技术研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

林庆西,博士,高级工程师,主要从事地震监测预警技术和相关软件研发研究,E-mail:

LIN Qingxi, PhD, senior engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring and early warning technology and development of related software, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=37U7E004E+3f8t/FSDPLmQ==, magXml=+ZxTWwIUDhwfkVhAekDZIQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=F7irG7V+Vzu5sNe+LrFC6g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=e4XwTdaAN4Ww8jPy2yBSKw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322506260629536839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506256661725230, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=530365163@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322506260700840009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506256661725230, authorId=1322506260629536839, language=EN, stringName=Xijiao JIANG, firstName=Xijiao, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Guangdong Earthquake Agency, 81 Mid-Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, China, bio={"content":"

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姜喜姣,工程师,主要从事震源机制、地震分类方法与技术研究,E-mail:

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Distinguishing Earthquake, Explosion and Mine Earthquake in Beijing Area[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 1995, 16 (4): 48- 54, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322506270771364011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506256661725230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=125, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Wang R J, Schmandt B, Kiser E, journalName=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wang R J , Schmandt B , Kiser E . Seismic Discrimination of Controlled Explosions and Earthquakes near Mount St. Helens Using P/S Ratios[J]. 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红色为天然地震事件, 绿色为爆破事件, 黄色为塌陷事件, 误差棒为归一化的各频率下的标准差

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误差条为不同的随机种子得到的分值差异, 圆点表示最优的特征参数数量值

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横坐标为输出的预测数据类型, 纵坐标为输入的真实数据类型, 百分比为对应的事件数量占该类型真实事件数的比例

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(b)和(c)分别为YGC台和DNB台波形局部放大图, 红色箭头表示P波初动位置及初动方向

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The configuration of data segments at different epicenter distance

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震中距范围/km P波初至后时间段/s S波初至后时间段/s
0~25 S-P 5
25~70 3 10
70~300 7 20
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不同震中距选取数据段的配置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
震中距范围/km P波初至后时间段/s S波初至后时间段/s
0~25 S-P 5
25~70 3 10
70~300 7 20
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The numbers of seismic events in the training and test sets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型 天然地震 爆破 塌陷
训练数量 139 146 68
测试数量 59 62 30
样本总数 198 208 98
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训练集与测试集地震事件数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型 天然地震 爆破 塌陷
训练数量 139 146 68
测试数量 59 62 30
样本总数 198 208 98
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Statistics for different types of seismic events

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事件类型 事件数量 正确识别数量 错误识别数量 识别准确率/%
天然地震 59 59 0 100
爆破 62 61 1 98.4
塌陷 30 30 0 100
总计 151 150 1 99.3
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不同类型地震事件识别情况统计

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事件类型 事件数量 正确识别数量 错误识别数量 识别准确率/%
天然地震 59 59 0 100
爆破 62 61 1 98.4
塌陷 30 30 0 100
总计 151 150 1 99.3
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Statistics of the manually cataloged seismic events recognition in Guangdong network from 2024-07-01 to 2024-08-15

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事件类型 事件数量 识别正确数量 识别错误数量 识别准确率/%
天然地震 114 110 4 96.5
爆破 16 16 0 100
总计 130 126 4 96.9
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2024-07-01—08-15广东台网人工编目地震事件识别情况统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件类型 事件数量 识别正确数量 识别错误数量 识别准确率/%
天然地震 114 110 4 96.5
爆破 16 16 0 100
总计 130 126 4 96.9
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基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别方法在广东及周边区域的应用
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姜喜姣 1 , 林庆西 1, * , 梁皓 2 , 田平 1 , 蒋策 1 , 梁明 1 , 朱腾 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 观测技术 2025,45(8): 875-880
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大地测量与地球动力学 |观测技术 2025 , 45 (8) : 875 -880
基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别方法在广东及周边区域的应用
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姜喜姣1 , 林庆西1, * , 梁皓2, 田平1, 蒋策1, 梁明1, 朱腾1
作者信息
  • 1 广东省地震局,广州市先烈中路81号,510070
  • 2 中国地震台网中心,北京市三里河南横街5号,100045
通讯作者:

林庆西,博士,高级工程师,主要从事地震监测预警技术和相关软件研发研究,E-mail:

LIN Qingxi, PhD, senior engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring and early warning technology and development of related software, E-mail:

作者简介:

姜喜姣,工程师,主要从事震源机制、地震分类方法与技术研究,E-mail:

Application of Non-Natural Earthquakes Identification Method Based on Support Vector Machine in Guangdong and Surrounding Areas
Xijiao JIANG1 , Qingxi LIN1, * , Hao LIANG2, Ping TIAN1, Ce JIANG1, Ming LIANG1, Teng ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangdong Earthquake Agency, 81 Mid-Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
  • 2 China Earthquake Networks Center, 5 Nanheng Street, Sanlihe, Beijing 100045, China
  • JIANG Xijiao, engineer, majors in focal mechanism, seismic classification method and technology, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.399
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选取广东及周边区域天然和非天然地震事件作为研究对象,提取P波和S波在频率域的典型物理特征作为特征值,并采用特征组合最优解算法将最佳特征参数输入支持向量机模型用于样本训练,实现对广东及周边区域非天然地震的识别。测试结果表明,地震事件整体识别准确率为99.3%。另外,开发基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别模块,并将其对接广东台网日常编目系统,实现了地震事件类型准实时自动识别。应用结果显示,人工编目的130个地震事件识别准确率为96.9%。

支持向量机  /  非天然地震  /  广东及周边区域  /  物理特征  /  机器学习

In this study, natural and non-natural seismic events in Guangdong and surrounding areas were selected as the research objects, and the typical physical characteristics of P waves and S waves in frequency domain were extracted from seismic waveform data. We used the feature combination optimal solution algorithm to input the best feature parameters into the support vector machine model for sample training, and identified the non-natural earthquakes in Guangdong and surrounding areas. The test results showed that the accuracy of earthquake classification is 99.3%. In addition, the non-natural seismic identification module based on support vector machine was developed and connected to the daily cataloging system of Guangdong seismic network, which realized the quasi-real-time automatic identification of seismic event types. The application results showed that the recognition accuracy of 130 manually cataloged seismic events was 96.9%.

support vector machine  /  non-natural earthquakes  /  Guangdong and surrounding areas  /  physical characteristics  /  machine learning
姜喜姣, 林庆西, 梁皓, 田平, 蒋策, 梁明, 朱腾. 基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别方法在广东及周边区域的应用. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (8) : 875 -880 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.399
Xijiao JIANG, Qingxi LIN, Hao LIANG, Ping TIAN, Ce JIANG, Ming LIANG, Teng ZHU. Application of Non-Natural Earthquakes Identification Method Based on Support Vector Machine in Guangdong and Surrounding Areas[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (8) : 875 -880 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.399
随着我国数字地震观测技术的高速发展,地震监测台站密度逐年增大,越来越多的爆破、塌陷、矿震以及各种地质灾害等非天然地震事件被记录到。这些非天然地震事件通常发生在地表或浅地表,极易对人民生命财产安全造成重大影响。为了在震后第一时间提供准确的信息,地震监测人员需要在短时间内完成各类事件的识别和判断。在现阶段,非天然地震的识别主要是靠人工判断,容易出现识别困难的情况,如2023年广东三水3.2级浅源地震曾一度被误认为是塌陷事件[1]。因此,找出一种切实可行的快速识别非天然地震的定量方法显得尤为重要。此外,识别非天然地震可以准确建立各种类型地震事件目录,在提高天然地震事件目录产出质量的同时,也能为后续的地震学研究提供可靠的数据基础。
根据震源性质反映在波形记录上的不同特征,学者们提出了多种识别天然和非天然地震的方法,如多变量统计分析、BP神经网络、卷积神经网络、支持向量机、矩阵决策算法等[2-8]。然而在广东及周边区域,目前并没有相关的快速分类和识别方法的研究,仅有通过震相特征的分析应用,如利用P波和S波振幅比、P波初动等各类震相特征判断地震事件类型[9-10]。因此,有必要寻找一种适用于广东及周边区域的非天然地震快速识别方法。
支持向量机(SVM)用于地震事件分类具有良好的效果,其在解决小样本、非线性及高维模式识别中表现出许多独有的优势[11-15]。基于此,本文拟采用支持向量机的方法,建立广东及周边区域非天然地震识别模型,实现该区域地震事件的快速自动分类。另外,开发支持向量机非天然地震识别软件模块,对接日常地震编目工作,实现地震事件类型准实时自动识别。
支持向量机是通过构造一系列二元分类器,实现对预测样本的多元分类。其本质是寻找最优分类超平面,使得该超平面在保证分类精度的同时,能够使超平面到达两侧向量的距离最大,从而将不同标签的特征参数分开。一般在样本空间中,超平面线性方程如式(1)所示。
$\boldsymbol{\omega}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{x}+\boldsymbol{b}=0$
式中,ω =(ω1, ω2, …, ωi)为超平面法向量;b为位移项。对于样本集D={(x1, y1), (x2, y2), …, (xi, yi)}, yi∈{-1, 1},需要找到合适的参数ω和b,使得:
$y_i\left(\boldsymbol{\omega}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{x}+\boldsymbol{b}\right) \geqslant 1$
求取目标函数最大分类间隔便可得到最优的超平面解。实际工作中,样本空间多为非线性,可通过核函数将样本数据映射到更高维空间,使样本数据线性可分。采用高斯径向基核函数:
$K(\boldsymbol{x}, \boldsymbol{y})=\exp \left(-\frac{\|\boldsymbol{x}-\boldsymbol{y}\|^2}{2 \sigma^2}\right)$
选择序列最小化(SMO)算法求取最优化的分割超平面,找到最小化十折交叉验证损失的超参数,从而得到支持向量机的分类模型。
特征提取主要通过有效的处理方法从波形数据中获取常用的物理特征。研究表明,频率振幅、P波和S波振幅比等是识别非天然地震的重要特征[16-17]。因此在利用支持向量机训练数据之前,需要先从频率域中提取波形数据的特征值。
利用P波和S波的波形数据段,分别计算每个数据段的频谱值,然后求解平均值,即可得到该事件P波和S波的平均振幅谱,如式(4)所示。
$a_{(\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{~S})}(f)=\left[b_1(f)+b_2(f)+\cdots b_n(f)\right] / n$
式中,b(f)为各个台站各个通道的频谱值;n为该事件总波形条数。利用平均振幅谱,计算特定中心频率下的特征值,如式(5)所示。
$A_{(\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{~S})}(f)=\int_{f-\Delta f}^{f+\Delta f} a_{(\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{~S})}(f) \mathrm{d} f$
式中,Δf为用于选择特定中心频率的参数;A(P)和A(S)为从P波和S波中提取到的特征值参数。
另外,本文尝试采用多个频带范围窗口内P波峰值和S波峰值的比值作为特征值。具体公式为:
$R(f)=\frac{A_{\mathrm{P}_{\max }}(f)}{A_{\mathrm{S}_{\max }}(f)}$
为了尽可能快速、准确地对事件进行分类,减少不必要的特征值,须选取各个中心频率下更能区分不同事件的特征。利用式(5)得到的特征值是一组表示P波和S波数据特征的数值序列,不同类型的地震事件数据在中心频率下的特征值必然有所差异。为区分这种差异性,同时找到差异性最大的特征值,对每种地震类型每个中心频率点下的所有训练样本特征值求解平均值并计算标准差,如式(7)所示。
$\sigma_f=\sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^N\left(A_{(\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{~S})}-\mu\right)^2}{N}}$
式中,N为样本地震类型数;μ为总体的均值;σf为计算得到的中心频率点f下的P波或S波的标准差。根据标准差大小从高到低进行排序。标准差高表示不同地震类型之间差异性较为明显,将其作为特征值参数可以有效提高识别非天然地震的准确率。
为减少特征值的数量,按照标准差排序进行特征参数数量的穷举计算,找到最优的特征值组合。计算过程中,主要利用建立好的支持向量机训练模型判断测试数据的预测准确率,同时改变随机种子数,判断对于不同测试集数据的预测准确率区间变化。评价结果用F1分数表示(式(8))。
$F_1=\frac{2 P R}{(P+R)}$
式中,P为识别准确率;R为识别召回率。选取F1分数最大值对应的特征值数量作为本次研究的最佳特征值组合。
选取2013—2023年广东地震台网监测到的天然地震事件和爆破事件(图 1)。为了确保到时震相丰富,且符合广东区域地震产出的特点,震级范围设定为ML2.0~3.0。另外,为了使在学习过程中各类型样本之间迭代次数不产生较大的差别,选取的天然地震事件和爆破事件数量应尽可能在同一数量级。同时,为了兼顾广东及周边研究区,应保证选取的两类地震事件均匀分布。按照以上原则,共选取天然地震事件198个,爆破事件208个。
截至2024年,广东地震台网共记录到12个非天然塌陷事件,数据量过少,对这12个非天然塌陷事件分类没有实际意义。为了验证非天然地震识别方法的准确性和可靠性,本文将结合东北地区的98个实际塌陷事件进行三分类训练[15]。
定量提取波形的时频特征,首先需要确定P波和S波初至时间以及波形数据段长度。人工校核和补充所有事件P波和S波初至震相,对于波形质量较差或信噪比较低的波形数据,在人工校核过程中予以剔除。本研究共得到天然地震事件三分量波形数据14 055条,爆破事件三分量波形数据10 269条,东北地区塌陷事件三分量波形数据4 386条。对波形进行归一化、去均值、去线性等预处理,将数据截取至200 s长度,以便于后期数据的分析。
通过对比广东及周边区域不同震中距范围内P波和S波持续时间,合理选取P波和S波初至震相后的数据段时间长度,如表 1所示。
利用式(5)计算每个事件P波和S波的平均振幅谱,即该事件的特征值。根据广东及周边区域的波形频谱特点,在0.2~15 Hz频带中选择特定中心频率:0.2~1 Hz时,按照Δf=0.1 Hz间隔选取中心频率f;1~15 Hz时,按照0.5 Hz的间隔选择中心频率f。计算出A(P)和A(S)各37个频率域特征参数,如图 2所示。
另外,计算不同频率范围窗口内P波振幅的峰值和S波峰值的比值,最终选取5个频率范围内识别效果较好的特征参数,分别为:0.1~1 Hz、1~5 Hz、5~10 Hz、10~15 Hz和1~15 Hz。
结合以上计算,共提取到79个特征参数。为减少计算量,根据上文特征组合最优解算法,计算样本数据中最优的特征数量值,结果如图 3所示。可以看到,特征值数量为21时,F1分数最高。因此,采用P波和S波标准差最大的前21个中心频率点特征值数据作为本次研究的特征参数。
按照以上的方法,共选取47个特征参数作为输入支持向量机模型的训练数据。实际计算过程中,每个地震事件均被转化为47个特征参数组成的特征向量,用以输入支持向量机模型的分类器中,训练并生成研究区地震分类模型。
随机挑选每一类地震事件数量的70%作为训练集,用于训练并建立地震分类识别模型;剩余30%的数据集作为测试集,分析识别效果。具体的事件数量如表 2所示。
将测试集中共151个事件样本输入训练好的模型中,最终的分类结果如表 3和图 4所示。结果显示,59个天然地震事件均被正确识别,准确率为100%;62个爆破事件中有61个被准确识别,1个被误识别为天然地震事件,准确率为98.4%;30个塌陷事件均被正确识别,准确率为100%;测试集的151个事件中有150个被准确识别,准确率为99.3%。
测试集中唯一被错误分类的事件为2014-01-13在广东信宜发生的ML2.4爆破事件。从图 5可以看到,该事件波形虽然近台有面波存在,但远台有部分台站初动方向为向下,且S波振幅显著大于P波振幅,具有很强的天然地震波形特征,该事件有可能是地震目录中的一个错误分类事件。
由于该分类模型用于训练的塌陷数据来自东北地区,本文尝试利用该分类模型预测广东及周边区域的12个塌陷数据,用于检测该模型的泛化能力。结果显示,12个塌陷事件中只有3个事件被准确识别,其余9个事件均被识别为爆破。这说明受限于每个地区的地质构造背景以及传播路径,不同地区同类型的地震波形存在着一定的差异,因此在利用支持向量机建立模型时,只能识别该区域的数据,而对于其他地区的识别能力较弱,该方法的泛化能力不佳。以后的工作中应注意塌陷数据的获取来源,从而提升识别广东及周边区域塌陷事件的准确率。
依托广东地震台网业务综合服务平台,利用上文中的理论算法研发非天然地震识别模块。该模块采用Python语言编写实现,利用obspy和scikit-learn第三方库分别进行地震波形处理和支持向量机模型建立。该模块对接人工编目数据库,工作人员可对实时产出的地震事件进行检测,从而快速判断地震事件类型,实现台网事件类型识别日常化应用。具体应用技术路线如图 6所示。
应用该识别模块检测2024-07-01—08-15广东地震台网记录到的ML≥1.0的天然地震事件和爆破事件,结果如表 4所示。可以看出,天然地震识别准确率为96.5%,共有4个事件被误识别为爆破事件,其中3个事件为福建东山海域地震,1个事件为广东陆河地震。4个地震事件震级范围为ML1.0~1.2,信噪比较低,且记录到的台站数均小于5个。由于本文在训练数据时的数据震级大于2.0,因此在台站记录波形较少的情况下容易出现识别错误,这需要在以后的工作中继续训练该模型,从而进一步提升识别准确率。
检测的16个人工编目爆破事件均被正确识别出,识别准确率为100%。总体上看,非天然地震识别模块检测准确率达到96.9%,运行效果良好。该模块对人工编目事件的核查和事件类型数据库的建立具有积极的意义,且适用于全国区域台网,感兴趣的读者可通过网址 https://github.com/forkiter/SVM4NneiAS下载本软件。
1) 本文重新设计了特征组合最优解算法,利用不同类型地震事件P波和S波频谱值差异性大的物理特征,自动定量选取多个物理特征值,这种智能化的选取方法,既减少了特征值的选取个数,又提高了识别精度和准确度,有利于该方法在不同研究区的重新训练和模型的建立。
2) 本文方法在广东及周边区域的应用结果表明,提取P波和S波频谱特征用于建立支持向量机模型是可行的,且识别非天然地震事件类型的准确率很高,整体达到99.3%,唯一识别错误的事件经分析发现其可能为测试集目录中的一个错误分类事件。该方法成功识别出该事件类型,避免了编目目录错误录入,对日常编目事件的核查和非天然地震识别工作具有重要的参考价值。
3) 利用研发的自动识别模块测试日常编目地震目录,识别准确率达到96.9%,产出性能良好。但由于训练集采用的地震数据震级较大,相较于测试结果,该模块对于微小震的识别能力稍弱,因此需要在后续工作中继续扩充训练事件集,以期产出更为贴合广东及周边区域实际的非天然地震识别模型。
4) 由于广东及周边区域塌陷事件数据较少,因此本文采用东北地区的塌陷事件数据用于模型训练,并成功识别出该区域所有的塌陷事件,表明该模型对塌陷事件具有较好的识别能力。但利用该模型测试广东及周边区域的12个塌陷事件发现,识别准确率仅有25%,这表明受不同区域地质构造背景的影响,地震波物理特征存在差异性,该方法的泛化效果不佳。在后期工作中若能获取到足够的塌陷样本,应尽量完善和优化该模型,同时改进算法以提高识别模块的泛化能力,使其普适性更强。
5) 基于支持向量机的非天然地震识别方法本质上是利用不同类型地震事件的物理特征进行判断,因此理论上可以识别诸如矿震、水库诱发地震等各类非天然地震,但由于本次研究限于广东及周边区域,未能对更多的非天然地震事件进行分析。未来可将该方法应用于全国各个区域,检验其对其他非天然地震类型的识别能力。
  • 中国地震局“三结合”课题(3JH-202401005)
  • 广东省地震局青年地震科研基金(GDDZZ202306)
  • 广东省地震局青年地震科研基金(GDDZZ202305)
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2025年第45卷第8期
27
10
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.399
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
基金
Combination Project with Monitoring, Prediction and Scientific Research of Earthquake Technology, CEA(3JH-202401005)
中国地震局“三结合”课题(3JH-202401005)
Seismological Research Foundation for Youths of Guangdong Earthquake Agency(GDDZZ202306)
广东省地震局青年地震科研基金(GDDZZ202306)
Seismological Research Foundation for Youths of Guangdong Earthquake Agency(GDDZZ202305)
广东省地震局青年地震科研基金(GDDZZ202305)
作者信息
    1 广东省地震局,广州市先烈中路81号,510070
    2 中国地震台网中心,北京市三里河南横街5号,100045

通讯作者:

林庆西,博士,高级工程师,主要从事地震监测预警技术和相关软件研发研究,E-mail:

LIN Qingxi, PhD, senior engineer, majors in earthquake monitoring and early warning technology and development of related software, E-mail:

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.399
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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