Article(id=1322506643695317165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322506567065383670, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.373, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722873600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793239754842, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793239754842, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793239754842, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793239754842, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322506567065383670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='661', pageEnd='770', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793239736572, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793239736572, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=712, endPage=717, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322506643909226670, articleId=1322506643695317165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Accuracy Analysis of GPS Kinematic-to-Kinematic Single-Difference Carrier Phase Time Transfer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the requirement of high-precision time transfer between kinematic users and the limitation of PPP time transfer relies on real-time precision orbit and clock products, we study the kinematic-to-kinematic single-difference carrier phase time transfer method for real-time estimation of base station coordinates, and carry out static simulated dynamic and measured kinematic tests to evaluate the performance of single-difference carrier phase time transfer method. The results show that standard deviations of static simulated dynamic zero-baseline and non-zero baseline time transfer are 0.034 ns and 0.053 ns, respectively, and the frequency stability is 9.49×10-16/30 000 s and 1.85×10-15/30 000 s, respectively. The standard deviation of measured kinematic non-zero baseline time transfer is 0.095 ns, and the frequency stability is 8.37×10-14/300 s, which verifies the feasibility of algorithm in actual motion scene. The GPS kinematic-to-kinematic single-difference carrier phase time transfer has low cost and is easy to implement. The clock solution with sub-nanosecond accuracy can be realized by using GPS observations and broadcast ephemeris, which provides a key technology for short-distance, kinematic and high-precision time transfer.

, authors=Qian CUI1, 2, Shiming ZHONG1, 2, Jie ZHANG1, 2, 3, 4, *, Jinyang HAN1, 2, Runmin LU1, 2, Zecheng HU1, 2, authorsList=Qian CUI, Shiming ZHONG, Jie ZHANG, Jinyang HAN, Runmin LU, Zecheng HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie ZHANG, authorNote=

CUI Qian, postgraduate, majors in GNSS time transfer, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322506647486968004, articleId=1322506643695317165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递精度分析, columnId=1322506169105633839, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=现代大地测量, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对动对动用户间高精度时间传递需求及PPP时间传递依赖实时精密轨道和钟差产品的问题,本文对基准站坐标实时估计的动对动单差载波相位时间传递方法进行研究,开展静态仿动态和实测动态实验来评估单差载波相位时间传递方法的性能。结果表明,静态仿动态零基线和非零基线实验时间传递结果的标准差分别为0.034 ns和0.053 ns,频率稳定度分别为9.49×10-16/30 000 s和1.85×10-15/30 000 s。实测动态非零基线实验时间传递结果的标准差为0.095 ns,频率稳定度为8.37×10-14/300 s,验证了算法在实际运动场景中的可行性。GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递成本低、易于实现,仅需GPS观测值和广播星历即可实现亚ns级精度的钟差解算,可为短距离、动态、高精度时间传递提供一种关键技术。

, authors=崔潜1, 2, 钟世明1, 2, 张杰1, 2, 3, 4, *, 韩金阳1, 2, 路润民1, 2, 胡泽成1, 2, authorsList=崔潜, 钟世明, 张杰, 韩金阳, 路润民, 胡泽成, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张杰, authorNote=

崔潜,硕士生,主要研究方向为GNSS时间传递,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

张杰,博士,正研级高级工程师,主要研究方向为GNSS时频传递及卫星激光测距,E-mail:

ZHANG Jie, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS time and frequency transfer and SLR, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ssnyROUCzrlP+OstECd6TA==, magXml=+e8JUiwVAZOQgkoMmErAFQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RqIJlOLNoS8xA7ZSaGpPDg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ayKxocsfZ6rPHZvixgOT8w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322506648392937682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506643695317165, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=cuiqian@apm.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322506650070659285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506643695317165, authorId=1322506648392937682, language=EN, stringName=Qian CUI, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=CUI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, 340 Xudong Street, Wuhan 430077, China
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Details of time transfer experiments

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实验静态仿动态零基线实验静态仿动态非零基线实验实测动态非零基线实验
测站USN7和USN8ONSA和SPT0R91和R92
基线长度0 km68 km0.6 m
接收机类型SEPT
POLARX5TR
SEPT
POLARX5TR
TRIMBLE
NETR9
外接时钟氢原子钟氢原子钟铷原子钟
天线类型TPSCR.G5AOAD/M_B, TRM59800.00TRM57971.00, TRM57971.00
采样间隔30 s30 s1 s
), ArticleFig(id=1322506663769256218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506643695317165, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

时间传递实验详细信息

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实验静态仿动态零基线实验静态仿动态非零基线实验实测动态非零基线实验
测站USN7和USN8ONSA和SPT0R91和R92
基线长度0 km68 km0.6 m
接收机类型SEPT
POLARX5TR
SEPT
POLARX5TR
TRIMBLE
NETR9
外接时钟氢原子钟氢原子钟铷原子钟
天线类型TPSCR.G5AOAD/M_B, TRM59800.00TRM57971.00, TRM57971.00
采样间隔30 s30 s1 s
), ArticleFig(id=1322506663865725211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506643695317165, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

The processing strategies of time transfer experiment

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内容策略
解算模式Moving-Base
观测值伪距和载波相位观测值
信号GPS系统L1、L2
截止高度角15°
参数估计方法卡尔曼滤波
卫星轨道和钟差广播星历
电离层延迟改正双频消电离层组合
对流层延迟改正Saastamoinen模型
天线相位中心改正igs14.atx
), ArticleFig(id=1322506663928639772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322506643695317165, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

时间传递实验处理策略

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内容策略
解算模式Moving-Base
观测值伪距和载波相位观测值
信号GPS系统L1、L2
截止高度角15°
参数估计方法卡尔曼滤波
卫星轨道和钟差广播星历
电离层延迟改正双频消电离层组合
对流层延迟改正Saastamoinen模型
天线相位中心改正igs14.atx
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GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递精度分析
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崔潜 1, 2 , 钟世明 1, 2 , 张杰 1, 2, 3, 4, * , 韩金阳 1, 2 , 路润民 1, 2 , 胡泽成 1, 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 现代大地测量 2025,45(7): 712-717
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大地测量与地球动力学 |现代大地测量 2025 , 45 (7) : 712 -717
GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递精度分析
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崔潜1, 2 , 钟世明1, 2, 张杰1, 2, 3, 4, * , 韩金阳1, 2, 路润民1, 2, 胡泽成1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室, 武汉市徐东大街340号, 430077
  • 2 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京市玉泉路19号甲, 100049
  • 3 湖北珞珈实验室, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
  • 4 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院武汉大地测量国家野外科学观测研究站, 武汉市徐东大街340号, 430077
通讯作者:

张杰,博士,正研级高级工程师,主要研究方向为GNSS时频传递及卫星激光测距,E-mail:

ZHANG Jie, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS time and frequency transfer and SLR, E-mail:

作者简介:

崔潜,硕士生,主要研究方向为GNSS时间传递,E-mail:

Accuracy Analysis of GPS Kinematic-to-Kinematic Single-Difference Carrier Phase Time Transfer
Qian CUI1, 2 , Shiming ZHONG1, 2, Jie ZHANG1, 2, 3, 4, * , Jinyang HAN1, 2, Runmin LU1, 2, Zecheng HU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, 340 Xudong Street, Wuhan 430077, China
  • 2 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, A19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3 Hubei Luojia Laboratory, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 4 Wuhan National Geodetic Observatory, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, 340 Xudong Street, Wuhan 430077, China
  • CUI Qian, postgraduate, majors in GNSS time transfer, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.373
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针对动对动用户间高精度时间传递需求及PPP时间传递依赖实时精密轨道和钟差产品的问题,本文对基准站坐标实时估计的动对动单差载波相位时间传递方法进行研究,开展静态仿动态和实测动态实验来评估单差载波相位时间传递方法的性能。结果表明,静态仿动态零基线和非零基线实验时间传递结果的标准差分别为0.034 ns和0.053 ns,频率稳定度分别为9.49×10-16/30 000 s和1.85×10-15/30 000 s。实测动态非零基线实验时间传递结果的标准差为0.095 ns,频率稳定度为8.37×10-14/300 s,验证了算法在实际运动场景中的可行性。GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递成本低、易于实现,仅需GPS观测值和广播星历即可实现亚ns级精度的钟差解算,可为短距离、动态、高精度时间传递提供一种关键技术。

全球卫星导航系统  /  时间传递  /  动对动  /  站间单差  /  精度分析

Aiming at the requirement of high-precision time transfer between kinematic users and the limitation of PPP time transfer relies on real-time precision orbit and clock products, we study the kinematic-to-kinematic single-difference carrier phase time transfer method for real-time estimation of base station coordinates, and carry out static simulated dynamic and measured kinematic tests to evaluate the performance of single-difference carrier phase time transfer method. The results show that standard deviations of static simulated dynamic zero-baseline and non-zero baseline time transfer are 0.034 ns and 0.053 ns, respectively, and the frequency stability is 9.49×10-16/30 000 s and 1.85×10-15/30 000 s, respectively. The standard deviation of measured kinematic non-zero baseline time transfer is 0.095 ns, and the frequency stability is 8.37×10-14/300 s, which verifies the feasibility of algorithm in actual motion scene. The GPS kinematic-to-kinematic single-difference carrier phase time transfer has low cost and is easy to implement. The clock solution with sub-nanosecond accuracy can be realized by using GPS observations and broadcast ephemeris, which provides a key technology for short-distance, kinematic and high-precision time transfer.

GNSS  /  time transfer  /  kinematic-to-kinematic  /  single-difference between stations  /  accuracy analysis
崔潜, 钟世明, 张杰, 韩金阳, 路润民, 胡泽成. GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递精度分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (7) : 712 -717 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.373
Qian CUI, Shiming ZHONG, Jie ZHANG, Jinyang HAN, Runmin LU, Zecheng HU. Accuracy Analysis of GPS Kinematic-to-Kinematic Single-Difference Carrier Phase Time Transfer[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (7) : 712 -717 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.373
精密时间是现代社会中各系统稳定运行的基本保障[1],各类高精度时间传递技术在经济民生、科研、国防等各个领域发挥着极其重要的作用[2]。随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的不断发展与完善,GNSS时间传递凭借成本低、精度高、操作简易、便于实现等优点[3-4],在移动通信系统[5]、天文观测[6]、国际标准时间归算[7]、协同工作[8]等诸多领域都得到广泛应用。
GNSS时间传递方法主要有全视法(all-in-view, AV)、共视法(common-view, CV)以及载波相位时间传递法。载波相位时间传递法相比于共视法和全视法引入了载波相位观测值,其时间传递精度更高[9]。载波相位时间传递按照观测模型可分为单差载波相位时间传递和精密单点定位(PPP)时间传递,其中,PPP时间传递依赖实时精密轨道和钟差产品,而单差载波相位时间传递仅需观测值和广播星历[10],目前已有诸多学者对其进行研究。Delporte等[11]实现了固定整周模糊度的单差载波相位时间传递,对于基线长约700 km的2个国际GNSS服务(IGS)测站,其时间传递精度为0.25 ns。Feng等[12]提出实时动态(real-time kinematic, RTK)定位和授时模型,结果表明21 km基线的授时精度优于0.1 ns。花江[8]提出基于全球定位系统(GPS)的战术数据链平台间高精度时间同步方法,利用卡尔曼滤波融合差分GPS与传统的往返计时(round trip time, RTT)时间同步法,该方法的时间同步精度可达3 ns。Tu等[13]提出基于双差RTK的实时动态时间传递方法,结果显示389.8 km基线的授时精度可达0.57 ns。孙保琪等[14]提出基于北斗的RTK授时服务系统,结果表明32.85 km基线的授时精度优于0.2 ns。
目前关于差分载波相位时间传递的研究主要是针对2个静态测站和一静一动2个测站的情况,静态测站的坐标都是已知的或者不变的,且大部分研究成果都是使用静态数据仿动态得到。为了满足移动平台之间、移动平台上用时终端之间等动态场景下的时间传递需求,本文开展基准站坐标实时估计的单差载波相位时间传递方法研究,并通过静态仿动态和实测动态实验分析该方法的性能。
在GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递中,一个历元的站间单差伪距观测方程和站间单差载波相位观测方程可表示为:
$P_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\rho_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c \cdot t_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}$
$L_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}=\rho_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}+c \cdot t_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}+\lambda \cdot N_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}+\varepsilon_{\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}}^{\mathrm{s}}$
式中,s表示卫星;i和j表示测站(接收机);Pi, js为单差伪距观测值;Li, js为单差载波相位观测值;ρi, js为卫星s与2个测站之间的几何距离之差;c为光速;ti, j为2个测站之间的钟差,2个测站进行时间传递的关键就在于求解该参数;λ为载波波长;Ni, js为单差载波相位模糊度;εi, js为其他噪声项。与静态差分时间传递方法相比,本方法在计算ρi, js时首先利用标准单点定位实时计算出当前时刻的基准站坐标值,并将其作为已知值代入式(1)和式(2)。
若一个历元共有n颗共视卫星,则这个历元可以列出2n个观测方程。2个测站之间的观测值站间单差方法可以完全消除卫星端钟差等误差,并削弱电离层延迟和对流层延迟等误差项,在基线长度较短的情况下,这些误差可以忽略。由于差分方法可消除或削弱诸多误差,因此动对动单差载波相位时间传递方法无需精密的轨道和钟差产品,仅使用广播星历即可实现高精度的站间钟差解算。
GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递的参数估计可采用卡尔曼滤波方法[15]。卡尔曼滤波广泛应用于导航定位领域,本文不再赘述其具体步骤,仅给出历元滤波后的状态估计值及其协方差:
$\hat{\boldsymbol{X}}_k=\hat{\boldsymbol{X}}_{k / k-1}+\boldsymbol{K}_k\left(\boldsymbol{Z}_k-\boldsymbol{H}_k \hat{\boldsymbol{X}}_{k / k-1}\right)$
$\boldsymbol{P}_k=\left(\boldsymbol{I}-\boldsymbol{K}_k \boldsymbol{H}_k\right) \boldsymbol{P}_{k / k-1}$
式中,$\hat{\boldsymbol{X}}_k$为状态最优估计值向量;$\boldsymbol{P}_k$为状态估计协方差阵;$\hat{\boldsymbol{X}}_{k / k-1}$为状态预测值向量(在本文算法中取标准单点定位结果作为预测值);$\boldsymbol{P}_{k / k-1}$为状态预测协方差阵;Kk为滤波增益矩阵;Zk为观测值向量;Hk为状态观测矩阵。
对于GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递而言,一个历元的待估参数(状态向量)包括三维位置、n颗共视卫星的单差载波相位模糊度以及2个测站间的钟差,共n+4个,而观测方程数为2n个,故有:
$2 n \geqslant n+4$
由式(5)可得:n≥4,即一个历元至少有4颗共视卫星即可进行钟差解算。
本文时间传递算法是通过对开源GNSS定位解算软件RTKLIB[16]进行二次开发实现的,本研究主要是面向2个动态测站间的时间传递,因此主要使用RTKLIB的Moving-Base模式。算法整体流程如图 1所示,具体实现思路如下:
1) 选取2个动态测站中的一个测站作为基准站;
2) 对于每个历元,先利用标准单点定位确定基准站位置,并将基准站坐标作为已知值,而另一个测站的位置坐标则作为未知参数进行估计;
3) 将伪距观测值和载波相位观测值进行站间单差,并形成单差观测方程;
4) 利用卡尔曼滤波同时求解另一个测站的位置、载波相位模糊度(浮点解)以及2个测站间的钟差,其中,卡尔曼滤波初值和预测值均取2个测站标准单点定位结果。
本研究共进行3项时间传递实验:静态仿动态零基线实验、静态仿动态非零基线实验以及实测动态非零基线实验,具体信息如表 1所示。
静态仿动态零基线实验数据采用USN7和USN8两个IGS测站2021-01-03—08共6 d的GPS观测数据。IGS测站为静态测站,可采用动态算法对静态观测数据进行解算,即静态仿动态。USN7和USN8测站位于美国,二者共用同一个天线,并外接同一台氢原子钟,构成共钟零基线。在该条件下,时间传递结果的影响因素仅有观测噪声,因此共钟零基线实验可以衡量时间传递算法能够达到的理想水平[14]。
静态仿动态非零基线实验数据采用ONSA和SPT0两个IGS测站2021-01-03—08共6 d的GPS观测数据。ONSA和SPT0测站位于瑞典,二者均外接氢原子钟,构成一条长约68 km的基线。
实测动态非零基线实验采用自测的动对动数据开展。2023-04-15在中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院1号科研楼楼顶进行动态小车实验,实验原理如图 2所示,实验设备与场景如图 3所示。小车上2根天线随车一起运动,2台GNSS接收机分别接这2根天线,并外接同一台铷原子钟,构成一条动态对动态时间传递基线。小车绕环形轨道运动,速度为1.5~1.6 m/s,环形轨道一圈总长约100 m。实测动态非零基线实验用来验证算法在实际运动场景中的可行性。
上述3个时间传递实验的具体解算策略如表 2所示,解算时将2个测站看作2个自由运动的测站,未施加基线长约束,且载波相位整周模糊度为浮点解。
在3组实验中,选择进行性能评估的各个测站的接收机和天线馈线的硬件延时不同,且IGS测站的硬件延时未公布,因此本文对参与实验的各个测站未进行系统延时标校,测站间相对钟差会存在一定的系统偏差,钟差真值为一个常数[17]。
图 4为USN7和USN8测站的零基线时间传递结果,可以看出,不考虑前期收敛过程,连续6 d时间传递结果的峰峰值小于0.30 ns,大部分时段在0.20 ns以内,标准差(STD)为0.034 ns,解算的钟差随时间变化整体较为平稳,但存在明显的周期性抖动现象,且以天为周期,可能是由接收机内部硬件延时随温度等环境因素变化所引起。零基线时间传递频率稳定度结果如图 5所示,可以看出,当时间间隔为30 000 s时,对应的修正Allan偏差(modified Allan deviation, MDEV) 为9.49×10-16。共钟零基线实验可消除时钟源输出时钟频率稳定度对频率传递稳定度的影响,频率传递稳定度由时间频率传递技术自身的频率稳定度决定[18]。
由于非零基线ONSA和SPT0测站外接的原子钟之间存在频率偏差,因此2个测站间的钟差存在漂移现象,无法直接对解算的钟差进行精度评估。将IGS发布的最终钟差产品中的测站钟差作为真值(采样间隔5 min),先利用IGS产品(单个测站的钟差)得到2个测站间的钟差参考值,再将本文算法解算的2个测站间钟差与钟差参考值作差,对作差结果进行评估。
图 6为与钟差参考值作差后的ONSA和SPT0测站的时间传递结果,可以看出,不考虑前期收敛过程,连续6 d时间传递结果的峰峰值小于0.64 ns,大部分时段在0.20 ns以内,STD为0.053 ns。2个测站时间传递频率稳定度结果如图 7所示,整体上本文时间传递算法结果差于IGS发布的最终产品,当时间间隔为30 000 s时,本文方法的时间传递频率稳定度MDEV达到1.85×10-15。
由于实测动态非零基线实验中2个测站共钟,因此钟差真值应该为一个常数。图 8为实测动态非零基线时间传递结果,测试时间约5 000 s,时间传递结果的峰峰值为0.54 ns,STD为0.095 ns。实测动态非零基线时间传递频率稳定度结果如图 9所示,当时间间隔为300 s时,频率稳定度MDEV为8.37×10-14。
从图 10可以看出,解算的钟差存在明显的周期性抖动现象,且抖动周期较为稳定,约为60 s,与小车绕轨道运动的周期一致。推测该现象可能与多路径效应有关:小车绕环形轨道做周期性运动,其与周围环境的位置关系也在发生周期性变化,故多路径误差也可能呈现周期性变化,而多路径误差不具有空间相关性,本文差分算法无法消除其影响,最终多路径误差可能被接收机钟差吸收,使得解算出的钟差序列出现周期性抖动现象。
本文介绍了GPS动对动单差载波相位时间传递的原理,利用基于IGS测站数据的静态仿动态时间传递实验验证算法性能,同时开展实测动态时间传递实验,评估在实际运动场景下的动态时间传递精度,得到以下结论:
1) 静态仿动态站间单差时间传递精度为0.053 ns,频率稳定度为1.85×10-15/30 000 s,可实现动对动亚ns级时间传递。
2) 实测动态非零基线时间传递精度为0.095 ns,频率稳定度为8.37×10-14/300 s,验证了动对动单差载波相位时间传递在实际运动场景中仅使用广播星历的可行性,可为车载、机载等领域的应用提供参考。
本文时间传递算法仍有诸多可改进之处。其一,目前本文算法载波相位模糊度为浮点解,将来可进行固定模糊度的解算,有望进一步提高时间传递精度。其二,文中零基线和实测动态数据均使用双频消电离层组合,实际上对于基线长度较短的2个测站而言,差分基本可以消除电离层的误差项,且消电离层组合会放大观测噪声,故在这种情况下无需再使用消电离层组合,仅使用单频观测值就可以实现高精度的钟差解算。其三,本文算法目前只使用单GPS系统的观测数据进行解算,如今各个GNSS系统发展日趋成熟,后续可研究利用北斗等多个导航系统的观测数据实现动对动的钟差解算,提升算法的可靠性。其四,本文实验未进行系统延时标校,如具体到实际应用,需考虑各种延时的标定。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42174222)
  • 武汉市知识创新专项(2023010201010082)
  • 湖北珞珈实验室开放基金(220100062)
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2025年第45卷第7期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.08.373
  • 接收时间:2024-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-06
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42174222)
国家自然科学基金(42174222)
Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Project(2023010201010082)
武汉市知识创新专项(2023010201010082)
Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(220100062)
湖北珞珈实验室开放基金(220100062)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室, 武汉市徐东大街340号, 430077
    2 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京市玉泉路19号甲, 100049
    3 湖北珞珈实验室, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
    4 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院武汉大地测量国家野外科学观测研究站, 武汉市徐东大街340号, 430077

通讯作者:

张杰,博士,正研级高级工程师,主要研究方向为GNSS时频传递及卫星激光测距,E-mail:

ZHANG Jie, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS time and frequency transfer and SLR, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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