Article(id=1322940986707554842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940959071285581, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.07.322, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720195200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343310286, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343310286, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343310286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343310286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940959071285581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='551', pageEnd='660', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749916800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343303697, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343303697, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=551, endPage=554, 579, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322940988041343515, articleId=1322940986707554842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Time-Varying Characteristics of ERP Parameters Determined by Different Spatial Geodetic Techniques, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper takes the Earth rotation parameters(ERP) obtained by each individual measurement means as research data, and outputs the processing results in the time domain and frequency domain respectively. Then the index parameters obtained from each analysis are compared with the data analysis results obtained by joint calculation in international Earth rotation service(IERS). The results show that the time-varying characteristics of ERP obtained by various measurement methods are different.

, authors=Erhu WEI1, Yan ZHU1, Yunlong ZHANG2, Yile LUO1, Xiaojing TIAN3, Jingnan LIU4, authorsList=Erhu WEI, Yan ZHU, Yunlong ZHANG, Yile LUO, Xiaojing TIAN, Jingnan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

WEI Erhu, PhD, professor, majors in space geodesy and navigation, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322940989018616354, articleId=1322940986707554842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=不同空间大地技术确定的ERP参数时变特征分析, columnId=1322506169105633839, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=现代大地测量, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以各单独测量手段得到的地球自转参数(ERP)为基础,分别输出时域和频域的处理结果,再将每次分析得到的指标参数与国际地球自转服务(IERS)联合解算得到的数据分析结果进行横向对比。结果表明,不同测量手段得到的ERP的时变特征存在一定差异。

, authors=魏二虎1, 朱颜1, 张云龙2, 罗一乐1, 田晓静3, 刘经南4, authorsList=魏二虎, 朱颜, 张云龙, 罗一乐, 田晓静, 刘经南, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

魏二虎, 博士, 教授, 主要从事空间大地测量与导航研究, E-mail:

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WEI Erhu, PhD, professor, majors in space geodesy and navigation, E-mail:

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Time domain indicators of ERP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源指标 X极移均方差/(″)2 X极移标准差/(″) Y极移均方差/(″)2 Y极移标准差/(″) UT1-UTC均方差/s2 UT1-UTC标准差/s
IERS 0.119 5 0.113 9 0.327 7
IGS 0.009 1 0.119 5 0.008 0 0.114 3 0.039 2 0.327 6
IVS 0.002 6 0.104 7 0.002 8 0.095 5 0.021 9 0.279 9
ILRS 0.003 7 0.094 0 0.004 0 0.087 5 0.024 3 0.246 3
IDS 0.005 2 0.119 3 0.004 6 0.113 7 0.032 8 0.222 8
), ArticleFig(id=1322940994416685664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940986707554842, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ERP时域指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源指标 X极移均方差/(″)2 X极移标准差/(″) Y极移均方差/(″)2 Y极移标准差/(″) UT1-UTC均方差/s2 UT1-UTC标准差/s
IERS 0.119 5 0.113 9 0.327 7
IGS 0.009 1 0.119 5 0.008 0 0.114 3 0.039 2 0.327 6
IVS 0.002 6 0.104 7 0.002 8 0.095 5 0.021 9 0.279 9
ILRS 0.003 7 0.094 0 0.004 0 0.087 5 0.024 3 0.246 3
IDS 0.005 2 0.119 3 0.004 6 0.113 7 0.032 8 0.222 8
), ArticleFig(id=1322940994513154657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940986707554842, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Frequency domain indicators of ERP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源指标 X极移最大幅值/(″) X极移主周期/d Y极移最大幅值/(″) Y极移主周期/d UT1-UTC最大幅值/s UT1-UTC主周期/s
IERS 0.109 8 365.003 2 0.340 9 365.002 9 0.185 9 2.178×106
IGS 0.109 9 365.042 1 0.340 6 365.010 1 0.185 6 2.254×106
IVS 0.126 1 365.008 7 0.126 1 365.007 6 0.126 1 2.173×106
ILRS 0.082 7 365.026 5 0.377 3 365.011 2 0.140 9 2.282×106
IDS 0.111 2 365.011 6 0.341 1 365.024 6 0.125 1 2.301×106
), ArticleFig(id=1322940994597040738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940986707554842, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ERP频域指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源指标 X极移最大幅值/(″) X极移主周期/d Y极移最大幅值/(″) Y极移主周期/d UT1-UTC最大幅值/s UT1-UTC主周期/s
IERS 0.109 8 365.003 2 0.340 9 365.002 9 0.185 9 2.178×106
IGS 0.109 9 365.042 1 0.340 6 365.010 1 0.185 6 2.254×106
IVS 0.126 1 365.008 7 0.126 1 365.007 6 0.126 1 2.173×106
ILRS 0.082 7 365.026 5 0.377 3 365.011 2 0.140 9 2.282×106
IDS 0.111 2 365.011 6 0.341 1 365.024 6 0.125 1 2.301×106
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不同空间大地技术确定的ERP参数时变特征分析
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魏二虎 1 , 朱颜 1 , 张云龙 2 , 罗一乐 1 , 田晓静 3 , 刘经南 4
大地测量与地球动力学 | 现代大地测量 2025,45(6): 551-554, 579
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大地测量与地球动力学 |现代大地测量 2025 , 45 (6) : 551 -554, 579
不同空间大地技术确定的ERP参数时变特征分析
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魏二虎, 博士, 教授, 主要从事空间大地测量与导航研究, E-mail:

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魏二虎1 , 朱颜1, 张云龙2, 罗一乐1, 田晓静3, 刘经南4
作者信息
  • 1 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
  • 2 中国铁路设计集团有限公司, 天津市岷江路10号 300251
  • 3 自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心, 西安市友谊东路334号, 710054
  • 4 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
作者简介:

魏二虎, 博士, 教授, 主要从事空间大地测量与导航研究, E-mail:

Time-Varying Characteristics of ERP Parameters Determined by Different Spatial Geodetic Techniques
Erhu WEI1 , Yan ZHU1, Yunlong ZHANG2, Yile LUO1, Xiaojing TIAN3, Jingnan LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 2 China Railway Design Corporation, 10 Minjiang Road, Tianjin 300251, China
  • 3 Geodetic Data Processing Center, MNR, 334 East-Youyi Road, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 4 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
  • WEI Erhu, PhD, professor, majors in space geodesy and navigation, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.07.322
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以各单独测量手段得到的地球自转参数(ERP)为基础,分别输出时域和频域的处理结果,再将每次分析得到的指标参数与国际地球自转服务(IERS)联合解算得到的数据分析结果进行横向对比。结果表明,不同测量手段得到的ERP的时变特征存在一定差异。

地球自转参数  /  时变特征  /  频谱分析  /  快速傅里叶变换  /  功率谱密度分析

This paper takes the Earth rotation parameters(ERP) obtained by each individual measurement means as research data, and outputs the processing results in the time domain and frequency domain respectively. Then the index parameters obtained from each analysis are compared with the data analysis results obtained by joint calculation in international Earth rotation service(IERS). The results show that the time-varying characteristics of ERP obtained by various measurement methods are different.

Earth rotation parameters  /  time-varying characteristics  /  spectrum analysis  /  fast Fourier transform  /  power spectral density analysis
魏二虎, 朱颜, 张云龙, 罗一乐, 田晓静, 刘经南. 不同空间大地技术确定的ERP参数时变特征分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (6) : 551 -554, 579 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.07.322
Erhu WEI, Yan ZHU, Yunlong ZHANG, Yile LUO, Xiaojing TIAN, Jingnan LIU. Time-Varying Characteristics of ERP Parameters Determined by Different Spatial Geodetic Techniques[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (6) : 551 -554, 579 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.07.322
地球自转参数(ERP)[1]是一组描述地球自转运动的参数,对于地球动力学研究和空间测量定位导航服务具有重要意义[2]。卫星定轨[3]和坐标系转换[4]的过程都应用了ERP,其中极移值(Xp,Yp)反映了地球自转轴位于地球球体内的运动状态,UT1-UTC提供了世界时与协调世界时的精确差值,日长变化(LOD)[5]体现了地球自转速度的变化。目前引用度较高的ERP数据来自于国际地球自转服务(IERS)网站[6]产品,这些数据是由国际VLBI服务(IVS)、国际激光测距服务(ILRS)、国际多普勒无线电定位系统服务(IDS)和国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)网站等多方数据联合解算而来,分别对应甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)[7]、卫星激光测距(SLR)[8]与激光测月(LLR)[9]、多普勒测量(DORIS)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)等几种主流ERP测量方法。通过对各指标的时域和频域进行定量分析,有助于比较和探讨不同技术确定的ERP存在的时变特征差异[10]。
本文利用地壳动力学数据信息系统(CDDIS)网站提供的ERP数据,选取不同来源的简化儒略日49 354.5-57 067.5共7 714 d的时间序列为实验数据,在输出时域结果后利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)进行时频转换,再进行功率谱密度分析,得到信号在频域的特征结果,最后对来自IERS网站的同时段数据进行处理,将得到的结果与各单独测量的结果进行对比分析。本文研究结果不仅能在一定程度上反映各技术的测定质量[11],还能为优化IERS联合解算和预报模型[12]的算法(如改变部分权重与比例因子等)提供参考。
傅里叶变换的公式为:
$F(\omega)=F[f(t)]=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} f(t) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i} \omega t} \mathrm{~d} t$
式中,ω为频率;t为时间;e-iωt为复变函数。
本文使用的ERP序列是离散信号,其长度是有限的,由于不连续,故无法积分计算。对于这样的有限离散数据,一般采用离散傅里叶变换进行转换,表达式为:
$X(\omega)=\sum\limits^n x(n) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i} \omega n}$
式中,n为序列长度。
为提高离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的计算速度,学者们提出快速傅里叶变换(FFT)[13]。该算法能使计算机计算DFT所需的乘法次数大大减少,尤其对于时间跨度较大的ERP序列,采用FFT进行时频变换具有显著的优越性和必要性。FFT运用了DFT的周期性与对称性,使DFT的计算过程变成了一系列迭代运算,成功使算法的复杂度由n2降至nlog2n,可以看出,n越大,算法提升的效率越高。FFT将时间离散序列按奇偶分成2组,将一个N点的DFT分解成2个N/2点的DFT计算,然后保持上述过程继续迭代。
功率谱表示单位频带内信号功率随频率的变化情况,即在不同频率下功率或能量的分布情况,单位W。与频谱类似,功率谱也是用于分析信号频率分布的工具之一,但其考虑的是信号在不同频率下的功率或能量分布,能更直观地描述信号的能量分布情况。
功率谱密度[14]表示单位时间和单位频带内信号能量随频率的分布情况,通常用于描述信号在连续频域上的功率分布。与功率谱类似,功率谱密度也是描述信号在不同频率下的功率或能量的分布情况,但其考虑的是单位频率范围内的功率或能量分布,可以更精确地描述信号的功率分布情况。
一般来说,进行一次完整的功率谱分析首先要获取其时间域的采样数据,再对信号数据进行傅里叶变换,将信号从时域转换到频域,计算每个频率分量上的信号功率,即对傅里叶变换结果的幅值进行平方,得到不同频率分量的功率。具体来说有几种主要的分析方法,如直接法、间接法、Bartlett法和Welch法,其中Bartlett法[15]又称平均周期图法,是将N点的有限长序列x(n)分段求周期再平均,是对直接法的一种改进。而Welch法又对Bartlett法进行了2个方面的修正,一是选择适当的窗函数w(n),并在周期计算前直接加进去,其优点是无论何种窗函数均可使谱估计非负;二是在分段时,可使各段之间有重叠,使方差减小。本文采用Welch法对ERP的频域数据进行分析。
分别以2个方向的极移与UT1-UTC参数为结果,绘制对应时序分布,结果见图1。由图可知,ERP中的X方向极移、Y方向极移及TU1- TUC参数在时序上表现出周期性。分别对IERS、IGS、IVS、ILRS、IDS给出的极移和TU1-TUC参数进行对比分析可以发现,IVS数据和其他来源数据在周期变化上的差距最大,可能是因为IVS观测得到的参数细节更多。
对ERP的时间序列进行对比,将IERS的ERP作为真实值,对其他来源的ERP分别进行均方差(式(3))及各数据本身序列内的标准差计算(式(4)),各来源ERP的均方差和标准差结果见表1。
$\mathrm{RMS}^2=\sum\limits^n\left(E_i-E\right)^2 /(N-1)$
式中,Ei为其他来源的ERP;E为IERS的ERP;N为序列长度。
$s^2=\sum\limits^n\left(E_i-\bar{E}_i\right)^2 /(N-1)$
式中,${\rm{\bar E}}$i为各ERP的均值,s为样本标准差。
由表1可以看出,以IERS数据为标准,总体来看,与其他来源相比,IGS来源的ERP标准差最接近IERS,但其残差项结果最大,说明IGS与IERS在同一历元得到的ERP相差最大。而IVS来源数据的残差较其他数据小,且标准差与IERS接近,表明在时间序列上IVS和IERS更为相近。
对ERP进行FFT实现时频转换后,分别输出X方向极移、Y方向极移与UT1-UTC参数的频谱,结果见图2。由图2(a)和2(b)可知,IERS等来源数据的X方向极移和Y方向极移都包含了一个2~3 mHz频率范围的周期,周期约为1 a。相较于其他来源数据,IVS的频域图像还包含一些较高频率的小周期,表明IVS的极移参数可能更加敏感,适合小周期变化分析。对图2(c)进行分析发现,不同来源的UT1-UTC参数信号都表现出频率越低幅值越大、频率越高幅值越小的特征,其中IVS的TU1-TUC参数也更加敏感,包含了更多的周期。
时域分析是以IERS来源的数据作为参考进行均方差和标准差分析的,而不同来源的ERP参数在频域的周期分布特征和规律相似。因此,本文在FFT处理的基础上,以IERS为数据来源,计算X方向极移、Y方向极移及UT1-UTC参数的功率谱密度,并将结果转换为以dB为单位绘制图像,结果见图3。
分析图3数据,IERS的ERP功率谱密度表明,在3个参数中,能量主要集中在0~200 mHz的低频部分,且随频率的增大而减少,这与几种来源数据经FFT绘制的图2中ERP参数在频域的表现相对应。
由表2可知,在主周期的对比中,IVS和IERS最接近,但最大幅值相差较大;IGS的最大幅值与IERS最接近,但主周期差距大;ILRS和IDS来源的数据与IERS差距适中,所有波动基本都在正常范围内。
本文利用CDDIS和IERS网站提供的ERP序列,取简化儒略日49 354.5-57 067.5共7 714 d为观测时段,在输出时域结果后,利用快速傅里叶变换进行时频转换,再进行功率谱密度计算分析,得到数据在时频域的一系列特征结果,得出以下结论:
1) 各来源ERP参数的时变特征存在一定差异,但差异的波动范围仍属正常。
2) 在4种来源数据中,IVS来源的数据在时域和频域上的特征都与IERS更加相似,尤其是在UT1-UTC参数指标上,或可考虑在IERS的ERP联合算法中改变相关数据的优先级和比重。
3) 4种来源数据中,IVS的ERP参数在频域上包含更多周期项,说明IVS来源的数据更加敏感,对于认识地球运动、提高计算精度等或许具有更大价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42374015)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1503600)
  • 天津市轨道交通导航定位及时空大数据技术重点实验室开放课题基金(TKL2024B04)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.07.322
  • 接收时间:2024-07-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-06
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42374015)
国家自然科学基金(42374015)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1503600)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1503600)
Open Fund of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Navigation Positioning and Spatio-Temporal Big Data Technology(TKL2024B04)
天津市轨道交通导航定位及时空大数据技术重点实验室开放课题基金(TKL2024B04)
作者信息
    1 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
    2 中国铁路设计集团有限公司, 天津市岷江路10号 300251
    3 自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心, 西安市友谊东路334号, 710054
    4 武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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